aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/mm/percpu.c
blob: 93b5a7c96a7e8ca250006e8436a8bb8429337a69 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
/*
 * mm/percpu.c - percpu memory allocator
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2009		SUSE Linux Products GmbH
 * Copyright (C) 2009		Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
 *
 * This file is released under the GPLv2.
 *
 * This is percpu allocator which can handle both static and dynamic
 * areas.  Percpu areas are allocated in chunks.  Each chunk is
 * consisted of boot-time determined number of units and the first
 * chunk is used for static percpu variables in the kernel image
 * (special boot time alloc/init handling necessary as these areas
 * need to be brought up before allocation services are running).
 * Unit grows as necessary and all units grow or shrink in unison.
 * When a chunk is filled up, another chunk is allocated.
 *
 *  c0                           c1                         c2
 *  -------------------          -------------------        ------------
 * | u0 | u1 | u2 | u3 |        | u0 | u1 | u2 | u3 |      | u0 | u1 | u
 *  -------------------  ......  -------------------  ....  ------------
 *
 * Allocation is done in offset-size areas of single unit space.  Ie,
 * an area of 512 bytes at 6k in c1 occupies 512 bytes at 6k of c1:u0,
 * c1:u1, c1:u2 and c1:u3.  On UMA, units corresponds directly to
 * cpus.  On NUMA, the mapping can be non-linear and even sparse.
 * Percpu access can be done by configuring percpu base registers
 * according to cpu to unit mapping and pcpu_unit_size.
 *
 * There are usually many small percpu allocations many of them being
 * as small as 4 bytes.  The allocator organizes chunks into lists
 * according to free size and tries to allocate from the fullest one.
 * Each chunk keeps the maximum contiguous area size hint which is
 * guaranteed to be equal to or larger than the maximum contiguous
 * area in the chunk.  This helps the allocator not to iterate the
 * chunk maps unnecessarily.
 *
 * Allocation state in each chunk is kept using an array of integers
 * on chunk->map.  A positive value in the map represents a free
 * region and negative allocated.  Allocation inside a chunk is done
 * by scanning this map sequentially and serving the first matching
 * entry.  This is mostly copied from the percpu_modalloc() allocator.
 * Chunks can be determined from the address using the index field
 * in the page struct. The index field contains a pointer to the chunk.
 *
 * To use this allocator, arch code should do the followings.
 *
 * - define __addr_to_pcpu_ptr() and __pcpu_ptr_to_addr() to translate
 *   regular address to percpu pointer and back if they need to be
 *   different from the default
 *
 * - use pcpu_setup_first_chunk() during percpu area initialization to
 *   setup the first chunk containing the kernel static percpu area
 */

#include <linux/bitmap.h>
#include <linux/bootmem.h>
#include <linux/err.h>
#include <linux/list.h>
#include <linux/log2.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/percpu.h>
#include <linux/pfn.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <linux/workqueue.h>

#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
#include <asm/sections.h>
#include <asm/tlbflush.h>
#include <asm/io.h>

#define PCPU_SLOT_BASE_SHIFT		5	/* 1-31 shares the same slot */
#define PCPU_DFL_MAP_ALLOC		16	/* start a map with 16 ents */

#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
/* default addr <-> pcpu_ptr mapping, override in asm/percpu.h if necessary */
#ifndef __addr_to_pcpu_ptr
#define __addr_to_pcpu_ptr(addr)					\
	(void __percpu *)((unsigned long)(addr) -			\
			  (unsigned long)pcpu_base_addr	+		\
			  (unsigned long)__per_cpu_start)
#endif
#ifndef __pcpu_ptr_to_addr
#define __pcpu_ptr_to_addr(ptr)						\
	(void __force *)((unsigned long)(ptr) +				\
			 (unsigned long)pcpu_base_addr -		\
			 (unsigned long)__per_cpu_start)
#endif
#else	/* CONFIG_SMP */
/* on UP, it's always identity mapped */
#define __addr_to_pcpu_ptr(addr)	(void __percpu *)(addr)
#define __pcpu_ptr_to_addr(ptr)		(void __force *)(ptr)
#endif	/* CONFIG_SMP */

struct pcpu_chunk {
	struct list_head	list;		/* linked to pcpu_slot lists */
	int			free_size;	/* free bytes in the chunk */
	int			contig_hint;	/* max contiguous size hint */
	void			*base_addr;	/* base address of this chunk */
	int			map_used;	/* # of map entries used */
	int			map_alloc;	/* # of map entries allocated */
	int			*map;		/* allocation map */
	void			*data;		/* chunk data */
	bool			immutable;	/* no [de]population allowed */
	unsigned long		populated[];	/* populated bitmap */
};

static int pcpu_unit_pages __read_mostly;
static int pcpu_unit_size __read_mostly;
static int pcpu_nr_units __read_mostly;
static int pcpu_atom_size __read_mostly;
static int pcpu_nr_slots __read_mostly;
static size_t pcpu_chunk_struct_size __read_mostly;

/* cpus with the lowest and highest unit addresses */
static unsigned int pcpu_low_unit_cpu __read_mostly;
static unsigned int pcpu_high_unit_cpu __read_mostly;

/* the address of the first chunk which starts with the kernel static area */
void *pcpu_base_addr __read_mostly;
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pcpu_base_addr);

static const int *pcpu_unit_map __read_mostly;		/* cpu -> unit */
const unsigned long *pcpu_unit_offsets __read_mostly;	/* cpu -> unit offset */

/* group information, used for vm allocation */
static int pcpu_nr_groups __read_mostly;
static const unsigned long *pcpu_group_offsets __read_mostly;
static const size_t *pcpu_group_sizes __read_mostly;

/*
 * The first chunk which always exists.  Note that unlike other
 * chunks, this one can be allocated and mapped in several different
 * ways and thus often doesn't live in the vmalloc area.
 */
static struct pcpu_chunk *pcpu_first_chunk;

/*
 * Optional reserved chunk.  This chunk reserves part of the first
 * chunk and serves it for reserved allocations.  The amount of
 * reserved offset is in pcpu_reserved_chunk_limit.  When reserved
 * area doesn't exist, the following variables contain NULL and 0
 * respectively.
 */
static struct pcpu_chunk *pcpu_reserved_chunk;
static int pcpu_reserved_chunk_limit;

/*
 * Synchronization rules.
 *
 * There are two locks - pcpu_alloc_mutex and pcpu_lock.  The former
 * protects allocation/reclaim paths, chunks, populated bitmap and
 * vmalloc mapping.  The latter is a spinlock and protects the index
 * data structures - chunk slots, chunks and area maps in chunks.
 *
 * During allocation, pcpu_alloc_mutex is kept locked all the time and
 * pcpu_lock is grabbed and released as necessary.  All actual memory
 * allocations are done using GFP_KERNEL with pcpu_lock released.  In
 * general, percpu memory can't be allocated with irq off but
 * irqsave/restore are still used in alloc path so that it can be used
 * from early init path - sched_init() specifically.
 *
 * Free path accesses and alters only the index data structures, so it
 * can be safely called from atomic context.  When memory needs to be
 * returned to the system, free path schedules reclaim_work which
 * grabs both pcpu_alloc_mutex and pcpu_lock, unlinks chunks to be
 * reclaimed, release both locks and frees the chunks.  Note that it's
 * necessary to grab both locks to remove a chunk from circulation as
 * allocation path might be referencing the chunk with only
 * pcpu_alloc_mutex locked.
 */
static DEFINE_MUTEX(pcpu_alloc_mutex);	/* protects whole alloc and reclaim */
static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(pcpu_lock);	/* protects index data structures */

static struct list_head *pcpu_slot __read_mostly; /* chunk list slots */

/* reclaim work to release fully free chunks, scheduled from free path */
static void pcpu_reclaim(struct work_struct *work);
static DECLARE_WORK(pcpu_reclaim_work, pcpu_reclaim);

static bool pcpu_addr_in_first_chunk(void *addr)
{
	void *first_start = pcpu_first_chunk->base_addr;

	return addr >= first_start && addr < first_start + pcpu_unit_size;
}

static bool pcpu_addr_in_reserved_chunk(void *addr)
{
	void *first_start = pcpu_first_chunk->base_addr;

	return addr >= first_start &&
		addr < first_start + pcpu_reserved_chunk_limit;
}

static int __pcpu_size_to_slot(int size)
{
	int highbit = fls(size);	/* size is in bytes */
	return max(highbit - PCPU_SLOT_BASE_SHIFT + 2, 1);
}

static int pcpu_size_to_slot(int size)
{
	if (size == pcpu_unit_size)
		return pcpu_nr_slots - 1;
	return __pcpu_size_to_slot(size);
}

static int pcpu_chunk_slot(const struct pcpu_chunk *chunk)
{
	if (chunk->free_size < sizeof(int) || chunk->contig_hint < sizeof(int))
		return 0;

	return pcpu_size_to_slot(chunk->free_size);
}

/* set the pointer to a chunk in a page struct */
static void pcpu_set_page_chunk(struct page *page, struct pcpu_chunk *pcpu)
{
	page->index = (unsigned long)pcpu;
}

