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2014-06-18perf: Fix race in removing an eventPeter Zijlstra
commit 46ce0fe97a6be7532ce6126bb26ce89fed81528c upstream. When removing a (sibling) event we do: raw_spin_lock_irq(&ctx->lock); perf_group_detach(event); raw_spin_unlock_irq(&ctx->lock); <hole> perf_remove_from_context(event); raw_spin_lock_irq(&ctx->lock); ... raw_spin_unlock_irq(&ctx->lock); Now, assuming the event is a sibling, it will be 'unreachable' for things like ctx_sched_out() because that iterates the groups->siblings, and we just unhooked the sibling. So, if during <hole> we get ctx_sched_out(), it will miss the event and not call event_sched_out() on it, leaving it programmed on the PMU. The subsequent perf_remove_from_context() call will find the ctx is inactive and only call list_del_event() to remove the event from all other lists. Hereafter we can proceed to free the event; while still programmed! Close this hole by moving perf_group_detach() inside the same ctx->lock region(s) perf_remove_from_context() has. The condition on inherited events only in __perf_event_exit_task() is likely complete crap because non-inherited events are part of groups too and we're tearing down just the same. But leave that for another patch. Most-likely-Fixes: e03a9a55b4e ("perf: Change close() semantics for group events") Reported-by: Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu> Tested-by: Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu> Much-staring-at-traces-by: Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu> Much-staring-at-traces-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140505093124.GN17778@laptop.programming.kicks-ass.net Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2014-06-18perf: Limit perf_event_attr::sample_period to 63 bitsPeter Zijlstra
commit 0819b2e30ccb93edf04876237b6205eef84ec8d2 upstream. Vince reported that using a large sample_period (one with bit 63 set) results in wreckage since while the sample_period is fundamentally unsigned (negative periods don't make sense) the way we implement things very much rely on signed logic. So limit sample_period to 63 bits to avoid tripping over this. Reported-by: Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-p25fhunibl4y3qi0zuqmyf4b@git.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2014-06-18perf: Prevent false warning in perf_swevent_addJiri Olsa
commit 39af6b1678afa5880dda7e375cf3f9d395087f6d upstream. The perf cpu offline callback takes down all cpu context events and releases swhash->swevent_hlist. This could race with task context software event being just scheduled on this cpu via perf_swevent_add while cpu hotplug code already cleaned up event's data. The race happens in the gap between the cpu notifier code and the cpu being actually taken down. Note that only cpu ctx events are terminated in the perf cpu hotplug code. It's easily reproduced with: $ perf record -e faults perf bench sched pipe while putting one of the cpus offline: # echo 0 > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu1/online Console emits following warning: WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 2845 at kernel/events/core.c:5672 perf_swevent_add+0x18d/0x1a0() Modules linked in: CPU: 1 PID: 2845 Comm: sched-pipe Tainted: G W 3.14.0+ #256 Hardware name: Intel Corporation Montevina platform/To be filled by O.E.M., BIOS AMVACRB1.86C.0066.B00.0805070703 05/07/2008 0000000000000009 ffff880077233ab8 ffffffff81665a23 0000000000200005 0000000000000000 ffff880077233af8 ffffffff8104732c 0000000000000046 ffff88007467c800 0000000000000002 ffff88007a9cf2a0 0000000000000001 Call Trace: [<ffffffff81665a23>] dump_stack+0x4f/0x7c [<ffffffff8104732c>] warn_slowpath_common+0x8c/0xc0 [<ffffffff8104737a>] warn_slowpath_null+0x1a/0x20 [<ffffffff8110fb3d>] perf_swevent_add+0x18d/0x1a0 [<ffffffff811162ae>] event_sched_in.isra.75+0x9e/0x1f0 [<ffffffff8111646a>] group_sched_in+0x6a/0x1f0 [<ffffffff81083dd5>] ? sched_clock_local+0x25/0xa0 [<ffffffff811167e6>] ctx_sched_in+0x1f6/0x450 [<ffffffff8111757b>] perf_event_sched_in+0x6b/0xa0 [<ffffffff81117a4b>] perf_event_context_sched_in+0x7b/0xc0 [<ffffffff81117ece>] __perf_event_task_sched_in+0x43e/0x460 [<ffffffff81096f1e>] ? put_lock_stats.isra.18+0xe/0x30 [<ffffffff8107b3c8>] finish_task_switch+0xb8/0x100 [<ffffffff8166a7de>] __schedule+0x30e/0xad0 [<ffffffff81172dd2>] ? pipe_read+0x3e2/0x560 [<ffffffff8166b45e>] ? preempt_schedule_irq+0x3e/0x70 [<ffffffff8166b45e>] ? preempt_schedule_irq+0x3e/0x70 [<ffffffff8166b464>] preempt_schedule_irq+0x44/0x70 [<ffffffff816707f0>] retint_kernel+0x20/0x30 [<ffffffff8109e60a>] ? lockdep_sys_exit+0x1a/0x90 [<ffffffff812a4234>] lockdep_sys_exit_thunk+0x35/0x67 [<ffffffff81679321>] ? sysret_check+0x5/0x56 Fixing this by tracking the cpu hotplug state and displaying the WARN only if current cpu is initialized properly. Cc: Corey Ashford <cjashfor@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com> Reported-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1396861448-10097-1-git-send-email-jolsa@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2014-02-27perf: Fix hotplug splatPeter Zijlstra
Drew Richardson reported that he could make the kernel go *boom* when hotplugging while having perf events active. It turned out that when you have a group event, the code in __perf_event_exit_context() fails to remove the group siblings from the context. We then proceed with destroying and freeing the event, and when you re-plug the CPU and try and add another event to that CPU, things go *boom* because you've still got dead entries there. Reported-by: Drew Richardson <drew.richardson@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-k6v5wundvusvcseqj1si0oz0@git.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2014-01-16Merge branch 'perf/urgent' into perf/coreIngo Molnar
Pick up the latest fixes, refresh the development tree. Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2014-01-12perf: Introduce a flag to enable close-on-exec in perf_event_open()Yann Droneaud
Unlike recent modern userspace API such as: epoll_create1 (EPOLL_CLOEXEC), eventfd (EFD_CLOEXEC), fanotify_init (FAN_CLOEXEC), inotify_init1 (IN_CLOEXEC), signalfd (SFD_CLOEXEC), timerfd_create (TFD_CLOEXEC), or the venerable general purpose open (O_CLOEXEC), perf_event_open() syscall lack a flag to atomically set FD_CLOEXEC (eg. close-on-exec) flag on file descriptor it returns to userspace. The present patch adds a PERF_FLAG_FD_CLOEXEC flag to allow perf_event_open() syscall to atomically set close-on-exec. Having this flag will enable userspace to remove the file descriptor from the list of file descriptors being inherited across exec, without the need to call fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) and the associated race condition between the current thread and another thread calling fork(2) then execve(2). Links: - Secure File Descriptor Handling (Ulrich Drepper, 2008) http://udrepper.livejournal.com/20407.html - Excuse me son, but your code is leaking !!! (Dan Walsh, March 2012) http://danwalsh.livejournal.com/53603.html - Notes in DMA buffer sharing: leak and security hole http://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/Documentation/dma-buf-sharing.txt?id=v3.13-rc3#n428 Signed-off-by: Yann Droneaud <ydroneaud@opteya.com> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@ghostprotocols.net> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/8c03f54e1598b1727c19706f3af03f98685d9fe6.1388952061.git.ydroneaud@opteya.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2014-01-12perf/x86: Fix active_entry initializationStephane Eranian
