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authorMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>2012-03-21 16:34:11 -0700
committerLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2012-03-21 17:54:59 -0700
commitcc9a6c8776615f9c194ccf0b63a0aa5628235545 (patch)
tree0cbbf118e86541f8eb2fc7b717a0e08eaced986d /mm
parente845e199362cc5712ba0e7eedc14eed70e144258 (diff)
cpuset: mm: reduce large amounts of memory barrier related damage v3
Commit c0ff7453bb5c ("cpuset,mm: fix no node to alloc memory when changing cpuset's mems") wins a super prize for the largest number of memory barriers entered into fast paths for one commit. [get|put]_mems_allowed is incredibly heavy with pairs of full memory barriers inserted into a number of hot paths. This was detected while investigating at large page allocator slowdown introduced some time after 2.6.32. The largest portion of this overhead was shown by oprofile to be at an mfence introduced by this commit into the page allocator hot path. For extra style points, the commit introduced the use of yield() in an implementation of what looks like a spinning mutex. This patch replaces the full memory barriers on both read and write sides with a sequence counter with just read barriers on the fast path side. This is much cheaper on some architectures, including x86. The main bulk of the patch is the retry logic if the nodemask changes in a manner that can cause a false failure. While updating the nodemask, a check is made to see if a false failure is a risk. If it is, the sequence number gets bumped and parallel allocators will briefly stall while the nodemask update takes place. In a page fault test microbenchmark, oprofile samples from __alloc_pages_nodemask went from 4.53% of all samples to 1.15%. The actual results were 3.3.0-rc3 3.3.0-rc3 rc3-vanilla nobarrier-v2r1 Clients 1 UserTime 0.07 ( 0.00%) 0.08 (-14.19%) Clients 2 UserTime 0.07 ( 0.00%) 0.07 ( 2.72%) Clients 4 UserTime 0.08 ( 0.00%) 0.07 ( 3.29%) Clients 1 SysTime 0.70 ( 0.00%) 0.65 ( 6.65%) Clients 2 SysTime 0.85 ( 0.00%) 0.82 ( 3.65%) Clients 4 SysTime 1.41 ( 0.00%) 1.41 ( 0.32%) Clients 1 WallTime 0.77 ( 0.00%) 0.74 ( 4.19%) Clients 2 WallTime 0.47 ( 0.00%) 0.45 ( 3.73%) Clients 4 WallTime 0.38 ( 0.00%) 0.37 ( 1.58%) Clients 1 Flt/sec/cpu 497620.28 ( 0.00%) 520294.53 ( 4.56%) Clients 2 Flt/sec/cpu 414639.05 ( 0.00%) 429882.01 ( 3.68%) Clients 4 Flt/sec/cpu 257959.16 ( 0.00%) 258761.48 ( 0.31%) Clients 1 Flt/sec 495161.39 ( 0.00%) 517292.87 ( 4.47%) Clients 2 Flt/sec 820325.95 ( 0.00%) 850289.77 ( 3.65%) Clients 4 Flt/sec 1020068.93 ( 0.00%) 1022674.06 ( 0.26%) MMTests Statistics: duration Sys Time Running Test (seconds) 135.68 132.17 User+Sys Time Running Test (seconds) 164.2 160.13 Total Elapsed Time (seconds) 123.46 120.87 The overall improvement is small but the System CPU time is much improved and roughly in correlation to what oprofile reported (these performance figures are without profiling so skew is expected). The actual number of page faults is noticeably improved. For benchmarks like kernel builds, the overall benefit is marginal but the system CPU time is slightly reduced. To test the actual bug the commit fixed I opened two terminals. The first ran within a cpuset and continually ran a small program that faulted 100M of anonymous data. In a second window, the nodemask of the cpuset was continually randomised in a loop. Without the commit, the program would fail every so often (usually within 10 seconds) and obviously with the commit everything worked fine. With this patch applied, it also worked fine so the fix should be functionally equivalent. Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Miao Xie <miaox@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Diffstat (limited to 'mm')