/* obtain pointer to a chunk from a page struct */
static struct pcpu_chunk *pcpu_get_page_chunk(struct page *page)
{
	return (struct pcpu_chunk *)page->index;
}

static int __maybe_unused pcpu_page_idx(unsigned int cpu, int page_idx)
{
	return pcpu_unit_map[cpu] * pcpu_unit_pages + page_idx;
}

static unsigned long pcpu_chunk_addr(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk,
				     unsigned int cpu, int page_idx)
{
	return (unsigned long)chunk->base_addr + pcpu_unit_offsets[cpu] +
		(page_idx << PAGE_SHIFT);
}

static void __maybe_unused pcpu_next_unpop(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk,
					   int *rs, int *re, int end)
{
	*rs = find_next_zero_bit(chunk->populated, end, *rs);
	*re = find_next_bit(chunk->populated, end, *rs + 1);
}

static void __maybe_unused pcpu_next_pop(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk,
					 int *rs, int *re, int end)
{
	*rs = find_next_bit(chunk->populated, end, *rs);
	*re = find_next_zero_bit(chunk->populated, end, *rs + 1);
}

/*
 * (Un)populated page region iterators.  Iterate over (un)populated
 * page regions between @start and @end in @chunk.  @rs and @re should
 * be integer variables and will be set to start and end page index of
 * the current region.
 */
#define pcpu_for_each_unpop_region(chunk, rs, re, start, end)		    \
	for ((rs) = (start), pcpu_next_unpop((chunk), &(rs), &(re), (end)); \
	     (rs) < (re);						    \
	     (rs) = (re) + 1, pcpu_next_unpop((chunk), &(rs), &(re), (end)))

#define pcpu_for_each_pop_region(chunk, rs, re, start, end)		    \
	for ((rs) = (start), pcpu_next_pop((chunk), &(rs), &(re), (end));   \
	     (rs) < (re);						    \
	     (rs) = (re) + 1, pcpu_next_pop((chunk), &(rs), &(re), (end)))

/**
 * pcpu_mem_alloc - allocate memory
 * @size: bytes to allocate
 *
 * Allocate @size bytes.  If @size is smaller than PAGE_SIZE,
 * kzalloc() is used; otherwise, vmalloc() is used.  The returned
 * memory is always zeroed.
 *
 * CONTEXT:
 * Does GFP_KERNEL allocation.
 *
 * RETURNS:
 * Pointer to the allocated area on success, NULL on failure.
 */
static void *pcpu_mem_alloc(size_t size)
{
	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!slab_is_available()))
		return NULL;

	if (size <= PAGE_SIZE)
		return kzalloc(size, GFP_KERNEL);
	else
		return vzalloc(size);
}

/**
 * pcpu_mem_free - free memory
 * @ptr: memory to free
 * @size: size of the area
 *
 * Free @ptr.  @ptr should have been allocated using pcpu_mem_alloc().
 */
static void pcpu_mem_free(void *ptr, size_t size)
{
	if (size <= PAGE_SIZE)
		kfree(ptr);
	else
		vfree(ptr);
}

/**
 * pcpu_chunk_relocate - put chunk in the appropriate chunk slot
 * @chunk: chunk of interest
 * @oslot: the previous slot it was on
 *
 * This function is called after an allocation or free changed @chunk.
 * New slot according to the changed state is determined and @chunk is
 * moved to the slot.  Note that the reserved chunk is never put on
 * chunk slots.
 *
 * CONTEXT:
 * pcpu_lock.
 */
static void pcpu_chunk_relocate(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int oslot)
{
	int nslot = pcpu_chunk_slot(chunk);

	if (chunk != pcpu_reserved_chunk && oslot != nslot) {
		if (oslot < nslot)
			list_move(&chunk->list, &pcpu_slot[nslot]);
		else
			list_move_tail(&chunk->list, &pcpu_slot[nslot]);
	}
}

/**
 * pcpu_need_to_extend - determine whether chunk area map needs to be extended
 * @chunk: chunk of interest
 *
 * Determine whether area map of @chunk needs to be extended to
 * accommodate a new allocation.
 *
 * CONTEXT:
 * pcpu_lock.
 *
 * RETURNS:
 * New target map allocation length if extension is necessary, 0
 * otherwise.
 */
static int pcpu_need_to_extend(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk)
{
	int new_alloc;

	if (chunk->map_alloc >= chunk->map_used + 2)
		return 0;

	new_alloc = PCPU_DFL_MAP_ALLOC;
	while (new_alloc < chunk->map_used + 2)
		new_alloc *= 2;

	return new_alloc;
}

/**
 * pcpu_extend_area_map - extend area map of a chunk
 * @chunk: chunk of interest
 * @new_alloc: new target allocation length of the area map
 *
 * Extend area map of @chunk to have @new_alloc entries.
 *
 * CONTEXT:
 * Does GFP_KERNEL allocation.  Grabs and releases pcpu_lock.
 *
 * RETURNS:
 * 0 on success, -errno on failure.
 */
static int pcpu_extend_area_map(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int new_alloc)
{
	int *old = NULL, *new = NULL;
	size_t old_size = 0, new_size = new_alloc * sizeof(new[0]);
	unsigned long flags;

	new = pcpu_mem_alloc(new_size);
	if (!new)
		return -ENOMEM;

	/* acquire pcpu_lock and switch to new area map */
	spin_lock_irqsave(&pcpu_lock, flags);

	if (new_alloc <= chunk->map_alloc)
		goto out_unlock;

	old_size = chunk->map_alloc * sizeof(chunk->map[0]);
	old = chunk->map;

	memcpy(new, old, old_size);

	chunk->map_alloc = new_alloc;
	chunk->map = new;
	new = NULL;

out_unlock:
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pcpu_lock, flags);

	/*
	 * pcpu_mem_free() might end up calling vfree() which uses
	 * IRQ-unsafe lock and thus can't be called under pcpu_lock.
	 */
	pcpu_mem_free(old, old_size);
	pcpu_mem_free(new, new_size);

	return 0;
}

/**
 * pcpu_split_block - split a map block
 * @chunk: chunk of interest
 * @i: index of map block to split
 * @head: head size in bytes (can be 0)
 * @tail: tail size in bytes (can be 0)
 *
 * Split the @i'th map block into two or three blocks.  If @head is
 * non-zero, @head bytes block is inserted before block @i moving it
 * to @i+1 and reducing its size by @head bytes.
 *
 * If @tail is non-zero, the target block, which can be @i or @i+1
 * depending on @head, is reduced by @tail bytes and @tail byte block
 * is inserted after the target block.
 *
 * @chunk->map must have enough free slots to accommodate the split.
 *
 * CONTEXT:
 * pcpu_lock.
 */
static void pcpu_split_block(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int i,
			     int head, int tail)
{
	int nr_extra = !!head + !!tail;

	BUG_ON(chunk->map_alloc < chunk->map_used + nr_extra);

	/* insert new subblocks */
	memmove(&chunk->map[i + nr_extra], &chunk->map[i],
		sizeof(chunk->map[0]) * (chunk->map_used - i));
	chunk->map_used += nr_extra;

	if (head) {
		chunk->map[i + 1] = chunk->map[i] - head;
		chunk->map[i++] = head;
	}
	if (tail) {
		chunk->map[i++] -= tail;
		chunk->map[i] = tail;
	}
}

