Merge branch 'tracking-ubuntu-sauce' into merge-linux-linaro-core-trackingllct-20120615.0

231 files changed, 40897 insertions, 207 deletions

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 57af07cf7e68..268fbfedc80b 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ modules.builtin
 #
 # Debian directory (make deb-pkg)
 #
-/debian/
+#/debian/
 
 #
 # git files that we don't want to ignore even it they are dot-files
diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/Locking b/Documentation/filesystems/Locking
index 8e2da1e06e3b..d88588112b7e 100644
--- a/Documentation/filesystems/Locking
+++ b/Documentation/filesystems/Locking
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ ata *);
 	int (*removexattr) (struct dentry *, const char *);
 	int (*fiemap)(struct inode *, struct fiemap_extent_info *, u64 start, u64 len);
 	void (*update_time)(struct inode *, struct timespec *, int);
+	struct file *(*open)(struct dentry *,struct file *,const struct cred *);
 
 locking rules:
 	all may block
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ listxattr:	no
 removexattr:	yes
 fiemap:		no
 update_time:	no
-
+open:		no
 	Additionally, ->rmdir(), ->unlink() and ->rename() have ->i_mutex on
 victim.
 	cross-directory ->rename() has (per-superblock) ->s_vfs_rename_sem.
diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/overlayfs.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/overlayfs.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7161dc391fa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/filesystems/overlayfs.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+Written by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
+
+Overlay Filesystem
+==================
+
+This document describes a prototype for a new approach to providing
+overlay-filesystem functionality in Linux (sometimes referred to as
+union-filesystems).  An overlay-filesystem tries to present a
+filesystem which is the result over overlaying one filesystem on top
+of the other.
+
+The result will inevitably fail to look exactly like a normal
+filesystem for various technical reasons.  The expectation is that
+many use cases will be able to ignore these differences.
+
+This approach is 'hybrid' because the objects that appear in the
+filesystem do not all appear to belong to that filesystem.  In many
+cases an object accessed in the union will be indistinguishable
+from accessing the corresponding object from the original filesystem.
+This is most obvious from the 'st_dev' field returned by stat(2).
+
+While directories will report an st_dev from the overlay-filesystem,
+all non-directory objects will report an st_dev from the lower or
+upper filesystem that is providing the object.  Similarly st_ino will
+only be unique when combined with st_dev, and both of these can change
+over the lifetime of a non-directory object.  Many applications and
+tools ignore these values and will not be affected.
+
+Upper and Lower
+---------------
+
+An overlay filesystem combines two filesystems - an 'upper' filesystem
+and a 'lower' filesystem.  When a name exists in both filesystems, the
+object in the 'upper' filesystem is visible while the object in the
+'lower' filesystem is either hidden or, in the case of directories,
+merged with the 'upper' object.
+
+It would be more correct to refer to an upper and lower 'directory
+tree' rather than 'filesystem' as it is quite possible for both
+directory trees to be in the same filesystem and there is no
+requirement that the root of a filesystem be given for either upper or
+lower.
+
+The lower filesystem can be any filesystem supported by Linux and does
+not need to be writable.  The lower filesystem can even be another
+overlayfs.  The upper filesystem will normally be writable and if it
+is it must support the creation of trusted.* extended attributes, and
+must provide valid d_type in readdir responses, at least for symbolic
+links - so NFS is not suitable.
+
+A read-only overlay of two read-only filesystems may use any
+filesystem type.
+
+Directories
+-----------
+
+Overlaying mainly involved directories.  If a given name appears in both
+upper and lower filesystems and refers to a non-directory in either,
+then the lower object is hidden - the name refers only to the upper
+object.
+
+Where both upper and lower objects are directories, a merged directory
+is formed.
+
+At mount time, the two directories given as mount options are combined
+into a merged directory:
+
+  mount -t overlayfs overlayfs -olowerdir=/lower,upperdir=/upper /overlay
+
+Then whenever a lookup is requested in such a merged directory, the
+lookup is performed in each actual directory and the combined result
+is cached in the dentry belonging to the overlay filesystem.  If both
+actual lookups find directories, both are stored and a merged
+directory is created, otherwise only one is stored: the upper if it
+exists, else the lower.
+
+Only the lists of names from directories are merged.  Other content
+such as metadata and extended attributes are reported for the upper
+directory only.  These attributes of the lower directory are hidden.
+
+whiteouts and opaque directories
+--------------------------------
+
+In order to support rm and rmdir without changing the lower
+filesystem, an overlay filesystem needs to record in the upper filesystem
+that files have been removed.  This is done using whiteouts and opaque
+directories (non-directories are always opaque).
+
+The overlay filesystem uses extended attributes with a
+"trusted.overlay."  prefix to record these details.
+
+A whiteout is created as a symbolic link with target
+"(overlay-whiteout)" and with xattr "trusted.overlay.whiteout" set to "y".
+When a whiteout is found in the upper level of a merged directory, any
+matching name in the lower level is ignored, and the whiteout itself
+is also hidden.
+
+A directory is made opaque by setting the xattr "trusted.overlay.opaque"
+to "y".  Where the upper filesystem contains an opaque directory, any
+directory in the lower filesystem with the same name is ignored.
+
+readdir
+-------
+
+When a 'readdir' request is made on a merged directory, the upper and
+lower directories are each read and the name lists merged in the
+obvious way (upper is read first, then lower - entries that already
+exist are not re-added).  This merged name list is cached in the
+'struct file' and so remains as long as the file is kept open.  If the
+directory is opened and read by two processes at the same time, they
+will each have separate caches.  A seekdir to the start of the
+directory (offset 0) followed by a readdir will cause the cache to be
+discarded and rebuilt.
+
+This means that changes to the merged directory do not appear while a
+directory is being read.  This is unlikely to be noticed by many
+programs.
+
+seek offsets are assigned sequentially when the directories are read.
+Thus if
+  - read part of a directory
+  - remember an offset, and close the directory
+  - re-open the directory some time later
+  - seek to the remembered offset
+
+there may be little correlation between the old and new locations in
+the list of filenames, particularly if anything has changed in the
+directory.
+
+Readdir on directories that are not merged is simply handled by the
+underlying directory (upper or lower).
+
+
+Non-directories
+---------------
+
+Objects that are not directories (files, symlinks, device-special
+files etc.) are presented either from the upper or lower filesystem as
+appropriate.  When a file in the lower filesystem is accessed in a way
+the requires write-access, such as opening for write access, changing
+some metadata etc., the file is first copied from the lower filesystem
+to the upper filesystem (copy_up).  Note that creating a hard-link
+also requires copy_up, though of course creation of a symlink does
+not.
+
+The copy_up may turn out to be unnecessary, for example if the file is
+opened for read-write but the data is not modified.
+
+The copy_up process first makes sure that the containing directory
+exists in the upper filesystem - creating it and any parents as
+necessary.  It then creates the object with the same metadata (owner,
+mode, mtime, symlink-target etc.) and then if the object is a file, the
+data is copied from the lower to the upper filesystem.  Finally any
+extended attributes are copied up.
+
+Once the copy_up is complete, the overlay filesystem simply
+provides direct access to the newly created file in the upper
+filesystem - future operations on the file are barely noticed by the
+overlay filesystem (though an operation on the name of the file such as
+rename or unlink will of course be noticed and handled).
+
+
+Non-standard behavior
+---------------------
+
+The copy_up operation essentially creates a new, identical file and
+moves it over to the old name.  The new file may be on a different
+filesystem, so both st_dev and st_ino of the file may change.
+
+Any open files referring to this inode will access the old data and
+metadata.  Similarly any file locks obtained before copy_up will not
+apply to the copied up file.
+
+On a file is opened with O_RDONLY fchmod(2), fchown(2), futimesat(2)
+and fsetxattr(2) will fail with EROFS.
+
+If a file with multiple hard links is copied up, then this will
+"break" the link.  Changes will not be propagated to other names
+referring to the same inode.
+
+Symlinks in /proc/PID/ and /proc/PID/fd which point to a non-directory
+object in overlayfs will not contain vaid absolute paths, only
+relative paths leading up to the filesystem's root.  This will be
+fixed in the future.
+
+Some operations are not atomic, for example a crash during copy_up or
+rename will leave the filesystem in an inconsitent state.  This will
+be addressed in the future.
+
+Changes to underlying filesystems
+---------------------------------
+
+Offline changes, when the overlay is not mounted, are allowed to either
+the upper or the lower trees.
+
+Changes to the underlying filesystems while part of a mounted overlay
+filesystem are not allowed.  If the underlying filesystem is changed,
+the behavior of the overlay is undefined, though it will not result in
+a crash or deadlock.
diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt
index efd23f481704..f586bc616391 100644
--- a/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt
+++ b/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt
@@ -364,6 +364,8 @@ struct inode_operations {
 	ssize_t (*listxattr) (struct dentry *, char *, size_t);
 	int (*removexattr) (struct dentry *, const char *);
 	void (*update_time)(struct inode *, struct timespec *, int);
+	struct file *(*open) (struct dentry *, struct file *,
+			      const struct cred *);
 };
 
 Again, all methods are called without any locks being held, unless
@@ -476,6 +478,12 @@ otherwise noted.
   	an inode.  If this is not defined the VFS will update the inode itself
   	and call mark_inode_dirty_sync.
 
+  open: this is an alternative to f_op->open(), the difference is that this
+	method may return any open file, not necessarily originating from the
+	same filesystem as the one i_op->open() was called on.  It may be useful
+	for stacking filesystems which want to allow native I/O directly on
+	underlying files.
+
 The Address Space Object
 ========================
 
diff --git a/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt
index a92c5ebf373e..ef9af9a052c0 100644
--- a/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt
+++ b/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt
@@ -252,12 +252,15 @@ bytes respectively. Such letter suffixes can also be entirely omitted.
 			For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
 
 	acpi_sleep=	[HW,ACPI] Sleep options
-			Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode, s3_beep, s4_nohwsig,
+			Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode, s3_beep, s3_leds, s4_nohwsig,
 				  old_ordering, nonvs, sci_force_enable }
 			See Documentation/power/video.txt for information on
 			s3_bios and s3_mode.
 			s3_beep is for debugging; it makes the PC's speaker beep
 			as soon as the kernel's real-mode entry point is called.
+			s3_leds is for debugging; it flashes the keyboard LEDs
+			3 times as soon as the kernel's real-mode entry point is
+			called.
 			s4_nohwsig prevents ACPI hardware signature from being
 			used during resume from hibernation.
 			old_ordering causes the ACPI 1.0 ordering of the _PTS
@@ -585,6 +588,10 @@ bytes respectively. Such letter suffixes can also be entirely omitted.
 			/proc/<pid>/coredump_filter.
 			See also Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt.
 
+	cpufreq_driver= [X86] Allow only the named cpu frequency scaling driver
+			to register. Example: cpufreq_driver=powernow-k8
+			Format: { none | STRING }
+
 	cpuidle.off=1	[CPU_IDLE]
 			disable the cpuidle sub-system
 
diff --git a/Documentation/security/Yama.txt b/Documentation/security/Yama.txt
index e369de2d48cd..b72884a0a76f 100644
--- a/Documentation/security/Yama.txt
+++ b/Documentation/security/Yama.txt
@@ -5,10 +5,54 @@ any other LSM).
 