-rw-r--r--mm/filemap.c11
-rw-r--r--mm/hugetlb.c15
-rw-r--r--mm/mempolicy.c28
-rw-r--r--mm/page_alloc.c33
-rw-r--r--mm/slab.c13
-rw-r--r--mm/slub.c40
-rw-r--r--mm/vmscan.c2
7 files changed, 95 insertions, 47 deletions
diff --git a/mm/filemap.c b/mm/filemap.c
index f3230604006..843042045dc 100644
--- a/mm/filemap.c
+++ b/mm/filemap.c
@@ -499,10 +499,13 @@ struct page *__page_cache_alloc(gfp_t gfp)
struct page *page;
if (cpuset_do_page_mem_spread()) {
- get_mems_allowed();
- n = cpuset_mem_spread_node();
- page = alloc_pages_exact_node(n, gfp, 0);
- put_mems_allowed();
+ unsigned int cpuset_mems_cookie;
+ do {
+ cpuset_mems_cookie = get_mems_allowed();
+ n = cpuset_mem_spread_node();
+ page = alloc_pages_exact_node(n, gfp, 0);
+ } while (!put_mems_allowed(cpuset_mems_cookie) && !page);
+
return page;
}
return alloc_pages(gfp, 0);
diff --git a/mm/hugetlb.c b/mm/hugetlb.c
index 62f9fada4d6..b1c31487733 100644
--- a/mm/hugetlb.c
+++ b/mm/hugetlb.c
@@ -454,14 +454,16 @@ static struct page *dequeue_huge_page_vma(struct hstate *h,
struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned long address, int avoid_reserve)
{
- struct page *page = NULL;
+ struct page *page;
struct mempolicy *mpol;
nodemask_t *nodemask;
struct zonelist *zonelist;
struct zone *zone;
struct zoneref *z;
+ unsigned int cpuset_mems_cookie;
- get_mems_allowed();
+retry_cpuset:
+ cpuset_mems_cookie = get_mems_allowed();
zonelist = huge_zonelist(vma, address,
htlb_alloc_mask, &mpol, &nodemask);
/*
@@ -488,10 +490,15 @@ static struct page *dequeue_huge_page_vma(struct hstate *h,
}
}
}
-err:
+
mpol_cond_put(mpol);
- put_mems_allowed();
+ if (unlikely(!put_mems_allowed(cpuset_mems_cookie) && !page))
+ goto retry_cpuset;
return page;
+
+err:
+ mpol_cond_put(mpol);
+ return NULL;
}
static void update_and_free_page(struct hstate *h, struct page *page)
diff --git a/mm/mempolicy.c b/mm/mempolicy.c
index 71e1a523e20..cfb6c867875 100644
--- a/mm/mempolicy.c
+++ b/mm/mempolicy.c
@@ -1850,18 +1850,24 @@ struct page *
alloc_pages_vma(gfp_t gfp, int order, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned long addr, int node)
{
- struct mempolicy *pol = get_vma_policy(current, vma, addr);
+ struct mempolicy *pol;
struct zonelist *zl;
struct page *page;
+ unsigned int cpuset_mems_cookie;
+
+retry_cpuset:
+ pol = get_vma_policy(current, vma, addr);
+ cpuset_mems_cookie = get_mems_allowed();
- get_mems_allowed();
if (unlikely(pol->mode == MPOL_INTERLEAVE)) {
unsigned nid;
nid = interleave_nid(pol, vma, addr, PAGE_SHIFT + order);
mpol_cond_put(pol);
page = alloc_page_interleave(gfp, order, nid);
- put_mems_allowed();
+ if (unlikely(!put_mems_allowed(cpuset_mems_cookie) && !page))
+ goto retry_cpuset;
+
return page;
}
zl = policy_zonelist(gfp, pol, node);
@@ -1872,7 +1878,8 @@ alloc_pages_vma(gfp_t gfp, int order, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
struct page *page = __alloc_pages_nodemask(gfp, order,
zl, policy_nodemask(gfp, pol));
__mpol_put(pol);
- put_mems_allowed();
+ if (unlikely(!put_mems_allowed(cpuset_mems_cookie) && !page))
+ goto retry_cpuset;
return page;
}
/*
@@ -1880,7 +1887,8 @@ alloc_pages_vma(gfp_t gfp, int order, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