/**
 * pcpu_alloc_area - allocate area from a pcpu_chunk
 * @chunk: chunk of interest
 * @size: wanted size in bytes
 * @align: wanted align
 *
 * Try to allocate @size bytes area aligned at @align from @chunk.
 * Note that this function only allocates the offset.  It doesn't
 * populate or map the area.
 *
 * @chunk->map must have at least two free slots.
 *
 * CONTEXT:
 * pcpu_lock.
 *
 * RETURNS:
 * Allocated offset in @chunk on success, -1 if no matching area is
 * found.
 */
static int pcpu_alloc_area(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int size, int align)
{
	int oslot = pcpu_chunk_slot(chunk);
	int max_contig = 0;
	int i, off;

	for (i = 0, off = 0; i < chunk->map_used; off += abs(chunk->map[i++])) {
		bool is_last = i + 1 == chunk->map_used;
		int head, tail;

		/* extra for alignment requirement */
		head = ALIGN(off, align) - off;
		BUG_ON(i == 0 && head != 0);

		if (chunk->map[i] < 0)
			continue;
		if (chunk->map[i] < head + size) {
			max_contig = max(chunk->map[i], max_contig);
			continue;
		}

		/*
		 * If head is small or the previous block is free,
		 * merge'em.  Note that 'small' is defined as smaller
		 * than sizeof(int), which is very small but isn't too
		 * uncommon for percpu allocations.
		 */
		if (head && (head < sizeof(int) || chunk->map[i - 1] > 0)) {
			if (chunk->map[i - 1] > 0)
				chunk->map[i - 1] += head;
			else {
				chunk->map[i - 1] -= head;
				chunk->free_size -= head;
			}
			chunk->map[i] -= head;
			off += head;
			head = 0;
		}

		/* if tail is small, just keep it around */
		tail = chunk->map[i] - head - size;
		if (tail < sizeof(int))
			tail = 0;

		/* split if warranted */
		if (head || tail) {
			pcpu_split_block(chunk, i, head, tail);
			if (head) {
				i++;
				off += head;
				max_contig = max(chunk->map[i - 1], max_contig);
			}
			if (tail)
				max_contig = max(chunk->map[i + 1], max_contig);
		}

		/* update hint and mark allocated */
		if (is_last)
			chunk->contig_hint = max_contig; /* fully scanned */
		else
			chunk->contig_hint = max(chunk->contig_hint,
						 max_contig);

		chunk->free_size -= chunk->map[i];
		chunk->map[i] = -chunk->map[i];

		pcpu_chunk_relocate(chunk, oslot);
		return off;
	}

	chunk->contig_hint = max_contig;	/* fully scanned */
	pcpu_chunk_relocate(chunk, oslot);

	/* tell the upper layer that this chunk has no matching area */
	return -1;
}

/**
 * pcpu_free_area - free area to a pcpu_chunk
 * @chunk: chunk of interest
 * @freeme: offset of area to free
 *
 * Free area starting from @freeme to @chunk.  Note that this function
 * only modifies the allocation map.  It doesn't depopulate or unmap
 * the area.
 *
 * CONTEXT:
 * pcpu_lock.
 */
static void pcpu_free_area(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int freeme)
{
	int oslot = pcpu_chunk_slot(chunk);
	int i, off;

	for (i = 0, off = 0; i < chunk->map_used; off += abs(chunk->map[i++]))
		if (off == freeme)
			break;
	BUG_ON(off != freeme);
	BUG_ON(chunk->map[i] > 0);

	chunk->map[i] = -chunk->map[i];
	chunk->free_size += chunk->map[i];

	/* merge with previous? */
	if (i > 0 && chunk->map[i - 1] >= 0) {
		chunk->map[i - 1] += chunk->map[i];
		chunk->map_used--;
		memmove(&chunk->map[i], &chunk->map[i + 1],
			(chunk->map_used - i) * sizeof(chunk->map[0]));
		i--;
	}
	/* merge with next? */
	if (i + 1 < chunk->map_used && chunk->map[i + 1] >= 0) {
		chunk->map[i] += chunk->map[i + 1];
		chunk->map_used--;
		memmove(&chunk->map[i + 1], &chunk->map[i + 2],
			(chunk->map_used - (i + 1)) * sizeof(chunk->map[0]));
	}

	chunk->contig_hint = max(chunk->map[i], chunk->contig_hint);
	pcpu_chunk_relocate(chunk, oslot);
}

static struct pcpu_chunk *pcpu_alloc_chunk(void)
{
	struct pcpu_chunk *chunk;

	chunk = pcpu_mem_alloc(pcpu_chunk_struct_size);
	if (!chunk)
		return NULL;

	chunk->map = pcpu_mem_alloc(PCPU_DFL_MAP_ALLOC * sizeof(chunk->map[0]));
	if (!chunk->map) {
		kfree(chunk);
		return NULL;
	}

	chunk->map_alloc = PCPU_DFL_MAP_ALLOC;
	chunk->map[chunk->map_used++] = pcpu_unit_size;

	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&chunk->list);
	chunk->free_size = pcpu_unit_size;
	chunk->contig_hint = pcpu_unit_size;

	return chunk;
}

static void pcpu_free_chunk(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk)
{
	if (!chunk)
		return;
	pcpu_mem_free(chunk->map, chunk->map_alloc * sizeof(chunk->map[0]));
	kfree(chunk);
}

/*
 * Chunk management implementation.
 *
 * To allow different implementations, chunk alloc/free and
 * [de]population are implemented in a separate file which is pulled
 * into this file and compiled together.  The following functions
 * should be implemented.
 *
 * pcpu_populate_chunk		- populate the specified range of a chunk
 * pcpu_depopulate_chunk	- depopulate the specified range of a chunk
 * pcpu_create_chunk		- create a new chunk
 * pcpu_destroy_chunk		- destroy a chunk, always preceded by full depop
 * pcpu_addr_to_page		- translate address to physical address
 * pcpu_verify_alloc_info	- check alloc_info is acceptable during init
 */
static int pcpu_populate_chunk(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int off, int size);
static void pcpu_depopulate_chunk(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int off, int size);
static struct pcpu_chunk *pcpu_create_chunk(void);
static void pcpu_destroy_chunk(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk);
static struct page *pcpu_addr_to_page(void *addr);
static int __init pcpu_verify_alloc_info(const struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai);

#ifdef CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_KM
#include "percpu-km.c"
#else
#include "percpu-vm.c"
#endif

/**
 * pcpu_chunk_addr_search - determine chunk containing specified address
 * @addr: address for which the chunk needs to be determined.
 *
 * RETURNS:
 * The address of the found chunk.
 */
static struct pcpu_chunk *pcpu_chunk_addr_search(void *addr)
{
	/* is it in the first chunk? */
	if (pcpu_addr_in_first_chunk(addr)) {
		/* is it in the reserved area? */
		if (pcpu_addr_in_reserved_chunk(addr))
			return pcpu_reserved_chunk;
		return pcpu_first_chunk;
	}

	/*
	 * The address is relative to unit0 which might be unused and
	 * thus unmapped.  Offset the address to the unit space of the
	 * current processor before looking it up in the vmalloc
	 * space.  Note that any possible cpu id can be used here, so
	 * there's no need to worry about preemption or cpu hotplug.
	 */
	addr += pcpu_unit_offsets[raw_smp_processor_id()];
	return pcpu_get_page_chunk(pcpu_addr_to_page(addr));
}

/**
 * pcpu_alloc - the percpu allocator
 * @size: size of area to allocate in bytes
 * @align: alignment of area (max PAGE_SIZE)
 * @reserved: allocate from the reserved chunk if available
 *
 * Allocate percpu area of @size bytes aligned at @align.
 *
 * CONTEXT:
 * Does GFP_KERNEL allocation.
 *
 * RETURNS:
 * Percpu pointer to the allocated area on success, NULL on failure.
 */
static void __percpu *pcpu_alloc(size_t size, size_t align, bool reserved)
{
	static int warn_limit = 10;
	struct pcpu_chunk *chunk;
	const char *err;
	int slot, off, new_alloc;
	unsigned long flags;

	if (unlikely(!size || size > PCPU_MIN_UNIT_SIZE || align > PAGE_SIZE)) {
		WARN(true, "illegal size (%zu) or align (%zu) for "
		     "percpu allocation\n", size, align);
		return NULL;
	}

	mutex_lock(&pcpu_alloc_mutex);
	spin_lock_irqsave(&pcpu_lock, flags);