 Yama is controlled through sysctl in /proc/sys/kernel/yama:
 
+- protected_sticky_symlinks
+- protected_nonaccess_hardlinks
 - ptrace_scope
 
 ==============================================================
 
+protected_sticky_symlinks:
+
+A long-standing class of security issues is the symlink-based
+time-of-check-time-of-use race, most commonly seen in world-writable
+directories like /tmp. The common method of exploitation of this flaw
+is to cross privilege boundaries when following a given symlink (i.e. a
+root process follows a symlink belonging to another user). For a likely
+incomplete list of hundreds of examples across the years, please see:
+http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvekey.cgi?keyword=/tmp
+
+When set to "0", symlink following behavior is unrestricted.
+
+When set to "1" symlinks are permitted to be followed only when outside
+a sticky world-writable directory, or when the uid of the symlink and
+follower match, or when the directory owner matches the symlink's owner.
+
+This protection is based on the restrictions in Openwall and grsecurity.
+
+==============================================================
+
+protected_nonaccess_hardlinks:
+
+Hardlinks can be abused in a similar fashion to symlinks in sticky
+world-writable directories, but their weakness is not limited to
+just that scenario. For example, if /etc and /home are on the same
+partition, a regular user can create a hardlink to /etc/shadow in their
+home directory. While it retains the original owner and permissions,
+it is possible for privileged programs that are otherwise symlink-safe
+to mistakenly access the file through its hardlink. Additionally, a very
+minor untraceable quota-bypassing local denial of service is possible by
+an attacker exhausting disk space by filling a world-writable directory
+with hardlinks.
+
+When set to "0", hardlink creation behavior is unrestricted.
+
+When set to "1", hardlinks cannot be created to files that a given user
+would be unable to read and write originally, or are otherwise sensitive.
+
+This protection is based on the restrictions in Openwall and grsecurity.
+
+==============================================================
+
 ptrace_scope:
 
 As Linux grows in popularity, it will become a larger target for
diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
index f6e62def61cd..14f339aa3317 100644
--- a/MAINTAINERS
+++ b/MAINTAINERS
@@ -5064,6 +5064,13 @@ F:	drivers/scsi/osd/
 F:	include/scsi/osd_*
 F:	fs/exofs/
 
+OVERLAYFS FILESYSTEM
+M:	Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
+L:	linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org
+S:	Supported
+F:	fs/overlayfs/*
+F:	Documentation/filesystems/overlayfs.txt
+
 P54 WIRELESS DRIVER
 M:	Christian Lamparter <chunkeey@googlemail.com>
 L:	linux-wireless@vger.kernel.org
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index d845c2a1aa68..c1464f4dd33d 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -349,14 +349,23 @@ CFLAGS_KERNEL	=
 AFLAGS_KERNEL	=
 CFLAGS_GCOV	= -fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage
 
+# Prefer linux-backports-modules
+ifneq ($(KBUILD_SRC),)
+ifneq ($(shell if test -e $(KBUILD_OUTPUT)/ubuntu-build; then echo yes; fi),yes)
+UBUNTUINCLUDE := -I/usr/src/linux-headers-lbm-$(KERNELRELEASE)
+endif
+endif
 
 # Use LINUXINCLUDE when you must reference the include/ directory.
 # Needed to be compatible with the O= option
-LINUXINCLUDE    := -I$(srctree)/arch/$(hdr-arch)/include \
+LINUXINCLUDE    := $(UBUNTUINCLUDE) -I$(srctree)/arch/$(hdr-arch)/include \
                    -Iarch/$(hdr-arch)/include/generated -Iinclude \
                    $(if $(KBUILD_SRC), -I$(srctree)/include) \
                    -include $(srctree)/include/linux/kconfig.h
 
+# UBUNTU: Include our third party driver stuff too
+LINUXINCLUDE   += -Iubuntu/include $(if $(KBUILD_SRC),-I$(srctree)/ubuntu/include)
+
 KBUILD_CPPFLAGS := -D__KERNEL__
 
 KBUILD_CFLAGS   := -Wall -Wundef -Wstrict-prototypes -Wno-trigraphs \
@@ -504,7 +513,7 @@ scripts: scripts_basic include/config/auto.conf include/config/tristate.conf
 
 # Objects we will link into vmlinux / subdirs we need to visit
 init-y		:= init/
-drivers-y	:= drivers/ sound/ firmware/
+drivers-y	:= drivers/ sound/ firmware/ ubuntu/
 net-y		:= net/
 libs-y		:= lib/
 core-y		:= usr/
@@ -896,6 +905,7 @@ headers_install: __headers
 	$(error Headers not exportable for the $(SRCARCH) architecture))
 	$(Q)$(MAKE) $(hdr-inst)=include
 	$(Q)$(MAKE) $(hdr-inst)=arch/$(hdr-arch)/include/asm $(hdr-dst)
+	$(Q)$(MAKE) $(hdr-inst)=ubuntu/include dst=include oldheaders=
 
 PHONY += headers_check_all
 headers_check_all: headers_install_all
@@ -905,6 +915,7 @@ PHONY += headers_check
 headers_check: headers_install
 	$(Q)$(MAKE) $(hdr-inst)=include HDRCHECK=1
 	$(Q)$(MAKE) $(hdr-inst)=arch/$(hdr-arch)/include/asm $(hdr-dst) HDRCHECK=1
+	$(Q)$(MAKE) $(hdr-inst)=ubuntu/include dst=include oldheaders= HDRCHECK=1
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Modules
diff --git a/arch/arm/Kconfig b/arch/arm/Kconfig
index b4524b9bc191..9176e10249cd 100644
--- a/arch/arm/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/arm/Kconfig
@@ -2314,6 +2314,8 @@ source "net/Kconfig"
 
 source "drivers/Kconfig"
 
+source "ubuntu/Kconfig"
+
 source "fs/Kconfig"
 
 source "arch/arm/Kconfig.debug"
diff --git a/arch/arm/boot/dts/highbank.dts b/arch/arm/boot/dts/highbank.dts
index 83e72294aefb..e735731ae399 100644
--- a/arch/arm/boot/dts/highbank.dts
+++ b/arch/arm/boot/dts/highbank.dts
@@ -124,6 +124,10 @@
 			interrupts = <0 7 4>;
 		};
 
+		ipc-keys {
+			compatible = "calxeda,hb-keys";
+		};
+
 		gpioe: gpio@fff30000 {
 			#gpio-cells = <2>;
 			compatible = "arm,pl061", "arm,primecell";
diff --git a/arch/arm/include/asm/div64.h b/arch/arm/include/asm/div64.h
index fe92ccf1d0b0..2dedab7ae089 100644
--- a/arch/arm/include/asm/div64.h
+++ b/arch/arm/include/asm/div64.h
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@
 #define do_div(n, base)							\
 ({									\
 	unsigned int __r, __b = (base);					\
+	asm("" : "+r" (__b));						\
 	if (!__builtin_constant_p(__b) || __b == 0 ||			\
 	    (__LINUX_ARM_ARCH__ < 4 && (__b & (__b - 1)) != 0)) {	\
 		/* non-constant divisor (or zero): slow path */		\
diff --git a/arch/arm/mach-highbank/Makefile b/arch/arm/mach-highbank/Makefile
index f8437dd238c2..3d4126a9ed82 100644
--- a/arch/arm/mach-highbank/Makefile
+++ b/arch/arm/mach-highbank/Makefile
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
-obj-y					:= clock.o highbank.o system.o
+obj-y					:= clock.o highbank.o system.o smc.o
+
+plus_sec := $(call as-instr,.arch_extension sec,+sec)
+AFLAGS_smc.o				:=-Wa,-march=armv7-a$(plus_sec)
+
 obj-$(CONFIG_DEBUG_HIGHBANK_UART)	+= lluart.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_SMP)			+= platsmp.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU)		+= hotplug.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_PM_SLEEP)			+= pm.o
+
+obj-y					+= pl320-ipc.o
diff --git a/arch/arm/mach-highbank/core.h b/arch/arm/mach-highbank/core.h
index d8e2d0be64ac..141ed5171826 100644
--- a/arch/arm/mach-highbank/core.h
+++ b/arch/arm/mach-highbank/core.h
@@ -8,3 +8,4 @@ extern void highbank_lluart_map_io(void);
 static inline void highbank_lluart_map_io(void) {}
 #endif
 
+extern void highbank_smc1(int fn, int arg);
diff --git a/arch/arm/mach-highbank/highbank.c b/arch/arm/mach-highbank/highbank.c
index 410a112bb52e..0ab6b34ba031 100644
--- a/arch/arm/mach-highbank/highbank.c
+++ b/arch/arm/mach-highbank/highbank.c
@@ -85,10 +85,25 @@ const static struct of_device_id irq_match[] = {
 	{}
 };
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_CACHE_L2X0
+static void highbank_l2x0_disable(void)
+{
+	/* Disable PL310 L2 Cache controller */
+	highbank_smc1(0x102, 0x0);
+}
+#endif
+
+
 static void __init highbank_init_irq(void)
 {
 	of_irq_init(irq_match);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_CACHE_L2X0
+	/* Enable PL310 L2 Cache controller */
+	highbank_smc1(0x102, 0x1);
 	l2x0_of_init(0, ~0UL);
+	outer_cache.disable = highbank_l2x0_disable;
+#endif
 }
 
