[SPARK-23903][SQL] Add support for date extract

## What changes were proposed in this pull request?

Add support for date `extract` function:
```sql
spark-sql> SELECT EXTRACT(YEAR FROM TIMESTAMP '2000-12-16 12:21:13');
2000
```
Supported field same as [Hive](https://github.com/apache/hive/blob/rel/release-2.3.3/ql/src/java/org/apache/hadoop/hive/ql/parse/IdentifiersParser.g#L308-L316): `YEAR`, `QUARTER`, `MONTH`, `WEEK`, `DAY`, `DAYOFWEEK`, `HOUR`, `MINUTE`, `SECOND`.

## How was this patch tested?

unit tests

Author: Yuming Wang <yumwang@ebay.com>

Closes #21479 from wangyum/SPARK-23903.

1 files changed, 96 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/sql/core/src/test/resources/sql-tests/results/extract.sql.out b/sql/core/src/test/resources/sql-tests/results/extract.sql.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..160e4c7d78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sql/core/src/test/resources/sql-tests/results/extract.sql.out
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+-- Automatically generated by SQLQueryTestSuite
+-- Number of queries: 11
+
+
+-- !query 0
+CREATE TEMPORARY VIEW t AS select '2011-05-06 07:08:09.1234567' as c
+-- !query 0 schema
+struct<>
+-- !query 0 output
+
+
+
+-- !query 1
+select extract(year from c) from t
+-- !query 1 schema
+struct<year(CAST(c AS DATE)):int>
+-- !query 1 output
+2011
+
+
+-- !query 2
+select extract(quarter from c) from t
+-- !query 2 schema
+struct<quarter(CAST(c AS DATE)):int>
+-- !query 2 output
+2
+
+
+-- !query 3
+select extract(month from c) from t
+-- !query 3 schema
+struct<month(CAST(c AS DATE)):int>
+-- !query 3 output
+5
+
+
+-- !query 4
+select extract(week from c) from t
+-- !query 4 schema
+struct<weekofyear(CAST(c AS DATE)):int>
+-- !query 4 output
+18
+
+
+-- !query 5
+select extract(day from c) from t
+-- !query 5 schema
+struct<dayofmonth(CAST(c AS DATE)):int>
+-- !query 5 output
+6
+
+
+-- !query 6
+select extract(dayofweek from c) from t
+-- !query 6 schema
+struct<dayofweek(CAST(c AS DATE)):int>
+-- !query 6 output
+6
+
+
+-- !query 7
+select extract(hour from c) from t
+-- !query 7 schema
+struct<hour(CAST(c AS TIMESTAMP)):int>
+-- !query 7 output
+7
+
+
+-- !query 8
+select extract(minute from c) from t
+-- !query 8 schema
+struct<minute(CAST(c AS TIMESTAMP)):int>
+-- !query 8 output
+8
+
+
+-- !query 9
+select extract(second from c) from t
+-- !query 9 schema
+struct<second(CAST(c AS TIMESTAMP)):int>
+-- !query 9 output
+9
+
+
+-- !query 10
+select extract(not_supported from c) from t
+-- !query 10 schema
+struct<>
+-- !query 10 output
+org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.parser.ParseException
+
+Literals of type 'NOT_SUPPORTED' are currently not supported.(line 1, pos 7)
+
+== SQL ==
+select extract(not_supported from c) from t
+-------^^^