From dd78b97367bd575918204cc89107c1479d3fc1a7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Kees Cook Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2013 17:18:13 -0700 Subject: x86, boot: Move CPU flags out of cpucheck Refactor the CPU flags handling out of the cpucheck routines so that they can be reused by the future ASLR routines (in order to detect CPU features like RDRAND and RDTSC). This reworks has_eflag() and has_fpu() to be used on both 32-bit and 64-bit, and refactors the calls to cpuid to make them PIC-safe on 32-bit. Signed-off-by: Kees Cook Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381450698-28710-2-git-send-email-keescook@chromium.org Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin --- arch/x86/boot/Makefile | 2 +- arch/x86/boot/boot.h | 10 +--- arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile | 2 +- arch/x86/boot/compressed/cpuflags.c | 12 +++++ arch/x86/boot/cpucheck.c | 86 ----------------------------- arch/x86/boot/cpuflags.c | 104 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ arch/x86/boot/cpuflags.h | 19 +++++++ 7 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 97 deletions(-) create mode 100644 arch/x86/boot/compressed/cpuflags.c create mode 100644 arch/x86/boot/cpuflags.c create mode 100644 arch/x86/boot/cpuflags.h (limited to 'arch/x86/boot') diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/Makefile b/arch/x86/boot/Makefile index 379814bc41e3..0da2e37b37c3 100644 --- a/arch/x86/boot/Makefile +++ b/arch/x86/boot/Makefile @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ targets := vmlinux.bin setup.bin setup.elf bzImage targets += fdimage fdimage144 fdimage288 image.iso mtools.conf subdir- := compressed -setup-y += a20.o bioscall.o cmdline.o copy.o cpu.o cpucheck.o +setup-y += a20.o bioscall.o cmdline.o copy.o cpu.o cpuflags.o cpucheck.o setup-y += early_serial_console.o edd.o header.o main.o mca.o memory.o setup-y += pm.o pmjump.o printf.o regs.o string.o tty.o video.o setup-y += video-mode.o version.o diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/boot.h b/arch/x86/boot/boot.h index ef72baeff484..50f8c5e0f37e 100644 --- a/arch/x86/boot/boot.h +++ b/arch/x86/boot/boot.h @@ -26,9 +26,8 @@ #include #include #include "bitops.h" -#include -#include #include "ctype.h" +#include "cpuflags.h" /* Useful macros */ #define BUILD_BUG_ON(condition) ((void)sizeof(char[1 - 2*!!(condition)])) @@ -307,14 +306,7 @@ static inline int cmdline_find_option_bool(const char *option) return __cmdline_find_option_bool(cmd_line_ptr, option); } - /* cpu.c, cpucheck.c */ -struct cpu_features { - int level; /* Family, or 64 for x86-64 */ - int model; - u32 flags[NCAPINTS]; -}; -extern struct cpu_features cpu; int check_cpu(int *cpu_level_ptr, int *req_level_ptr, u32 **err_flags_ptr); int validate_cpu(void); diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile index dcd90df10ab4..3312f1be9fd9 100644 --- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile +++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ HOST_EXTRACFLAGS += -I$(srctree)/tools/include VMLINUX_OBJS = $(obj)/vmlinux.lds $(obj)/head_$(BITS).o $(obj)/misc.o \ $(obj)/string.o $(obj)/cmdline.o $(obj)/early_serial_console.o \ - $(obj)/piggy.o + $(obj)/piggy.o $(obj)/cpuflags.o $(obj)/eboot.o: KBUILD_CFLAGS += -fshort-wchar -mno-red-zone diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/cpuflags.c b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/cpuflags.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..931cba6a4bb0 --- /dev/null +++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/cpuflags.c @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +#ifdef CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE + +#include "../cpuflags.c" + +bool has_cpuflag(int flag) +{ + get_flags(); + + return test_bit(flag, cpu.flags); +} + +#endif diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/cpucheck.c b/arch/x86/boot/cpucheck.c index 4d3ff037201f..e1f3c166a512 100644 --- a/arch/x86/boot/cpucheck.c +++ b/arch/x86/boot/cpucheck.c @@ -28,8 +28,6 @@ #include #include -struct cpu_features cpu; -static u32 cpu_vendor[3]; static u32 err_flags[NCAPINTS]; static const int req_level = CONFIG_X86_MINIMUM_CPU_FAMILY; @@ -69,90 +67,6 @@ static int is_transmeta(void) cpu_vendor[2] == A32('M', 'x', '8', '6'); } -static int has_fpu(void) -{ - u16 fcw = -1, fsw = -1; - u32 cr0; - - asm("movl %%cr0,%0" : "=r" (cr0)); - if (cr0 & (X86_CR0_EM|X86_CR0_TS)) { - cr0 &= ~(X86_CR0_EM|X86_CR0_TS); - asm volatile("movl %0,%%cr0" : : "r" (cr0)); - } - - asm volatile("fninit ; fnstsw %0 ; fnstcw %1" - : "+m" (fsw), "+m" (fcw)); - - return fsw == 0 && (fcw & 0x103f) == 0x003f; -} - -static int has_eflag(u32 mask) -{ - u32 f0, f1; - - asm("pushfl ; " - "pushfl ; " - "popl %0 ; " - "movl %0,%1 ; " - "xorl %2,%1 ; " - "pushl %1 ; " - "popfl ; " - "pushfl ; " - "popl %1 ; " - "popfl" - : "=&r" (f0), "=&r" (f1) - : "ri" (mask)); - - return !!