This patch fixes a problem with the initialization of the struct perf_event active_entry field. It is defined inside an anonymous union and was initialized in perf_event_alloc() using INIT_LIST_HEAD(). However at that time, we do not know whether the event is going to use active_entry or hlist_entry (SW). Or at last, we don't want to make that determination there. The problem is that hlist and list_head are not initialized the same way. One is okay with NULL (from kzmalloc), the other needs to pointers to point to self. This patch resolves this problem by dropping the union. This will avoid problems later on, if someone starts using active_entry or hlist_entry without verifying that they actually overlap. This also solves the initialization problem. Signed-off-by: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Cc: ak@linux.intel.com Cc: acme@redhat.com Cc: jolsa@redhat.com Cc: zheng.z.yan@intel.com Cc: bp@alien8.de Cc: vincent.weaver@maine.edu Cc: maria.n.dimakopoulou@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1389176153-3128-2-git-send-email-eranian@google.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2013-12-17perf: Fix PERF_EVENT_IOC_PERIOD to force-reset the periodPeter Zijlstra
Vince Weaver reports that, on all architectures apart from ARM, PERF_EVENT_IOC_PERIOD doesn't actually update the period until the next event fires. This is counter-intuitive behaviour and is better dealt with in the core code. This patch ensures that the period is forcefully reset when dealing with such a request in the core code. A subsequent patch removes the equivalent hack from the ARM back-end. Reported-by: Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1385560479-11014-1-git-send-email-will.deacon@arm.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2013-12-17perf: Disable all pmus on unthrottling and reschedulingAlexander Shishkin
Currently, only one PMU in a context gets disabled during unthrottling and event_sched_{out,in}(), however, events in one context may belong to different pmus, which results in PMUs being reprogrammed while they are still enabled. This means that mixed PMU use [which is rare in itself] resulted in potentially completely unreliable results: corrupted events, bogus results, etc. This patch temporarily disables PMUs that correspond to each event in the context while these events are being modified. Signed-off-by: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com> Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1387196256-8030-1-git-send-email-alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2013-11-27perf: Add active_entry list head to struct perf_eventStephane Eranian
This patch adds a new field to the struct perf_event. It is intended to be used to chain events which are active (enabled). It helps in the hardware layer for PMUs which do not have actual counter restrictions, i.e., free running read-only counters. Active events are chained as opposed to being tracked via the counter they use. To save space we use a union with hlist_entry as both are mutually exclusive (suggested by Jiri Olsa). Signed-off-by: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: acme@redhat.com Cc: jolsa@redhat.com Cc: zheng.z.yan@intel.com Cc: bp@alien8.de Cc: maria.n.dimakopoulou@gmail.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1384275531-10892-2-git-send-email-eranian@google.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2013-11-19perf: Remove fragile swevent hlist optimizationPeter Zijlstra
Currently we only allocate a single cpu hashtable for per-cpu swevents; do away with this optimization for it is fragile in the face of things like perf_pmu_migrate_context(). The easiest thing is to make sure all CPUs are consistent wrt state. Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20130913111447.GN31370@twins.programming.kicks-ass.net Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2013-11-13list: introduce list_next_entry() and list_prev_entry()Oleg Nesterov
Add two trivial helpers list_next_entry() and list_prev_entry(), they can have a lot of users including list.h itself. In fact the 1st one is already defined in events/core.c and bnx2x_sp.c, so the patch simply moves the definition to list.h. Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: Eilon Greenstein <eilong@broadcom.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-11-12Merge branch 'perf-core-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull perf updates from Ingo Molnar: "As a first remark I'd like to note that the way to build perf tooling has been simplified and sped up, in the future it should be enough for you to build perf via: cd tools/perf/ make install (ie without the -j option.) The build system will figure out the number of CPUs and will do a parallel build+install. The various build system inefficiencies and breakages Linus reported against the v3.12 pull request should now be resolved - please (re-)report any remaining annoyances or bugs. Main changes on the perf kernel side: * Performance optimizations: . perf ring-buffer code optimizations, by Peter Zijlstra . perf ring-buffer code optimizations, by Oleg Nesterov . x86 NMI call-stack processing optimizations, by Peter Zijlstra . perf context-switch optimizations, by Peter Zijlstra . perf sampling speedups, by Peter Zijlstra . x86 Intel PEBS processing speedups, by Peter Zijlstra * Enhanced hardware support: . for Intel Ivy Bridge-EP uncore PMUs, by Zheng Yan . for Haswell transactions, by Andi Kleen, Peter Zijlstra * Core perf events code enhancements and fixes by Oleg Nesterov: . for uprobes, if fork() is called with pending ret-probes . for uprobes platform support code * New ABI details by Andi Kleen: . Report x86 Haswell TSX transaction abort cost as weight Main changes on the perf tooling side (some of these tooling changes utilize the above kernel side changes): * 'perf report/top' enhancements: . Convert callchain children list to rbtree, greatly reducing the time taken for callchain processing, from Namhyung Kim. . Add new COMM infrastructure, further improving histogram processing, from Frédéric Weisbecker, one fix from Namhyung Kim. . Add /proc/kcore based live-annotation improvements, including build-id cache support, multi map 'call' instruction navigation fixes, kcore address validation, objdump workarounds. From Adrian Hunter. . Show progress on histogram collapsing, that can take a long time, from Namhyung Kim. . Add --max-stack option to limit callchain stack scan in 'top' and 'report', improving callchain processing when reducing the stack depth is an option, from Waiman Long. . Add new option --ignore-vmlinux for perf top, from Willy Tarreau. * 'perf trace' enhancements: . 'perf trace' now can can use a 'perf probe' dynamic tracepoints to hook into the userspace -> kernel pathname copy so that it can map fds to pathnames without reading /proc/pid/fd/ symlinks. From Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo. . Show VFS path associated with fd in live sessions, using a 'vfs_getname' 'perf probe' created dynamic tracepoint or by looking at /proc/pid/fd, from Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo. . Add 'trace' beautifiers for lots of syscall arguments, from Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo. . Implement more compact 'trace' output by suppressing zeroed args, from Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo. . Show thread COMM by default in 'trace', from Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo. . Add option to show full timestamp in 'trace', from David Ahern. . Add 'record' command in 'trace', to record raw_syscalls:*, from David Ahern. . Add summary option to dump syscall statistics in 'trace', from David Ahern. . Improve error messages in 'trace', providing hints about system configuration steps needed for using it, from Ramkumar Ramachandra. . 