 static void __init highbank_timer_init(void)
diff --git a/arch/arm/mach-highbank/include/mach/pl320-ipc.h b/arch/arm/mach-highbank/include/mach/pl320-ipc.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a0e58eed4b0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/arm/mach-highbank/include/mach/pl320-ipc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2010 Calxeda, Inc.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms and conditions of the GNU General Public License,
+ * version 2, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
+ * more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+ * this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+int ipc_call_fast(u32 *data);
+int ipc_call_slow(u32 *data);
+
+extern int pl320_ipc_register_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb);
+extern int pl320_ipc_unregister_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb);
diff --git a/arch/arm/mach-highbank/pl320-ipc.c b/arch/arm/mach-highbank/pl320-ipc.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b68d85663954
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/arm/mach-highbank/pl320-ipc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2010 Calxeda, Inc.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms and conditions of the GNU General Public License,
+ * version 2, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
+ * more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+ * this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/err.h>
+#include <linux/delay.h>
+#include <linux/export.h>
+#include <linux/io.h>
+#include <linux/interrupt.h>
+#include <linux/completion.h>
+#include <linux/mutex.h>
+#include <linux/notifier.h>
+#include <linux/spinlock.h>
+#include <linux/device.h>
+#include <linux/amba/bus.h>
+
+#include <mach/pl320-ipc.h>
+
+#define IPCMxSOURCE(m)		((m) * 0x40)
+#define IPCMxDSET(m)		(((m) * 0x40) + 0x004)
+#define IPCMxDCLEAR(m)		(((m) * 0x40) + 0x008)
+#define IPCMxDSTATUS(m)		(((m) * 0x40) + 0x00C)
+#define IPCMxMODE(m)		(((m) * 0x40) + 0x010)
+#define IPCMxMSET(m)		(((m) * 0x40) + 0x014)
+#define IPCMxMCLEAR(m)		(((m) * 0x40) + 0x018)
+#define IPCMxMSTATUS(m)		(((m) * 0x40) + 0x01C)
+#define IPCMxSEND(m)		(((m) * 0x40) + 0x020)
+#define IPCMxDR(m, dr)		(((m) * 0x40) + ((dr) * 4) + 0x024)
+
+#define IPCMMIS(irq)		(((irq) * 8) + 0x800)
+#define IPCMRIS(irq)		(((irq) * 8) + 0x804)
+
+#define MBOX_MASK(n)		(1 << (n))
+#define IPC_FAST_MBOX		0
+#define IPC_SLOW_MBOX		1
+#define IPC_RX_MBOX		2
+
+#define CHAN_MASK(n)		(1 << (n))
+#define A9_SOURCE		1
+#define M3_SOURCE		0
+
+static void __iomem *ipc_base;
+static int ipc_irq;
+static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(ipc_m0_lock);
+static DEFINE_MUTEX(ipc_m1_lock);
+static DECLARE_COMPLETION(ipc_completion);
+static ATOMIC_NOTIFIER_HEAD(ipc_notifier);
+
+static inline void set_destination(int source, int mbox)
+{
+	__raw_writel(CHAN_MASK(source), ipc_base + IPCMxDSET(mbox));
+	__raw_writel(CHAN_MASK(source), ipc_base + IPCMxMSET(mbox));
+}
+
+static inline void clear_destination(int source, int mbox)
+{
+	__raw_writel(CHAN_MASK(source), ipc_base + IPCMxDCLEAR(mbox));
+	__raw_writel(CHAN_MASK(source), ipc_base + IPCMxMCLEAR(mbox));
+}
+
+static void __ipc_send(int mbox, u32 *data)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < 7; i++)
+		__raw_writel(data[i], ipc_base + IPCMxDR(mbox, i));
+	__raw_writel(0x1, ipc_base + IPCMxSEND(mbox));
+}
+
+static u32 __ipc_rcv(int mbox, u32 *data)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < 7; i++)
+		data[i] = __raw_readl(ipc_base + IPCMxDR(mbox, i));
+	return data[1];
+}
+
+/* non-blocking implementation from the A9 side, interrupt safe in theory */
+int ipc_call_fast(u32 *data)
+{
+	int timeout, ret;
+
+	spin_lock(&ipc_m0_lock);
+
+	__ipc_send(IPC_FAST_MBOX, data);
+
+	for (timeout = 5000; timeout > 0; timeout--) {
+		if (__raw_readl(ipc_base + IPCMxSEND(IPC_FAST_MBOX)) == 0x2)
+			break;
+		udelay(100);
+	}
+	if (timeout == 0) {
+		ret = -ETIMEDOUT;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	ret = __ipc_rcv(IPC_FAST_MBOX, data);
+out:
+	__raw_writel(0, ipc_base + IPCMxSEND(IPC_FAST_MBOX));
+	spin_unlock(&ipc_m0_lock);
+	return ret;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(ipc_call_fast);
+
+/* blocking implmentation from the A9 side, not usuable in interrupts! */
+int ipc_call_slow(u32 *data)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	mutex_lock(&ipc_m1_lock);
+
+	init_completion(&ipc_completion);
+	__ipc_send(IPC_SLOW_MBOX, data);
+	ret = wait_for_completion_timeout(&ipc_completion,
+					  msecs_to_jiffies(1000));
+	if (ret == 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	ret = __ipc_rcv(IPC_SLOW_MBOX, data);
+out:
+	mutex_unlock(&ipc_m1_lock);
+	return ret;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(ipc_call_slow);
+
+irqreturn_t ipc_handler(int irq, void *dev)
+{
+	u32 irq_stat;
+	u32 data[7];
+
+	irq_stat = __raw_readl(ipc_base + IPCMMIS(1));
+	if (irq_stat & MBOX_MASK(IPC_SLOW_MBOX)) {
+		__raw_writel(0, ipc_base + IPCMxSEND(IPC_SLOW_MBOX));
+		complete(&ipc_completion);
+	}
+	if (irq_stat & MBOX_MASK(IPC_RX_MBOX)) {
+		__ipc_rcv(IPC_RX_MBOX, data);
+		atomic_notifier_call_chain(&ipc_notifier, data[0], data + 1);
+		__raw_writel(2, ipc_base + IPCMxSEND(IPC_RX_MBOX));
+	}
+
+	return IRQ_HANDLED;
+}
+
+int pl320_ipc_register_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb)
+{
+	return atomic_notifier_chain_register(&ipc_notifier, nb);
+}
+
+int pl320_ipc_unregister_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb)
+{
+	return atomic_notifier_chain_unregister(&ipc_notifier, nb);
+}
+
+static int __devinit pl320_probe(struct amba_device *adev, const struct amba_id *id)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	ipc_base = ioremap(adev->res.start, resource_size(&adev->res));
+	if (ipc_base == NULL)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	__raw_writel(0, ipc_base + IPCMxSEND(IPC_FAST_MBOX));
+	__raw_writel(0, ipc_base + IPCMxSEND(IPC_SLOW_MBOX));
+
+	ipc_irq = adev->irq[0];
+	ret = request_irq(ipc_irq, ipc_handler, 0, dev_name(&adev->dev), NULL);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		goto err;
+
+	/* Init fast mailbox */
+	__raw_writel(CHAN_MASK(A9_SOURCE), ipc_base + IPCMxSOURCE(IPC_FAST_MBOX));
+	set_destination(M3_SOURCE, IPC_FAST_MBOX);
+
+	/* Init slow mailbox */
+	__raw_writel(CHAN_MASK(A9_SOURCE), ipc_base + IPCMxSOURCE(IPC_SLOW_MBOX));
+	__raw_writel(CHAN_MASK(M3_SOURCE), ipc_base + IPCMxDSET(IPC_SLOW_MBOX));
+	__raw_writel(CHAN_MASK(M3_SOURCE) | CHAN_MASK(A9_SOURCE),
+		     ipc_base + IPCMxMSET(IPC_SLOW_MBOX));
+
+	/* Init receive mailbox */
+	__raw_writel(CHAN_MASK(M3_SOURCE), ipc_base + IPCMxSOURCE(IPC_RX_MBOX));
+	__raw_writel(CHAN_MASK(A9_SOURCE), ipc_base + IPCMxDSET(IPC_RX_MBOX));
+	__raw_writel(CHAN_MASK(M3_SOURCE) | CHAN_MASK(A9_SOURCE),
+		     ipc_base + IPCMxMSET(IPC_RX_MBOX));
+
+	return 0;
+err:
+	iounmap(ipc_base);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static struct amba_id pl320_ids[] = {
+	{
+		.id	= 0x00041320,
+		.mask	= 0x000fffff,
+	},
+	{ 0, 0 },
+};
+
+static struct amba_driver pl320_driver = {
+	.drv = {
+		.name	= "pl320",
+	},
+	.id_table	= pl320_ids,
+	.probe		= pl320_probe,
+};
+
+static int __init ipc_init(void)
+{
+	return amba_driver_register(&pl320_driver);
+}
+module_init(ipc_init);
+
+irqreturn_t ipc_test_handler(int irq, void *dev)
+{
+	u32 irq_stat;
+
+	irq_stat = __raw_readl(ipc_base + IPCMMIS(irq - (ipc_irq - 1)));
+	if (irq_stat & MBOX_MASK(IPC_FAST_MBOX)) {
+		if ((__raw_readl(ipc_base + IPCMxDR(IPC_FAST_MBOX, 0)) == 0x900dbeef) &&
+		    (__raw_readl(ipc_base + IPCMxDR(IPC_FAST_MBOX, 1)) == 1) &&
+		    (__raw_readl(ipc_base + IPCMxDR(IPC_FAST_MBOX, 2)) == 2) &&
+		    (__raw_readl(ipc_base + IPCMxDR(IPC_FAST_MBOX, 3)) == 3) &&
+		    (__raw_readl(ipc_base + IPCMxDR(IPC_FAST_MBOX, 4)) == 4) &&
+		    (__raw_readl(ipc_base + IPCMxDR(IPC_FAST_MBOX, 5)) == 5) &&
+		    (__raw_readl(ipc_base + IPCMxDR(IPC_FAST_MBOX, 6)) == 6)) {
+			printk(KERN_ERR "ipc fast mbox message %X received\n", __raw_readl(ipc_base + IPCMxDR(IPC_FAST_MBOX, 0)));
+			__raw_writel(0xBADBEEF, ipc_base + IPCMxDR(IPC_FAST_MBOX, 1));
+		}
+		__raw_writel(0x2, ipc_base + IPCMxSEND(IPC_FAST_MBOX));
+	}
+	if (irq_stat & MBOX_MASK(IPC_SLOW_MBOX)) {
+		if ((__raw_readl(ipc_base + IPCMxDR(IPC_SLOW_MBOX, 0)) == 0x12345678) &&
+		    (__raw_readl(ipc_base + IPCMxDR(IPC_SLOW_MBOX, 1)) == 6) &&
+		    (__raw_readl(ipc_base + IPCMxDR(IPC_SLOW_MBOX, 2)) == 5) &&
+		    (__raw_readl(ipc_base + IPCMxDR(IPC_SLOW_MBOX, 3)) == 4) &&
+		    (__raw_readl(ipc_base + IPCMxDR(IPC_SLOW_MBOX, 4)) == 3) &&
+		    (__raw_readl(ipc_base + IPCMxDR(IPC_SLOW_MBOX, 5)) == 2) &&
+		    (__raw_readl(ipc_base + IPCMxDR(IPC_SLOW_MBOX, 6)) == 1)) {
+			printk("slow mbox message %X received\n", __raw_readl(ipc_base + IPCMxDR(IPC_SLOW_MBOX, 0)));
+			__raw_writel(0x87654321, ipc_base + IPCMxDR(IPC_SLOW_MBOX, 1));
+		}
+		__raw_writel(0x2, ipc_base + IPCMxSEND(IPC_SLOW_MBOX));
+	}
+	if (irq_stat & MBOX_MASK(IPC_RX_MBOX)) {
+		__raw_writel(0, ipc_base + IPCMxSEND(IPC_RX_MBOX));
+		// handle events
+	}
+
+	return IRQ_HANDLED;
+}
+
+static void __init ipc_test(void)
+{
+	int ret, i;
+
+	printk("ipc test start\n");
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+		u32 data[7];
+		int j;
+		if (i == 1) continue;
+
+		if (request_irq(ipc_irq - 1 + i, ipc_test_handler, 0, "ipc", NULL) < 0) {
+			printk("ipc - request_irq failed - FAIL\n");
+			return;
+		}
+
+		set_destination(i, IPC_FAST_MBOX);
+		set_destination(i, IPC_SLOW_MBOX);
+
+		for (j = 1; j < 7; j++)
+			data[j] = j;
+		data[0] = 0x900dbeef;
+		ret = ipc_call_fast(data);
+		if (ret == 0xbadbeef)
+			printk(KERN_ERR "ipc %d fast call - PASS\n", i);
+		else
+			printk(KERN_ERR "ipc %d fast call fail %d\n", i, ret);
+		for (j = 1; j < 7; j++)
+			data[j] = 7 - j;
+		data[0] = 0x12345678;
+		ret = ipc_call_slow(data);
+		if (ret == 0x87654321)
+			printk("ipc %d slow call - PASS\n", i);
+
+		clear_destination(i, IPC_FAST_MBOX);
+		clear_destination(i, IPC_SLOW_MBOX);
+
+		free_irq(ipc_irq - 1 + i, NULL);
+	}
+	set_destination(M3_SOURCE, IPC_FAST_MBOX);
+	set_destination(M3_SOURCE, IPC_SLOW_MBOX);
+}
+//late_initcall(ipc_test);
+
diff --git a/arch/arm/mach-highbank/smc.S b/arch/arm/mach-highbank/smc.S
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8b116325c8cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/arm/mach-highbank/smc.S
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/*
+ * Copied from omap44xx-smc.S
+ * Copyright (C) 2010 Texas Instruments, Inc.
+ * Written by Santosh Shilimkar <santosh.shilimkar@ti.com>
+ *
+ *
+ * This program is free software,you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/linkage.h>
+
+/*
+ * This is common routine to manage secure monitor API
+ * used to modify the PL310 secure registers.
+ * 'r0' contains the value to be modified and 'r12' contains
+ * the monitor API number. It uses few CPU registers
+ * internally and hence they need be backed up including
+ * link register "lr".
+ * Function signature : void omap_smc1(u32 fn, u32 arg)
+ */
+
+ENTRY(highbank_smc1)
+	stmfd   sp!, {r2-r12, lr}
+	mov	r12, r0
+	mov 	r0, r1
+	dsb
+	smc	#0
+	ldmfd   sp!, {r2-r12, pc}
+ENDPROC(highbank_smc1)
diff --git a/arch/arm/mm/Kconfig b/arch/arm/mm/Kconfig
index 28773e6211f6..cf10218b9062 100644
--- a/arch/arm/mm/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/arm/mm/Kconfig
@@ -843,7 +843,7 @@ config ARM_L1_CACHE_SHIFT
 config ARM_DMA_MEM_BUFFERABLE
 	bool "Use non-cacheable memory for DMA" if (CPU_V6 || CPU_V6K) && !CPU_V7
 	depends on !(MACH_REALVIEW_PB1176 || REALVIEW_EB_ARM11MP || \
-		     MACH_REALVIEW_PB11MP)
+		     MACH_REALVIEW_PB11MP || ARCH_HIGHBANK)
 	default y if CPU_V6 || CPU_V6K || CPU_V7
 	help
 	  Historically, the kernel has used strongly ordered mappings to
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/Kconfig b/arch/powerpc/Kconfig
index 050cb371a69e..a9363d28dbbd 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/powerpc/Kconfig
@@ -986,6 +986,8 @@ source "net/Kconfig"
 
 source "drivers/Kconfig"
 
+source "ubuntu/Kconfig"
+
 source "fs/Kconfig"
 
 source "arch/powerpc/sysdev/qe_lib/Kconfig"
diff --git a/arch/x86/Kconfig b/arch/x86/Kconfig
index c70684f859e1..8e083c36f519 100644
--- a/arch/x86/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/x86/Kconfig
@@ -381,6 +381,12 @@ config X86_UV
 # Following is an alphabetically sorted list of 32 bit extended platforms
 # Please maintain the alphabetic order if and when there are additions
 
+config X86_LPIA
+	bool "LPIA-compatible"
+	depends on X86_32 && X86_PC
+	help
+	  Choose this option if your computer is an LPIA platform.
+
 config X86_INTEL_CE
 	bool "CE4100 TV platform"
 	depends on PCI
@@ -2220,6 +2226,8 @@ source "net/Kconfig"
 
 source "drivers/Kconfig"
 
+source "ubuntu/Kconfig"
+
 source "drivers/firmware/Kconfig"
 
 source "fs/Kconfig"
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/dma-mapping.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/dma-mapping.h
index f7b4c7903e7e..fab11b0ab4ff 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/dma-mapping.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/dma-mapping.h
@@ -162,8 +162,6 @@ static inline void dma_free_attrs(struct device *dev, size_t size,
 {
 	struct dma_map_ops *ops = get_dma_ops(dev);
 