((f0^f1) & mask); -} - -static void get_flags(void) -{ - u32 max_intel_level, max_amd_level; - u32 tfms; - - if (has_fpu()) - set_bit(X86_FEATURE_FPU, cpu.flags); - - if (has_eflag(X86_EFLAGS_ID)) { - asm("cpuid" - : "=a" (max_intel_level), - "=b" (cpu_vendor[0]), - "=d" (cpu_vendor[1]), - "=c" (cpu_vendor[2]) - : "a" (0)); - - if (max_intel_level >= 0x00000001 && - max_intel_level <= 0x0000ffff) { - asm("cpuid" - : "=a" (tfms), - "=c" (cpu.flags[4]), - "=d" (cpu.flags[0]) - : "a" (0x00000001) - : "ebx"); - cpu.level = (tfms >> 8) & 15; - cpu.model = (tfms >> 4) & 15; - if (cpu.level >= 6) - cpu.model += ((tfms >> 16) & 0xf) << 4; - } - - asm("cpuid" - : "=a" (max_amd_level) - : "a" (0x80000000) - : "ebx", "ecx", "edx"); - - if (max_amd_level >= 0x80000001 && - max_amd_level <= 0x8000ffff) { - u32 eax = 0x80000001; - asm("cpuid" - : "+a" (eax), - "=c" (cpu.flags[6]), - "=d" (cpu.flags[1]) - : : "ebx"); - } - } -} - /* Returns a bitmask of which words we have error bits in */ static int check_flags(void) { diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/cpuflags.c b/arch/x86/boot/cpuflags.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..b02544a2bce0 --- /dev/null +++ b/arch/x86/boot/cpuflags.c @@ -0,0 +1,104 @@ +#include +#include "bitops.h" + +#include +#include +#include +#include "cpuflags.h" + +struct cpu_features cpu; +u32 cpu_vendor[3]; + +static bool loaded_flags; + +static int has_fpu(void) +{ + u16 fcw = -1, fsw = -1; + unsigned long cr0; + + asm volatile("mov %%cr0,%0" : "=r" (cr0)); + if (cr0 & (X86_CR0_EM|X86_CR0_TS)) { + cr0 &= ~(X86_CR0_EM|X86_CR0_TS); + asm volatile("mov %0,%%cr0" : : "r" (cr0)); + } + + asm volatile("fninit ; fnstsw %0 ; fnstcw %1" + : "+m" (fsw), "+m" (fcw)); + + return fsw == 0 && (fcw & 0x103f) == 0x003f; +} + +int has_eflag(unsigned long mask) +{ + unsigned long f0, f1; + + asm volatile("pushf \n\t" + "pushf \n\t" + "pop %0 \n\t" + "mov %0,%1 \n\t" + "xor %2,%1 \n\t" + "push %1 \n\t" + "popf \n\t" + "pushf \n\t" + "pop %1 \n\t" + "popf" + : "=&r" (f0), "=&r" (f1) + : "ri" (mask)); + + return !!((f0^f1) & mask); +} + +/* Handle x86_32 PIC using ebx. */ +#if defined(__i386__) && defined(__PIC__) +# define EBX_REG "=r" +#else +# define EBX_REG "=b" +#endif + +static inline void cpuid(u32 id, u32 *a, u32 *b, u32 *c, u32 *d) +{ + asm volatile(".ifnc %%ebx,%3 ; movl %%ebx,%3 ; .endif \n\t" + "cpuid \n\t" + ".ifnc %%ebx,%3 ; xchgl %%ebx,%3 ; .endif \n\t" + : "=a" (*a), "=c" (*c), "=d" (*d), EBX_REG (*b) + : "a" (id) + ); +} + +void get_flags(void) +{ + u32 max_intel_level, max_amd_level; + u32 tfms; + u32 ignored; + + if (loaded_flags) + return; + loaded_flags = true; + + if (has_fpu()) + set_bit(X86_FEATURE_FPU, cpu.flags); + + if (has_eflag(X86_EFLAGS_ID)) { + cpuid(0x0, &max_intel_level, &cpu_vendor[0], &cpu_vendor[2], + &cpu_vendor[1]); + + if (max_intel_level >= 0x00000001 && + max_intel_level <= 0x0000ffff) { + cpuid(0x1, &tfms, &ignored, &cpu.flags[4], + &cpu.flags[0]); + cpu.level = (tfms >> 8) & 15; + cpu.model = (tfms >> 4) & 15; + if (cpu.level >= 6) + cpu.model += ((tfms >> 16) & 0xf) << 4; + } + + cpuid(0x80000000, &max_amd_level, &ignored, &ignored, + &ignored); + + if (max_amd_level >= 0x80000001 && + max_amd_level <= 0x8000ffff) { + cpuid(0x80000001, &ignored, &ignored, &cpu.flags[6], + &cpu.flags[1]); + } + } +} diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/cpuflags.h b/arch/x86/boot/cpuflags.h new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..9bb4e25f7317 --- /dev/null +++ b/arch/x86/boot/cpuflags.h @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +#ifndef BOOT_CPUFLAGS_H +#define BOOT_CPUFLAGS_H + +#include +#include + +struct cpu_features { + int level; /* Family, or 64 for x86-64 */ + int model; + u32 flags[NCAPINTS]; +}; + +extern struct cpu_features cpu; +extern u32 cpu_vendor[3]; + +int has_eflag(unsigned long mask); +void get_flags(void); + +#endif -- cgit v1.2.3 From 8ab3820fd5b2896d66da7bb2a906bc382e63e7bc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Kees Cook Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2013 17:18:14 -0700 Subject: x86, kaslr: Return location from decompress_kernel This allows decompress_kernel to return a new location for the kernel to be relocated to. Additionally, enforces CONFIG_PHYSICAL_START as the minimum relocation position when building with CONFIG_RELOCATABLE. With CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE set, the choose_kernel_location routine will select a new location to decompress the kernel, though here it is presently a no-op. The kernel command line option "nokaslr" is introduced to bypass these routines. Signed-off-by: Kees Cook Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381450698-28710-3-git-send-email-keescook@chromium.org Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin --- arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile | 2 +- arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c | 23 +++++++++++++++++++++++ arch/x86/boot/compressed/cmdline.c | 2 +- arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_32.S | 10 ++++++---- arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_64.S | 16 ++++++++++------ arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.c | 8 ++++++-- arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.h | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++------ 7 files changed, 68 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-) create mode 100644 arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c (limited to 'arch/x86/boot') diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile index 3312f1be9fd9..ae8b5dbbd8c5 100644 --- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile +++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ HOST_EXTRACFLAGS += -I$(srctree)/tools/include VMLINUX_OBJS = $(obj)/vmlinux.lds $(obj)/head_$(BITS).o $(obj)/misc.o \ $(obj)/string.o $(obj)/cmdline.o $(obj)/early_serial_console.o \ - $(obj)/piggy.o $(obj)/cpuflags.o + $(obj)/piggy.o $(obj)/cpuflags.o $(obj)/aslr.o $(obj)/eboot.o: KBUILD_CFLAGS += -fshort-wchar -mno-red-zone diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..b73cc66d201e --- /dev/null +++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +#include "misc.h" + +#ifdef CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE + +unsigned char *choose_kernel_location(unsigned char *input, + unsigned long input_size, + unsigned char *output, + unsigned long output_size) +{ + unsigned long choice = (unsigned long)output; + + if (cmdline_find_option_bool("nokaslr")) { + debug_putstr("KASLR disabled...\n"); + goto out; + } + + /* XXX: choose random location. */ + +out: + return (unsigned char *)choice; +} + +#endif /* CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE */ diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/cmdline.c b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/cmdline.c index bffd73b45b1f..b68e3033e6b9 100644 --- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/cmdline.c +++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/cmdline.c @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ #include "misc.h" -#ifdef CONFIG_EARLY_PRINTK +#if CONFIG_EARLY_PRINTK || CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE static unsigned long fs; static inline void set_fs(unsigned long seg) diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_32.S b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_32.S index 5d6f6891b188..9116aac232c7 100644 --- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_32.S +++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_32.S @@ -117,9 +117,11 @@ preferred_addr: addl %eax, %ebx notl %eax andl %eax, %ebx -#else - movl $LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR, %ebx + cmpl $LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR, %ebx + jge 1f #endif + movl $LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR, %ebx +1: /* Target address to relocate to for decompression */ addl $z_extract_offset, %ebx @@ -191,14 +193,14 @@ relocated: leal boot_heap(%ebx), %eax pushl %eax /* heap area */ pushl %esi /* real mode pointer */ - call decompress_kernel + call decompress_kernel /* returns kernel location in %eax */ addl $24, %esp /* * Jump to the decompressed kernel. */ xorl %ebx, %ebx - jmp *%ebp + jmp *%eax /* * Stack and heap for uncompression diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_64.S b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_64.S index c337422b575d..c5c1ae0997e7 100644 --- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_64.S +++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_64.S @@ -94,9 +94,11 @@ ENTRY(startup_32) addl %eax, %ebx notl %eax andl %eax, %ebx -#else - movl $LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR, %ebx + cmpl $LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR, %ebx + jge 1f #endif + movl $LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR, %ebx +1: /* Target address to relocate to for decompression */ addl $z_extract_offset, %ebx @@ -269,9 +271,11 @@ preferred_addr: addq %rax, %rbp notq %rax andq %rax, %rbp -#else - movq $LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR, %rbp + cmpq $LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR, %rbp + jge 1f #endif + movq $LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR, %rbp +1: /* Target address to relocate to for decompression */ leaq z_extract_offset(%rbp), %rbx @@ -339,13 +343,13 @@ relocated: movl $z_input_len, %ecx /* input_len */ movq %rbp, %r8 /* output target address */ movq $z_output_len, %r9 /* decompressed length */ - call decompress_kernel + call decompress_kernel /* returns kernel location in %rax */ popq %rsi /* * Jump to the decompressed kernel. */ - jmp *%rbp + jmp *%rax .code32 no_longmode: diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.c b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.c index 434f077d2c4d..71387685dc16 100644 --- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.c +++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.c @@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ static void parse_elf(void *output) free(phdrs); } -asmlinkage void decompress_kernel(void *rmode, memptr heap, +asmlinkage void *decompress_kernel(void *rmode, memptr heap, unsigned char *input_data, unsigned long input_len, unsigned char *output, @@ -422,6 +422,10 @@ asmlinkage void decompress_kernel(void *rmode, memptr heap, free_mem_ptr = heap; /* Heap */ free_mem_end_ptr = heap + BOOT_HEAP_SIZE; + output = choose_kernel_location(input_data, input_len, + output, output_len); + + /* Validate memory location choices. */ if ((unsigned long)output & (MIN_KERNEL_ALIGN - 1)) error("Destination address inappropriately aligned"); #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64 @@ -441,5 +445,5 @@ asmlinkage void decompress_kernel(void *rmode, memptr heap, parse_elf(output); handle_relocations(output, output_len); debug_putstr("done.