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-Copyright 2010 Nicolas Palix <npalix@diku.dk>
-Copyright 2010 Julia Lawall <julia@diku.dk>
-Copyright 2010 Gilles Muller <Gilles.Muller@lip6.fr>
-
-
- Getting Coccinelle
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-The semantic patches included in the kernel use features and options
-which are provided by Coccinelle version 1.0.0-rc11 and above.
-Using earlier versions will fail as the option names used by
-the Coccinelle files and coccicheck have been updated.
-
-Coccinelle is available through the package manager
-of many distributions, e.g. :
-
- - Debian
- - Fedora
- - Ubuntu
- - OpenSUSE
- - Arch Linux
- - NetBSD
- - FreeBSD
-
-
-You can get the latest version released from the Coccinelle homepage at
-http://coccinelle.lip6.fr/
-
-Information and tips about Coccinelle are also provided on the wiki
-pages at http://cocci.ekstranet.diku.dk/wiki/doku.php
-
-Once you have it, run the following command:
-
- ./configure
- make
-
-as a regular user, and install it with
-
- sudo make install
-
- Using Coccinelle on the Linux kernel
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-A Coccinelle-specific target is defined in the top level
-Makefile. This target is named 'coccicheck' and calls the 'coccicheck'
-front-end in the 'scripts' directory.
-
-Four basic modes are defined: patch, report, context, and org. The mode to
-use is specified by setting the MODE variable with 'MODE=<mode>'.
-
-'patch' proposes a fix, when possible.
-
-'report' generates a list in the following format:
- file:line:column-column: message
-
-'context' highlights lines of interest and their context in a
-diff-like style.Lines of interest are indicated with '-'.
-
-'org' generates a report in the Org mode format of Emacs.
-
-Note that not all semantic patches implement all modes. For easy use
-of Coccinelle, the default mode is "report".
-
-Two other modes provide some common combinations of these modes.
-
-'chain' tries the previous modes in the order above until one succeeds.
-
-'rep+ctxt' runs successively the report mode and the context mode.
- It should be used with the C option (described later)
- which checks the code on a file basis.
-
-Examples:
- To make a report for every semantic patch, run the following command:
-
- make coccicheck MODE=report
-
- To produce patches, run:
-
- make coccicheck MODE=patch
-
-
-The coccicheck target applies every semantic patch available in the
-sub-directories of 'scripts/coccinelle' to the entire Linux kernel.
-
-For each semantic patch, a commit message is proposed. It gives a
-description of the problem being checked by the semantic patch, and
-includes a reference to Coccinelle.
-
-As any static code analyzer, Coccinelle produces false
-positives. Thus, reports must be carefully checked, and patches
-reviewed.
-
-To enable verbose messages set the V= variable, for example:
-
- make coccicheck MODE=report V=1
-
-By default, coccicheck tries to run as parallel as possible. To change
-the parallelism, set the J= variable. For example, to run across 4 CPUs:
-
- make coccicheck MODE=report J=4
-
-
- Using Coccinelle with a single semantic patch
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-The optional make variable COCCI can be used to check a single
-semantic patch. In that case, the variable must be initialized with
-the name of the semantic patch to apply.
-
-For instance:
-
- make coccicheck COCCI=<my_SP.cocci> MODE=patch
-or
- make coccicheck COCCI=<my_SP.cocci> MODE=report
-
-
- Controlling Which Files are Processed by Coccinelle
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-By default the entire kernel source tree is checked.
-
-To apply Coccinelle to a specific directory, M= can be used.
-For example, to check drivers/net/wireless/ one may write:
-
- make coccicheck M=drivers/net/wireless/
-
-To apply Coccinelle on a file basis, instead of a directory basis, the
-following command may be used:
-
- make C=1 CHECK="scripts/coccicheck"
-
-To check only newly edited code, use the value 2 for the C flag, i.e.
-
- make C=2 CHECK="scripts/coccicheck"
-
-In these modes, which works on a file basis, there is no information
-about semantic patches displayed, and no commit message proposed.
-
-This runs every semantic patch in scripts/coccinelle by default. The
-COCCI variable may additionally be used to only apply a single
-semantic patch as shown in the previous section.
-
-The "report" mode is the default. You can select another one with the
-MODE variable explained above.
-
- Additional flags
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-Additional flags can be passed to spatch through the SPFLAGS
-variable.
-
- make SPFLAGS=--use-glimpse coccicheck
- make SPFLAGS=--use-idutils coccicheck
-
-See spatch --help to learn more about spatch options.
-
-Note that the '--use-glimpse' and '--use-idutils' options
-require external tools for indexing the code. None of them is
-thus active by default. However, by indexing the code with
-one of these tools, and according to the cocci file used,
-spatch could proceed the entire code base more quickly.
-
- Proposing new semantic patches
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-New semantic patches can be proposed and submitted by kernel
-developers. For sake of clarity, they should be organized in the
-sub-directories of 'scripts/coccinelle/'.