	/* serve reserved allocations from the reserved chunk if available */
	if (reserved && pcpu_reserved_chunk) {
		chunk = pcpu_reserved_chunk;

		if (size > chunk->contig_hint) {
			err = "alloc from reserved chunk failed";
			goto fail_unlock;
		}

		while ((new_alloc = pcpu_need_to_extend(chunk))) {
			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pcpu_lock, flags);
			if (pcpu_extend_area_map(chunk, new_alloc) < 0) {
				err = "failed to extend area map of reserved chunk";
				goto fail_unlock_mutex;
			}
			spin_lock_irqsave(&pcpu_lock, flags);
		}

		off = pcpu_alloc_area(chunk, size, align);
		if (off >= 0)
			goto area_found;

		err = "alloc from reserved chunk failed";
		goto fail_unlock;
	}

restart:
	/* search through normal chunks */
	for (slot = pcpu_size_to_slot(size); slot < pcpu_nr_slots; slot++) {
		list_for_each_entry(chunk, &pcpu_slot[slot], list) {
			if (size > chunk->contig_hint)
				continue;

			new_alloc = pcpu_need_to_extend(chunk);
			if (new_alloc) {
				spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pcpu_lock, flags);
				if (pcpu_extend_area_map(chunk,
							 new_alloc) < 0) {
					err = "failed to extend area map";
					goto fail_unlock_mutex;
				}
				spin_lock_irqsave(&pcpu_lock, flags);
				/*
				 * pcpu_lock has been dropped, need to
				 * restart cpu_slot list walking.
				 */
				goto restart;
			}

			off = pcpu_alloc_area(chunk, size, align);
			if (off >= 0)
				goto area_found;
		}
	}

	/* hmmm... no space left, create a new chunk */
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pcpu_lock, flags);

	chunk = pcpu_create_chunk();
	if (!chunk) {
		err = "failed to allocate new chunk";
		goto fail_unlock_mutex;
	}

	spin_lock_irqsave(&pcpu_lock, flags);
	pcpu_chunk_relocate(chunk, -1);
	goto restart;

area_found:
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pcpu_lock, flags);

	/* populate, map and clear the area */
	if (pcpu_populate_chunk(chunk, off, size)) {
		spin_lock_irqsave(&pcpu_lock, flags);
		pcpu_free_area(chunk, off);
		err = "failed to populate";
		goto fail_unlock;
	}

	mutex_unlock(&pcpu_alloc_mutex);

	/* return address relative to base address */
	return __addr_to_pcpu_ptr(chunk->base_addr + off);

fail_unlock:
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pcpu_lock, flags);
fail_unlock_mutex:
	mutex_unlock(&pcpu_alloc_mutex);
	if (warn_limit) {
		pr_warning("PERCPU: allocation failed, size=%zu align=%zu, "
			   "%s\n", size, align, err);
		dump_stack();
		if (!--warn_limit)
			pr_info("PERCPU: limit reached, disable warning\n");
	}
	return NULL;
}

/**
 * __alloc_percpu - allocate dynamic percpu area
 * @size: size of area to allocate in bytes
 * @align: alignment of area (max PAGE_SIZE)
 *
 * Allocate zero-filled percpu area of @size bytes aligned at @align.
 * Might sleep.  Might trigger writeouts.
 *
 * CONTEXT:
 * Does GFP_KERNEL allocation.
 *
 * RETURNS:
 * Percpu pointer to the allocated area on success, NULL on failure.
 */
void __percpu *__alloc_percpu(size_t size, size_t align)
{
	return pcpu_alloc(size, align, false);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__alloc_percpu);

/**
 * __alloc_reserved_percpu - allocate reserved percpu area
 * @size: size of area to allocate in bytes
 * @align: alignment of area (max PAGE_SIZE)
 *
 * Allocate zero-filled percpu area of @size bytes aligned at @align
 * from reserved percpu area if arch has set it up; otherwise,
 * allocation is served from the same dynamic area.  Might sleep.
 * Might trigger writeouts.
 *
 * CONTEXT:
 * Does GFP_KERNEL allocation.
 *
 * RETURNS:
 * Percpu pointer to the allocated area on success, NULL on failure.
 */
void __percpu *__alloc_reserved_percpu(size_t size, size_t align)
{
	return pcpu_alloc(size, align, true);
}

/**
 * pcpu_reclaim - reclaim fully free chunks, workqueue function
 * @work: unused
 *
 * Reclaim all fully free chunks except for the first one.
 *
 * CONTEXT:
 * workqueue context.
 */
static void pcpu_reclaim(struct work_struct *work)
{
	LIST_HEAD(todo);
	struct list_head *head = &pcpu_slot[pcpu_nr_slots - 1];
	struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, *next;

	mutex_lock(&pcpu_alloc_mutex);
	spin_lock_irq(&pcpu_lock);

	list_for_each_entry_safe(chunk, next, head, list) {
		WARN_ON(chunk->immutable);

		/* spare the first one */
		if (chunk == list_first_entry(head, struct pcpu_chunk, list))
			continue;

		list_move(&chunk->list, &todo);
	}

	spin_unlock_irq(&pcpu_lock);

	list_for_each_entry_safe(chunk, next, &todo, list) {
		pcpu_depopulate_chunk(chunk, 0, pcpu_unit_size);
		pcpu_destroy_chunk(chunk);
	}

	mutex_unlock(&pcpu_alloc_mutex);
}

/**
 * free_percpu - free percpu area
 * @ptr: pointer to area to free
 *
 * Free percpu area @ptr.
 *
 * CONTEXT:
 * Can be called from atomic context.
 */
void free_percpu(void __percpu *ptr)
{
	void *addr;
	struct pcpu_chunk *chunk;
	unsigned long flags;
	int off;

	if (!ptr)
		return;

	addr = __pcpu_ptr_to_addr(ptr);

	spin_lock_irqsave(&pcpu_lock, flags);

	chunk = pcpu_chunk_addr_search(addr);
	off = addr - chunk->base_addr;

	pcpu_free_area(chunk, off);

	/* if there are more than one fully free chunks, wake up grim reaper */
	if (chunk->free_size == pcpu_unit_size) {
		struct pcpu_chunk *pos;

		list_for_each_entry(pos, &pcpu_slot[pcpu_nr_slots - 1], list)
			if (pos != chunk) {
				schedule_work(&pcpu_reclaim_work);
				break;
			}
	}

	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pcpu_lock, flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(free_percpu);

/**
 * is_kernel_percpu_address - test whether address is from static percpu area
 * @addr: address to test
 *
 * Test whether @addr belongs to in-kernel static percpu area.  Module
 * static percpu areas are not considered.  For those, use
 * is_module_percpu_address().
 *
 * RETURNS:
 * %true if @addr is from in-kernel static percpu area, %false otherwise.
 */
bool is_kernel_percpu_address(unsigned long addr)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
	const size_t static_size = __per_cpu_end - __per_cpu_start;
	void __percpu *base = __addr_to_pcpu_ptr(pcpu_base_addr);
	unsigned int cpu;

	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
		void *start = per_cpu_ptr(base, cpu);

		if ((void *)addr >= start && (void *)addr < start + static_size)
			return true;
        }
#endif
	/* on UP, can't distinguish from other static vars, always false */
	return false;
}

/**
 * per_cpu_ptr_to_phys - convert translated percpu address to physical address
 * @addr: the address to be converted to physical address
 *
 * Given @addr which is dereferenceable address obtained via one of
 * percpu access macros, this function translates it into its physical
 * address.  The caller is responsible for ensuring @addr stays valid
 * until this function finishes.
 *
 * RETURNS:
 * The physical address for @addr.
 */
phys_addr_t per_cpu_ptr_to_phys(void *addr)
{
	void __percpu *base = __addr_to_pcpu_ptr(pcpu_base_addr);
	bool in_first_chunk = false;
	unsigned long first_low, first_high;
	unsigned int cpu;

	/*
	 * The following test on unit_low/high isn't strictly
	 * necessary but will speed up lookups of addresses which
	 * aren't in the first chunk.
	 */
	first_low = pcpu_chunk_addr(pcpu_first_chunk, pcpu_low_unit_cpu, 0);
	first_high = pcpu_chunk_addr(pcpu_first_chunk, pcpu_high_unit_cpu,
				     pcpu_unit_pages);
	if ((unsigned long)addr >= first_low &&
	    (unsigned long)addr < first_high) {
		for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
			void *start = per_cpu_ptr(base, cpu);

			if (addr >= start && addr < start + pcpu_unit_size) {
				in_first_chunk = true;
				break;
			}
		}
	}

	if (in_first_chunk) {
		if (!is_vmalloc_addr(addr))
			return __pa(addr);
		else
			return page_to_phys(vmalloc_to_page(addr));
	} else
		return page_to_phys(pcpu_addr_to_page(addr));
}