\nBooting the kernel.\n"); - return; + return output; } diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.h b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.h index 674019d8e235..9077af7fd0b8 100644 --- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.h +++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.h @@ -39,23 +39,38 @@ static inline void debug_putstr(const char *s) #endif -#ifdef CONFIG_EARLY_PRINTK - +#if CONFIG_EARLY_PRINTK || CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE /* cmdline.c */ int cmdline_find_option(const char *option, char *buffer, int bufsize); int cmdline_find_option_bool(const char *option); +#endif -/* early_serial_console.c */ -extern int early_serial_base; -void console_init(void); +#if CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE +/* aslr.c */ +unsigned char *choose_kernel_location(unsigned char *input, + unsigned long input_size, + unsigned char *output, + unsigned long output_size); #else +static inline +unsigned char *choose_kernel_location(unsigned char *input, + unsigned long input_size, + unsigned char *output, + unsigned long output_size) +{ + return output; +} +#endif +#ifdef CONFIG_EARLY_PRINTK /* early_serial_console.c */ +extern int early_serial_base; +void console_init(void); +#else static const int early_serial_base; static inline void console_init(void) { } - #endif #endif -- cgit v1.2.3 From 5bfce5ef55cbe78ee2ee6e97f2e26a8a582008f3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Kees Cook Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2013 17:18:15 -0700 Subject: x86, kaslr: Provide randomness functions Adds potential sources of randomness: RDRAND, RDTSC, or the i8254. This moves the pre-alternatives inline rdrand function into the header so both pieces of code can use it. Availability of RDRAND is then controlled by CONFIG_ARCH_RANDOM, if someone wants to disable it even for kASLR. Signed-off-by: Kees Cook Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381450698-28710-4-git-send-email-keescook@chromium.org Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin --- arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c | 53 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.h | 2 ++ 2 files changed, 55 insertions(+) (limited to 'arch/x86/boot') diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c index b73cc66d201e..14b24e0e5496 100644 --- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c +++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c @@ -1,6 +1,59 @@ #include "misc.h" #ifdef CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE +#include +#include + +#define I8254_PORT_CONTROL 0x43 +#define I8254_PORT_COUNTER0 0x40 +#define I8254_CMD_READBACK 0xC0 +#define I8254_SELECT_COUNTER0 0x02 +#define I8254_STATUS_NOTREADY 0x40 +static inline u16 i8254(void) +{ + u16 status, timer; + + do { + outb(I8254_PORT_CONTROL, + I8254_CMD_READBACK | I8254_SELECT_COUNTER0); + status = inb(I8254_PORT_COUNTER0); + timer = inb(I8254_PORT_COUNTER0); + timer |= inb(I8254_PORT_COUNTER0) << 8; + } while (status & I8254_STATUS_NOTREADY); + + return timer; +} + +static unsigned long get_random_long(void) +{ + unsigned long random; + + if (has_cpuflag(X86_FEATURE_RDRAND)) { + debug_putstr("KASLR using RDRAND...\n"); + if (rdrand_long(&random)) + return random; + } + + if (has_cpuflag(X86_FEATURE_TSC)) { + uint32_t raw; + + debug_putstr("KASLR using RDTSC...\n"); + rdtscl(raw); + + /* Only use the low bits of rdtsc. */ + random = raw & 0xffff; + } else { + debug_putstr("KASLR using i8254...\n"); + random = i8254(); + } + + /* Extend timer bits poorly... */ + random |= (random << 16); +#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64 + random |= (random << 32); +#endif + return random; +} unsigned char *choose_kernel_location(unsigned char *input, unsigned long input_size, diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.h b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.h index 9077af7fd0b8..0782eb0b6e30 100644 --- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.h +++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.h @@ -52,6 +52,8 @@ unsigned char *choose_kernel_location(unsigned char *input, unsigned long input_size, unsigned char *output, unsigned long output_size); +/* cpuflags.c */ +bool has_cpuflag(int flag); #else static inline unsigned char *choose_kernel_location(unsigned char *input, -- cgit v1.2.3 From 82fa9637a2ba285bcc7c5050c73010b2c1b3d803 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Kees Cook Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2013 17:18:16 -0700 Subject: x86, kaslr: Select random position from e820 maps Counts available alignment positions across all e820 maps, and chooses one randomly for the new kernel base address, making sure not to collide with unsafe memory areas. Signed-off-by: Kees Cook Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381450698-28710-5-git-send-email-keescook@chromium.org Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin --- arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c | 193 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.c | 10 +-- arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.h | 8 ++ 3 files changed, 202 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) (limited to 'arch/x86/boot') diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c index 14b24e0e5496..05957986d123 100644 --- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c +++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c @@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ #ifdef CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE #include #include +#include #define I8254_PORT_CONTROL 0x43 #define I8254_PORT_COUNTER0 0x40 @@ -55,20 +56,210 @@ static unsigned long get_random_long(void) return random; } +struct mem_vector { + unsigned long start; + unsigned long size; +}; + +#define MEM_AVOID_MAX 5 +struct mem_vector mem_avoid[MEM_AVOID_MAX]; + +static bool mem_contains(struct mem_vector *region, struct mem_vector *item) +{ + /* Item at least partially before region. */ + if (item->start < region->start) + return false; + /* Item at least partially after region. */ + if (item->start + item->size > region->start + region->size) + return false; + return true; +} + +static bool mem_overlaps(struct mem_vector *one, struct mem_vector *two) +{ + /* Item one is entirely before item two. */ + if (one->start + one->size <= two->start) + return false; + /* Item one is entirely after item two. */ + if (one->start >= two->start + two->size) + return false; + return true; +} + +static void mem_avoid_init(unsigned long input, unsigned long input_size, + unsigned long output, unsigned long output_size) +{ + u64 initrd_start, initrd_size; + u64 cmd_line, cmd_line_size; + unsigned long unsafe, unsafe_len; + char *ptr; + + /* + * Avoid the region that is unsafe to overlap during + * decompression (see calculations at top of misc.c). + */ + unsafe_len = (output_size >> 12) + 32768 + 18; + unsafe = (unsigned long)input + input_size - unsafe_len; + mem_avoid[0].start = unsafe; + mem_avoid[0].size = unsafe_len; + + /* Avoid initrd. */ + initrd_start = (u64)real_mode->ext_ramdisk_image << 32; + initrd_start |= real_mode->hdr.ramdisk_image; + initrd_size = (u64)real_mode->ext_ramdisk_size << 32; + initrd_size |= real_mode->hdr.ramdisk_size; + mem_avoid[1].start = initrd_start; + mem_avoid[1].size = initrd_size; + + /* Avoid kernel command line. */ + cmd_line = (u64)real_mode->ext_cmd_line_ptr << 32; + cmd_line |= real_mode->hdr.cmd_line_ptr; + /* Calculate size of cmd_line. */ + ptr = (char *)(unsigned long)cmd_line; + for (cmd_line_size = 0; ptr[cmd_line_size++]; ) + ; + mem_avoid[2].start = cmd_line; + mem_avoid[2].size = cmd_line_size; + + /* Avoid heap memory. */ + mem_avoid[3].start = (unsigned long)free_mem_ptr; + mem_avoid[3].size = BOOT_HEAP_SIZE; + + /* Avoid stack memory. */ + mem_avoid[4].start = (unsigned long)free_mem_end_ptr; + mem_avoid[4].size = BOOT_STACK_SIZE; +} + +/* Does this memory vector overlap a known avoided area? */ +bool mem_avoid_overlap(struct mem_vector *img) +{ + int i; + + for (i = 0; i < MEM_AVOID_MAX; i++) { + if (mem_overlaps(img, &mem_avoid[i])) + return true; + } + + return false; +} + +unsigned long slots[CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE_MAX_OFFSET / CONFIG_PHYSICAL_ALIGN]; +unsigned long slot_max = 0; + +static void slots_append(unsigned long addr) +{ + /* Overflowing the slots list should be impossible. */ + if (slot_max >= CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE_MAX_OFFSET / + CONFIG_PHYSICAL_ALIGN) + return; + + slots[slot_max++] = addr; +} + +static unsigned long slots_fetch_random(void) +{ + /* Handle case of no slots stored. */ + if (slot_max == 0) + return 0; + + return slots[get_random_long() % slot_max]; +} + +static void process_e820_entry(struct e820entry *entry, + unsigned long minimum, + unsigned long image_size) +{ + struct mem_vector region, img; + + /* Skip non-RAM entries. */ + if (entry->type != E820_RAM) + return; + + /* Ignore entries entirely above our maximum. */ + if (entry->addr >= CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE_MAX_OFFSET) + return; + + /* Ignore entries entirely below our minimum. */ + if (entry->addr + entry->size < minimum) + return; + + region.start = entry->addr; + region.size = entry->size; + + /* Potentially raise address to minimum location. */ + if (region.start < minimum) + region.start = minimum; + + /* Potentially raise address to meet alignment requirements. */ + region.start = ALIGN(region.start, CONFIG_PHYSICAL_ALIGN); + + /* Did we raise the address above the bounds of this e820 region? */ + if (region.start > entry->addr + entry->size) + return; + + /* Reduce size by any delta from the original address. */ + region.size -= region.start - entry->addr; + + /* Reduce maximum size to fit end of image within maximum limit. */ + if (region.start + region.size > CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE_MAX_OFFSET) + region.size = CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE_MAX_OFFSET - region.start; + + /* Walk each aligned