path: root/gcc/gimple-low.c

/* Tree lowering pass.  Lowers GIMPLE into unstructured form.

   Copyright (C) 2003, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

This file is part of GCC.

GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later
version.

GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GCC; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free
Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
02111-1307, USA.  */

#include "config.h"
#include "system.h"
#include "coretypes.h"
#include "tm.h"
#include "tree.h"
#include "rtl.h"
#include "varray.h"
#include "tree-gimple.h"
#include "tree-inline.h"
#include "diagnostic.h"
#include "langhooks.h"
#include "langhooks-def.h"
#include "tree-flow.h"
#include "timevar.h"
#include "except.h"
#include "hashtab.h"
#include "flags.h"
#include "function.h"
#include "expr.h"
#include "toplev.h"
#include "tree-pass.h"
#include "pointer-set.h"

struct lower_data
{
  /* Block the current statement belongs to.  */
  tree block;

  /* A TREE_LIST of label and return statements to be moved to the end
     of the function.  */
  tree return_statements;
};

static void lower_stmt (tree_stmt_iterator *, struct lower_data *);
static void lower_bind_expr (tree_stmt_iterator *, struct lower_data *);
static void lower_cond_expr (tree_stmt_iterator *, struct lower_data *);
static void lower_return_expr (tree_stmt_iterator *, struct lower_data *);
static bool expand_var_p (tree);

/* Lowers the body of current_function_decl.  */

static void
lower_function_body (void)
{
  struct lower_data data;
  tree *body_p = &DECL_SAVED_TREE (current_function_decl);
  tree bind = *body_p;
  tree_stmt_iterator i;
  tree t, x;

  gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (bind) == BIND_EXPR);

  data.block = DECL_INITIAL (current_function_decl);
  BLOCK_SUBBLOCKS (data.block) = NULL_TREE;
  BLOCK_CHAIN (data.block) = NULL_TREE;
  TREE_ASM_WRITTEN (data.block) = 1;

  data.return_statements = NULL_TREE;

  *body_p = alloc_stmt_list ();
  i = tsi_start (*body_p);
  tsi_link_after (&i, bind, TSI_NEW_STMT);
  lower_bind_expr (&i, &data);

  i = tsi_last (*body_p);

  /* If the function falls off the end, we need a null return statement.
     If we've already got one in the return_statements list, we don't
     need to do anything special.  Otherwise build one by hand.  */
  if (block_may_fallthru (*body_p)
      && (data.return_statements == NULL
          || TREE_OPERAND (TREE_VALUE (data.return_statements), 0) != NULL))
    {
      x = build (RETURN_EXPR, void_type_node, NULL);
      SET_EXPR_LOCATION (x, cfun->function_end_locus);
      tsi_link_after (&i, x, TSI_CONTINUE_LINKING);
    }

  /* If we lowered any return statements, emit the representative
     at the end of the function.  */
  for (t = data.return_statements ; t ; t = TREE_CHAIN (t))
    {
      x = build (LABEL_EXPR, void_type_node, TREE_PURPOSE (t));
      tsi_link_after (&i, x, TSI_CONTINUE_LINKING);

      /* Remove the line number from the representative return statement.
	 It now fills in for many such returns.  Failure to remove this
	 will result in incorrect results for coverage analysis.  */
      x = TREE_VALUE (t);
#ifdef USE_MAPPED_LOCATION
      SET_EXPR_LOCATION (x, UNKNOWN_LOCATION);
#else
      SET_EXPR_LOCUS (x, NULL);
#endif
      tsi_link_after (&i, x, TSI_CONTINUE_LINKING);
    }

  gcc_assert (data.block == DECL_INITIAL (current_function_decl));
  BLOCK_SUBBLOCKS (data.block)
    = blocks_nreverse (BLOCK_SUBBLOCKS (data.block));

  clear_block_marks (data.block);
}

struct tree_opt_pass pass_lower_cf = 
{
  "lower",				/* name */
  NULL,					/* gate */
  NULL, NULL,				/* IPA analysis */
  lower_function_body,			/* execute */
  NULL, NULL,				/* IPA modification */
  NULL,					/* sub */
  NULL,					/* next */
  0,					/* static_pass_number */
  0,					/* tv_id */
  PROP_gimple_any,			/* properties_required */
  PROP_gimple_lcf,			/* properties_provided */
  PROP_gimple_any,			/* properties_destroyed */
  0,					/* todo_flags_start */
  TODO_dump_func,			/* todo_flags_finish */
  0					/* letter */
};