/**
 * pcpu_alloc_alloc_info - allocate percpu allocation info
 * @nr_groups: the number of groups
 * @nr_units: the number of units
 *
 * Allocate ai which is large enough for @nr_groups groups containing
 * @nr_units units.  The returned ai's groups[0].cpu_map points to the
 * cpu_map array which is long enough for @nr_units and filled with
 * NR_CPUS.  It's the caller's responsibility to initialize cpu_map
 * pointer of other groups.
 *
 * RETURNS:
 * Pointer to the allocated pcpu_alloc_info on success, NULL on
 * failure.
 */
struct pcpu_alloc_info * __init pcpu_alloc_alloc_info(int nr_groups,
						      int nr_units)
{
	struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai;
	size_t base_size, ai_size;
	void *ptr;
	int unit;

	base_size = ALIGN(sizeof(*ai) + nr_groups * sizeof(ai->groups[0]),
			  __alignof__(ai->groups[0].cpu_map[0]));
	ai_size = base_size + nr_units * sizeof(ai->groups[0].cpu_map[0]);

	ptr = alloc_bootmem_nopanic(PFN_ALIGN(ai_size));
	if (!ptr)
		return NULL;
	ai = ptr;
	ptr += base_size;

	ai->groups[0].cpu_map = ptr;

	for (unit = 0; unit < nr_units; unit++)
		ai->groups[0].cpu_map[unit] = NR_CPUS;

	ai->nr_groups = nr_groups;
	ai->__ai_size = PFN_ALIGN(ai_size);

	return ai;
}

/**
 * pcpu_free_alloc_info - free percpu allocation info
 * @ai: pcpu_alloc_info to free
 *
 * Free @ai which was allocated by pcpu_alloc_alloc_info().
 */
void __init pcpu_free_alloc_info(struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai)
{
	free_bootmem(__pa(ai), ai->__ai_size);
}

/**
 * pcpu_dump_alloc_info - print out information about pcpu_alloc_info
 * @lvl: loglevel
 * @ai: allocation info to dump
 *
 * Print out information about @ai using loglevel @lvl.
 */
static void pcpu_dump_alloc_info(const char *lvl,
				 const struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai)
{
	int group_width = 1, cpu_width = 1, width;
	char empty_str[] = "--------";
	int alloc = 0, alloc_end = 0;
	int group, v;
	int upa, apl;	/* units per alloc, allocs per line */

	v = ai->nr_groups;
	while (v /= 10)
		group_width++;

	v = num_possible_cpus();
	while (v /= 10)
		cpu_width++;
	empty_str[min_t(int, cpu_width, sizeof(empty_str) - 1)] = '\0';

	upa = ai->alloc_size / ai->unit_size;
	width = upa * (cpu_width + 1) + group_width + 3;
	apl = rounddown_pow_of_two(max(60 / width, 1));

	printk("%spcpu-alloc: s%zu r%zu d%zu u%zu alloc=%zu*%zu",
	       lvl, ai->static_size, ai->reserved_size, ai->dyn_size,
	       ai->unit_size, ai->alloc_size / ai->atom_size, ai->atom_size);

	for (group = 0; group < ai->nr_groups; group++) {
		const struct pcpu_group_info *gi = &ai->groups[group];
		int unit = 0, unit_end = 0;

		BUG_ON(gi->nr_units % upa);
		for (alloc_end += gi->nr_units / upa;
		     alloc < alloc_end; alloc++) {
			if (!(alloc % apl)) {
				printk("\n");
				printk("%spcpu-alloc: ", lvl);
			}
			printk("[%0*d] ", group_width, group);

			for (unit_end += upa; unit < unit_end; unit++)
				if (gi->cpu_map[unit] != NR_CPUS)
					printk("%0*d ", cpu_width,
					       gi->cpu_map[unit]);
				else
					printk("%s ", empty_str);
		}
	}
	printk("\n");
}

/**
 * pcpu_setup_first_chunk - initialize the first percpu chunk
 * @ai: pcpu_alloc_info describing how to percpu area is shaped
 * @base_addr: mapped address
 *
 * Initialize the first percpu chunk which contains the kernel static
 * perpcu area.  This function is to be called from arch percpu area
 * setup path.
 *
 * @ai contains all information necessary to initialize the first
 * chunk and prime the dynamic percpu allocator.
 *
 * @ai->static_size is the size of static percpu area.
 *
 * @ai->reserved_size, if non-zero, specifies the amount of bytes to
 * reserve after the static area in the first chunk.  This reserves
 * the first chunk such that it's available only through reserved
 * percpu allocation.  This is primarily used to serve module percpu
 * static areas on architectures where the addressing model has
 * limited offset range for symbol relocations to guarantee module
 * percpu symbols fall inside the relocatable range.
 *
 * @ai->dyn_size determines the number of bytes available for dynamic
 * allocation in the first chunk.  The area between @ai->static_size +
 * @ai->reserved_size + @ai->dyn_size and @ai->unit_size is unused.
 *
 * @ai->unit_size specifies unit size and must be aligned to PAGE_SIZE
 * and equal to or larger than @ai->static_size + @ai->reserved_size +
 * @ai->dyn_size.
 *
 * @ai->atom_size is the allocation atom size and used as alignment
 * for vm areas.
 *
 * @ai->alloc_size is the allocation size and always multiple of
 * @ai->atom_size.  This is larger than @ai->atom_size if
 * @ai->unit_size is larger than @ai->atom_size.
 *
 * @ai->nr_groups and @ai->groups describe virtual memory layout of
 * percpu areas.  Units which should be colocated are put into the
 * same group.  Dynamic VM areas will be allocated according to these
 * groupings.  If @ai->nr_groups is zero, a single group containing
 * all units is assumed.
 *
 * The caller should have mapped the first chunk at @base_addr and
 * copied static data to each unit.
 *
 * If the first chunk ends up with both reserved and dynamic areas, it
 * is served by two chunks - one to serve the core static and reserved
 * areas and the other for the dynamic area.  They share the same vm
 * and page map but uses different area allocation map to stay away
 * from each other.  The latter chunk is circulated in the chunk slots
 * and available for dynamic allocation like any other chunks.
 *
 * RETURNS:
 * 0 on success, -errno on failure.
 */
int __init pcpu_setup_first_chunk(const struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai,
				  void *base_addr)
{
	static char cpus_buf[4096] __initdata;
	static int smap[PERCPU_DYNAMIC_EARLY_SLOTS] __initdata;
	static int dmap[PERCPU_DYNAMIC_EARLY_SLOTS] __initdata;
	size_t dyn_size = ai->dyn_size;
	size_t size_sum = ai->static_size + ai->reserved_size + dyn_size;
	struct pcpu_chunk *schunk, *dchunk = NULL;
	unsigned long *group_offsets;
	size_t *group_sizes;
	unsigned long *unit_off;
	unsigned int cpu;
	int *unit_map;
	int group, unit, i;

	cpumask_scnprintf(cpus_buf, sizeof(cpus_buf), cpu_possible_mask);

#define PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(cond)	do {					\
	if (unlikely(cond)) {						\
		pr_emerg("PERCPU: failed to initialize, %s", #cond);	\
		pr_emerg("PERCPU: cpu_possible_mask=%s\n", cpus_buf);	\
		pcpu_dump_alloc_info(KERN_EMERG, ai);			\
		BUG();							\
	}								\
} while (0)

	/* sanity checks */
	PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(ai->nr_groups <= 0);
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
	PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(!ai->static_size);
	PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON((unsigned long)__per_cpu_start & ~PAGE_MASK);
#endif
	PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(!base_addr);
	PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON((unsigned long)base_addr & ~PAGE_MASK);
	PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(ai->unit_size < size_sum);
	PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(ai->unit_size & ~PAGE_MASK);
	PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(ai->unit_size < PCPU_MIN_UNIT_SIZE);
	PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(ai->dyn_size < PERCPU_DYNAMIC_EARLY_SIZE);
	PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(pcpu_verify_alloc_info(ai) < 0);