-	WARN_ON(irqs_disabled());       /* for portability */
-
 	if (dma_release_from_coherent(dev, get_order(size), vaddr))
 		return;
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/acpi/sleep.c b/arch/x86/kernel/acpi/sleep.c
index 95bf99de9058..79357aae9f10 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/acpi/sleep.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/acpi/sleep.c
@@ -94,6 +94,8 @@ static int __init acpi_sleep_setup(char *str)
 			acpi_realmode_flags |= 2;
 		if (strncmp(str, "s3_beep", 7) == 0)
 			acpi_realmode_flags |= 4;
+		if (strncmp(str, "s3_leds", 7) == 0)
+			acpi_realmode_flags |= 8;
 #ifdef CONFIG_HIBERNATION
 		if (strncmp(str, "s4_nohwsig", 10) == 0)
 			acpi_no_s4_hw_signature();
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/reboot.c b/arch/x86/kernel/reboot.c
index 25b48edb847c..a108d81539ea 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/reboot.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/reboot.c
@@ -435,6 +435,14 @@ static struct dmi_system_id __initdata reboot_dmi_table[] = {
 			DMI_MATCH(DMI_PRODUCT_NAME, "Latitude E5420"),
 		},
 	},
+	{       /* Handle problems with rebooting on the Latitude E6220. */
+		.callback = set_pci_reboot,
+		.ident = "Dell Latitude E6220",
+		.matches = {
+			DMI_MATCH(DMI_SYS_VENDOR, "Dell Inc."),
+			DMI_MATCH(DMI_PRODUCT_NAME, "Latitude E6220"),
+		},
+	},
 	{	/* Handle problems with rebooting on the Latitude E6420. */
 		.callback = set_pci_reboot,
 		.ident = "Dell Latitude E6420",
@@ -451,6 +459,30 @@ static struct dmi_system_id __initdata reboot_dmi_table[] = {
 			DMI_MATCH(DMI_PRODUCT_NAME, "OptiPlex 990"),
 		},
 	},
+	{	/* Handle problems with rebooting on the Latitude E6520. */
+		.callback = set_pci_reboot,
+		.ident = "Dell Latitude E6520",
+		.matches = {
+			DMI_MATCH(DMI_SYS_VENDOR, "Dell Inc."),
+			DMI_MATCH(DMI_PRODUCT_NAME, "Latitude E6520"),
+		},
+	},
+	{       /* Handle problems with rebooting on the OptiPlex 790. */
+		.callback = set_pci_reboot,
+		.ident = "Dell OptiPlex 790",
+		.matches = {
+			DMI_MATCH(DMI_SYS_VENDOR, "Dell Inc."),
+			DMI_MATCH(DMI_PRODUCT_NAME, "OptiPlex 790"),
+		},
+	},
+	{	/* Handle problems with rebooting on the OptiPlex 990. */
+		.callback = set_pci_reboot,
+		.ident = "Dell OptiPlex 990",
+		.matches = {
+			DMI_MATCH(DMI_SYS_VENDOR, "Dell Inc."),
+			DMI_MATCH(DMI_PRODUCT_NAME, "OptiPlex 990"),
+		},
+	},
 	{ }
 };
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/realmode/rm/wakemain.c b/arch/x86/realmode/rm/wakemain.c
index 91405d515ec6..810b9c13c7ab 100644
--- a/arch/x86/realmode/rm/wakemain.c
+++ b/arch/x86/realmode/rm/wakemain.c
@@ -61,6 +61,30 @@ static void send_morse(const char *pattern)
 	}
 }
 
+#define I8042_STATUS_REG	0x64
+#define I8042_DATA_REG		0x60
+#define I8042_SET_LED_BITS	0xed
+#define I8042_STR_IBF		0x02
+
+static void flash_keyboard_leds(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	unsigned char leds = 7;
+
+	/* Flash keyboard LEDs 3 times */
+	for (i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+		while (inb(I8042_STATUS_REG) & I8042_STR_IBF)
+			;
+		outb(I8042_SET_LED_BITS, I8042_DATA_REG);
+		while (inb(I8042_STATUS_REG) & I8042_STR_IBF)
+			;
+		outb(leds, I8042_DATA_REG);
+		leds ^= 7;
+		udelay(500000);
+	}
+}
+
+
 void main(void)
 {
 	/* Kill machine if structures are wrong */
@@ -79,4 +103,7 @@ void main(void)
 		probe_cards(0);
 		set_mode(wakeup_header.video_mode);
 	}
+
+	if (wakeup_header.realmode_flags & 8)
+		flash_keyboard_leds();
 }
diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/enlighten.c b/arch/x86/xen/enlighten.c
index e74df9548a02..bfe6bc0c310d 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/enlighten.c
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/enlighten.c
@@ -941,6 +941,7 @@ static void xen_write_cr4(unsigned long cr4)
 {
 	cr4 &= ~X86_CR4_PGE;
 	cr4 &= ~X86_CR4_PSE;
+	cr4 &= ~X86_CR4_OSXSAVE;
 
 	native_write_cr4(cr4);
 }
diff --git a/block/scsi_ioctl.c b/block/scsi_ioctl.c
index 260fa80ef575..becbc6f8619a 100644
--- a/block/scsi_ioctl.c
+++ b/block/scsi_ioctl.c
@@ -27,6 +27,9 @@
 #include <linux/ratelimit.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/times.h>
+#include <linux/fd.h>
+#include <linux/raid/md_u.h>
+#include <linux/mtio.h>
 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
 
 #include <scsi/scsi.h>
@@ -710,8 +713,17 @@ int scsi_verify_blk_ioctl(struct block_device *bd, unsigned int cmd)
 	case SG_GET_RESERVED_SIZE:
 	case SG_SET_RESERVED_SIZE:
 	case SG_EMULATED_HOST:
+	case BLKFLSBUF:
+	case BLKROSET:
 		return 0;
 	case CDROM_GET_CAPABILITY:
+	case CDROM_DRIVE_STATUS:
+	case FDGETPRM:
+	case RAID_VERSION:
+	case MTIOCGET:
+#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
+	case 0x801c6d02:        /* MTIOCGET32 */
+#endif
 		/* Keep this until we remove the printk below.  udev sends it
 		 * and we do not want to spam dmesg about it.   CD-ROMs do
 		 * not have partitions, so we get here only for disks.
diff --git a/drivers/acpi/battery.c b/drivers/acpi/battery.c
index 7dd3f9fb9f3f..f22741069adb 100644
--- a/drivers/acpi/battery.c
+++ b/drivers/acpi/battery.c
@@ -976,6 +976,18 @@ static int battery_notify(struct notifier_block *nb,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static LIST_HEAD(acpi_battery_domain);
+
+static void acpi_battery_update_async(struct acpi_device *device, async_cookie_t cookie)
+{
+	struct acpi_battery *battery = acpi_driver_data(device);
+
+	acpi_battery_update(battery);
+	printk(KERN_INFO PREFIX "%s Slot [%s] (battery %s)\n",
+		ACPI_BATTERY_DEVICE_NAME, acpi_device_bid(device),
+		device->status.battery_present ? "present" : "absent");
+}
+
 static int acpi_battery_add(struct acpi_device *device)
 {
 	int result = 0;
@@ -995,13 +1007,16 @@ static int acpi_battery_add(struct acpi_device *device)
 	if (ACPI_SUCCESS(acpi_get_handle(battery->device->handle,
 			"_BIX", &handle)))
 		set_bit(ACPI_BATTERY_XINFO_PRESENT, &battery->flags);
-	result = acpi_battery_update(battery);
-	if (result)
-		goto fail;
+
+	/* Mark the battery for update at first access. */
+	battery->update_time = 0;
 #ifdef CONFIG_ACPI_PROCFS_POWER
 	result = acpi_battery_add_fs(device);
 #endif
-	if (result) {
+	if (!result) {
+		async_schedule_domain(acpi_battery_update_async, device, &acpi_battery_domain);
+
+	} else {
 #ifdef CONFIG_ACPI_PROCFS_POWER
 		acpi_battery_remove_fs(device);
 #endif
@@ -1031,6 +1046,10 @@ static int acpi_battery_remove(struct acpi_device *device, int type)
 
 	if (!device || !acpi_driver_data(device))
 		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* Ensure all async updates are complete before freeing the battery. */
+	async_synchronize_full_domain(&acpi_battery_domain);
+
 	battery = acpi_driver_data(device);
 	unregister_pm_notifier(&battery->pm_nb);
 #ifdef CONFIG_ACPI_PROCFS_POWER
@@ -1068,27 +1087,21 @@ static struct acpi_driver acpi_battery_driver = {
 		},
 };
 
-static void __init acpi_battery_init_async(void *unused, async_cookie_t cookie)
+static int __init acpi_battery_init(void)
 {
 	if (acpi_disabled)
 		return;
 #ifdef CONFIG_ACPI_PROCFS_POWER
 	acpi_battery_dir = acpi_lock_battery_dir();
 	if (!acpi_battery_dir)
-		return;
+		return -1;
 #endif
 	if (acpi_bus_register_driver(&acpi_battery_driver) < 0) {
 #ifdef CONFIG_ACPI_PROCFS_POWER
 		acpi_unlock_battery_dir(acpi_battery_dir);
 #endif
-		return;
+		return -1;
 	}
-	return;
-}
-
-static int __init acpi_battery_init(void)
-{
-	async_schedule(acpi_battery_init_async, NULL);
 	return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/drivers/acpi/video.c b/drivers/acpi/video.c
index a576575617d7..e58b53c86ae6 100644
--- a/drivers/acpi/video.c
+++ b/drivers/acpi/video.c
@@ -73,6 +73,14 @@ static bool brightness_switch_enabled = 1;
 module_param(brightness_switch_enabled, bool, 0644);
 
 /*
+ *  The Default is to let the OS handle brightness autoswitching due to
+ *  AC/battery status changes. On some laptops (MSI Wind) this doesn't
+ *  work so we need a workaround.
+ */
+static int brightness_autoswitch_via_bios = 0;
+module_param(brightness_autoswitch_via_bios, bool, 0644);
+
+/*
  * By default, we don't allow duplicate ACPI video bus devices
  * under the same VGA controller
  */
@@ -1423,7 +1431,7 @@ static int acpi_video_bus_put_devices(struct acpi_video_bus *video)
 
 static int acpi_video_bus_start_devices(struct acpi_video_bus *video)
 {
-	return acpi_video_bus_DOS(video, 0, 0);
+	return acpi_video_bus_DOS(video, 0, !brightness_autoswitch_via_bios);
 }
 
 static int acpi_video_bus_stop_devices(struct acpi_video_bus *video)
diff --git a/drivers/block/nbd.c b/drivers/block/nbd.c
index 061427a75d37..bb8b53da1db7 100644
--- a/drivers/block/nbd.c
+++ b/drivers/block/nbd.c
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ static unsigned int debugflags;
 
 static unsigned int nbds_max = 16;
 static struct nbd_device *nbd_dev;
-static int max_part;
+static int max_part = 15;
 
 /*
  * Use just one lock (or at most 1 per NIC). Two arguments for this:
diff --git a/drivers/block/xen-blkfront.c b/drivers/block/xen-blkfront.c
index 60eed4bdd2e4..31b3541f8096 100644
--- a/drivers/block/xen-blkfront.c
+++ b/drivers/block/xen-blkfront.c
@@ -73,7 +73,8 @@ struct blk_shadow {
 static DEFINE_MUTEX(blkfront_mutex);
 static const struct block_device_operations xlvbd_block_fops;
 
-#define BLK_RING_SIZE __CONST_RING_SIZE(blkif, PAGE_SIZE)
+#define BLK_MAX_RING_AREA_SIZE (BLKIF_MAX_NUM_RING_PAGES * PAGE_SIZE)
+#define BLK_MAX_RING_SIZE __CONST_RING_SIZE(blkif, BLK_MAX_RING_AREA_SIZE)
 
 /*
  * We have one of these per vbd, whether ide, scsi or 'other'.  They
@@ -89,14 +90,15 @@ struct blkfront_info
 	int vdevice;
 	blkif_vdev_t handle;
 	enum blkif_state connected;
-	int ring_ref;
+	int num_ring_pages;
+	int ring_ref[BLKIF_MAX_NUM_RING_PAGES];
 	struct blkif_front_ring ring;
 	struct scatterlist sg[BLKIF_MAX_SEGMENTS_PER_REQUEST];
 	unsigned int evtchn, irq;
 	struct request_queue *rq;
 	struct work_struct work;
 	struct gnttab_free_callback callback;
-	struct blk_shadow shadow[BLK_RING_SIZE];
+	struct blk_shadow shadow[BLK_MAX_RING_SIZE];
 	unsigned long shadow_free;
 	unsigned int feature_flush;
 	unsigned int flush_op;
@@ -135,7 +137,8 @@ static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(minor_lock);
 static int get_id_from_freelist(struct blkfront_info *info)
 {
 	unsigned long free = info->shadow_free;
-	BUG_ON(free >= BLK_RING_SIZE);
+	int ring_size = __RING_SIZE((struct blkif_sring *)0, info->num_ring_pages * PAGE_SIZE);
+	BUG_ON(free >= ring_size);
 	info->shadow_free = info->shadow[free].req.u.rw.id;
 	info->shadow[free].req.u.rw.id = 0x0fffffee; /* debug */
 	return free;
@@ -685,6 +688,8 @@ static void blkif_restart_queue(struct work_struct *work)
 
 static void blkif_free(struct blkfront_info *info, int suspend)
 {
+	int i;
+
 	/* Prevent new requests being issued until we fix things up. */
 	spin_lock_irq(&info->io_lock);
 	info->connected = suspend ?
@@ -700,10 +705,17 @@ static void blkif_free(struct blkfront_info *info, int suspend)
 	flush_work_sync(&info->work);
 
 	/* Free resources associated with old device channel. */
-	if (info->ring_ref != GRANT_INVALID_REF) {
-		gnttab_end_foreign_access(info->ring_ref, 0,
-					  (unsigned long)info->ring.sring);
-		info->ring_ref = GRANT_INVALID_REF;
+	for (i = 0; i < info->num_ring_pages; i++) {
+		/* Free resources associated with old device channel. */
+		if (info->ring_ref[i] != GRANT_INVALID_REF) {
+			gnttab_end_foreign_access(info->ring_ref[i], 0, 0L);
+			info->ring_ref[i] = GRANT_INVALID_REF;
+		}
+	}
+	if (info->ring.sring) {
+		int ring_area_size = info->num_ring_pages * PAGE_SIZE;
+		free_pages((unsigned long)info->ring.sring,
+			   get_order(ring_area_size));
 		info->ring.sring = NULL;
 	}
 	if (info->irq)
@@ -828,27 +840,32 @@ static int setup_blkring(struct xenbus_device *dev,
 			 struct blkfront_info *info)
 {
 	struct blkif_sring *sring;
-	int err;
+	int i, order, err;
+	int ring_area_size = info->num_ring_pages * PAGE_SIZE;
 