/* Lowers the EXPR.  Unlike gimplification the statements are not relowered
   when they are changed -- if this has to be done, the lowering routine must
   do it explicitly.  DATA is passed through the recursion.  */

static void
lower_stmt_body (tree expr, struct lower_data *data)
{
  tree_stmt_iterator tsi;

  for (tsi = tsi_start (expr); !tsi_end_p (tsi); )
    lower_stmt (&tsi, data);
}

/* Lowers statement TSI.  DATA is passed through the recursion.  */

static void
lower_stmt (tree_stmt_iterator *tsi, struct lower_data *data)
{
  tree stmt = tsi_stmt (*tsi);

  if (EXPR_HAS_LOCATION (stmt) && data)
    TREE_BLOCK (stmt) = data->block;

  switch (TREE_CODE (stmt))
    {
    case BIND_EXPR:
      lower_bind_expr (tsi, data);
      return;
    case COND_EXPR:
      lower_cond_expr (tsi, data);
      return;
    case RETURN_EXPR:
      lower_return_expr (tsi, data);
      return;

    case TRY_FINALLY_EXPR:
    case TRY_CATCH_EXPR:
      lower_stmt_body (TREE_OPERAND (stmt, 0), data);
      lower_stmt_body (TREE_OPERAND (stmt, 1), data);
      break;
    case CATCH_EXPR:
      lower_stmt_body (CATCH_BODY (stmt), data);
      break;
    case EH_FILTER_EXPR:
      lower_stmt_body (EH_FILTER_FAILURE (stmt), data);
      break;
      
    case NOP_EXPR:
    case ASM_EXPR:
    case MODIFY_EXPR:
    case CALL_EXPR:
    case GOTO_EXPR:
    case LABEL_EXPR:
    case SWITCH_EXPR:
      break;

    default:
#ifdef ENABLE_CHECKING
      print_node_brief (stderr, "", stmt, 0);
      internal_error ("unexpected node");
#endif
    case COMPOUND_EXPR:
      gcc_unreachable ();
    }

  tsi_next (tsi);
}

/* Lowers a bind_expr TSI.  DATA is passed through the recursion.  */

static void
lower_bind_expr (tree_stmt_iterator *tsi, struct lower_data *data)
{
  tree old_block = data->block;
  tree stmt = tsi_stmt (*tsi);
  tree new_block = BIND_EXPR_BLOCK (stmt);

  if (new_block)
    {
      if (new_block == old_block)
	{
	  /* The outermost block of the original function may not be the
	     outermost statement chain of the gimplified function.  So we
	     may see the outermost block just inside the function.  */
	  gcc_assert (new_block == DECL_INITIAL (current_function_decl));
	  new_block = NULL;
	}
      else
	{
	  /* We do not expect to handle duplicate blocks.  */
	  gcc_assert (!TREE_ASM_WRITTEN (new_block));
	  TREE_ASM_WRITTEN (new_block) = 1;

	  /* Block tree may get clobbered by inlining.  Normally this would
	     be fixed in rest_of_decl_compilation using block notes, but
	     since we are not going to emit them, it is up to us.  */
	  BLOCK_CHAIN (new_block) = BLOCK_SUBBLOCKS (old_block);
	  BLOCK_SUBBLOCKS (old_block) = new_block;
	  BLOCK_SUBBLOCKS (new_block) = NULL_TREE;
	  BLOCK_SUPERCONTEXT (new_block) = old_block;

	  data->block = new_block;
	}
    }

  record_vars (BIND_EXPR_VARS (stmt));
  lower_stmt_body (BIND_EXPR_BODY (stmt), data);

  if (new_block)
    {
      gcc_assert (data->block == new_block);