	/* process group information and build config tables accordingly */
	group_offsets = alloc_bootmem(ai->nr_groups * sizeof(group_offsets[0]));
	group_sizes = alloc_bootmem(ai->nr_groups * sizeof(group_sizes[0]));
	unit_map = alloc_bootmem(nr_cpu_ids * sizeof(unit_map[0]));
	unit_off = alloc_bootmem(nr_cpu_ids * sizeof(unit_off[0]));

	for (cpu = 0; cpu < nr_cpu_ids; cpu++)
		unit_map[cpu] = UINT_MAX;

	pcpu_low_unit_cpu = NR_CPUS;
	pcpu_high_unit_cpu = NR_CPUS;

	for (group = 0, unit = 0; group < ai->nr_groups; group++, unit += i) {
		const struct pcpu_group_info *gi = &ai->groups[group];

		group_offsets[group] = gi->base_offset;
		group_sizes[group] = gi->nr_units * ai->unit_size;

		for (i = 0; i < gi->nr_units; i++) {
			cpu = gi->cpu_map[i];
			if (cpu == NR_CPUS)
				continue;

			PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(cpu > nr_cpu_ids);
			PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(!cpu_possible(cpu));
			PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(unit_map[cpu] != UINT_MAX);

			unit_map[cpu] = unit + i;
			unit_off[cpu] = gi->base_offset + i * ai->unit_size;

			/* determine low/high unit_cpu */
			if (pcpu_low_unit_cpu == NR_CPUS ||
			    unit_off[cpu] < unit_off[pcpu_low_unit_cpu])
				pcpu_low_unit_cpu = cpu;
			if (pcpu_high_unit_cpu == NR_CPUS ||
			    unit_off[cpu] > unit_off[pcpu_high_unit_cpu])
				pcpu_high_unit_cpu = cpu;
		}
	}
	pcpu_nr_units = unit;

	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
		PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(unit_map[cpu] == UINT_MAX);

	/* we're done parsing the input, undefine BUG macro and dump config */
#undef PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON
	pcpu_dump_alloc_info(KERN_DEBUG, ai);

	pcpu_nr_groups = ai->nr_groups;
	pcpu_group_offsets = group_offsets;
	pcpu_group_sizes = group_sizes;
	pcpu_unit_map = unit_map;
	pcpu_unit_offsets = unit_off;

	/* determine basic parameters */
	pcpu_unit_pages = ai->unit_size >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	pcpu_unit_size = pcpu_unit_pages << PAGE_SHIFT;
	pcpu_atom_size = ai->atom_size;
	pcpu_chunk_struct_size = sizeof(struct pcpu_chunk) +
		BITS_TO_LONGS(pcpu_unit_pages) * sizeof(unsigned long);

	/*
	 * Allocate chunk slots.  The additional last slot is for
	 * empty chunks.
	 */
	pcpu_nr_slots = __pcpu_size_to_slot(pcpu_unit_size) + 2;
	pcpu_slot = alloc_bootmem(pcpu_nr_slots * sizeof(pcpu_slot[0]));
	for (i = 0; i < pcpu_nr_slots; i++)
		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pcpu_slot[i]);

	/*
	 * Initialize static chunk.  If reserved_size is zero, the
	 * static chunk covers static area + dynamic allocation area
	 * in the first chunk.  If reserved_size is not zero, it
	 * covers static area + reserved area (mostly used for module
	 * static percpu allocation).
	 */
	schunk = alloc_bootmem(pcpu_chunk_struct_size);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&schunk->list);
	schunk->base_addr = base_addr;
	schunk->map = smap;
	schunk->map_alloc = ARRAY_SIZE(smap);
	schunk->immutable = true;
	bitmap_fill(schunk->populated, pcpu_unit_pages);

	if (ai->reserved_size) {
		schunk->free_size = ai->reserved_size;
		pcpu_reserved_chunk = schunk;
		pcpu_reserved_chunk_limit = ai->static_size + ai->reserved_size;
	} else {
		schunk->free_size = dyn_size;
		dyn_size = 0;			/* dynamic area covered */
	}
	schunk->contig_hint = schunk->free_size;

	schunk->map[schunk->map_used++] = -ai->static_size;
	if (schunk->free_size)
		schunk->map[schunk->map_used++] = schunk->free_size;

	/* init dynamic chunk if necessary */
	if (dyn_size) {
		dchunk = alloc_bootmem(pcpu_chunk_struct_size);
		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dchunk->list);
		dchunk->base_addr = base_addr;
		dchunk->map = dmap;
		dchunk->map_alloc = ARRAY_SIZE(dmap);
		dchunk->immutable = true;
		bitmap_fill(dchunk->populated, pcpu_unit_pages);

		dchunk->contig_hint = dchunk->free_size = dyn_size;
		dchunk->map[dchunk->map_used++] = -pcpu_reserved_chunk_limit;
		dchunk->map[dchunk->map_used++] = dchunk->free_size;
	}

	/* link the first chunk in */
	pcpu_first_chunk = dchunk ?: schunk;
	pcpu_chunk_relocate(pcpu_first_chunk, -1);

	/* we're done */
	pcpu_base_addr = base_addr;
	return 0;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_SMP

const char *pcpu_fc_names[PCPU_FC_NR] __initdata = {
	[PCPU_FC_AUTO]	= "auto",
	[PCPU_FC_EMBED]	= "embed",
	[PCPU_FC_PAGE]	= "page",
};

enum pcpu_fc pcpu_chosen_fc __initdata = PCPU_FC_AUTO;

static int __init percpu_alloc_setup(char *str)
{
	if (0)
		/* nada */;
#ifdef CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK
	else if (!strcmp(str, "embed"))
		pcpu_chosen_fc = PCPU_FC_EMBED;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK
	else if (!strcmp(str, "page"))
		pcpu_chosen_fc = PCPU_FC_PAGE;
#endif
	else
		pr_warning("PERCPU: unknown allocator %s specified\n", str);

	return 0;
}
early_param("percpu_alloc", percpu_alloc_setup);

/*
 * pcpu_embed_first_chunk() is used by the generic percpu setup.
 * Build it if needed by the arch config or the generic setup is going
 * to be used.
 */
#if defined(CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK) || \
	!defined(CONFIG_HAVE_SETUP_PER_CPU_AREA)
#define BUILD_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK
#endif

/* build pcpu_page_first_chunk() iff needed by the arch config */
#if defined(CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK)
#define BUILD_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK
#endif

/* pcpu_build_alloc_info() is used by both embed and page first chunk */
#if defined(BUILD_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK) || defined(BUILD_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK)
/**
 * pcpu_build_alloc_info - build alloc_info considering distances between CPUs
 * @reserved_size: the size of reserved percpu area in bytes
 * @dyn_size: minimum free size for dynamic allocation in bytes
 * @atom_size: allocation atom size
 * @cpu_distance_fn: callback to determine distance between cpus, optional
 *
 * This function determines grouping of units, their mappings to cpus
 * and other parameters considering needed percpu size, allocation
 * atom size and distances between CPUs.
 *
 * Groups are always mutliples of atom size and CPUs which are of
 * LOCAL_DISTANCE both ways are grouped together and share space for
 * units in the same group.  The returned configuration is guaranteed
 * to have CPUs on different nodes on different groups and >=75% usage
 * of allocated virtual address space.
 *
 * RETURNS:
 * On success, pointer to the new allocation_info is returned.  On
 * failure, ERR_PTR value is returned.
 */
static struct pcpu_alloc_info * __init pcpu_build_alloc_info(
				size_t reserved_size, size_t dyn_size,
				size_t atom_size,
				pcpu_fc_cpu_distance_fn_t cpu_distance_fn)
{
	static int group_map[NR_CPUS] __initdata;
	static int group_cnt[NR_CPUS] __initdata;
	const size_t static_size = __per_cpu_end - __per_cpu_start;
	int nr_groups = 1, nr_units = 0;
	size_t size_sum, min_unit_size, alloc_size;
	int upa, max_upa, uninitialized_var(best_upa);	/* units_per_alloc */
	int last_allocs, group, unit;
	unsigned int cpu, tcpu;
	struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai;
	unsigned int *cpu_map;

	/* this function may be called multiple times */
	memset(group_map, 0, sizeof(group_map));
	memset(group_cnt, 0, sizeof(group_cnt));

	/* calculate size_sum and ensure dyn_size is enough for early alloc */
	size_sum = PFN_ALIGN(static_size + reserved_size +
			    max_t(size_t, dyn_size, PERCPU_DYNAMIC_EARLY_SIZE));
	dyn_size = size_sum - static_size - reserved_size;