'perf trace' now emits hints as to why tracing is not possible, helping the user to setup the system to allow tracing in the desired permission granularity, telling if the problem is due to debugfs not being mounted or with not enough permission for !root, /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoit value, etc. From Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo. * 'perf record' enhancements: . Check maximum frequency rate for record/top, emitting better error messages, from Jiri Olsa. . 'perf record' code cleanups, from David Ahern. . Improve write_output error message in 'perf record', from Adrian Hunter. . Allow specifying B/K/M/G unit to the --mmap-pages arguments, from Jiri Olsa. . Fix command line callchain attribute tests to handle the new -g/--call-chain semantics, from Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo. * 'perf kvm' enhancements: . Disable live kvm command if timerfd is not supported, from David Ahern. . Fix detection of non-core features, from David Ahern. * 'perf list' enhancements: . Add usage to 'perf list', from David Ahern. . Show error in 'perf list' if tracepoints not available, from Pekka Enberg. * 'perf probe' enhancements: . Support "$vars" meta argument syntax for local variables, allowing asking for all possible variables at a given probe point to be collected when it hits, from Masami Hiramatsu. * 'perf sched' enhancements: . Address the root cause of that 'perf sched' stack initialization build slowdown, by programmatically setting a big array after moving the global variable back to the stack. Fix from Adrian Hunter. * 'perf script' enhancements: . Set up output options for in-stream attributes, from Adrian Hunter. . Print addr by default for BTS in 'perf script', from Adrian Juntmer * 'perf stat' enhancements: . Improved messages when doing profiling in all or a subset of CPUs using a workload as the session delimitator, as in: 'perf stat --cpu 0,2 sleep 10s' from Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo. . Add units to nanosec-based counters in 'perf stat', from David Ahern. . Remove bogus info when using 'perf stat' -e cycles/instructions, from Ramkumar Ramachandra. * 'perf lock' enhancements: . 'perf lock' fixes and cleanups, from Davidlohr Bueso. * 'perf test' enhancements: . Fixup PERF_SAMPLE_TRANSACTION handling in sample synthesizing and 'perf test', from Adrian Hunter. . Clarify the "sample parsing" test entry, from Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo. . Consider PERF_SAMPLE_TRANSACTION in the "sample parsing" test, from Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo. . Memory leak fixes in 'perf test', from Felipe Pena. * 'perf bench' enhancements: . Change the procps visible command-name of invididual benchmark tests plus cleanups, from Ingo Molnar. * Generic perf tooling infrastructure/plumbing changes: . Separating data file properties from session, code reorganization from Jiri Olsa. . Fix version when building out of tree, as when using one of these: $ make help | grep perf perf-tar-src-pkg - Build perf-3.12.0.tar source tarball perf-targz-src-pkg - Build perf-3.12.0.tar.gz source tarball perf-tarbz2-src-pkg - Build perf-3.12.0.tar.bz2 source tarball perf-tarxz-src-pkg - Build perf-3.12.0.tar.xz source tarball $ from David Ahern. . Enhance option parse error message, showing just the help lines of the options affected, from Namhyung Kim. . libtraceevent updates from upstream trace-cmd repo, from Steven Rostedt. . Always use perf_evsel__set_sample_bit to set sample_type, from Adrian Hunter. . Memory and mmap leak fixes from Chenggang Qin. . Assorted build fixes for from David Ahern and Jiri Olsa. . Speed up and prettify the build system, from Ingo Molnar. . Implement addr2line directly using libbfd, from Roberto Vitillo. . Separate the GTK support in a separate libperf-gtk.so DSO, that is only loaded when --gtk is specified, from Namhyung Kim. . perf bash completion fixes and improvements from Ramkumar Ramachandra. . Support for Openembedded/Yocto -dbg packages, from Ricardo Ribalda Delgado. And lots and lots of other fixes and code reorganizations that did not make it into the list, see the shortlog, diffstat and the Git log for details!" * 'perf-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (300 commits) uprobes: Fix the memory out of bound overwrite in copy_insn() uprobes: Fix the wrong usage of current->utask in uprobe_copy_process() perf tools: Remove unneeded include perf record: Remove post_processing_offset variable perf record: Remove advance_output function perf record: Refactor feature handling into a separate function perf trace: Don't relookup fields by name in each sample perf tools: Fix version when building out of tree perf evsel: Ditch evsel->handler.data field uprobes: Export write_opcode() as uprobe_write_opcode() uprobes: Introduce arch_uprobe->ixol uprobes: Kill module_init() and module_exit() uprobes: Move function declarations out of arch perf/x86/intel: Add Ivy Bridge-EP uncore IRP box support perf/x86/intel/uncore: Add filter support for IvyBridge-EP QPI boxes perf: Factor out strncpy() in perf_event_mmap_event() tools/perf: Add required memory barriers perf: Fix arch_perf_out_copy_user default perf: Update a stale comment perf: Optimize perf_output_begin() -- address calculation ...
2013-11-07Merge tag 'driver-core-3.13-rc1' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core Pull driver core / sysfs patches from Greg KH: "Here's the big driver core / sysfs update for 3.13-rc1. There's lots of dev_groups updates for different subsystems, as they all get slowly migrated over to the safe versions of the attribute groups (removing userspace races with the creation of the sysfs files.) Also in here are some kobject updates, devres expansions, and the first round of Tejun's sysfs reworking to enable it to be used by other subsystems as a backend for an in-kernel filesystem. All of these have been in linux-next for a while with no reported issues" * tag 'driver-core-3.13-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core: (83 commits) sysfs: rename sysfs_assoc_lock and explain what it's about sysfs: use generic_file_llseek() for sysfs_file_operations sysfs: return correct error code on unimplemented mmap() mdio_bus: convert bus code to use dev_groups device: Make dev_WARN/dev_WARN_ONCE print device as well as driver name sysfs: separate out dup filename warning into a separate function sysfs: move sysfs_hash_and_remove() to fs/sysfs/dir.c sysfs: remove unused sysfs_get_dentry() prototype sysfs: honor bin_attr.attr.ignore_lockdep sysfs: merge sysfs_elem_bin_attr into sysfs_elem_attr devres: restore zeroing behavior of devres_alloc() sysfs: fix sysfs_write_file for bin file input: gameport: convert bus code to use dev_groups input: serio: remove bus usage of dev_attrs input: serio: use DEVICE_ATTR_RO() i2o: convert bus code to use dev_groups memstick: convert bus code to use dev_groups tifm: convert bus code to use dev_groups virtio: convert bus code to use dev_groups ipack: convert bus code to use dev_groups ...