slot and check for avoided areas. */ + for (img.start = region.start, img.size = image_size ; + mem_contains(®ion, &img) ; + img.start += CONFIG_PHYSICAL_ALIGN) { + if (mem_avoid_overlap(&img)) + continue; + slots_append(img.start); + } +} + +static unsigned long find_random_addr(unsigned long minimum, + unsigned long size) +{ + int i; + unsigned long addr; + + /* Make sure minimum is aligned. */ + minimum = ALIGN(minimum, CONFIG_PHYSICAL_ALIGN); + + /* Verify potential e820 positions, appending to slots list. */ + for (i = 0; i < real_mode->e820_entries; i++) { + process_e820_entry(&real_mode->e820_map[i], minimum, size); + } + + return slots_fetch_random(); +} + unsigned char *choose_kernel_location(unsigned char *input, unsigned long input_size, unsigned char *output, unsigned long output_size) { unsigned long choice = (unsigned long)output; + unsigned long random; if (cmdline_find_option_bool("nokaslr")) { debug_putstr("KASLR disabled...\n"); goto out; } - /* XXX: choose random location. */ + /* Record the various known unsafe memory ranges. */ + mem_avoid_init((unsigned long)input, input_size, + (unsigned long)output, output_size); + + /* Walk e820 and find a random address. */ + random = find_random_addr(choice, output_size); + if (!random) { + debug_putstr("KASLR could not find suitable E820 region...\n"); + goto out; + } + + /* Always enforce the minimum. */ + if (random < choice) + goto out; + choice = random; out: return (unsigned char *)choice; } diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.c b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.c index 71387685dc16..196eaf373a06 100644 --- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.c +++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.c @@ -112,14 +112,8 @@ struct boot_params *real_mode; /* Pointer to real-mode data */ void *memset(void *s, int c, size_t n); void *memcpy(void *dest, const void *src, size_t n); -#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64 -#define memptr long -#else -#define memptr unsigned -#endif - -static memptr free_mem_ptr; -static memptr free_mem_end_ptr; +memptr free_mem_ptr; +memptr free_mem_end_ptr; static char *vidmem; static int vidport; diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.h b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.h index 0782eb0b6e30..24e3e569a13c 100644 --- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.h +++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.h @@ -23,7 +23,15 @@ #define BOOT_BOOT_H #include "../ctype.h" +#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64 +#define memptr long +#else +#define memptr unsigned +#endif + /* misc.c */ +extern memptr free_mem_ptr; +extern memptr free_mem_end_ptr; extern struct boot_params *real_mode; /* Pointer to real-mode data */ void __putstr(const char *s); #define error_putstr(__x) __putstr(__x) -- cgit v1.2.3 From 6e6a4932b0f569b1a5bb4fcbf5dde1b1a42f01bb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "H. Peter Anvin" Date: Sun, 13 Oct 2013 04:08:56 -0700 Subject: x86, boot: Rename get_flags() and check_flags() to *_cpuflags() When a function is used in more than one file it may not be possible to immediately tell from context what the intended meaning is. As such, it is more important that the naming be self-evident. Thus, change get_flags() to get_cpuflags(). For consistency, change check_flags() to check_cpuflags() even though it is only used in cpucheck.c. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381450698-28710-2-git-send-email-keescook@chromium.org Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin --- arch/x86/boot/compressed/cpuflags.c | 2 +- arch/x86/boot/cpucheck.c | 14 +++++++------- arch/x86/boot/cpuflags.c | 2 +- arch/x86/boot/cpuflags.h | 2 +- 4 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) (limited to 'arch/x86/boot') diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/cpuflags.c b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/cpuflags.c index 931cba6a4bb0..aa313466118b 100644 --- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/cpuflags.c +++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/cpuflags.c @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ bool has_cpuflag(int flag) { - get_flags(); + get_cpuflags(); return test_bit(flag, cpu.flags); } diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/cpucheck.c b/arch/x86/boot/cpucheck.c index e1f3c166a512..100a9a10076a 100644 --- a/arch/x86/boot/cpucheck.c +++ b/arch/x86/boot/cpucheck.c @@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ static int is_transmeta(void) } /* Returns a bitmask of which words we have error bits in */ -static int check_flags(void) +static int check_cpuflags(void) { u32 err; int i; @@ -101,8 +101,8 @@ int check_cpu(int *cpu_level_ptr, int *req_level_ptr, u32 **err_flags_ptr) if (has_eflag(X86_EFLAGS_AC)) cpu.level = 4; - get_flags(); - err = check_flags(); + get_cpuflags(); + err = check_cpuflags(); if (test_bit(X86_FEATURE_LM, cpu.flags)) cpu.level = 64; @@ -121,8 +121,8 @@ int check_cpu(int *cpu_level_ptr, int *req_level_ptr, u32 **err_flags_ptr) eax &= ~(1 << 15); asm("wrmsr" : : "a" (eax), "d" (edx), "c" (ecx)); - get_flags(); /* Make sure it really did something */ - err = check_flags(); + get_cpuflags(); /* Make sure it really did something */ + err = check_cpuflags(); } else if (err == 0x01 && !