      BLOCK_SUBBLOCKS (new_block)
	= blocks_nreverse (BLOCK_SUBBLOCKS (new_block));
      data->block = old_block;
    }

  /* The BIND_EXPR no longer carries any useful information -- kill it.  */
  tsi_link_before (tsi, BIND_EXPR_BODY (stmt), TSI_SAME_STMT);
  tsi_delink (tsi);
}

/* Try to determine whether a TRY_CATCH expression can fall through.
   This is a subroutine of block_may_fallthru.  */

static bool
try_catch_may_fallthru (tree stmt)
{
  tree_stmt_iterator i;

  /* If the TRY block can fall through, the whole TRY_CATCH can
     fall through.  */
  if (block_may_fallthru (TREE_OPERAND (stmt, 0)))
    return true;

  i = tsi_start (TREE_OPERAND (stmt, 1));
  switch (TREE_CODE (tsi_stmt (i)))
    {
    case CATCH_EXPR:
      /* We expect to see a sequence of CATCH_EXPR trees, each with a
	 catch expression and a body.  The whole TRY_CATCH may fall
	 through iff any of the catch bodies falls through.  */
      for (; !tsi_end_p (i); tsi_next (&i))
	{
	  if (block_may_fallthru (CATCH_BODY (tsi_stmt (i))))
	    return true;
	}
      return false;

    case EH_FILTER_EXPR:
      /* The exception filter expression only matters if there is an
	 exception.  If the exception does not match EH_FILTER_TYPES,
	 we will execute EH_FILTER_FAILURE, and we will fall through
	 if that falls through.  If the exception does match
	 EH_FILTER_TYPES, the stack unwinder will continue up the
	 stack, so we will not fall through.  We don't know whether we
	 will throw an exception which matches EH_FILTER_TYPES or not,
	 so we just ignore EH_FILTER_TYPES and assume that we might
	 throw an exception which doesn't match.  */
      return block_may_fallthru (EH_FILTER_FAILURE (tsi_stmt (i)));

    default:
      /* This case represents statements to be executed when an
	 exception occurs.  Those statements are implicitly followed
	 by a RESX_EXPR to resume execution after the exception.  So
	 in this case the TRY_CATCH never falls through.  */
      return false;
    }
}

/* Try to determine if we can fall out of the bottom of BLOCK.  This guess
   need not be 100% accurate; simply be conservative and return true if we
   don't know.  This is used only to avoid stupidly generating extra code.
   If we're wrong, we'll just delete the extra code later.  */

bool
block_may_fallthru (tree block)
{
  tree stmt = expr_last (block);

  switch (stmt ? TREE_CODE (stmt) : ERROR_MARK)
    {
    case GOTO_EXPR:
    case RETURN_EXPR:
    case RESX_EXPR:
      /* Easy cases.  If the last statement of the block implies 
	 control transfer, then we can't fall through.  */
      return false;

    case SWITCH_EXPR:
      /* If SWITCH_LABELS is set, this is lowered, and represents a
	 branch to a selected label and hence can not fall through.
	 Otherwise SWITCH_BODY is set, and the switch can fall
	 through.  */
      return SWITCH_LABELS (stmt) == NULL_TREE;

    case COND_EXPR:
      if (block_may_fallthru (COND_EXPR_THEN (stmt)))
	return true;
      return block_may_fallthru (COND_EXPR_ELSE (stmt));

    case BIND_EXPR:
      return block_may_fallthru (BIND_EXPR_BODY (stmt));

    case TRY_CATCH_EXPR:
      return try_catch_may_fallthru (stmt);

    case TRY_FINALLY_EXPR:
      /* The finally clause is always executed after the try clause,
	 so if it does not fall through, then the try-finally will not
	 fall through.  Otherwise, if the try clause does not fall
	 through, then when the finally clause falls through it will
	 resume execution wherever the try clause was going.  So the
	 whole try-finally will only fall through if both the try
	 clause and the finally clause fall through.  */
      return (block_may_fallthru (TREE_OPERAND (stmt, 0))
	      && block_may_fallthru (TREE_OPERAND (stmt, 1)));