	/*
	 * Determine min_unit_size, alloc_size and max_upa such that
	 * alloc_size is multiple of atom_size and is the smallest
	 * which can accommodate 4k aligned segments which are equal to
	 * or larger than min_unit_size.
	 */
	min_unit_size = max_t(size_t, size_sum, PCPU_MIN_UNIT_SIZE);

	alloc_size = roundup(min_unit_size, atom_size);
	upa = alloc_size / min_unit_size;
	while (alloc_size % upa || ((alloc_size / upa) & ~PAGE_MASK))
		upa--;
	max_upa = upa;

	/* group cpus according to their proximity */
	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
		group = 0;
	next_group:
		for_each_possible_cpu(tcpu) {
			if (cpu == tcpu)
				break;
			if (group_map[tcpu] == group && cpu_distance_fn &&
			    (cpu_distance_fn(cpu, tcpu) > LOCAL_DISTANCE ||
			     cpu_distance_fn(tcpu, cpu) > LOCAL_DISTANCE)) {
				group++;
				nr_groups = max(nr_groups, group + 1);
				goto next_group;
			}
		}
		group_map[cpu] = group;
		group_cnt[group]++;
	}

	/*
	 * Expand unit size until address space usage goes over 75%
	 * and then as much as possible without using more address
	 * space.
	 */
	last_allocs = INT_MAX;
	for (upa = max_upa; upa; upa--) {
		int allocs = 0, wasted = 0;

		if (alloc_size % upa || ((alloc_size / upa) & ~PAGE_MASK))
			continue;

		for (group = 0; group < nr_groups; group++) {
			int this_allocs = DIV_ROUND_UP(group_cnt[group], upa);
			allocs += this_allocs;
			wasted += this_allocs * upa - group_cnt[group];
		}

		/*
		 * Don't accept if wastage is over 1/3.  The
		 * greater-than comparison ensures upa==1 always
		 * passes the following check.
		 */
		if (wasted > num_possible_cpus() / 3)
			continue;

		/* and then don't consume more memory */
		if (allocs > last_allocs)
			break;
		last_allocs = allocs;
		best_upa = upa;
	}
	upa = best_upa;

	/* allocate and fill alloc_info */
	for (group = 0; group < nr_groups; group++)
		nr_units += roundup(group_cnt[group], upa);

	ai = pcpu_alloc_alloc_info(nr_groups, nr_units);
	if (!ai)
		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
	cpu_map = ai->groups[0].cpu_map;

	for (group = 0; group < nr_groups; group++) {
		ai->groups[group].cpu_map = cpu_map;
		cpu_map += roundup(group_cnt[group], upa);
	}

	ai->static_size = static_size;
	ai->reserved_size = reserved_size;
	ai->dyn_size = dyn_size;
	ai->unit_size = alloc_size / upa;
	ai->atom_size = atom_size;
	ai->alloc_size = alloc_size;

	for (group = 0, unit = 0; group_cnt[group]; group++) {
		struct pcpu_group_info *gi = &ai->groups[group];

		/*
		 * Initialize base_offset as if all groups are located
		 * back-to-back.  The caller should update this to
		 * reflect actual allocation.
		 */
		gi->base_offset = unit * ai->unit_size;

		for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
			if (group_map[cpu] == group)
				gi->cpu_map[gi->nr_units++] = cpu;
		gi->nr_units = roundup(gi->nr_units, upa);
		unit += gi->nr_units;
	}
	BUG_ON(unit != nr_units);

	return ai;
}
#endif /* BUILD_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK || BUILD_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK */

#if defined(BUILD_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK)
/**
 * pcpu_embed_first_chunk - embed the first percpu chunk into bootmem
 * @reserved_size: the size of reserved percpu area in bytes
 * @dyn_size: minimum free size for dynamic allocation in bytes
 * @atom_size: allocation atom size
 * @cpu_distance_fn: callback to determine distance between cpus, optional
 * @alloc_fn: function to allocate percpu page
 * @free_fn: function to free percpu page
 *
 * This is a helper to ease setting up embedded first percpu chunk and
 * can be called where pcpu_setup_first_chunk() is expected.
 *
 * If this function is used to setup the first chunk, it is allocated
 * by calling @alloc_fn and used as-is without being mapped into
 * vmalloc area.  Allocations are always whole multiples of @atom_size
 * aligned to @atom_size.
 *
 * This enables the first chunk to piggy back on the linear physical
 * mapping which often uses larger page size.  Please note that this
 * can result in very sparse cpu->unit mapping on NUMA machines thus
 * requiring large vmalloc address space.  Don't use this allocator if
 * vmalloc space is not orders of magnitude larger than distances
 * between node memory addresses (ie. 32bit NUMA machines).
 *
 * @dyn_size specifies the minimum dynamic area size.
 *
 * If the needed size is smaller than the minimum or specified unit
 * size, the leftover is returned using @free_fn.
 *
 * RETURNS:
 * 0 on success, -errno on failure.
 */
int __init pcpu_embed_first_chunk(size_t reserved_size, size_t dyn_size,
				  size_t atom_size,
				  pcpu_fc_cpu_distance_fn_t cpu_distance_fn,
				  pcpu_fc_alloc_fn_t alloc_fn,
				  pcpu_fc_free_fn_t free_fn)
{
	void *base = (void *)ULONG_MAX;
	void **areas = NULL;
	struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai;
	size_t size_sum, areas_size, max_distance;
	int group, i, rc;

	ai = pcpu_build_alloc_info(reserved_size, dyn_size, atom_size,
				   cpu_distance_fn);
	if (IS_ERR(ai))
		return PTR_ERR(ai);

	size_sum = ai->static_size + ai->reserved_size + ai->dyn_size;
	areas_size = PFN_ALIGN(ai->nr_groups * sizeof(void *));

	areas = alloc_bootmem_nopanic(areas_size);
	if (!areas) {
		rc = -ENOMEM;
		goto out_free;
	}

	/* allocate, copy and determine base address */
	for (group = 0; group < ai->nr_groups; group++) {
		struct pcpu_group_info *gi = &ai->groups[group];
		unsigned int cpu = NR_CPUS;
		void *ptr;

		for (i = 0; i < gi->nr_units && cpu == NR_CPUS; i++)
			cpu = gi->cpu_map[i];
		BUG_ON(cpu == NR_CPUS);

		/* allocate space for the whole group */
		ptr = alloc_fn(cpu, gi->nr_units * ai->unit_size, atom_size);
		if (!ptr) {
			rc = -ENOMEM;
			goto out_free_areas;
		}
		areas[group] = ptr;

		base = min(ptr, base);

		for (i = 0; i < gi->nr_units; i++, ptr += ai->unit_size) {
			if (gi->cpu_map[i] == NR_CPUS) {
				/* unused unit, free whole */
				free_fn(ptr, ai->unit_size);
				continue;
			}
			/* copy and return the unused part */
			memcpy(ptr, __per_cpu_load, ai->static_size);
			free_fn(ptr + size_sum, ai->unit_size - size_sum);
		}
	}

	/* base address is now known, determine group base offsets */
	max_distance = 0;
	for (group = 0; group < ai->nr_groups; group++) {
		ai->groups[group].base_offset = areas[group] - base;
		max_distance = max_t(size_t, max_distance,
				     ai->groups[group].base_offset);
	}
	max_distance += ai->unit_size;

	/* warn if maximum distance is further than 75% of vmalloc space */
	if (max_distance > (VMALLOC_END - VMALLOC_START) * 3 / 4) {
		pr_warning("PERCPU: max_distance=0x%zx too large for vmalloc "
			   "space 0x%lx\n", max_distance,
			   (unsigned long)(VMALLOC_END - VMALLOC_START));
#ifdef CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK
		/* and fail if we have fallback */
		rc = -EINVAL;
		goto out_free;
#endif
	}

	pr_info("PERCPU: Embedded %zu pages/cpu @%p s%zu r%zu d%zu u%zu\n",
		PFN_DOWN(size_sum), base, ai->static_size, ai->reserved_size,
		ai->dyn_size, ai->unit_size);

	rc = pcpu_setup_first_chunk(ai, base);
	goto out_free;

out_free_areas:
	for (group = 0; group < ai->nr_groups; group++)
		free_fn(areas[group],
			ai->groups[group].nr_units * ai->unit_size);
out_free:
	pcpu_free_alloc_info(ai);
	if (areas)
		free_bootmem(__pa(areas), areas_size);
	return rc;
}
#endif /* BUILD_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK */

#ifdef BUILD_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK
/**
 * pcpu_page_first_chunk - map the first chunk using PAGE_SIZE pages
 * @reserved_size: the size of reserved percpu area in bytes
 * @alloc_fn: function to allocate percpu page, always called with PAGE_SIZE
 * @free_fn: function to free percpu page, always called with PAGE_SIZE
 * @populate_pte_fn: function to populate pte
 *
 * This is a helper to ease setting up page-remapped first percpu
 * chunk and can be called where pcpu_setup_first_chunk() is expected.
 *
 * This is the basic allocator.  Static percpu area is allocated
 * page-by-page into vmalloc area.
 *
 * RETURNS:
 * 0 on success, -errno on failure.
 */
int __init pcpu_page_first_chunk(size_t reserved_size,
				 pcpu_fc_alloc_fn_t alloc_fn,
				 pcpu_fc_free_fn_t free_fn,
				 pcpu_fc_populate_pte_fn_t populate_pte_fn)
{
	static struct vm_struct vm;
	struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai;
	char psize_str[16];
	int unit_pages;
	size_t pages_size;
	struct page **pages;
	int unit, i, j, rc;

	snprintf(psize_str, sizeof(psize_str), "%luK", PAGE_SIZE >> 10);

	ai = pcpu_build_alloc_info(reserved_size, 0, PAGE_SIZE, NULL);
	if (IS_ERR(ai))
		return PTR_ERR(ai);
	BUG_ON(ai->nr_groups != 1);
	BUG_ON(ai->groups[0].nr_units != num_possible_cpus());

	unit_pages = ai->unit_size >> PAGE_SHIFT;

	/* unaligned allocations can't be freed, round up to page size */
	pages_size = PFN_ALIGN(unit_pages * num_possible_cpus() *
			       sizeof(pages[0]));
	pages = alloc_bootmem(pages_size);

	/* allocate pages */
	j = 0;
	for (unit = 0; unit < num_possible_cpus(); unit++)
		for (i = 0; i < unit_pages; i++) {
			unsigned int cpu = ai->groups[0].cpu_map[unit];
			void *ptr;

			ptr = alloc_fn(cpu, PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE);
			if (!ptr) {
				pr_warning("PERCPU: failed to allocate %s page "
					   "for cpu%u\n", psize_str, cpu);
				goto enomem;
			}
			pages[j++] = virt_to_page(ptr);
		}

	/* allocate vm area, map the pages and copy static data */
	vm.flags = VM_ALLOC;
	vm.size = num_possible_cpus() * ai->unit_size;
	vm_area_register_early(&vm, PAGE_SIZE);

	for (unit = 0; unit < num_possible_cpus(); unit++) {
		unsigned long unit_addr =
			(unsigned long)vm.addr + unit * ai->unit_size;

		for (i = 0; i < unit_pages; i++)
			populate_pte_fn(unit_addr + (i << PAGE_SHIFT));

		/* pte already populated, the following shouldn't fail */
		rc = __pcpu_map_pages(unit_addr, &pages[unit * unit_pages],
				      unit_pages);
		if (rc < 0)
			panic("failed to map percpu area, err=%d\n", rc);

		/*
		 * FIXME: Archs with virtual cache should flush local
		 * cache for the linear mapping here - something
		 * equivalent to flush_cache_vmap() on the local cpu.
		 * flush_cache_vmap() can't be used as most supporting
		 * data structures are not set up yet.
		 */

		/* copy static data */
		memcpy((void *)unit_addr, __per_cpu_load, ai->static_size);
	}

	/* we're ready, commit */
	pr_info("PERCPU: %d %s pages/cpu @%p s%zu r%zu d%zu\n",
		unit_pages, psize_str, vm.addr, ai->static_size,
		ai->reserved_size, ai->dyn_size);

	rc = pcpu_setup_first_chunk(ai, vm.addr);
	goto out_free_ar;

enomem:
	while (--j >= 0)
		free_fn(page_address(pages[j]), PAGE_SIZE);
	rc = -ENOMEM;
out_free_ar:
	free_bootmem(__pa(pages), pages_size);
	pcpu_free_alloc_info(ai);
	return rc;
}
#endif /* BUILD_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK */

#ifndef	CONFIG_HAVE_SETUP_PER_CPU_AREA
/*
 * Generic SMP percpu area setup.
 *
 * The embedding helper is used because its behavior closely resembles
 * the original non-dynamic generic percpu area setup.  This is
 * important because many archs have addressing restrictions and might
 * fail if the percpu area is located far away from the previous
 * location.  As an added bonus, in non-NUMA cases, embedding is
 * generally a good idea TLB-wise because percpu area can piggy back
 * on the physical linear memory mapping which uses large page
 * mappings on applicable archs.
 */
unsigned long __per_cpu_offset[NR_CPUS] __read_mostly;
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__per_cpu_offset);

static void * __init pcpu_dfl_fc_alloc(unsigned int cpu, size_t size,
				       size_t align)
{
	return __alloc_bootmem_nopanic(size, align, __pa(MAX_DMA_ADDRESS));
}

static void __init pcpu_dfl_fc_free(void *ptr, size_t size)
{
	free_bootmem(__pa(ptr), size);
}

void __init setup_per_cpu_areas(void)
{
	unsigned long delta;
	unsigned int cpu;
	int rc;

	/*
	 * Always reserve area for module percpu variables.  That's
	 * what the legacy allocator did.
	 */
	rc = pcpu_embed_first_chunk(PERCPU_MODULE_RESERVE,
				    PERCPU_DYNAMIC_RESERVE, PAGE_SIZE, NULL,
				    pcpu_dfl_fc_alloc, pcpu_dfl_fc_free);
	if (rc < 0)
		panic("Failed to initialize percpu areas.");

	delta = (unsigned long)pcpu_base_addr - (unsigned long)__per_cpu_start;
	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
		__per_cpu_offset[cpu] = delta + pcpu_unit_offsets[cpu];
}
#endif	/* CONFIG_HAVE_SETUP_PER_CPU_AREA */

#else	/* CONFIG_SMP */

/*
 * UP percpu area setup.
 *
 * UP always uses km-based percpu allocator with identity mapping.
 * Static percpu variables are indistinguishable from the usual static
 * variables and don't require any special preparation.
 */
void __init setup_per_cpu_areas(void)
{
	const size_t unit_size =
		roundup_pow_of_two(max_t(size_t, PCPU_MIN_UNIT_SIZE,
					 PERCPU_DYNAMIC_RESERVE));
	struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai;
	void *fc;

	ai = pcpu_alloc_alloc_info(1, 1);
	fc = __alloc_bootmem(unit_size, PAGE_SIZE, __pa(MAX_DMA_ADDRESS));
	if (!ai || !fc)
		panic("Failed to allocate memory for percpu areas.");

	ai->dyn_size = unit_size;
	ai->unit_size = unit_size;
	ai->atom_size = unit_size;
	ai->alloc_size = unit_size;
	ai->groups[0].nr_units = 1;
	ai->groups[0].cpu_map[0] = 0;

	if (pcpu_setup_first_chunk(ai, fc) < 0)
		panic("Failed to initialize percpu areas.");
}

#endif	/* CONFIG_SMP */

/*
 * First and reserved chunks are initialized with temporary allocation
 * map in initdata so that they can be used before slab is online.
 * This function is called after slab is brought up and replaces those
 * with properly allocated maps.
 */
void __init percpu_init_late(void)
{
	struct pcpu_chunk *target_chunks[] =
		{ pcpu_first_chunk, pcpu_reserved_chunk, NULL };
	struct pcpu_chunk *chunk;
	unsigned long flags;
	int i;

	for (i = 0; (chunk = target_chunks[i]); i++) {
		int *map;
		const size_t size = PERCPU_DYNAMIC_EARLY_SLOTS * sizeof(map[0]);

		BUILD_BUG_ON(size > PAGE_SIZE);

		map = pcpu_mem_alloc(size);
		BUG_ON(!map);

		spin_lock_irqsave(&pcpu_lock, flags);
		memcpy(map, chunk->map, size);
		chunk->map = map;
		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pcpu_lock, flags);
	}
}