-	info->ring_ref = GRANT_INVALID_REF;
+	for (i = 0; i < info->num_ring_pages; i++) {
+		info->ring_ref[i] = GRANT_INVALID_REF;
+	}
 
-	sring = (struct blkif_sring *)__get_free_page(GFP_NOIO | __GFP_HIGH);
+	order = get_order(ring_area_size);
+	sring = (struct blkif_sring *)__get_free_pages(GFP_KERNEL, order);
 	if (!sring) {
 		xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, -ENOMEM, "allocating shared ring");
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	}
 	SHARED_RING_INIT(sring);
-	FRONT_RING_INIT(&info->ring, sring, PAGE_SIZE);
-
-	sg_init_table(info->sg, BLKIF_MAX_SEGMENTS_PER_REQUEST);
-
-	err = xenbus_grant_ring(dev, virt_to_mfn(info->ring.sring));
-	if (err < 0) {
-		free_page((unsigned long)sring);
-		info->ring.sring = NULL;
-		goto fail;
+	FRONT_RING_INIT(&info->ring, sring, ring_area_size);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < info->num_ring_pages; i++) {
+		unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)info->ring.sring + i * PAGE_SIZE;
+		err = xenbus_grant_ring(dev, virt_to_mfn(addr));
+		if (err < 0) {
+			free_pages((unsigned long)sring, order);
+			info->ring.sring = NULL;
+			goto fail;
+		}
+		info->ring_ref[i] = err;
 	}
-	info->ring_ref = err;
 
 	err = xenbus_alloc_evtchn(dev, &info->evtchn);
 	if (err)
@@ -877,7 +894,13 @@ static int talk_to_blkback(struct xenbus_device *dev,
 {
 	const char *message = NULL;
 	struct xenbus_transaction xbt;
-	int err;
+	int err, i;
+
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(BLKIF_MAX_NUM_RING_PAGES != 1 &&
+	       BLKIF_MAX_NUM_RING_PAGES != 2 &&
+	       BLKIF_MAX_NUM_RING_PAGES != 4 &&
+	       BLKIF_MAX_NUM_RING_PAGES != 8 &&
+	       BLKIF_MAX_NUM_RING_PAGES != 16);
 
 	/* Create shared ring, alloc event channel. */
 	err = setup_blkring(dev, info);
@@ -891,11 +914,30 @@ again:
 		goto destroy_blkring;
 	}
 
-	err = xenbus_printf(xbt, dev->nodename,
-			    "ring-ref", "%u", info->ring_ref);
-	if (err) {
-		message = "writing ring-ref";
-		goto abort_transaction;
+	if (info->num_ring_pages == 1) {
+		err = xenbus_printf(xbt, dev->nodename,
+				"ring-ref", "%u", info->ring_ref[0]);
+		if (err) {
+			message = "writing ring-ref";
+			goto abort_transaction;
+		}
+	} else {
+		err = xenbus_printf(xbt, dev->nodename, "num-ring-pages", "%u",
+				info->num_ring_pages);
+		if (err) {
+			message = "writing num-ring-pages";
+			goto abort_transaction;
+		}
+		for (i = 0; i < info->num_ring_pages; i++) {
+			char buf[16];
+			snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "ring-ref%d", i);
+			err = xenbus_printf(xbt, dev->nodename, buf, "%u",
+					info->ring_ref[i]);
+			if (err) {
+				message = "writing ring-refs";
+				goto abort_transaction;
+			}
+		}
 	}
 	err = xenbus_printf(xbt, dev->nodename,
 			    "event-channel", "%u", info->evtchn);
@@ -943,6 +985,7 @@ static int blkfront_probe(struct xenbus_device *dev,
 {
 	int err, vdevice, i;
 	struct blkfront_info *info;
+	int ring_size, max_ring_pages;
 
 	/* FIXME: Use dynamic device id if this is not set. */
 	err = xenbus_scanf(XBT_NIL, dev->nodename,
@@ -956,6 +999,10 @@ static int blkfront_probe(struct xenbus_device *dev,
 			return err;
 		}
 	}
+	err = xenbus_scanf(XBT_NIL, dev->otherend,
+			   "max-ring-pages", "%u", &max_ring_pages);
+	if (err != 1)
+		max_ring_pages = 1;
 
 	if (xen_hvm_domain()) {
 		char *type;
@@ -999,9 +1046,13 @@ static int blkfront_probe(struct xenbus_device *dev,
 	info->connected = BLKIF_STATE_DISCONNECTED;
 	INIT_WORK(&info->work, blkif_restart_queue);
 
-	for (i = 0; i < BLK_RING_SIZE; i++)
+	info->num_ring_pages = min(max_ring_pages, BLKIF_MAX_NUM_RING_PAGES);
+
+	ring_size = __RING_SIZE((struct blkif_sring *)0,
+				info->num_ring_pages * PAGE_SIZE);
+	for (i = 0; i < ring_size; i++)
 		info->shadow[i].req.u.rw.id = i+1;
-	info->shadow[BLK_RING_SIZE-1].req.u.rw.id = 0x0fffffff;
+	info->shadow[ring_size-1].req.u.rw.id = 0x0fffffff;
 
 	/* Front end dir is a number, which is used as the id. */
 	info->handle = simple_strtoul(strrchr(dev->nodename, '/')+1, NULL, 0);
@@ -1014,6 +1065,9 @@ static int blkfront_probe(struct xenbus_device *dev,
 		return err;
 	}
 
+	printk(KERN_INFO "blkfront %s num-ring-pages %d nr_ents %d.\n",
+		dev->nodename, info->num_ring_pages, ring_size);
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1024,6 +1078,7 @@ static int blkif_recover(struct blkfront_info *info)
 	struct blkif_request *req;
 	struct blk_shadow *copy;
 	int j;
+	int ring_size = __RING_SIZE((struct blkif_sring *)0, info->num_ring_pages * PAGE_SIZE);
 
 	/* Stage 1: Make a safe copy of the shadow state. */
 	copy = kmalloc(sizeof(info->shadow),
@@ -1034,13 +1089,13 @@ static int blkif_recover(struct blkfront_info *info)
 
 	/* Stage 2: Set up free list. */
 	memset(&info->shadow, 0, sizeof(info->shadow));
-	for (i = 0; i < BLK_RING_SIZE; i++)
+	for (i = 0; i < ring_size; i++)
 		info->shadow[i].req.u.rw.id = i+1;
 	info->shadow_free = info->ring.req_prod_pvt;
-	info->shadow[BLK_RING_SIZE-1].req.u.rw.id = 0x0fffffff;
+	info->shadow[ring_size-1].req.u.rw.id = 0x0fffffff;
 
 	/* Stage 3: Find pending requests and requeue them. */
-	for (i = 0; i < BLK_RING_SIZE; i++) {
+	for (i = 0; i < ring_size; i++) {
 		/* Not in use? */
 		if (!copy[i].request)
 			continue;
@@ -1511,3 +1566,4 @@ MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
 MODULE_ALIAS_BLOCKDEV_MAJOR(XENVBD_MAJOR);
 MODULE_ALIAS("xen:vbd");
 MODULE_ALIAS("xenblk");
+
diff --git a/drivers/bluetooth/btusb.c b/drivers/bluetooth/btusb.c
index c9463af8e564..e9611d2cb440 100644
--- a/drivers/bluetooth/btusb.c
+++ b/drivers/bluetooth/btusb.c
@@ -102,10 +102,13 @@ static struct usb_device_id btusb_table[] = {
 
 	/* Broadcom BCM20702A0 */
 	{ USB_DEVICE(0x0489, 0xe042) },
+	{ USB_DEVICE(0x0a5c, 0x21e1) },
 	{ USB_DEVICE(0x0a5c, 0x21e3) },
 	{ USB_DEVICE(0x0a5c, 0x21e6) },
 	{ USB_DEVICE(0x0a5c, 0x21e8) },
 	{ USB_DEVICE(0x0a5c, 0x21f3) },
+	{ USB_DEVICE(0x0a5c, 0x21e6) },
+	{ USB_DEVICE(0x0a5c, 0x21f3) },
 	{ USB_DEVICE(0x413c, 0x8197) },
 
 	/* Foxconn - Hon Hai */
diff --git a/drivers/cdrom/cdrom.c b/drivers/cdrom/cdrom.c
index d620b4495745..72cf3159c67c 100644
--- a/drivers/cdrom/cdrom.c
+++ b/drivers/cdrom/cdrom.c
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ static bool debug;
 /* default compatibility mode */
 static bool autoclose=1;
 static bool autoeject;
-static bool lockdoor = 1;
+static bool lockdoor = 0;
 /* will we ever get to use this... sigh. */
 static bool check_media_type;
 /* automatically restart mrw format */
diff --git a/drivers/cpufreq/cpufreq.c b/drivers/cpufreq/cpufreq.c
index 7f2f149ae40f..222966f34432 100644
--- a/drivers/cpufreq/cpufreq.c
+++ b/drivers/cpufreq/cpufreq.c
@@ -1817,6 +1817,20 @@ static struct notifier_block __refdata cpufreq_cpu_notifier = {
  *               REGISTER / UNREGISTER CPUFREQ DRIVER                *
  *********************************************************************/
 
+static char cpufreq_driver_name[CPUFREQ_NAME_LEN];
+
+static int __init cpufreq_driver_setup(char *str)
+{
+	strlcpy(cpufreq_driver_name, str, CPUFREQ_NAME_LEN);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set this name to only allow one specific cpu freq driver, e.g.,
+ * cpufreq_driver=powernow-k8
+ */
+__setup("cpufreq_driver=", cpufreq_driver_setup);
+
 /**
  * cpufreq_register_driver - register a CPU Frequency driver
  * @driver_data: A struct cpufreq_driver containing the values#
@@ -1839,7 +1853,13 @@ int cpufreq_register_driver(struct cpufreq_driver *driver_data)
 	    ((!driver_data->setpolicy) && (!driver_data->target)))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	pr_debug("trying to register driver %s\n", driver_data->name);
+	pr_debug("trying to register driver %s, cpufreq_driver=%s\n",
+		driver_data->name, cpufreq_driver_name);
+
+	if (cpufreq_driver_name[0])
+		if (!driver_data->name ||
+			strcmp(cpufreq_driver_name, driver_data->name))
+				return -EINVAL;
 
 	if (driver_data->setpolicy)
 		driver_data->flags |= CPUFREQ_CONST_LOOPS;
diff --git a/drivers/firewire/ohci.c b/drivers/firewire/ohci.c
index c1af05e834b6..6ac61488082e 100644
--- a/drivers/firewire/ohci.c
+++ b/drivers/firewire/ohci.c
@@ -320,6 +320,8 @@ static const struct {
 
 	{PCI_VENDOR_ID_VIA, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID,
 		QUIRK_CYCLE_TIMER | QUIRK_NO_MSI},
+	{PCI_VENDOR_ID_O2, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID,
+		QUIRK_NO_MSI},
 };
 
 /* This overrides anything that was found in ohci_quirks[]. */
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_fops.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_fops.c
index 123de28f94ef..9c14f633772c 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_fops.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_fops.c
@@ -129,7 +129,8 @@ int drm_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
 	minor = idr_find(&drm_minors_idr, minor_id);
 	if (!minor)
 		return -ENODEV;
-
+	if (IS_ERR(minor))
+		return PTR_ERR(minor);
 	if (!(dev = minor->dev))
 		return -ENODEV;
 
@@ -180,7 +181,10 @@ int drm_stub_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
 	minor = idr_find(&drm_minors_idr, minor_id);
 	if (!minor)
 		goto out;
-
+	if (IS_ERR(minor)) {
+		err = PTR_ERR(minor);
+		goto out;
+	}
 	if (!(dev = minor->dev))
 		goto out;
 
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_pci.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_pci.c
index 13f3d936472f..b3216724122a 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_pci.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_pci.c
@@ -367,6 +367,10 @@ int drm_get_pci_dev(struct pci_dev *pdev, const struct pci_device_id *ent,
 
 	list_add_tail(&dev->driver_item, &driver->device_list);
 
+	if (drm_core_check_feature(dev, DRIVER_MODESET))
+		idr_replace(&drm_minors_idr, dev->control, dev->control->index);
+	idr_replace(&drm_minors_idr, dev->primary, dev->primary->index);
+
 	DRM_INFO("Initialized %s %d.%d.%d %s for %s on minor %d\n",
 		 driver->name, driver->major, driver->minor, driver->patchlevel,
 		 driver->date, pci_name(pdev), dev->primary->index);
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_platform.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_platform.c
index 82431dcae37b..d749389a15a0 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_platform.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_platform.c
@@ -90,6 +90,10 @@ int drm_get_platform_dev(struct platform_device *platdev,
 
 	list_add_tail(&dev->driver_item, &driver->device_list);
 
+	if (drm_core_check_feature(dev, DRIVER_MODESET))
+		idr_replace(&drm_minors_idr, dev->control, dev->control->index);
+	idr_replace(&drm_minors_idr, dev->primary, dev->primary->index);
+
 	mutex_unlock(&drm_global_mutex);
 
 	DRM_INFO("Initialized %s %d.%d.%d %s on minor %d\n",
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_stub.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_stub.c
index 21bcd4a555d8..0251c38ac267 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_stub.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_stub.c
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ int drm_get_minor(struct drm_device *dev, struct drm_minor **minor, int type)
 	new_minor->index = minor_id;
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&new_minor->master_list);
 
-	idr_replace(&drm_minors_idr, new_minor, minor_id);
+	idr_replace(&drm_minors_idr, ERR_PTR(-EAGAIN), minor_id);
 
 	if (type == DRM_MINOR_LEGACY) {
 		ret = drm_proc_init(new_minor, minor_id, drm_proc_root);
diff --git a/drivers/input/keyboard/Kconfig b/drivers/input/keyboard/Kconfig
index c0e11ecc646f..c99bf9065f75 100644
--- a/drivers/input/keyboard/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/input/keyboard/Kconfig
@@ -204,6 +204,17 @@ config KEYBOARD_GPIO_POLLED
 	  To compile this driver as a module, choose M here: the
 	  module will be called gpio_keys_polled.
 