*/
page = __alloc_pages_nodemask(gfp, order, zl,
policy_nodemask(gfp, pol));
- put_mems_allowed();
+ if (unlikely(!put_mems_allowed(cpuset_mems_cookie) && !page))
+ goto retry_cpuset;
return page;
}
@@ -1907,11 +1915,14 @@ struct page *alloc_pages_current(gfp_t gfp, unsigned order)
{
struct mempolicy *pol = current->mempolicy;
struct page *page;
+ unsigned int cpuset_mems_cookie;
if (!pol || in_interrupt() || (gfp & __GFP_THISNODE))
pol = &default_policy;
- get_mems_allowed();
+retry_cpuset:
+ cpuset_mems_cookie = get_mems_allowed();
+
/*
* No reference counting needed for current->mempolicy
* nor system default_policy
@@ -1922,7 +1933,10 @@ struct page *alloc_pages_current(gfp_t gfp, unsigned order)
page = __alloc_pages_nodemask(gfp, order,
policy_zonelist(gfp, pol, numa_node_id()),
policy_nodemask(gfp, pol));
- put_mems_allowed();
+
+ if (unlikely(!put_mems_allowed(cpuset_mems_cookie) && !page))
+ goto retry_cpuset;
+
return page;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(alloc_pages_current);
diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index 673596ad9c8..40de6854b98 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -2380,8 +2380,9 @@ __alloc_pages_nodemask(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
{
enum zone_type high_zoneidx = gfp_zone(gfp_mask);
struct zone *preferred_zone;
- struct page *page;
+ struct page *page = NULL;
int migratetype = allocflags_to_migratetype(gfp_mask);
+ unsigned int cpuset_mems_cookie;
gfp_mask &= gfp_allowed_mask;
@@ -2400,15 +2401,15 @@ __alloc_pages_nodemask(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
if (unlikely(!zonelist->_zonerefs->zone))
return NULL;
- get_mems_allowed();
+retry_cpuset:
+ cpuset_mems_cookie = get_mems_allowed();
+
/* The preferred zone is used for statistics later */
first_zones_zonelist(zonelist, high_zoneidx,
nodemask ? : &cpuset_current_mems_allowed,
&preferred_zone);
- if (!preferred_zone) {
- put_mems_allowed();
- return NULL;
- }
+ if (!preferred_zone)
+ goto out;
/* First allocation attempt */
page = get_page_from_freelist(gfp_mask|__GFP_HARDWALL, nodemask, order,
@@ -2418,9 +2419,19 @@ __alloc_pages_nodemask(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
page = __alloc_pages_slowpath(gfp_mask, order,
zonelist, high_zoneidx, nodemask,
preferred_zone, migratetype);
- put_mems_allowed();
trace_mm_page_alloc(page, order, gfp_mask, migratetype);
+
+out:
+ /*
+ * When updating a task's mems_allowed, it is possible to race with
+ * parallel threads in such a way that an allocation can fail while
+ * the mask is being updated. If a page allocation is about to fail,
+ * check if the cpuset changed during allocation and if so, retry.
+ */
+ if (unlikely(!put_mems_allowed(cpuset_mems_cookie) && !page))
+ goto retry_cpuset;
+
return page;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__alloc_pages_nodemask);
@@ -2634,13 +2645,15 @@ void si_meminfo_node(struct sysinfo *val, int nid)
bool skip_free_areas_node(unsigned int flags, int nid)
{
bool ret = false;
+ unsigned int cpuset_mems_cookie;
if (!(flags & SHOW_MEM_FILTER_NODES))
goto out;
- get_mems_allowed();
- ret = !node_isset(nid, cpuset_current_mems_allowed);
- put_mems_allowed();
+ do {
+ cpuset_mems_cookie = get_mems_allowed();
+ ret = !node_isset(nid, cpuset_current_mems_allowed);
+ } while (!put_mems_allowed(cpuset_mems_cookie));
out:
return ret;
}
diff --git a/mm/slab.c b/mm/slab.c
index f0bd7857ab3..29c8716eb7a 100644
--- a/mm/slab.c
+++ b/mm/slab.c