-
-
- Detailed description of the 'report' mode
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-'report' generates a list in the following format:
- file:line:column-column: message
-
-Example:
-
-Running
-
- make coccicheck MODE=report COCCI=scripts/coccinelle/api/err_cast.cocci
-
-will execute the following part of the SmPL script.
-
-<smpl>
-@r depends on !context && !patch && (org || report)@
-expression x;
-position p;
-@@
-
- ERR_PTR@p(PTR_ERR(x))
-
-@script:python depends on report@
-p << r.p;
-x << r.x;
-@@
-
-msg="ERR_CAST can be used with %s" % (x)
-coccilib.report.print_report(p[0], msg)
-</smpl>
-
-This SmPL excerpt generates entries on the standard output, as
-illustrated below:
-
-/home/user/linux/crypto/ctr.c:188:9-16: ERR_CAST can be used with alg
-/home/user/linux/crypto/authenc.c:619:9-16: ERR_CAST can be used with auth
-/home/user/linux/crypto/xts.c:227:9-16: ERR_CAST can be used with alg
-
-
- Detailed description of the 'patch' mode
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-When the 'patch' mode is available, it proposes a fix for each problem
-identified.
-
-Example:
-
-Running
- make coccicheck MODE=patch COCCI=scripts/coccinelle/api/err_cast.cocci
-
-will execute the following part of the SmPL script.
-
-<smpl>
-@ depends on !context && patch && !org && !report @
-expression x;
-@@
-
-- ERR_PTR(PTR_ERR(x))
-+ ERR_CAST(x)
-</smpl>
-
-This SmPL excerpt generates patch hunks on the standard output, as
-illustrated below:
-
-diff -u -p a/crypto/ctr.c b/crypto/ctr.c
---- a/crypto/ctr.c 2010-05-26 10:49:38.000000000 +0200
-+++ b/crypto/ctr.c 2010-06-03 23:44:49.000000000 +0200
-@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ static struct crypto_instance *crypto_ct
- alg = crypto_attr_alg(tb[1], CRYPTO_ALG_TYPE_CIPHER,
- CRYPTO_ALG_TYPE_MASK);
- if (IS_ERR(alg))
-- return ERR_PTR(PTR_ERR(alg));
-+ return ERR_CAST(alg);
-
- /* Block size must be >= 4 bytes. */
- err = -EINVAL;
-
- Detailed description of the 'context' mode
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-'context' highlights lines of interest and their context
-in a diff-like style.
-
-NOTE: The diff-like output generated is NOT an applicable patch. The
- intent of the 'context' mode is to highlight the important lines
- (annotated with minus, '-') and gives some surrounding context
- lines around. This output can be used with the diff mode of
- Emacs to review the code.
-
-Example:
-
-Running
- make coccicheck MODE=context COCCI=scripts/coccinelle/api/err_cast.cocci
-
-will execute the following part of the SmPL script.
-
-<smpl>
-@ depends on context && !patch && !org && !report@
-expression x;
-@@
-
-* ERR_PTR(PTR_ERR(x))
-</smpl>
-
-This SmPL excerpt generates diff hunks on the standard output, as
-illustrated below:
-
-diff -u -p /home/user/linux/crypto/ctr.c /tmp/nothing
---- /home/user/linux/crypto/ctr.c 2010-05-26 10:49:38.000000000 +0200
-+++ /tmp/nothing
-@@ -185,7 +185,6 @@ static struct crypto_instance *crypto_ct
- alg = crypto_attr_alg(tb[1], CRYPTO_ALG_TYPE_CIPHER,
- CRYPTO_ALG_TYPE_MASK);
- if (IS_ERR(alg))
-- return ERR_PTR(PTR_ERR(alg));
-
- /* Block size must be >= 4 bytes. */
- err = -EINVAL;
-
- Detailed description of the 'org' mode
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-'org' generates a report in the Org mode format of Emacs.
-
-Example:
-
-Running
- make coccicheck MODE=org COCCI=scripts/coccinelle/api/err_cast.cocci
-
-will execute the following part of the SmPL script.
-
-<smpl>
-@r depends on !context && !patch && (org || report)@
-expression x;
-position p;
-@@
-
- ERR_PTR@p(PTR_ERR(x))
-
-@script:python depends on org@
-p << r.p;
-x << r.x;
-@@
-
-msg="ERR_CAST can be used with %s" % (x)
-msg_safe=msg.replace("[","@(").replace("]",")")
-coccilib.org.print_todo(p[0], msg_safe)
-</smpl>
-
-This SmPL excerpt generates Org entries on the standard output, as
-illustrated below:
-
-* TODO [[view:/home/user/linux/crypto/ctr.c::face=ovl-face1::linb=188::colb=9::cole=16][ERR_CAST can be used with alg]]
-* TODO [[view:/home/user/linux/crypto/authenc.c::face=ovl-face1::linb=619::colb=9::cole=16][ERR_CAST can be used with auth]]
-* TODO [[view:/home/user/linux/crypto/xts.c::face=ovl-face1::linb=227::colb=9::cole=16][ERR_CAST can be used with alg]]