+config KEYBOARD_HIGHBANK
+	tristate "Calxeda Highbank Virtual Keys"
+	depends on ARCH_HIGHBANK
+	default y
+	help
+	  This driver implements support for virtual power keys on Calxeda
+	  Highbank systems.
+
+	  To compile this driver as a module, choose M here: the
+	  module will be called highbank_keys.
+
 config KEYBOARD_TCA6416
 	tristate "TCA6416/TCA6408A Keypad Support"
 	depends on I2C
diff --git a/drivers/input/keyboard/Makefile b/drivers/input/keyboard/Makefile
index b03b02456a82..5dc046906f3f 100644
--- a/drivers/input/keyboard/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/input/keyboard/Makefile
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_KEYBOARD_DAVINCI)		+= davinci_keyscan.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_KEYBOARD_EP93XX)		+= ep93xx_keypad.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_KEYBOARD_GPIO)		+= gpio_keys.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_KEYBOARD_GPIO_POLLED)	+= gpio_keys_polled.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_KEYBOARD_HIGHBANK)		+= highbank_keys.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_KEYBOARD_TCA6416)		+= tca6416-keypad.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_KEYBOARD_TCA8418)		+= tca8418_keypad.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_KEYBOARD_HIL)		+= hil_kbd.o
diff --git a/drivers/input/keyboard/highbank_keys.c b/drivers/input/keyboard/highbank_keys.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a84ecf371755
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/input/keyboard/highbank_keys.c
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2011 Calxeda, Inc.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms and conditions of the GNU General Public License,
+ * version 2, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
+ * more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+ * this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/interrupt.h>
+#include <linux/irq.h>
+#include <linux/sched.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/platform_device.h>
+#include <linux/input.h>
+
+#include <mach/pl320-ipc.h>
+
+struct hb_keys_drvdata {
+	struct input_dev *input;
+	struct notifier_block nb;
+};
+
+int hb_keys_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb, unsigned long event, void *data)
+{
+	struct hb_keys_drvdata *ddata = container_of(nb, struct hb_keys_drvdata, nb);
+	struct input_dev *input = ddata->input;
+	u32 *d = data;
+	u32 key = d[0];
+
+	if (event != 0x1000 /*HB_IPC_KEY*/)
+		return 0;
+
+	input_event(input, EV_KEY, key, 1);
+	input_event(input, EV_KEY, key, 0);
+	input_sync(input);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int hb_keys_open(struct input_dev *input)
+{
+	struct hb_keys_drvdata *ddata = input_get_drvdata(input);
+	return pl320_ipc_register_notifier(&ddata->nb);
+}
+
+static void hb_keys_close(struct input_dev *input)
+{
+	struct hb_keys_drvdata *ddata = input_get_drvdata(input);
+	pl320_ipc_unregister_notifier(&ddata->nb);
+}
+
+static int __devinit hb_keys_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
+{
+	struct hb_keys_drvdata *ddata;
+	struct device *dev = &pdev->dev;
+	struct input_dev *input;
+	int error;
+
+	ddata = kzalloc(sizeof(*ddata), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!ddata)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	input = input_allocate_device();
+	if (!input) {
+		dev_err(dev, "failed to allocate state\n");
+		error = -ENOMEM;
+		goto fail1;
+	}
+
+	platform_set_drvdata(pdev, ddata);
+	input_set_drvdata(input, ddata);
+
+	ddata->input = input;
+	ddata->nb.notifier_call = hb_keys_notifier;
+
+	input->name = pdev->name;
+	input->phys = "highbank/input0";
+	input->dev.parent = &pdev->dev;
+	input->open = hb_keys_open;
+	input->close = hb_keys_close;
+
+	input->id.bustype = BUS_HOST;
+	input->id.vendor = 0x0001;
+	input->id.product = 0x0001;
+	input->id.version = 0x0100;
+
+	input_set_capability(input, EV_KEY, KEY_POWER);
+	input_set_capability(input, EV_KEY, KEY_SLEEP);
+
+	error = input_register_device(input);
+	if (error) {
+		dev_err(dev, "Unable to register input device, error: %d\n",
+			error);
+		goto fail2;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+
+ fail2:
+	input_free_device(input);
+ fail1:
+	kfree(ddata);
+	return error;
+}
+
+static int __devexit hb_keys_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
+{
+	struct hb_keys_drvdata *ddata = platform_get_drvdata(pdev);
+	input_unregister_device(ddata->input);
+	kfree(ddata);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct of_device_id hb_keys_of_match[] = {
+	{ .compatible = "calxeda,hb-keys", },
+	{ },
+};
+MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(of, hb_keys_of_match);
+
+static struct platform_driver hb_keys_driver = {
+	.probe		= hb_keys_probe,
+	.remove		= __devexit_p(hb_keys_remove),
+	.driver		= {
+		.name	= "hb-keys",
+		.of_match_table = hb_keys_of_match,
+	}
+};
+
+module_platform_driver(hb_keys_driver);
+
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Calxeda, Inc.");
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Keys driver for Calxeda Highbank");
diff --git a/drivers/input/mouse/synaptics.c b/drivers/input/mouse/synaptics.c
index c703d53be3a0..c6d986963992 100644
--- a/drivers/input/mouse/synaptics.c
+++ b/drivers/input/mouse/synaptics.c
@@ -1223,7 +1223,9 @@ static void set_input_params(struct input_dev *dev, struct synaptics_data *priv)
 		/* Clickpads report only left button */
 		__clear_bit(BTN_RIGHT, dev->keybit);
 		__clear_bit(BTN_MIDDLE, dev->keybit);
-	}
+	} else if (SYN_CAP_CLICKPAD2BTN(priv->ext_cap_0c) ||
+		   SYN_CAP_CLICKPAD2BTN2(priv->ext_cap_0c))
+		__set_bit(INPUT_PROP_BUTTONPAD, dev->propbit);
 }
 
 static ssize_t synaptics_show_disable_gesture(struct psmouse *psmouse,
diff --git a/drivers/input/mouse/synaptics.h b/drivers/input/mouse/synaptics.h
index fd26ccca13d7..816d7bd07d85 100644
--- a/drivers/input/mouse/synaptics.h
+++ b/drivers/input/mouse/synaptics.h
@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@
  */
 #define SYN_CAP_CLICKPAD(ex0c)		((ex0c) & 0x100000) /* 1-button ClickPad */
 #define SYN_CAP_CLICKPAD2BTN(ex0c)	((ex0c) & 0x000100) /* 2-button ClickPad */
+#define SYN_CAP_CLICKPAD2BTN2(ex0c)	((ex0c) & 0x200000) /* 2-button ClickPad */
 #define SYN_CAP_MAX_DIMENSIONS(ex0c)	((ex0c) & 0x020000)
 #define SYN_CAP_MIN_DIMENSIONS(ex0c)	((ex0c) & 0x002000)
 #define SYN_CAP_ADV_GESTURE(ex0c)	((ex0c) & 0x080000)
diff --git a/drivers/md/dm.c b/drivers/md/dm.c
index e24143cc2040..ea1f089b128e 100644
--- a/drivers/md/dm.c
+++ b/drivers/md/dm.c
@@ -2653,6 +2653,7 @@ struct gendisk *dm_disk(struct mapped_device *md)
 {
 	return md->disk;
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_disk);
 
 struct kobject *dm_kobject(struct mapped_device *md)
 {
diff --git a/drivers/mmc/host/omap_hsmmc.c b/drivers/mmc/host/omap_hsmmc.c
index 9219ad0ed9a6..f67ab02f8e62 100644
--- a/drivers/mmc/host/omap_hsmmc.c
+++ b/drivers/mmc/host/omap_hsmmc.c
@@ -1858,7 +1858,7 @@ static int __devinit omap_hsmmc_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
 	host->slot_id	= 0;
 	host->mapbase	= res->start + pdata->reg_offset;
 	host->base	= ioremap(host->mapbase, SZ_4K);
-	host->power_mode = MMC_POWER_OFF;
+	host->power_mode = -1;
 	host->flags	= AUTO_CMD12;
 	host->next_data.cookie = 1;
 
diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/calxeda/xgmac.c b/drivers/net/ethernet/calxeda/xgmac.c
index 11f667f6131a..8fc5fd0fb76c 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ethernet/calxeda/xgmac.c
+++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/calxeda/xgmac.c
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@
 #define DMA_INTR_ENA_TIE	0x00000001	/* Transmit Interrupt */
 
 #define DMA_INTR_NORMAL		(DMA_INTR_ENA_NIE | DMA_INTR_ENA_RIE | \
-				 DMA_INTR_ENA_TUE)
+				 DMA_INTR_ENA_TUE | DMA_INTR_ENA_TIE)
 
 #define DMA_INTR_ABNORMAL	(DMA_INTR_ENA_AIE | DMA_INTR_ENA_FBE | \
 				 DMA_INTR_ENA_RWE | DMA_INTR_ENA_RSE | \
@@ -933,6 +933,7 @@ static void xgmac_tx_err(struct xgmac_priv *priv)
 	desc_init_tx_desc(priv->dma_tx, DMA_TX_RING_SZ);
 	priv->tx_tail = 0;
 	priv->tx_head = 0;
+	writel(priv->dma_tx_phy, priv->base + XGMAC_DMA_TX_BASE_ADDR);
 	writel(reg | DMA_CONTROL_ST, priv->base + XGMAC_DMA_CONTROL);
 
 	writel(DMA_STATUS_TU | DMA_STATUS_TPS | DMA_STATUS_NIS | DMA_STATUS_AIS,
@@ -972,7 +973,7 @@ static int xgmac_hw_init(struct net_device *dev)
 	writel(DMA_INTR_DEFAULT_MASK, ioaddr + XGMAC_DMA_INTR_ENA);
 
 	/* XGMAC requires AXI bus init. This is a 'magic number' for now */
-	writel(0x000100E, ioaddr + XGMAC_DMA_AXI_BUS);
+	writel(0x0077000E, ioaddr + XGMAC_DMA_AXI_BUS);
 
 	ctrl |= XGMAC_CONTROL_DDIC | XGMAC_CONTROL_JE | XGMAC_CONTROL_ACS |
 		XGMAC_CONTROL_CAR;
diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/stmicro/stmmac/mmc_core.c b/drivers/net/ethernet/stmicro/stmmac/mmc_core.c
index c07cfe989f6e..2de44aee73cb 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ethernet/stmicro/stmmac/mmc_core.c
+++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/stmicro/stmmac/mmc_core.c
@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@
 *******************************************************************************/
 
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
 #include <linux/io.h>
+#include <linux/printk.h>
 #include "mmc.h"
 
 /* MAC Management Counters register offset */
diff --git a/drivers/net/wireless/hostap/hostap_hw.c b/drivers/net/wireless/hostap/hostap_hw.c
index 50f87b60b0bd..16e2fee4d246 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wireless/hostap/hostap_hw.c
+++ b/drivers/net/wireless/hostap/hostap_hw.c
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ static char essid[33] = "test";
 module_param_string(essid, essid, sizeof(essid), 0444);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(essid, "Host AP's ESSID");
 
