Glock internal locking rules
                  ------------------------------

This documents the basic principles of the glock state machine
internals. Each glock (struct gfs2_glock in fs/gfs2/incore.h)
has two main (internal) locks:

 1. A spinlock (gl_spin) which protects the internal state such
    as gl_state, gl_target and the list of holders (gl_holders)
 2. A non-blocking bit lock, GLF_LOCK, which is used to prevent other
    threads from making calls to the DLM, etc. at the same time. If a
    thread takes this lock, it must then call run_queue (usually via the
    workqueue) when it releases it in order to ensure any pending tasks
    are completed.

The gl_holders list contains all the queued lock requests (not
just the holders) associated with the glock. If there are any
held locks, then they will be contiguous entries at the head
of the list. Locks are granted in strictly the order that they
are queued, except for those marked LM_FLAG_PRIORITY which are
used only during recovery, and even then only for journal locks.

There are three lock states that users of the glock layer can request,
namely shared (SH), deferred (DF) and exclusive (EX). Those translate
to the following DLM lock modes:

Glock mode    | DLM lock mode
------------------------------
    UN        |    IV/NL  Unlocked (no DLM lock associated with glock) or NL
    SH        |    PR     (Protected read)
    DF        |    CW     (Concurrent write)
    EX        |    EX     (Exclusive)

Thus DF is basically a shared mode which is incompatible with the "normal"
shared lock mode, SH. In GFS2 the DF mode is used exclusively for direct I/O
operations. The glocks are basically a lock plus some routines which deal
with cache management. The following rules apply for the cache:

Glock mode   |  Cache data | Cache Metadata | Dirty Data | Dirty Metadata
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    UN       |     No      |       No       |     No     |      No
    SH       |     Yes     |       Yes      |     No     |      No
    DF       |     No      |       Yes      |     No     |      No
    EX       |     Yes     |       Yes      |     Yes    |      Yes

These rules are implemented using the various glock operations which
are defined for each type of glock. Not all types of glocks use
all the modes. Only inode glocks use the DF mode for example.

Table of glock operations and per type constants:

Field            | Purpose
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
go_xmote_th      | Called before remote state change (e.g. to sync dirty data)
go_xmote_bh      | Called after remote state change (e.g. to refill cache)
go_inval         | Called if remote state change requires invalidating the cache
go_demote_ok     | Returns boolean value of whether its ok to demote a glock
                 | (e.g. checks timeout, and that there is no cached data)
go_lock          | Called for the first local holder of a lock
go_unlock        | Called on the final local unlock of a lock
go_dump          | Called to print content of object for debugfs file, or on
                 | error to dump glock to the log.
go_type          | The type of the glock, LM_TYPE_.....
go_min_hold_time | The minimum hold time

The minimum hold time for each lock is the time after a remote lock
grant for which we ignore remote demote requests. This is in order to
prevent a situation where locks are being bounced around the cluster
from node to node with none of the nodes making any progress. This
tends to show up most with shared mmaped files which are being written
to by multiple nodes. By delaying the demotion in response to a
remote callback, that gives the userspace program time to make
some progress before the pages are unmapped.

There is a plan to try and remove the go_lock and go_unlock callbacks
if possible, in order to try and speed up the fast path though the locking.
Also, eventually we hope to make the glock "EX" mode locally shared
such that any local locking will be done with the i_mutex as required
rather than via the glock.

Locking rules for glock operations:

Operation     |  GLF_LOCK bit lock held |  gl_spin spinlock held
-----------------------------------------------------------------
go_xmote_th   |       Yes               |       No
go_xmote_bh   |       Yes               |       No
go_inval      |       Yes               |       No
go_demote_ok  |       Sometimes         |       Yes
go_lock       |       Yes               |       No
go_unlock     |       Yes               |       No
go_dump       |       Sometimes         |       Yes

N.B. Operations must not drop either the bit lock or the spinlock
if its held on entry. go_dump and do_demote_ok must never block.
Note that go_dump will only be called if the glock's state
indicates that it is caching uptodate data.

Glock locking order within GFS2:

 1. i_mutex (if required)
 2. Rename glock (for rename only)
 3. Inode glock(s)
    (Parents before children, inodes at "same level" with same parent in
     lock number order)
 4. Rgrp glock(s) (for (de)allocation operations)
 5. Transaction glock (via gfs2_trans_begin) for non-read operations
 6. Page lock  (always last, very important!)

There are two glocks per inode. One deals with access to the inode
itself (locking order as above), and the other, known as the iopen
glock is used in conjunction with the i_nlink field in the inode to
determine the lifetime of the inode in question. Locking of inodes
is on a per-inode basis. Locking of rgrps is on a per rgrp basis.