2013-11-06perf: Factor out strncpy() in perf_event_mmap_event()Oleg Nesterov
While this is really minor, but strncpy() does the unnecessary zero-padding till the end of tmp[16] and it is called every time we are going to use the string literal. Turn these strncpy()'s into the single strlcpy() under the new label, saves 72 bytes. Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20131017182417.GA17753@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2013-10-29perf: Fix the perf context switch optimizationPeter Zijlstra
Currently we only optimize the context switch between two contexts that have the same parent; this forgoes the optimization between parent and child context, even though these contexts could be equivalent too. Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com> Cc: Shishkin, Alexander <alexander.shishkin@intel.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20131007164257.GH3081@twins.programming.kicks-ass.net Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2013-10-29perf: Change zero-padding of strings in perf_event_mmap_event()Peter Zijlstra
Oleg complained about the excessive 0-ing in perf_event_mmap_event(), so try and be smarter about it while keeping it fairly fool proof and avoid leaking random bits out to userspace. Suggested-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-8jirlm99m6if2z13wd6rbyu6@git.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2013-10-29perf: Do not waste PAGE_SIZE bytes for ALIGN(8) in perf_event_mmap_event()Oleg Nesterov
perf_event_mmap_event() does kzalloc(PATH_MAX + sizeof(u64)) to ensure we can align the size later. However this means that we actually allocate PAGE_SIZE * 2 buffer, seems too much. Change this code to allocate PATH_MAX==PAGE_SIZE bytes, but tell d_path() to not use the last sizeof(u64) bytes. Note: it is not clear why do we need __GFP_ZERO, see the next patch. Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20131016201004.GC23214@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2013-10-29perf: Kill the dead !vma->vm_mm code in perf_event_mmap_event()Oleg Nesterov
1. perf_event_mmap(vma) is never called with a gate_vma-like arg, remove the "if (!vma->vm_mm)" code. 2. arch_vma_name() can use the chached value of mmap_event->vma. 3. Change the code to not call arch_vma_name() twice. 4. Purely cosmetic, but since we use "goto got_name" all the time remove "else" from "[stack]" branch just for symmetry. Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20131016200945.GB23214@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2013-10-29perf: Remove useless atomic_tPeter Zijlstra
There's nothing atomic about atomic_set vs atomic_read; so remove the atomic_t usage. Also, make running_sample_length static as it really is (and should be) local to this translation unit. Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: eranian@google.com Cc: Don Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com> Cc: jmario@redhat.com Cc: acme@infradead.org Cc: dave.hansen@linux.intel.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-vw9lg588x1ic248whybjon0c@git.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2013-10-29Merge branch 'perf/urgent' into perf/coreIngo Molnar
Conflicts: tools/perf/builtin-record.c tools/perf/builtin-top.c tools/perf/util/hist.h
2013-10-19Merge 3.12-rc6 into driver-core-nextGreg Kroah-Hartman
We want these fixes here too. Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2013-10-17perf: Disable PERF_RECORD_MMAP2 supportStephane Eranian
For now, we disable the extended MMAP record support (MMAP2). We have identified cases where it would not report the correct mapping information, clone(VM_CLONE) but with separate pids. We will revisit the support once we find a solution for this case. The patch changes the kernel to return EINVAL if attr->mmap2 is set. The patch also modifies the perf tool to use regular PERF_RECORD_MMAP for synthetic events and it also prevents the tool from requesting attr->mmap2 mode because the kernel would reject it. The support will be revisited once the kenrel interface is updated. In V2, we reduce the patch to the strict minimum. In V3, we avoid calling perf_event_open() with mmap2 set because we know it will fail and require fallback retry. Signed-off-by: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20131017173215.GA8820@quad Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
2013-10-04perf: Add generic transaction flagsAndi Kleen
Add a generic qualifier for transaction events, as a new sample type that returns a flag word. This is particularly useful for qualifying aborts: to distinguish aborts which happen due to asynchronous events (like conflicts caused by another CPU) versus instructions that lead to an abort. The tuning strategies are very different for those cases, so it's important to distinguish them easily and early. Since it's inconvenient and inflexible to filter for this in the kernel we report all the events out and allow some post processing in user space. The flags are based on the Intel TSX events, but should be fairly generic and mostly applicable to other HTM architectures too. In addition to various flag words there's also reserved space to report an program supplied abort code. For TSX this is used to distinguish specific classes of aborts, like a lock busy abort when doing lock elision. Flags: Elision and generic transactions (ELISION vs TRANSACTION) (HLE vs RTM on TSX; IBM etc. would likely only use TRANSACTION) Aborts caused by current thread vs aborts caused by others (SYNC vs ASYNC) Retryable transaction (RETRY) Conflicts with other threads (CONFLICT) Transaction write capacity overflow (CAPACITY WRITE) Transaction read capacity overflow (CAPACITY READ) Transactions implicitely aborted can also return an abort code. This can be used to signal specific events to the profiler. A common case is abort on lock busy in a RTM eliding library (code 0xff) To handle this case we include the TSX abort code Common example aborts in TSX would be: - Data conflict with another thread on memory read. Flags: TRANSACTION|ASYNC|CONFLICT - executing a WRMSR in a transaction. Flags: TRANSACTION|SYNC - HLE transaction in user space is too large Flags: ELISION|SYNC|CAPACITY-WRITE The only flag that is somewhat TSX specific is ELISION. This adds the perf core glue needed for reporting the new flag word out. v2: Add MEM/MISC v3: Move transaction to the end v4: Separate capacity-read/write and remove misc v5: Remove _SAMPLE. Move abort flags to 32bit. Rename transaction to txn Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1379688044-14173-2-git-send-email-andi@firstfloor.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2013-10-04perf: Enforce 1 as lower limit for perf_event_max_sample_rateKnut Petersen
/proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_max_sample_rate will accept negative values as well as 0. Negative values are unreasonable, and 0 causes a divide by zero exception in perf_proc_update_handler. This patch enforces a lower limit of 1. Signed-off-by: Knut Petersen <Knut_Petersen@t-online.de> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/5242DB0C.4070005@t-online.de Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2013-10-04perf: Fix perf_pmu_migrate_contextPeter Zijlstra
While auditing the list_entry usage due to a trinity bug I found that perf_pmu_migrate_context violates the rules for perf_event::event_entry. The problem is that perf_event::event_entry is a RCU list element, and hence we must wait for a full RCU grace period before re-using the element after deletion. Therefore the usage in perf_pmu_migrate_context() which re-uses the entry immediately is broken. For now introduce another list_head into perf_event for this specific usage. This doesn't actually fix the trinity report because that never goes through this code. Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-mkj72lxagw1z8fvjm648iznw@git.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2013-09-29Merge 3.12-rc3 into driver-core-nextGreg Kroah-Hartman