-static int iw_mode[MAX_PARM_DEVICES] = { IW_MODE_MASTER, DEF_INTS };
+static int iw_mode[MAX_PARM_DEVICES] = { IW_MODE_INFRA, DEF_INTS };
 module_param_array(iw_mode, int, NULL, 0444);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(iw_mode, "Initial operation mode");
 
diff --git a/drivers/parport/Kconfig b/drivers/parport/Kconfig
index d92185a5523b..9654a9e83200 100644
--- a/drivers/parport/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/parport/Kconfig
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ if PARPORT
 config PARPORT_PC
 	tristate "PC-style hardware"
 	depends on (!SPARC64 || PCI) && !SPARC32 && !M32R && !FRV && \
-		(!M68K || ISA) && !MN10300 && !AVR32 && !BLACKFIN
+		(!M68K || ISA) && !MN10300 && !AVR32 && !BLACKFIN && !ARCH_OMAP
 	---help---
 	  You should say Y here if you have a PC-style parallel port. All
 	  IBM PC compatible computers and some Alphas have PC-style
diff --git a/drivers/pci/pcie/aspm.c b/drivers/pci/pcie/aspm.c
index b500840a143b..474f22f304e4 100644
--- a/drivers/pci/pcie/aspm.c
+++ b/drivers/pci/pcie/aspm.c
@@ -798,6 +798,9 @@ void pcie_clear_aspm(struct pci_bus *bus)
 {
 	struct pci_dev *child;
 
+	if (aspm_force)
+		return;
+
 	/*
 	 * Clear any ASPM setup that the firmware has carried out on this bus
 	 */
diff --git a/drivers/platform/x86/dell-wmi.c b/drivers/platform/x86/dell-wmi.c
index fa9a2171cc13..3ab412c18d23 100644
--- a/drivers/platform/x86/dell-wmi.c
+++ b/drivers/platform/x86/dell-wmi.c
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ static void dell_wmi_notify(u32 value, void *context)
 		u16 *buffer_entry = (u16 *)obj->buffer.pointer;
 
 		if (dell_new_hk_type && (buffer_entry[1] != 0x10)) {
-			pr_info("Received unknown WMI event (0x%x)\n",
+			pr_debug("Received unknown WMI event (0x%x)\n",
 				buffer_entry[1]);
 			kfree(obj);
 			return;
diff --git a/drivers/platform/x86/sony-laptop.c b/drivers/platform/x86/sony-laptop.c
index 210d4ae547c2..9e9a55ec5e9c 100644
--- a/drivers/platform/x86/sony-laptop.c
+++ b/drivers/platform/x86/sony-laptop.c
@@ -2760,6 +2760,10 @@ struct sonypi_eventtypes {
 	struct sonypi_event	*events;
 };
 
+struct sony_pic_quirk_entry {
+	u8				set_wwan_power;
+};
+
 struct sony_pic_dev {
 	struct acpi_device		*acpi_dev;
 	struct sony_pic_irq		*cur_irq;
@@ -2770,6 +2774,7 @@ struct sony_pic_dev {
 	struct sonypi_eventtypes	*event_types;
 	int                             (*handle_irq)(const u8, const u8);
 	int				model;
+	struct sony_pic_quirk_entry	*quirks;
 	u16				evport_offset;
 	u8				camera_power;
 	u8				bluetooth_power;
@@ -4204,6 +4209,12 @@ static int sony_pic_add(struct acpi_device *device)
 	if (result)
 		goto err_remove_pf;
 
+	if (spic_dev.quirks && spic_dev.quirks->set_wwan_power) {
+		/*
+		 * Power isn't enabled by default.
+		 */
+		__sony_pic_set_wwanpower(1);
+	}
 	return 0;
 
 err_remove_pf:
@@ -4274,6 +4285,16 @@ static struct acpi_driver sony_pic_driver = {
 		},
 };
 
+static struct sony_pic_quirk_entry sony_pic_vaio_vgn = {
+	.set_wwan_power = 1,
+};
+
+static int dmi_matched(const struct dmi_system_id *dmi)
+{
+	spic_dev.quirks = dmi->driver_data;
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static struct dmi_system_id __initdata sonypi_dmi_table[] = {
 	{
 		.ident = "Sony Vaio",
@@ -4288,6 +4309,8 @@ static struct dmi_system_id __initdata sonypi_dmi_table[] = {
 			DMI_MATCH(DMI_SYS_VENDOR, "Sony Corporation"),
 			DMI_MATCH(DMI_PRODUCT_NAME, "VGN-"),
 		},
+		.callback = dmi_matched,
+		.driver_data = &sony_pic_vaio_vgn,
 	},
 	{ }
 };
diff --git a/drivers/pnp/isapnp/core.c b/drivers/pnp/isapnp/core.c
index 918d5f044865..972fde662338 100644
--- a/drivers/pnp/isapnp/core.c
+++ b/drivers/pnp/isapnp/core.c
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/isapnp.h>
 #include <linux/mutex.h>
+#include <linux/async.h>
 #include <asm/io.h>
 
 #include "../base.h"
@@ -1001,7 +1002,7 @@ struct pnp_protocol isapnp_protocol = {
 	.disable = isapnp_disable_resources,
 };
 
-static int __init isapnp_init(void)
+static int __init real_isapnp_init(void)
 {
 	int cards;
 	struct pnp_card *card;
@@ -1095,6 +1096,15 @@ static int __init isapnp_init(void)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static void __init async_isapnp_init(void *unused, async_cookie_t cookie)
+{
+	(void)real_isapnp_init();
+}
+
+static int __init isapnp_init(void)
+{
+       async_schedule(async_isapnp_init, NULL);
+}
 device_initcall(isapnp_init);
 
 /* format is: noisapnp */
diff --git a/drivers/staging/Makefile b/drivers/staging/Makefile
index a987b3ad380b..3b32dd97dae0 100644
--- a/drivers/staging/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/staging/Makefile
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_LINE6_USB)		+= line6/
 obj-$(CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_QUATECH2)	+= serqt_usb2/
 obj-$(CONFIG_OCTEON_ETHERNET)	+= octeon/
 obj-$(CONFIG_VT6655)		+= vt6655/
-obj-$(CONFIG_VT6656)		+= vt6656/
+#obj-$(CONFIG_VT6656)		+= vt6656/
 obj-$(CONFIG_VME_BUS)		+= vme/
 obj-$(CONFIG_IPACK_BUS)		+= ipack/
 obj-$(CONFIG_DX_SEP)            += sep/
diff --git a/drivers/tty/vt/vt.c b/drivers/tty/vt/vt.c
index 84cbf298c094..509037447161 100644
--- a/drivers/tty/vt/vt.c
+++ b/drivers/tty/vt/vt.c
@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@
 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
 #include <linux/kdb.h>
 #include <linux/ctype.h>
+#include <linux/screen_info.h>
 
 #define MAX_NR_CON_DRIVER 16
 
@@ -144,7 +145,7 @@ static const struct consw *con_driver_map[MAX_NR_CONSOLES];
 
 static int con_open(struct tty_struct *, struct file *);
 static void vc_init(struct vc_data *vc, unsigned int rows,
-		    unsigned int cols, int do_clear);
+		    unsigned int cols, int do_clear, int mode);
 static void gotoxy(struct vc_data *vc, int new_x, int new_y);
 static void save_cur(struct vc_data *vc);
 static void reset_terminal(struct vc_data *vc, int do_clear);
@@ -165,6 +166,9 @@ module_param(global_cursor_default, int, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR);
 static int cur_default = CUR_DEFAULT;
 module_param(cur_default, int, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR);
 
+int vt_handoff = 0;
+module_param_named(handoff, vt_handoff, int, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR);
+
 /*
  * ignore_poke: don't unblank the screen when things are typed.  This is
  * mainly for the privacy of braille terminal users.
@@ -694,6 +698,13 @@ void redraw_screen(struct vc_data *vc, int is_switch)
 		}
 		if (tty0dev)
 			sysfs_notify(&tty0dev->kobj, NULL, "active");
+		/*
+		 * If we are switching away from a transparent VT the contents
+		 * will be lost, convert it into a blank text console then
+		 * it will be repainted blank if we ever switch back.
+		 */
+		if (old_vc->vc_mode == KD_TRANSPARENT)
+			old_vc->vc_mode = KD_TEXT;
 	} else {
 		hide_cursor(vc);
 		redraw = 1;
@@ -807,7 +818,7 @@ int vc_allocate(unsigned int currcons)	/* return 0 on success */
 	    if (global_cursor_default == -1)
 		    global_cursor_default = 1;
 
-	    vc_init(vc, vc->vc_rows, vc->vc_cols, 1);
+	    vc_init(vc, vc->vc_rows, vc->vc_cols, 1, KD_TEXT);
 	    vcs_make_sysfs(currcons);
 	    atomic_notifier_call_chain(&vt_notifier_list, VT_ALLOCATE, &param);
 	}
@@ -2848,7 +2859,7 @@ module_param_named(italic, default_italic_color, int, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR);
 module_param_named(underline, default_underline_color, int, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR);
 
 static void vc_init(struct vc_data *vc, unsigned int rows,
-		    unsigned int cols, int do_clear)
+		    unsigned int cols, int do_clear, int mode)
 {
 	int j, k ;
 
@@ -2859,7 +2870,7 @@ static void vc_init(struct vc_data *vc, unsigned int rows,
 
 	set_origin(vc);
 	vc->vc_pos = vc->vc_origin;
-	reset_vc(vc);
+	reset_vc(vc, mode);
 	for (j=k=0; j<16; j++) {
 		vc->vc_palette[k++] = default_red[j] ;
 		vc->vc_palette[k++] = default_grn[j] ;
@@ -2885,6 +2896,13 @@ static int __init con_init(void)
 	struct vc_data *vc;
 	unsigned int currcons = 0, i;
 
+	if (screen_info.flags & VIDEO_FLAGS_HANDOFF) {
+		if (vt_handoff == 0)
+			vt_handoff = 8;
+		printk(KERN_INFO "vt handoff: grub requested handoff (vt#%d)\n",
+			vt_handoff);
+	}
+
 	console_lock();
 
 	if (conswitchp)
@@ -2916,16 +2934,31 @@ static int __init con_init(void)
 		mod_timer(&console_timer, jiffies + (blankinterval * HZ));
 	}
 
+	if (vt_handoff > 0 && vt_handoff <= MAX_NR_CONSOLES) {
+		currcons = vt_handoff - 1;
+		vc_cons[currcons].d = vc = kzalloc(sizeof(struct vc_data), GFP_NOWAIT);
+		INIT_WORK(&vc_cons[currcons].SAK_work, vc_SAK);
+		visual_init(vc, currcons, 1);
+		vc->vc_screenbuf = kzalloc(vc->vc_screenbuf_size, GFP_NOWAIT);
+		vc_init(vc, vc->vc_rows, vc->vc_cols, 0, KD_TRANSPARENT);
+	}
 	for (currcons = 0; currcons < MIN_NR_CONSOLES; currcons++) {
+		if (currcons == vt_handoff - 1)
+			continue;
 		vc_cons[currcons].d = vc = kzalloc(sizeof(struct vc_data), GFP_NOWAIT);
 		INIT_WORK(&vc_cons[currcons].SAK_work, vc_SAK);
 		tty_port_init(&vc->port);
 		visual_init(vc, currcons, 1);
 		vc->vc_screenbuf = kzalloc(vc->vc_screenbuf_size, GFP_NOWAIT);
 		vc_init(vc, vc->vc_rows, vc->vc_cols,
-			currcons || !vc->vc_sw->con_save_screen);
+			currcons || !vc->vc_sw->con_save_screen, KD_TEXT);
 	}
 	currcons = fg_console = 0;
+	if (vt_handoff > 0) {
+		printk(KERN_INFO "vt handoff: transparent VT on vt#%d\n",
+								vt_handoff);
+		currcons = fg_console = vt_handoff - 1;
+	}
 	master_display_fg = vc = vc_cons[currcons].d;
 	set_origin(vc);
 	save_screen(vc);
diff --git a/drivers/tty/vt/vt_ioctl.c b/drivers/tty/vt/vt_ioctl.c
index 64618547be11..ff5496af5faa 100644
--- a/drivers/tty/vt/vt_ioctl.c
+++ b/drivers/tty/vt/vt_ioctl.c
@@ -996,9 +996,9 @@ out:
 	return ret;
 }
 
-void reset_vc(struct vc_data *vc)
+void reset_vc(struct vc_data *vc, int mode)
 {
-	vc->vc_mode = KD_TEXT;
+	vc->vc_mode = mode;
 	vt_reset_unicode(vc->vc_num);
 	vc->vt_mode.mode = VT_AUTO;
 	vc->vt_mode.waitv = 0;
@@ -1030,7 +1030,7 @@ void vc_SAK(struct work_struct *work)
 		 */
 		if (tty)
 			__do_SAK(tty);
-		reset_vc(vc);
+		reset_vc(vc, KD_TEXT);
 	}
 	console_unlock();
 }
@@ -1287,7 +1287,7 @@ static void complete_change_console(struct vc_data *vc)
 		 * this outside of VT_PROCESS but there is no single process
 		 * to account for and tracking tty count may be undesirable.
 		 */
-			reset_vc(vc);
+			reset_vc(vc, KD_TEXT);
 
 			if (old_vc_mode != vc->vc_mode) {
 				if (vc->vc_mode == KD_TEXT)
@@ -1359,7 +1359,7 @@ void change_console(struct vc_data *new_vc)
 		 * this outside of VT_PROCESS but there is no single process
 		 * to account for and tracking tty count may be undesirable.
 		 */
-		reset_vc(vc);
+		reset_vc(vc, KD_TEXT);
 