(err_flags[0] & ~(1 << X86_FEATURE_CX8)) && is_centaur() && cpu.model >= 6) { @@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ int check_cpu(int *cpu_level_ptr, int *req_level_ptr, u32 **err_flags_ptr) asm("wrmsr" : : "a" (eax), "d" (edx), "c" (ecx)); set_bit(X86_FEATURE_CX8, cpu.flags); - err = check_flags(); + err = check_cpuflags(); } else if (err == 0x01 && is_transmeta()) { /* Transmeta might have masked feature bits in word 0 */ @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ int check_cpu(int *cpu_level_ptr, int *req_level_ptr, u32 **err_flags_ptr) : : "ecx", "ebx"); asm("wrmsr" : : "a" (eax), "d" (edx), "c" (ecx)); - err = check_flags(); + err = check_cpuflags(); } if (err_flags_ptr) diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/cpuflags.c b/arch/x86/boot/cpuflags.c index b02544a2bce0..a9fcb7cfb241 100644 --- a/arch/x86/boot/cpuflags.c +++ b/arch/x86/boot/cpuflags.c @@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ static inline void cpuid(u32 id, u32 *a, u32 *b, u32 *c, u32 *d) ); } -void get_flags(void) +void get_cpuflags(void) { u32 max_intel_level, max_amd_level; u32 tfms; diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/cpuflags.h b/arch/x86/boot/cpuflags.h index 9bb4e25f7317..ea97697e51e4 100644 --- a/arch/x86/boot/cpuflags.h +++ b/arch/x86/boot/cpuflags.h @@ -14,6 +14,6 @@ extern struct cpu_features cpu; extern u32 cpu_vendor[3]; int has_eflag(unsigned long mask); -void get_flags(void); +void get_cpuflags(void); #endif -- cgit v1.2.3 From a653f3563c51c7bb7de63d607bef09d3baddaeb8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Kees Cook Date: Mon, 11 Nov 2013 14:28:39 -0800 Subject: x86, kaslr: Mix entropy sources together as needed Depending on availability, mix the RDRAND and RDTSC entropy together with XOR. Only when neither is available should the i8254 be used. Update the Kconfig documentation to reflect this. Additionally, since bits used for entropy is masked elsewhere, drop the needless masking in the get_random_long(). Similarly, use the entire TSC, not just the low 32 bits. Finally, to improve the starting entropy, do a simple hashing of a build-time versions string and the boot-time boot_params structure for some additional level of unpredictability. Signed-off-by: Kees Cook Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20131111222839.GA28616@www.outflux.net Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin --- arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c | 73 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 56 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-) (limited to 'arch/x86/boot') diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c index 05957986d123..8746487fa916 100644 --- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c +++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c @@ -5,6 +5,17 @@ #include #include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include + +/* Simplified build-specific string for starting entropy. */ +static const char *build_str = UTS_RELEASE " (" LINUX_COMPILE_BY "@" + LINUX_COMPILE_HOST ") (" LINUX_COMPILER ") " UTS_VERSION; + #define I8254_PORT_CONTROL 0x43 #define I8254_PORT_COUNTER0 0x40 #define I8254_CMD_READBACK 0xC0 @@ -25,34 +36,62 @@ static inline u16 i8254(void) return timer; } +static unsigned long rotate_xor(unsigned long hash, const void *area, + size_t size) +{ + size_t i; + unsigned long *ptr = (unsigned long *)area; + + for (i = 0; i < size / sizeof(hash); i++) { + /* Rotate by odd number of bits and XOR. */ + hash = (hash << ((sizeof(hash) * 8) - 7)) | (hash >> 7); + hash ^= ptr[i]; + } + + return hash; +} + +/* Attempt to create a simple but unpredictable starting entropy. */ +static unsigned long get_random_boot(void) +{ + unsigned long hash = 0; + + hash = rotate_xor(hash, build_str, sizeof(build_str)); + hash = rotate_xor(hash, real_mode, sizeof(*real_mode)); + + return hash; +} + static unsigned long get_random_long(void) { - unsigned long random; + unsigned long raw, random = get_random_boot(); + bool use_i8254 = true; + + debug_putstr("KASLR using"); if (has_cpuflag(X86_FEATURE_RDRAND)) { - debug_putstr("KASLR using RDRAND...\n"); - if (rdrand_long(&random)) - return random; + debug_putstr(" RDRAND"); + if (rdrand_long(&raw)) { + random ^= raw; + use_i8254 = false; + } } if (has_cpuflag(X86_FEATURE_TSC)) { - uint32_t raw; + debug_putstr(" RDTSC"); + rdtscll(raw); - debug_putstr("KASLR using RDTSC...\n"); - rdtscl(raw); + random ^= raw; + use_i8254 = false; + } - /* Only use the low bits of rdtsc. */ - random = raw & 0xffff; - } else { - debug_putstr("KASLR using i8254...\n"); - random = i8254(); + if (use_i8254) { + debug_putstr(" i8254"); + random ^= i8254(); } - /* Extend timer bits poorly... */ - random |= (random << 16); -#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64 - random |= (random << 32); -#endif + debug_putstr("...