    case MODIFY_EXPR:
      if (TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (stmt, 1)) == CALL_EXPR)
	stmt = TREE_OPERAND (stmt, 1);
      else
	return true;
      /* FALLTHRU */

    case CALL_EXPR:
      /* Functions that do not return do not fall through.  */
      return (call_expr_flags (stmt) & ECF_NORETURN) == 0;

    default:
      return true;
    }
}

/* Lowers a cond_expr TSI.  DATA is passed through the recursion.  */

static void
lower_cond_expr (tree_stmt_iterator *tsi, struct lower_data *data)
{
  tree stmt = tsi_stmt (*tsi);
  bool then_is_goto, else_is_goto;
  tree then_branch, else_branch;
  tree then_goto, else_goto;
  
  then_branch = COND_EXPR_THEN (stmt);
  else_branch = COND_EXPR_ELSE (stmt);

  lower_stmt_body (then_branch, data);
  lower_stmt_body (else_branch, data);

  then_goto = expr_only (then_branch);
  then_is_goto = (then_goto && simple_goto_p (then_goto)
		  && !EXPR_LOCUS (then_goto));

  else_goto = expr_only (else_branch);
  else_is_goto = (else_goto && simple_goto_p (else_goto)
		  && !EXPR_LOCUS (else_goto));

  if (!then_is_goto || !else_is_goto)
    {
      tree then_label, else_label, end_label, t;

      then_label = NULL_TREE;
      else_label = NULL_TREE;
      end_label = NULL_TREE;
 
      /* Replace the cond_expr with explicit gotos.  */
      if (!then_is_goto)
	{
	  t = build1 (LABEL_EXPR, void_type_node, NULL_TREE);
	  if (TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (then_branch))
	    then_label = t;
	  else
	    end_label = t;
	  then_goto = build_and_jump (&LABEL_EXPR_LABEL (t));
	}

      if (!else_is_goto)
	{
	  t = build1 (LABEL_EXPR, void_type_node, NULL_TREE);
	  if (TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (else_branch))
	    else_label = t;
	  else
	    {
	      /* Both THEN and ELSE can be no-ops if one or both contained an
	         empty BIND_EXPR that was associated with the toplevel block
	         of an inlined function.  In that case remove_useless_stmts
	         can't have cleaned things up for us; kill the whole 
	         conditional now.  */
	      if (end_label)
		{
		  tsi_delink (tsi);
		  return;
		}
	      else
		end_label = t;
	    }
	  else_goto = build_and_jump (&LABEL_EXPR_LABEL (t));
	}

      if (then_label)
	{
	  bool may_fallthru = block_may_fallthru (then_branch);

	  tsi_link_after (tsi, then_label, TSI_CONTINUE_LINKING);
	  tsi_link_after (tsi, then_branch, TSI_CONTINUE_LINKING);
  
	  if (else_label && may_fallthru)
	    {
	      end_label = build1 (LABEL_EXPR, void_type_node, NULL_TREE);
	      t = build_and_jump (&LABEL_EXPR_LABEL (end_label));
	      tsi_link_after (tsi, t, TSI_CONTINUE_LINKING);
	    }
	}
  
      if (else_label)
	{
	  tsi_link_after (tsi, else_label, TSI_CONTINUE_LINKING);
	  tsi_link_after (tsi, else_branch, TSI_CONTINUE_LINKING);
	}

      if (end_label)
	tsi_link_after (tsi, end_label, TSI_CONTINUE_LINKING);
    }

  COND_EXPR_THEN (stmt) = then_goto;
  COND_EXPR_ELSE (stmt) = else_goto;

  tsi_next (tsi);
}

static void
lower_return_expr (tree_stmt_iterator *tsi, struct lower_data *data)
{
  tree stmt = tsi_stmt (*tsi);
  tree value, t, label;