We want the driver core and sysfs fixes in here to make merges and development easier. Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2013-09-26pmu_bus: convert bus code to use dev_groupsGreg Kroah-Hartman
The dev_attrs field of struct bus_type is going away soon, dev_groups should be used instead. This converts the pmu bus code to use the correct field. Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@ghostprotocols.net> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2013-09-20perf: Fix capabilities bitfield compatibility in 'struct perf_event_mmap_page'Peter Zijlstra
Solve the problems around the broken definition of perf_event_mmap_page:: cap_usr_time and cap_usr_rdpmc fields which used to overlap, partially fixed by: 860f085b74e9 ("perf: Fix broken union in 'struct perf_event_mmap_page'") The problem with the fix (merged in v3.12-rc1 and not yet released officially), noticed by Vince Weaver is that the new behavior is not detectable by new user-space, and that due to the reuse of the field names it's easy to mis-compile a binary if old headers are used on a new kernel or new headers are used on an old kernel. To solve all that make this change explicit, detectable and self-contained, by iterating the ABI the following way: - Always clear bit 0, and rename it to usrpage->cap_bit0, to at least not confuse old user-space binaries. RDPMC will be marked as unavailable to old binaries but that's within the ABI, this is a capability bit. - Rename bit 1 to ->cap_bit0_is_deprecated and always set it to 1, so new libraries can reliably detect that bit 0 is deprecated and perma-zero without having to check the kernel version. - Use bits 2, 3, 4 for the newly defined, correct functionality: cap_user_rdpmc : 1, /* The RDPMC instruction can be used to read counts */ cap_user_time : 1, /* The time_* fields are used */ cap_user_time_zero : 1, /* The time_zero field is used */ - Rename all the bitfield names in perf_event.h to be different from the old names, to make sure it's not possible to mis-compile it accidentally with old assumptions. The 'size' field can then be used in the future to add new fields and it will act as a natural ABI version indicator as well. Also adjust tools/perf/ userspace for the new definitions, noticed by Adrian Hunter. Reported-by: Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Also-Fixed-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-zr03yxjrpXesOzzupszqglbv@git.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2013-09-11perf: Fix up MMAP2 buffer space reservationArnaldo Carvalho de Melo
The ino_generation field was added in the PERF_RECORD_MMAP2 record in the 13d7a24 cset but no space for it was allocated, corrupting the PERF_FORMAT_{TIME,CPU,TID,etc} area (sample_type/sample_id_all), fix it. Detected with one of the regression tests done by 'perf test': [root@sandy ~]# perf test -v 7 7: Validate PERF_RECORD_* events & perf_sample fields : --- start --- 61315294449606 0 PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE 61315294453161 0 PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE 61315294454441 0 PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE 61315294455709 0 PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE 61315295600899 0 PERF_RECORD_COMM: sleep:6500 27917287430500 342521613 PERF_RECORD_MMAP2 6500/6500: [0x400000(0x7000) @ 0 00:1d 311442 9016]: /usr/bin/sleep MMAP2 going backwards in time, prev=61315295600899, curr=27917287430500 MMAP2 with unexpected cpu, expected 0, got 342521613 MMAP2 with unexpected pid, expected 6500, got 1701606191 MMAP2 with unexpected tid, expected 6500, got 28773 27917287430500 342561333 PERF_RECORD_MMAP2 6500/6500: [0x3b7e000000(0x223000) @ 0 00:1d 309186 9016]: /usr/lib64/ld-2.16.so MMAP2 with unexpected cpu, expected 0, got 342561333 MMAP2 with unexpected pid, expected 6500, got 1932408369 MMAP2 with unexpected tid, expected 6500, got 111 27917287430500 342600095 PERF_RECORD_MMAP2 6500/6500: [0x7fffbd7dc000(0x1000) @ 0x7fffbd7dc000 00:00 0 0]: [vdso] MMAP2 with unexpected cpu, expected 0, got 342600095 MMAP2 with unexpected pid, expected 6500, got 1935963739 MMAP2 with unexpected tid, expected 6500, got 23919 27917287430500 342882834 PERF_RECORD_MMAP2 6500/6500: [0x3b7e400000(0x3b8000) @ 0 00:1d 309187 9016]: /usr/lib64/libc-2.16.so MMAP2 with unexpected cpu, expected 0, got 342882834 MMAP2 with unexpected pid, expected 6500, got 909192754 MMAP2 with unexpected tid, expected 6500, got 7303982 61316297195411 0 PERF_RECORD_EXIT(6500:6500):(6500:6500) ---- end ---- Validate PERF_RECORD_* events & perf_sample fields: FAILED! [root@sandy ~]# After this patch: [root@sandy ~]# perf test 7 7: Validate PERF_RECORD_* events & perf_sample fields : Ok [root@sandy ~]# Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Acked-by: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com> Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-heeuv986b8ha7whqg4o3he7c@git.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
2013-09-04Merge branches 'perf-urgent-for-linus' and 'perf-core-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull perf changes from Ingo Molnar: "As a first remark I'd like to point out that the obsolete '-f' (--force) option, which has not done anything for several releases, has been removed from 'perf record' and related utilities. Everyone please update muscle memory accordingly! :-) Main changes on the perf kernel side: - Performance optimizations: . for trace events, by Steve Rostedt. . for time values, by Peter Zijlstra - New hardware support: . for Intel Silvermont (22nm Atom) CPUs, by Zheng Yan . for Intel SNB-EP uncore PMUs, by Zheng Yan - Enhanced hardware support: . for Intel uncore PMUs: add filter support for QPI boxes, by Zheng Yan - Core perf events code enhancements and fixes: . for full-nohz feature handling, by Frederic Weisbecker . for group events, by Jiri Olsa . for call chains, by Frederic Weisbecker . for event stream parsing, by Adrian Hunter - New ABI details: . Add attr->mmap2 attribute, by Stephane Eranian . Add PERF_EVENT_IOC_ID ioctl to return event ID, by Jiri Olsa . Export u64 time_zero on the mmap header page to allow TSC calculation, by Adrian Hunter . Add dummy software event, by Adrian Hunter. . Add a new PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER to make samples always parseable, by Adrian Hunter. . Make Power7 events available via sysfs, by Runzhen Wang. - Code cleanups and refactorings: . for nohz-full, by Frederic Weisbecker . for group events, by Jiri Olsa - Documentation updates: . for perf_event_type, by Peter Zijlstra Main changes on the perf tooling side (some of these tooling changes utilize the above kernel side changes): - Lots of 'perf trace' enhancements: . Make 'perf trace' command line arguments consistent with 'perf record', by David Ahern. . Allow specifying syscalls a la strace, by Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo. . Add --verbose and -o/--output options, by Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo. . Support ! in -e expressions, to filter a list of syscalls, by Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo. . Arg formatting improvements to allow masking arguments in syscalls such as futex and open, where the some arguments are ignored and thus should not be printed depending on other args, by Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo. . Beautify futex open, openat, open_by_handle_at, lseek and futex syscalls, by Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo. . Add option to analyze events in a file versus live, so that one can do: [root@zoo ~]# perf record -a -e raw_syscalls:* sleep 1 [ perf record: Woken up 0 times to write data ] [ perf record: Captured and wrote 25.150 MB perf.data (~1098836 samples) ] [root@zoo ~]# perf trace -i perf.data -e futex --duration 1 17.799 ( 1.020 ms): 7127 futex(uaddr: 0x7fff3f6c6674, op: 393, val: 1, utime: 0x7fff3f6c6470, ua 113.344 (95.429 ms): 7127 futex(uaddr: 