\n"); + return random; } -- cgit v1.2.3 From e8236c4d9338d52d0f2fcecc0b792ac0542e4ee9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "H. Peter Anvin" Date: Mon, 11 Nov 2013 22:45:20 -0800 Subject: x86, kaslr: Add a circular multiply for better bit diffusion If we don't have RDRAND (in which case nothing else *should* matter), most sources have a highly biased entropy distribution. Use a circular multiply to diffuse the entropic bits. A circular multiply is a good operation for this: it is cheap on standard hardware and because it is symmetric (unlike an ordinary multiply) it doesn't introduce its own bias. Cc: Kees Cook Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20131111222839.GA28616@www.outflux.net --- arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c | 11 +++++++++++ 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+) (limited to 'arch/x86/boot') diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c index 8746487fa916..38a07cc4fbac 100644 --- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c +++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c @@ -64,6 +64,11 @@ static unsigned long get_random_boot(void) static unsigned long get_random_long(void) { +#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64 + const unsigned long mix_const = 0x5d6008cbf3848dd3UL; +#else + const unsigned long mix_const = 0x3f39e593UL; +#endif unsigned long raw, random = get_random_boot(); bool use_i8254 = true; @@ -90,6 +95,12 @@ static unsigned long get_random_long(void) random ^= i8254(); } + /* Circular multiply for better bit diffusion */ + asm("mul %3" + : "=a" (random), "=d" (raw) + : "a" (random), "rm" (mix_const)); + random += raw; + debug_putstr("...\n"); return random; -- cgit v1.2.3 From 327f7d72454aecdc7a4a1c847a291a3f224b730f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Kees Cook Date: Tue, 12 Nov 2013 08:56:07 -0800 Subject: x86, kaslr: Use char array to gain sizeof sanity The build_str needs to be char [] not char * for the sizeof() to report the string length. Reported-by: Mathias Krause Signed-off-by: Kees Cook Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20131112165607.GA5921@www.outflux.net Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin --- arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) (limited to 'arch/x86/boot') diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c index 38a07cc4fbac..84be1752dcd8 100644 --- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c +++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ #include /* Simplified build-specific string for starting entropy. */ -static const char *build_str = UTS_RELEASE " (" LINUX_COMPILE_BY "@" +static const char build_str[] = UTS_RELEASE " (" LINUX_COMPILE_BY "@" LINUX_COMPILE_HOST ") (" LINUX_COMPILER ") " UTS_VERSION; #define I8254_PORT_CONTROL 0x43 -- cgit v1.2.3 From 456a29ddada79198c5965300e04103c40c481f62 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Dave Young Date: Fri, 20 Dec 2013 18:02:20 +0800 Subject: x86: Add xloadflags bit for EFI runtime support on kexec Old kexec-tools can not load new kernels. The reason is kexec-tools does not fill efi_info in x86 setup header previously, thus EFI failed to initialize. In new kexec-tools it will by default to fill efi_info and pass other EFI required infomation to 2nd kernel so kexec kernel EFI initialization can succeed finally. To prevent from breaking userspace, add a new xloadflags bit so kexec-tools can check the flag and switch to old logic. Signed-off-by: Dave Young Acked-by: Borislav Petkov Tested-by: Toshi Kani Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming --- arch/x86/boot/header.S | 9 ++++++++- 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) (limited to 'arch/x86/boot') diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/header.S b/arch/x86/boot/header.S index 9ec06a1f6d61..ec3b8ba68096 100644 --- a/arch/x86/boot/header.S +++ b/arch/x86/boot/header.S @@ -391,7 +391,14 @@ xloadflags: #else # define XLF23 0 #endif - .word XLF0 | XLF1 | XLF23 + +#if defined(CONFIG_X86_64) && defined(CONFIG_EFI) && defined(CONFIG_KEXEC) +# define XLF4 XLF_EFI_KEXEC +#else +# define XLF4 0 +#endif + + .word XLF0 | XLF1 | XLF23 | XLF4 cmdline_size: .long COMMAND_LINE_SIZE-1 #length of the command line, #added with boot protocol -- cgit v1.2.3 From 19259943f0954dcd1817f94776376bf51c6a46d5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Wei Yongjun Date: Sat, 7 Dec 2013 21:02:36 +0800 Subject: x86, kaslr: Remove unused including Remove including that don't need it. Signed-off-by: Wei Yongjun Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/CAPgLHd-Fjx1RybjWFAu1vHRfTvhWwMLL3x46BouC5uNxHPjy1A@mail.gmail.com Acked-by: Kees Cook Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin --- arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c | 1 - 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-) (limited to 'arch/x86/boot') diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c index 84be1752dcd8..90a21f430117 100644 --- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c +++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c @@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ #include #include #include -#include /* Simplified build-specific string for starting entropy. */ static const char build_str[] = UTS_RELEASE " (" LINUX_COMPILE_BY "@" -- cgit v1.2.3