  /* Extract the value being returned.  */
  value = TREE_OPERAND (stmt, 0);
  if (value && TREE_CODE (value) == MODIFY_EXPR)
    value = TREE_OPERAND (value, 1);

  /* Match this up with an existing return statement that's been created.  */
  for (t = data->return_statements; t ; t = TREE_CHAIN (t))
    {
      tree tvalue = TREE_OPERAND (TREE_VALUE (t), 0);
      if (tvalue && TREE_CODE (tvalue) == MODIFY_EXPR)
	tvalue = TREE_OPERAND (tvalue, 1);

      if (value == tvalue)
	{
	  label = TREE_PURPOSE (t);
	  goto found;
	}
    }

  /* Not found.  Create a new label and record the return statement.  */
  label = create_artificial_label ();
  data->return_statements = tree_cons (label, stmt, data->return_statements);

  /* Generate a goto statement and remove the return statement.  */
 found:
  t = build (GOTO_EXPR, void_type_node, label);
  SET_EXPR_LOCUS (t, EXPR_LOCUS (stmt));
  tsi_link_before (tsi, t, TSI_SAME_STMT);
  tsi_delink (tsi);
}


/* Record the variables in VARS.  */

void
record_vars (tree vars)
{
  for (; vars; vars = TREE_CHAIN (vars))
    {
      tree var = vars;

      /* Nothing to do in this case.  */
      if (DECL_EXTERNAL (var))
	continue;
      if (TREE_CODE (var) == FUNCTION_DECL)
	continue;

      /* Record the variable.  */
      cfun->unexpanded_var_list = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, var,
					     cfun->unexpanded_var_list);
    }
}

/* Check whether to expand a variable VAR.  */

static bool
expand_var_p (tree var)
{
  struct var_ann_d *ann;

  if (TREE_CODE (var) != VAR_DECL)
    return true;

  /* Leave statics and externals alone.  */
  if (TREE_STATIC (var) || DECL_EXTERNAL (var))
    return true;

  /* Remove all unused local variables.  */
  ann = var_ann (var);
  if (!ann || !ann->used)
    return false;

  return true;
}

/* Throw away variables that are unused.  */

static void
remove_useless_vars (void)
{
  tree var, *cell;
  FILE *df = NULL;

  if (dump_file && (dump_flags & TDF_DETAILS))
    {
      df = dump_file;
      fputs ("Discarding as unused:\n", df);
    }

  for (cell = &cfun->unexpanded_var_list; *cell; )
    {
      var = TREE_VALUE (*cell);

      if (!expand_var_p (var))
	{
	  if (df)
	    {
	      fputs ("  ", df);
	      print_generic_expr (df, var, dump_flags);
	      fputc ('\n', df);
	    }

	  *cell = TREE_CHAIN (*cell);
	  continue;
	}

      cell = &TREE_CHAIN (*cell);
    }

  if (df)
    fputc ('\n', df);
}

struct tree_opt_pass pass_remove_useless_vars = 
{
  "vars",				/* name */
  NULL,					/* gate */
  NULL, NULL,				/* IPA analysis */
  remove_useless_vars,			/* execute */
  NULL, NULL,				/* IPA modification */
  NULL,					/* sub */
  NULL,					/* next */
  0,					/* static_pass_number */
  0,					/* tv_id */
  0,					/* properties_required */
  0,					/* properties_provided */
  0,					/* properties_destroyed */
  0,					/* todo_flags_start */
  TODO_dump_func,			/* todo_flags_finish */
  0					/* letter */
};

/* Mark BLOCK used if it has a used variable in it, then recurse over its
   subblocks.  */

static void
mark_blocks_with_used_vars (tree block)
{
  tree var;
  tree subblock;

  if (!TREE_USED (block))
    {
      for (var = BLOCK_VARS (block);
	   var;
	   var = TREE_CHAIN (var))
	{
	  if (TREE_USED (var))
	    {
	      TREE_USED (block) = true;
	      break;
	    }
	}
    }
  for (subblock = BLOCK_SUBBLOCKS (block);
       subblock;
       subblock = BLOCK_CHAIN (subblock))
    mark_blocks_with_used_vars (subblock);
}