0x7fff3f6c6674, op: 393, val: 1, utime: 0x7fff3f6c6470, uaddr2: 0x7fff3f6c6648, val3: 4294967 133.778 ( 1.042 ms): 18004 futex(uaddr: 0x7fff3f6c6674, op: 393, val: 1, utime: 0x7fff3f6c6470, uaddr2: 0x7fff3f6c6648, val3: 429496 [root@zoo ~]# By David Ahern. . Honor target pid / tid options when analyzing a file, by David Ahern. . Introduce better formatting of syscall arguments, including so far beautifiers for mmap, madvise, syscall return values, by Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo. . Handle HUGEPAGE defines in the mmap beautifier, by David Ahern. - 'perf report/top' enhancements: . Do annotation using /proc/kcore and /proc/kallsyms when available, removing the forced need for a vmlinux file kernel assembly annotation. This also improves this use case because vmlinux has just the initial kernel image, not what is actually in use after various code patchings by things like alternatives. By Adrian Hunter. . Add --ignore-callees=<regex> option to collapse undesired parts of call graphs, by Greg Price. . Simplify symbol filtering by doing it at machine class level, by Adrian Hunter. . Add support for callchains in the gtk UI, by Namhyung Kim. . Add --objdump option to 'perf top', by Sukadev Bhattiprolu. - 'perf kvm' enhancements: . Add option to print only events that exceed a specified time duration, by David Ahern. . Improve stack trace printing, by David Ahern. . Update documentation of the live command, by David Ahern . Add perf kvm stat live mode that combines aspects of 'perf kvm stat' record and report, by David Ahern. . Add option to analyze specific VM in perf kvm stat report, by David Ahern. . Do not require /lib/modules/* on a guest, by Jason Wessel. - 'perf script' enhancements: . Fix symbol offset computation for some dsos, by David Ahern. . Fix named threads support, by David Ahern. . Don't install scripting files files when perl/python support is disabled, by Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo. - 'perf test' enhancements: . Add various improvements and fixes to the "vmlinux matches kallsyms" 'perf test' entry, related to the /proc/kcore annotation feature. By Adrian Hunter. . Add sample parsing test, by Adrian Hunter. . Add test for reading object code, by Adrian Hunter. . Add attr record group sampling test, by Jiri Olsa. . Misc testing infrastructure improvements and other details, by Jiri Olsa. - 'perf list' enhancements: . Skip unsupported hardware events, by Namhyung Kim. . List pmu events, by Andi Kleen. - 'perf diff' enhancements: . Add support for more than two files comparison, by Jiri Olsa. - 'perf sched' enhancements: . Various improvements, including removing reliance on some scheduler tracepoints that provide the same information as the PERF_RECORD_{FORK,EXIT} events. By David Ahern. . Remove odd build stall by moving a large struct initialization from a local variable to a global one, by Namhyung Kim. - 'perf stat' enhancements: . Add --initial-delay option to skip measuring for a defined startup phase, by Andi Kleen. - Generic perf tooling infrastructure/plumbing changes: . Tidy up sample parsing validation, by Adrian Hunter. . Fix up jobserver setup in libtraceevent Makefile. by Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo. . Debug improvements, by Adrian Hunter. . Fix correlation of samples coming after PERF_RECORD_EXIT event, by David Ahern. . Improve robustness of the topology parsing code, by Stephane Eranian. . Add group leader sampling, that allows just one event in a group to sample while the other events have just its values read, by Jiri Olsa. . Add support for a new modifier "D", which requests that the event, or group of events, be pinned to the PMU. By Michael Ellerman. . Support callchain sorting based on addresses, by Andi Kleen . Prep work for multi perf data file storage, by Jiri Olsa. . libtraceevent cleanups, by Namhyung Kim. And lots and lots of other fixes and code reorganizations that did not make it into the list, see the shortlog, diffstat and the Git log for details!" [ Also merge a leftover from the 3.11 cycle ] * 'perf-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: perf: Prevent race in unthrottling code * 'perf-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (237 commits) perf trace: Tell arg formatters the arg index perf trace: Add beautifier for open's flags arg perf trace: Add beautifier for lseek's whence arg perf tools: Fix symbol offset computation for some dsos perf list: Skip unsupported events perf tests: Add 'keep tracking' test perf tools: Add support for PERF_COUNT_SW_DUMMY perf: Add a dummy software event to keep tracking perf trace: Add beautifier for futex 'operation' parm perf trace: Allow syscall arg formatters to mask args perf: Convert kmalloc_node(...GFP_ZERO...) to kzalloc_node() perf: Export struct perf_branch_entry to userspace perf: Add attr->mmap2 attribute to an event perf/x86: Add Silvermont (22nm Atom) support perf/x86: use INTEL_UEVENT_EXTRA_REG to define MSR_OFFCORE_RSP_X perf trace: Handle missing HUGEPAGE defines perf trace: Honor target pid / tid options when analyzing a file perf trace: Add option to analyze events in a file versus live perf evlist: Add tracepoint lookup by name perf tests: Add a sample parsing test ...
2013-09-03Merge branch 'for-3.12' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup Pull cgroup updates from Tejun Heo: "A lot of activities on the cgroup front. Most changes aren't visible to userland at all at this point and are laying foundation for the planned unified hierarchy. - The biggest change is decoupling the lifetime management of css (cgroup_subsys_state) from that of cgroup's. Because controllers (cpu, memory, block and so on) will need to be dynamically enabled and disabled, css which is the association point between a cgroup and a controller may come and go dynamically across the lifetime of a cgroup. Till now, css's were created when the associated cgroup was created and stayed till the cgroup got destroyed. Assumptions around this tight coupling permeated through cgroup core and controllers. These assumptions are gradually removed, which consists bulk of patches, and css destruction path is completely decoupled from cgroup destruction path. Note that decoupling of creation path is relatively easy on top of these changes and the patchset is pending for the next window. - cgroup has its own event mechanism cgroup.event_control, which is only used by memcg. It is overly complex trying to achieve high flexibility whose benefits seem dubious at best. Going forward, new events will simply generate file modified event and the existing mechanism is being made specific to memcg. This pull request contains prepatory patches for such change. - Various fixes and cleanups" Fixed up conflict in kernel/cgroup.c as per Tejun. * 'for-3.12' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup: (69 commits) cgroup: fix cgroup_css() invocation in css_from_id() cgroup: make cgroup_write_event_control() use css_from_dir() instead of __d_cgrp() cgroup: make cgroup_event hold onto cgroup_subsys_state instead of cgroup cgroup: implement CFTYPE_NO_PREFIX cgroup: make cgroup_css() take cgroup_subsys * instead and allow NULL subsys cgroup: rename cgroup_css_from_dir() to css_from_dir() and update its syntax cgroup: fix cgroup_write_event_control() cgroup: fix subsystem file accesses on the root cgroup cgroup: change cgroup_from_id() to css_from_id() cgroup: use css_get() in cgroup_create() to check CSS_ROOT cpuset: remove an unncessary forward declaration cgroup: RCU protect each cgroup_subsys_state release cgroup: move subsys file removal to kill_css() cgroup: factor out kill_css() cgroup: decouple cgroup_subsys_state destruction from cgroup destruction cgroup: replace cgroup->css_kill_cnt with ->nr_css cgroup: bounce cgroup_subsys_state ref kill confirmation to a work item cgroup: move cgroup->subsys[] assignment to online_css() cgroup: reorganize css init / exit paths cgroup: add __rcu modifier to cgroup->subsys[] ...