@@ -3284,12 +3284,10 @@ static void *alternate_node_alloc(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t flags)
if (in_interrupt() || (flags & __GFP_THISNODE))
return NULL;
nid_alloc = nid_here = numa_mem_id();
- get_mems_allowed();
if (cpuset_do_slab_mem_spread() && (cachep->flags & SLAB_MEM_SPREAD))
nid_alloc = cpuset_slab_spread_node();
else if (current->mempolicy)
nid_alloc = slab_node(current->mempolicy);
- put_mems_allowed();
if (nid_alloc != nid_here)
return ____cache_alloc_node(cachep, flags, nid_alloc);
return NULL;
@@ -3312,14 +3310,17 @@ static void *fallback_alloc(struct kmem_cache *cache, gfp_t flags)
enum zone_type high_zoneidx = gfp_zone(flags);
void *obj = NULL;
int nid;
+ unsigned int cpuset_mems_cookie;
if (flags & __GFP_THISNODE)
return NULL;
- get_mems_allowed();
- zonelist = node_zonelist(slab_node(current->mempolicy), flags);
local_flags = flags & (GFP_CONSTRAINT_MASK|GFP_RECLAIM_MASK);
+retry_cpuset:
+ cpuset_mems_cookie = get_mems_allowed();
+ zonelist = node_zonelist(slab_node(current->mempolicy), flags);
+
retry:
/*
* Look through allowed nodes for objects available
@@ -3372,7 +3373,9 @@ retry:
}
}
}
- put_mems_allowed();
+
+ if (unlikely(!put_mems_allowed(cpuset_mems_cookie) && !obj))
+ goto retry_cpuset;
return obj;
}
diff --git a/mm/slub.c b/mm/slub.c
index 4907563ef7f..f4a6229848f 100644
--- a/mm/slub.c
+++ b/mm/slub.c
@@ -1581,6 +1581,7 @@ static struct page *get_any_partial(struct kmem_cache *s, gfp_t flags,
struct zone *zone;
enum zone_type high_zoneidx = gfp_zone(flags);
void *object;
+ unsigned int cpuset_mems_cookie;
/*
* The defrag ratio allows a configuration of the tradeoffs between
@@ -1604,23 +1605,32 @@ static struct page *get_any_partial(struct kmem_cache *s, gfp_t flags,
get_cycles() % 1024 > s->remote_node_defrag_ratio)
return NULL;
- get_mems_allowed();
- zonelist = node_zonelist(slab_node(current->mempolicy), flags);
- for_each_zone_zonelist(zone, z, zonelist, high_zoneidx) {
- struct kmem_cache_node *n;
-
- n = get_node(s, zone_to_nid(zone));
-
- if (n && cpuset_zone_allowed_hardwall(zone, flags) &&
- n->nr_partial > s->min_partial) {
- object = get_partial_node(s, n, c);
- if (object) {
- put_mems_allowed();
- return object;
+ do {
+ cpuset_mems_cookie = get_mems_allowed();
+ zonelist = node_zonelist(slab_node(current->mempolicy), flags);
+ for_each_zone_zonelist(zone, z, zonelist, high_zoneidx) {
+ struct kmem_cache_node *n;
+
+ n = get_node(s, zone_to_nid(zone));
+
+ if (n && cpuset_zone_allowed_hardwall(zone, flags) &&
+ n->nr_partial > s->min_partial) {
+ object = get_partial_node(s, n, c);
+ if (object) {
+ /*
+ * Return the object even if
+ * put_mems_allowed indicated that
+ * the cpuset mems_allowed was
+ * updated in parallel. It's a
+ * harmless race between the alloc
+ * and the cpuset update.
+ */
+ put_mems_allowed(cpuset_mems_cookie);
+ return object;
+ }
}
}
- }
- put_mems_allowed();
+ } while (!put_mems_allowed(cpuset_mems_cookie));
#endif
return NULL;
}
diff --git a/mm/vmscan.c b/mm/vmscan.c
index 440af1d899b..55d86c9506f 100644
--- a/mm/vmscan.c
+++ b/mm/vmscan.c
@@ -2343,7 +2343,6 @@ static unsigned long do_try_to_free_pages(struct zonelist *zonelist,
unsigned long writeback_threshold;
bool aborted_reclaim;
- get_mems_allowed();
delayacct_freepages_start();
if (global_reclaim(sc))
@@ -2407,7 +2406,6 @@ static unsigned long do_try_to_free_pages(struct zonelist *zonelist,
out:
delayacct_freepages_end();
- put_mems_allowed();
if (sc->nr_reclaimed)
return sc->nr_reclaimed;