/* Mark the used attribute on blocks correctly.  */
  
static void
mark_used_blocks (void)
{  
  mark_blocks_with_used_vars (DECL_INITIAL (current_function_decl));
}


struct tree_opt_pass pass_mark_used_blocks = 
{
  "blocks",				/* name */
  NULL,					/* gate */
  NULL, NULL,				/* IPA analysis */
  mark_used_blocks,			/* execute */
  NULL, NULL,				/* IPA analysis */
  NULL,					/* sub */
  NULL,					/* next */
  0,					/* static_pass_number */
  0,					/* tv_id */
  0,					/* properties_required */
  0,					/* properties_provided */
  0,					/* properties_destroyed */
  0,					/* todo_flags_start */
  TODO_dump_func,			/* todo_flags_finish */
  0					/* letter */
};

/* Lower a MEM_REF tree to it's equivalent INDIRECT_REF form.  TP is a
   pointer to the tree we are currently walking, and DATA is a pointer
   to it's block_stmt_iterator, used for inserting whatever
   expressions are necessary to create GIMPLE from it.  */ 

static tree
lower_memref (tree *tp,
	      int *walk_subtrees ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
	      void *data)
{
  block_stmt_iterator *bsip = (block_stmt_iterator *)data;
  if (TREE_CODE (*tp) == MEM_REF)
    {
      tree indirect;
      tree stmts;
      tree with;
      with = build2 (MULT_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (MEM_REF_INDEX (*tp)),
		     MEM_REF_INDEX (*tp),
		     size_in_bytes (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (MEM_REF_SYMBOL (*tp)))));
      with = fold_convert (TREE_TYPE (MEM_REF_SYMBOL (*tp)), with);      
      with = build2 (PLUS_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (MEM_REF_SYMBOL (*tp)),
		     MEM_REF_SYMBOL (*tp), with);
      

      with = force_gimple_operand (with, &stmts, false, NULL_TREE);
      if (stmts)
	bsi_insert_before (bsip, stmts, BSI_SAME_STMT);
      
      indirect = build1 (INDIRECT_REF, TREE_TYPE (*tp), with);
      TREE_READONLY (indirect) = TREE_READONLY (*tp);
      TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (indirect) = TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (*tp);
      TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (indirect) = TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (*tp);
      
      indirect = force_gimple_operand (indirect, &stmts, false, 
					     NULL_TREE);
      if (stmts)
	bsi_insert_before (bsip, stmts, BSI_SAME_STMT);
      *tp = indirect;
    }
  return NULL_TREE;
}
      
/* Convert MEM_REF trees into their equivalent INDIRECT_REF form
   across the entire function.  MEM_REF (symbol, index) = INDIRECT_REF
   (symbol + (index * size in bytes of the type symbol points to))  */

static void
lower_memrefs (void)
{
  struct pointer_set_t *visited_nodes;
  basic_block bb;
  FOR_ALL_BB (bb)
    {
      block_stmt_iterator bsi;
      for (bsi = bsi_start (bb);
	   !bsi_end_p (bsi);
	   bsi_next (&bsi))
      {
	tree stmt = bsi_stmt (bsi);
	visited_nodes = pointer_set_create ();
	walk_tree (&stmt,  lower_memref, (void *)&bsi, visited_nodes);
	if (in_ssa_p)
	  update_stmt (stmt);
	pointer_set_destroy (visited_nodes);
		   
      }
    }
}
struct tree_opt_pass pass_lower_memref = 
{
  "memrefs",				/* name */
  NULL,					/* gate */
  NULL, NULL,				/* IPA analysis */
  lower_memrefs,			/* execute */
  NULL, NULL,				/* IPA analysis */
  NULL,					/* sub */
  NULL,					/* next */
  0,					/* static_pass_number */
  0,					/* tv_id */
  0,					/* properties_required */
  0,					/* properties_provided */
  0,					/* properties_destroyed */
  0,					/* todo_flags_start */
  TODO_dump_func,			/* todo_flags_finish */
  0					/* letter */
};