2013-09-02perf: Add attr->mmap2 attribute to an eventStephane Eranian
Adds a new PERF_RECORD_MMAP2 record type which is essence an expanded version of PERF_RECORD_MMAP. Used to request mmap records with more information about the mapping, including device major, minor and the inode number and generation for mappings associated with files or shared memory segments. Works for code and data (with attr->mmap_data set). Existing PERF_RECORD_MMAP record is unmodified by this patch. Signed-off-by: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1377079825-19057-2-git-send-email-eranian@google.com [ Added Al to the Cc:. Are the ino, maj/min exports of vma->vm_file OK? ] Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2013-09-02perf: Prevent race in unthrottling codeJiri Olsa
The current throttling code triggers WARN below via following workload (only hit on AMD machine with 48 CPUs): # while [ 1 ]; do perf record perf bench sched messaging; done WARNING: at arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event.c:1054 x86_pmu_start+0xc6/0x100() SNIP Call Trace: <IRQ> [<ffffffff815f62d6>] dump_stack+0x19/0x1b [<ffffffff8105f531>] warn_slowpath_common+0x61/0x80 [<ffffffff8105f60a>] warn_slowpath_null+0x1a/0x20 [<ffffffff810213a6>] x86_pmu_start+0xc6/0x100 [<ffffffff81129dd2>] perf_adjust_freq_unthr_context.part.75+0x182/0x1a0 [<ffffffff8112a058>] perf_event_task_tick+0xc8/0xf0 [<ffffffff81093221>] scheduler_tick+0xd1/0x140 [<ffffffff81070176>] update_process_times+0x66/0x80 [<ffffffff810b9565>] tick_sched_handle.isra.15+0x25/0x60 [<ffffffff810b95e1>] tick_sched_timer+0x41/0x60 [<ffffffff81087c24>] __run_hrtimer+0x74/0x1d0 [<ffffffff810b95a0>] ? tick_sched_handle.isra.15+0x60/0x60 [<ffffffff81088407>] hrtimer_interrupt+0xf7/0x240 [<ffffffff81606829>] smp_apic_timer_interrupt+0x69/0x9c [<ffffffff8160569d>] apic_timer_interrupt+0x6d/0x80 <EOI> [<ffffffff81129f74>] ? __perf_event_task_sched_in+0x184/0x1a0 [<ffffffff814dd937>] ? kfree_skbmem+0x37/0x90 [<ffffffff815f2c47>] ? __slab_free+0x1ac/0x30f [<ffffffff8118143d>] ? kfree+0xfd/0x130 [<ffffffff81181622>] kmem_cache_free+0x1b2/0x1d0 [<ffffffff814dd937>] kfree_skbmem+0x37/0x90 [<ffffffff814e03c4>] consume_skb+0x34/0x80 [<ffffffff8158b057>] unix_stream_recvmsg+0x4e7/0x820 [<ffffffff814d5546>] sock_aio_read.part.7+0x116/0x130 [<ffffffff8112c10c>] ? __perf_sw_event+0x19c/0x1e0 [<ffffffff814d5581>] sock_aio_read+0x21/0x30 [<ffffffff8119a5d0>] do_sync_read+0x80/0xb0 [<ffffffff8119ac85>] vfs_read+0x145/0x170 [<ffffffff8119b699>] SyS_read+0x49/0xa0 [<ffffffff810df516>] ? __audit_syscall_exit+0x1f6/0x2a0 [<ffffffff81604a19>] system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b ---[ end trace 622b7e226c4a766a ]--- The reason is a race in perf_event_task_tick() throttling code. The race flow (simplified code): - perf_throttled_count is per cpu variable and is CPU throttling flag, here starting with 0 - perf_throttled_seq is sequence/domain for allowed count of interrupts within the tick, gets increased each tick on single CPU (CPU bounded event): ... workload perf_event_task_tick: | | T0 inc(perf_throttled_seq) | T1 needs_unthr = xchg(perf_throttled_count, 0) == 0 tick gets interrupted: ... event gets throttled under new seq ... T2 last NMI comes, event is throttled - inc(perf_throttled_count) back to tick: | perf_adjust_freq_unthr_context: | | T3 unthrottling is skiped for event (needs_unthr == 0) | T4 event is stop and started via freq adjustment | tick ends ... workload ... no sample is hit for event ... perf_event_task_tick: | | T5 needs_unthr = xchg(perf_throttled_count, 0) != 0 (from T2) | T6 unthrottling is done on event (interrupts == MAX_INTERRUPTS) | event is already started (from T4) -> WARN Fixing this by not checking needs_unthr again and thus check all events for unthrottling. Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Reported-by: Jan Stancek <jstancek@redhat.com> Suggested-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Corey Ashford <cjashfor@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1377355554-8934-1-git-send-email-jolsa@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2013-08-29perf: make events stream always parsableAdrian Hunter
The event stream is not always parsable because the format of a sample is dependent on the sample_type of the selected event. When there is more than one selected event and the sample_types are not the same then parsing becomes problematic. A sample can be matched to its selected event using the ID that is allocated when the event is opened. Unfortunately, to get the ID from the sample means first parsing it. This patch adds a new sample format bit PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFER that puts the ID at a fixed position so that the ID can be retrieved without parsing the sample. For sample events, that is the first position immediately after the header. For non-sample events, that is the last position. In this respect parsing samples requires that the sample_type and ID values are recorded. For example, perf tools records struct perf_event_attr and the IDs within the perf.data file. Those must be read first before it is possible to parse samples found later in the perf.data file. Signed-off-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com> Tested-by: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1377591794-30553-6-git-send-email-adrian.hunter@intel.com Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
2013-08-26cgroup: rename cgroup_css_from_dir() to css_from_dir() and update its syntaxTejun Heo
cgroup_css_from_dir() will grow another user. In preparation, make the following changes. * All css functions are prefixed with just "css_", rename it to css_from_dir(). * Take dentry * instead of file * as dentry is what ultimately identifies a cgroup and file may not always be available. Note that the function now checkes whether @dentry->d_inode is NULL as the caller now may specify a negative dentry. * Make it take cgroup_subsys * instead of integer subsys_id. This simplifies the function and allows specifying no subsystem for cgroup->dummy_css. * Make return section a bit less verbose. This patch doesn't introduce any behavior changes. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com> Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
2013-08-16perf: Do not compute time values unnecessarilyPeter Zijlstra
We should not be calling calc_timer_values() for events that do not actually have an mmap()'ed userpage. Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20130802191630.GT27162@twins.programming.kicks-ass.net Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2013-08-16perf: Account freq events globallyFrederic Weisbecker
Freq events may not always be affine to a particular CPU. As such, account_event_cpu() may crash if we account per cpu a freq event that has event->cpu == -1. To solve this, lets account freq events globally. In practice this doesn't change much the picture because perf tools create per-task perf events with one event per CPU by default. Profiling a single CPU is usually a corner case so there is no much point in optimizing things that way. Reported-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Suggested-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Tested-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com> Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1375460996-16329-3-git-send-email-fweisbec@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2013-08-13cgroup: cgroup_css_from_dir() now should be called with RCU read lockedTejun Heo
cgroup->subsys[] will become RCU protected and thus all cgroup_css() usages should either be under RCU read lock or cgroup_mutex. This patch updates cgroup_css_from_dir() which returns the matching cgroup_subsys_state given a directory file and subsys_id so that it requires RCU read lock and updates its sole user perf_cgroup_connect(). Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
2013-08-08cgroup: make cgroup_taskset deal with cgroup_subsys_state instead of cgroupTejun Heo
cgroup is in the process of converting to css (cgroup_subsys_state) from cgroup as the principal subsystem interface handle. This is mostly to prepare for the unified hierarchy support where css's will be created and destroyed dynamically but also helps cleaning up subsystem implementations as css is usually what they are interested in anyway. cgroup_taskset which is used by the subsystem attach methods is the last cgroup subsystem API which isn't using css as the handle. Update cgroup_taskset_cur_cgroup() to cgroup_taskset_cur_css() and cgroup_taskset_for_each() to take @skip_css instead of @skip_cgrp. The conversions are pretty mechanical. One exception is cpuset::cgroup_cs(), which lost its last user and got removed. This patch shouldn't introduce any functional changes. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com> Acked-by: Daniel Wagner <daniel.wagner@bmw-carit.de> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2013-08-08cgroup: pass around cgroup_subsys_state instead of cgroup in subsystem methodsTejun Heo
cgroup is currently in the process of transitioning to using struct cgroup_subsys_state * as the primary handle instead of struct cgroup * in subsystem implementations for the following reasons. * With unified hierarchy, subsystems will be dynamically bound and unbound from cgroups and thus css's (cgroup_subsys_state) may be created and destroyed dynamically over the lifetime of a cgroup, which is different from the current state where all css's are allocated and destroyed together with the associated cgroup. This in turn means that cgroup_css() should be synchronized and may return NULL, making it more cumbersome to use. * Differing levels of per-subsystem granularity in the unified hierarchy means that the task and descendant iterators should behave differently depending on the specific subsystem the iteration is being performed for. * In majority of the cases, subsystems only care about its part in the cgroup hierarchy - ie. the hierarchy of css's. Subsystem methods often obtain the matching css pointer from the cgroup and don't bother with the cgroup pointer itself. Passing around css fits much better. This patch converts all cgroup_subsys methods to take @css instead of @cgroup. The conversions are mostly straight-forward. A few noteworthy changes are * ->css_alloc() now takes css of the parent cgroup rather than the pointer to the new cgroup as the css for the new cgroup doesn't exist yet. Knowing the parent css is enough for all the existing subsystems. * In kernel/cgroup.c::offline_css(), unnecessary open coded css dereference is replaced with local variable access. This patch shouldn't cause any behavior differences. v2: Unnecessary explicit cgrp->subsys[] deref in css_online() replaced with local variable @css as suggested by Li Zefan. Rebased on top of new for-3.12 which includes for-3.11-fixes so that ->css_free() invocation added by da0a12caff ("cgroup: fix a leak when percpu_ref_init() fails") is converted too. Suggested by Li Zefan. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Acked-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com> Acked-by: Aristeu Rozanski <aris@redhat.com> Acked-by: Daniel Wagner <daniel.wagner@bmw-carit.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com> Cc: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com> Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2013-08-08cgroup: s/cgroup_subsys_state/cgroup_css/ s/task_subsys_state/task_css/Tejun Heo
The names of the two struct cgroup_subsys_state accessors - cgroup_subsys_state() and task_subsys_state() - are somewhat awkward. The former clashes with the type name and the latter doesn't even indicate it's somehow related to cgroup. We're about to revamp large portion of cgroup API, so, let's rename them so that they're less awkward. Most per-controller usages of the accessors are localized in accessor wrappers and given the amount of scheduled changes, this isn't gonna add any noticeable headache. Rename cgroup_subsys_state() to cgroup_css() and task_subsys_state() to task_css(). This patch is pure rename. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
2013-08-07perf: Do not get values from disabled counters in group format readJiri Olsa
It's possible some of the counters in the group could be disabled when sampling member of the event group is reading the rest via PERF_SAMPLE_READ sample type processing. Disabled counters could then produce wrong numbers. Fixing that by reading only enabled counters for PERF_SAMPLE_READ sample type processing. Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Acked-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Corey Ashford <cjashfor@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-wwkjb0bbcuslnz0klrmqi26r@git.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
2013-08-07perf: Add PERF_EVENT_IOC_ID ioctl to return event IDJiri Olsa
The only way to get the event ID is by reading the event fd, followed by parsing the ID value out of the returned data. While this is ok for current read format used by perf tool, it is not ok when we use PERF_FORMAT_GROUP format. With this format the data are returned for the whole group and there's no way to find out what ID belongs to our fd (if we are not group leader event). Adding a simple ioctl that returns event primary ID for given fd. Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Acked-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Corey Ashford <cjashfor@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-v1bn5cto707jn0bon34afqr1@git.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
2013-07-30perf: Implement finer grained full dynticks kickFrederic Weisbecker
Currently the full dynticks subsystem keep the tick alive as long as there are perf events running. This prevents the tick from being stopped as long as features such that the lockup detectors are running. As a temporary fix, the lockup detector is disabled by default when full dynticks is built but this is not a long term viable solution. To fix this, only keep the tick alive when an event configured with a frequency rather than a period is running on the CPU, or when an event throttles on the CPU. These are the only purposes of the perf tick, especially now that the rotation of flexible events is handled from a seperate hrtimer. The tick can be shutdown the rest of the time. Original-patch-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com> Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1374539466-4799-8-git-send-email-fweisbec@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2013-07-30perf: Account freq events per cpuFrederic Weisbecker
This is going to be used by the full dynticks subsystem as a finer-grained information to know when to keep and when to stop the tick. Original-patch-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com> Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1374539466-4799-7-git-send-email-fweisbec@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2013-07-30perf: Migrate per cpu event accountingFrederic Weisbecker
When an event is migrated, move the event per-cpu accounting accordingly so that branch stack and cgroup events work correctly on the new CPU. Original-patch-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com> Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1374539466-4799-6-git-send-email-fweisbec@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2013-07-30perf: Split the per-cpu accounting part of the event accounting codeFrederic Weisbecker
This way we can use the per-cpu handling seperately. This is going to be used by to fix the event migration code accounting. Original-patch-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com> Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1374539466-4799-5-git-send-email-fweisbec@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2013-07-30perf: Factor out event accounting code to account_event()/__free_event()Frederic Weisbecker
Gather all the event accounting code to a single place, once all the prerequisites are completed. This simplifies the refcounting. Original-patch-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com> Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1374539466-4799-4-git-send-email-fweisbec@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2013-07-30perf: Sanitize get_callchain_buffer()Frederic Weisbecker
In case of allocation failure, get_callchain_buffer() keeps the refcount incremented for the current event. As a result, when get_callchain_buffers() returns an error, we must cleanup what it did by cancelling its last refcount with a call to put_callchain_buffers(). This is a hack in order to be able to call free_event() after that failure. The original purpose of that was to simplify the failure path. But this error handling is actually counter intuitive, ugly and not very easy to follow because one expect to see the resources used to perform a service to be cleaned by the callee if case of failure, not by the caller. So lets clean this up by cancelling the refcount from get_callchain_buffer() in case of failure. And correctly free the event accordingly in perf_event_alloc(). Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com> Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1374539466-4799-3-git-send-email-fweisbec@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>