 		/*
 		 * Fall through to normal (VT_AUTO) handling of the switch...
diff --git a/drivers/usb/core/hub.c b/drivers/usb/core/hub.c
index 04fb834c3fa1..78c26de8d425 100644
--- a/drivers/usb/core/hub.c
+++ b/drivers/usb/core/hub.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <linux/kthread.h>
 #include <linux/mutex.h>
 #include <linux/freezer.h>
+#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
 
 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
 #include <asm/byteorder.h>
@@ -2218,6 +2219,10 @@ fail:
  */
 int usb_deauthorize_device(struct usb_device *usb_dev)
 {
+	char *product = NULL;
+	char *manufacturer = NULL;
+	char *serial = NULL;
+
 	usb_lock_device(usb_dev);
 	if (usb_dev->authorized == 0)
 		goto out_unauthorized;
@@ -2225,11 +2230,12 @@ int usb_deauthorize_device(struct usb_device *usb_dev)
 	usb_dev->authorized = 0;
 	usb_set_configuration(usb_dev, -1);
 
-	kfree(usb_dev->product);
+	product = usb_dev->product;
+	manufacturer = usb_dev->manufacturer;
+	serial = usb_dev->serial;
+
 	usb_dev->product = kstrdup("n/a (unauthorized)", GFP_KERNEL);
-	kfree(usb_dev->manufacturer);
 	usb_dev->manufacturer = kstrdup("n/a (unauthorized)", GFP_KERNEL);
-	kfree(usb_dev->serial);
 	usb_dev->serial = kstrdup("n/a (unauthorized)", GFP_KERNEL);
 
 	usb_destroy_configuration(usb_dev);
@@ -2237,6 +2243,12 @@ int usb_deauthorize_device(struct usb_device *usb_dev)
 
 out_unauthorized:
 	usb_unlock_device(usb_dev);
+	if (product || manufacturer || serial) {
+		synchronize_rcu();
+		kfree(product);
+		kfree(manufacturer);
+		kfree(serial);
+	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -2244,6 +2256,9 @@ out_unauthorized:
 int usb_authorize_device(struct usb_device *usb_dev)
 {
 	int result = 0, c;
+	char *product = NULL;
+	char *manufacturer = NULL;
+	char *serial = NULL;
 
 	usb_lock_device(usb_dev);
 	if (usb_dev->authorized == 1)
@@ -2262,11 +2277,12 @@ int usb_authorize_device(struct usb_device *usb_dev)
 		goto error_device_descriptor;
 	}
 
-	kfree(usb_dev->product);
+	product = usb_dev->product;
+	manufacturer = usb_dev->manufacturer;
+	serial = usb_dev->serial;
+	
 	usb_dev->product = NULL;
-	kfree(usb_dev->manufacturer);
 	usb_dev->manufacturer = NULL;
-	kfree(usb_dev->serial);
 	usb_dev->serial = NULL;
 
 	usb_dev->authorized = 1;
@@ -2294,6 +2310,12 @@ error_device_descriptor:
 error_autoresume:
 out_authorized:
 	usb_unlock_device(usb_dev);	// complements locktree
+	if (product || manufacturer || serial) {
+		synchronize_rcu();
+		kfree(product);
+		kfree(manufacturer);
+		kfree(serial);
+	}
 	return result;
 }
 
diff --git a/drivers/usb/core/sysfs.c b/drivers/usb/core/sysfs.c
index 9a56e3adf476..45801b5678fc 100644
--- a/drivers/usb/core/sysfs.c
+++ b/drivers/usb/core/sysfs.c
@@ -85,9 +85,9 @@ static ssize_t  show_##name(struct device *dev,				\
 	int retval;							\
 									\
 	udev = to_usb_device(dev);					\
-	usb_lock_device(udev);						\
-	retval = sprintf(buf, "%s\n", udev->name);			\
-	usb_unlock_device(udev);					\
+	rcu_read_lock();						\
+	retval = sprintf(buf, "%s\n", rcu_dereference(udev->name));	\
+	rcu_read_unlock();						\
 	return retval;							\
 }									\
 static DEVICE_ATTR(name, S_IRUGO, show_##name, NULL);
diff --git a/drivers/usb/storage/unusual_devs.h b/drivers/usb/storage/unusual_devs.h
index 1719886bb9be..d1630aeae363 100644
--- a/drivers/usb/storage/unusual_devs.h
+++ b/drivers/usb/storage/unusual_devs.h
@@ -1163,6 +1163,13 @@ UNUSUAL_DEV(  0x0af0, 0x6971, 0x0000, 0x9999,
 		USB_SC_DEVICE, USB_PR_DEVICE, option_ms_init,
 		0),
 
+/* Reported by Timo Aaltonen <tjaalton@ubuntu.com> */
+UNUSUAL_DEV( 0x0af0, 0x7011, 0x0000, 0x9999,
+		"Option",
+		"Mass Storage",
+		USB_SC_DEVICE, USB_PR_DEVICE, option_ms_init,
+		0 ),
+
 /* Reported by F. Aben <f.aben@option.com>
  * This device (wrongly) has a vendor-specific device descriptor.
  * The entry is needed so usb-storage can bind to it's mass-storage
diff --git a/drivers/video/Kconfig b/drivers/video/Kconfig
index b6ea1b569100..b786a00023ab 100644
--- a/drivers/video/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/video/Kconfig
@@ -755,8 +755,8 @@ config FB_UVESA
 	  If unsure, say N.
 
 config FB_VESA
-	bool "VESA VGA graphics support"
-	depends on (FB = y) && X86
+	tristate "VESA VGA graphics support"
+	depends on FB && X86
 	select FB_CFB_FILLRECT
 	select FB_CFB_COPYAREA
 	select FB_CFB_IMAGEBLIT
diff --git a/drivers/video/vesafb.c b/drivers/video/vesafb.c
index 501b3406c6d5..eb78a5986c26 100644
--- a/drivers/video/vesafb.c
+++ b/drivers/video/vesafb.c
@@ -27,6 +27,12 @@
 #define dac_reg	(0x3c8)
 #define dac_val	(0x3c9)
 
+struct vesafb_info
+{
+	u32 pseudo_palette[256];
+	int mtrr_hdl;
+};
+
 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 static struct fb_var_screeninfo vesafb_defined __initdata = {
@@ -40,22 +46,43 @@ static struct fb_var_screeninfo vesafb_defined __initdata = {
 	.vmode		= FB_VMODE_NONINTERLACED,
 };
 
-static struct fb_fix_screeninfo vesafb_fix __initdata = {
+static struct fb_fix_screeninfo vesafb_fix = {
 	.id	= "VESA VGA",
 	.type	= FB_TYPE_PACKED_PIXELS,
 	.accel	= FB_ACCEL_NONE,
 };
 
+#ifndef MODULE
 static int   inverse    __read_mostly;
-static int   mtrr       __read_mostly;		/* disable mtrr */
+#endif
+static int   mtrr       __read_mostly = 3;	/* disable mtrr */
 static int   vram_remap __initdata;		/* Set amount of memory to be used */
 static int   vram_total __initdata;		/* Set total amount of memory */
 static int   pmi_setpal __read_mostly = 1;	/* pmi for palette changes ??? */
+static int	redraw		__read_mostly;
 static int   ypan       __read_mostly;		/* 0..nothing, 1..ypan, 2..ywrap */
+static int	ywrap		__read_mostly;
 static void  (*pmi_start)(void) __read_mostly;
 static void  (*pmi_pal)  (void) __read_mostly;
 static int   depth      __read_mostly;
 static int   vga_compat __read_mostly;
+
+module_param(redraw, bool, 0);
+module_param(ypan, bool, 0);
+module_param(ywrap, bool, 0);
+module_param_named(vgapal, pmi_setpal, invbool, 0);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(vgapal, "Use VGA for setting palette (default)");
+module_param_named(pmipal, pmi_setpal, bool, 0);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(pmipal, "Use PMI for setting palette");
+module_param(mtrr, uint, 0);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(mtrr, "Enable MTRR support (default)");
+module_param_named(nomtrr, mtrr, invbool, 0);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(nomtrr, "Disable MTRR support");
+module_param(vram_remap, int, 0);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(vram_remap, "Set total amount of memory to be used");
+module_param(vram_total, int, 0);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(vram_total, "Total amount of memory");
+
 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 static int vesafb_pan_display(struct fb_var_screeninfo *var,
@@ -192,6 +219,7 @@ static struct fb_ops vesafb_ops = {
 	.fb_imageblit	= cfb_imageblit,
 };
 
+#ifndef MODULE
 static int __init vesafb_setup(char *options)
 {
 	char *this_opt;
@@ -225,10 +253,12 @@ static int __init vesafb_setup(char *options)
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
+#endif
 
 static int __init vesafb_probe(struct platform_device *dev)
 {
 	struct fb_info *info;
+	struct vesafb_info *vfb_info;
 	int i, err;
 	unsigned int size_vmode;
 	unsigned int size_remap;
@@ -287,13 +317,14 @@ static int __init vesafb_probe(struct platform_device *dev)
 		   spaces our resource handlers simply don't know about */
 	}
 
-	info = framebuffer_alloc(sizeof(u32) * 256, &dev->dev);
+	info = framebuffer_alloc(sizeof(struct vesafb_info), &dev->dev);
 	if (!info) {
 		release_mem_region(vesafb_fix.smem_start, size_total);
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	}
-	info->pseudo_palette = info->par;
-	info->par = NULL;
+	vfb_info = (struct vesafb_info *) info->par;
+	vfb_info->mtrr_hdl = -1;
+	info->pseudo_palette = vfb_info->pseudo_palette;
 
 	/* set vesafb aperture size for generic probing */
 	info->apertures = alloc_apertures(1);
@@ -423,17 +454,15 @@ static int __init vesafb_probe(struct platform_device *dev)
 		}
 
 		if (type) {
-			int rc;
-
 			/* Find the largest power-of-two */
 			temp_size = roundup_pow_of_two(temp_size);
 
 			/* Try and find a power of two to add */
 			do {
-				rc = mtrr_add(vesafb_fix.smem_start, temp_size,
+				vfb_info->mtrr_hdl = mtrr_add(vesafb_fix.smem_start, temp_size,
 					      type, 1);
 				temp_size >>= 1;
-			} while (temp_size >= PAGE_SIZE && rc == -EINVAL);
+			} while (temp_size >= PAGE_SIZE && vfb_info->mtrr_hdl == -EINVAL);
 		}
 	}
 #endif
@@ -495,7 +524,27 @@ err:
 	return err;
 }
 
+static int __exit vesafb_remove(struct platform_device *device)
+{
+	struct fb_info *info = dev_get_drvdata(&device->dev);
+
+	unregister_framebuffer(info);
+#ifdef CONFIG_MTRR
+	{
+		struct vesafb_info *vfb_info = (struct vesafb_info *) info->par;
+		if (vfb_info->mtrr_hdl >= 0)
+			mtrr_del(vfb_info->mtrr_hdl, 0, 0);
+	}
+#endif
+	iounmap(info->screen_base);
+	framebuffer_release(info);
+	release_mem_region(vesafb_fix.smem_start, vesafb_fix.smem_len);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static struct platform_driver vesafb_driver = {
+	.remove = vesafb_remove,
 	.driver	= {
 		.name	= "vesafb",
 	},
@@ -506,11 +555,18 @@ static struct platform_device *vesafb_device;
 static int __init vesafb_init(void)
 {
 	int ret;
+#ifndef MODULE
 	char *option = NULL;
 
 	/* ignore error return of fb_get_options */
 	fb_get_options("vesafb", &option);
 	vesafb_setup(option);
+#else
+	if (redraw)
+		ypan = 0;
+	if (ywrap)
+		ypan = 2;
+#endif
 
 	vesafb_device = platform_device_alloc("vesafb", 0);
 	if (!vesafb_device)
@@ -530,6 +586,14 @@ static int __init vesafb_init(void)
 
 	return ret;
 }
+
+static void __exit vesafb_exit(void)
+{
+	platform_device_unregister(vesafb_device);
+	platform_driver_unregister(&vesafb_driver);
+}
+
 module_init(vesafb_init);
+module_exit(vesafb_exit);
 
 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
diff --git a/fs/Kconfig b/fs/Kconfig
index 1dd49481854d..390a2852c35c 100644
--- a/fs/Kconfig
+++ b/fs/Kconfig
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ source "fs/quota/Kconfig"
 
 source "fs/autofs4/Kconfig"
 source "fs/fuse/Kconfig"
+source "fs/overlayfs/Kconfig"
 
 config CUSE
 	tristate "Character device in Userspace support"
diff --git a/fs/Makefile b/fs/Makefile
index 95cf9de6ae02..73cc7c116b3c 100644
--- a/fs/Makefile
+++ b/fs/Makefile
@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_QNX6FS_FS)		+= qnx6/
 obj-$(CONFIG_AUTOFS4_FS)	+= autofs4/
 obj-$(CONFIG_ADFS_FS)		+= adfs/
 obj-$(CONFIG_FUSE_FS)		+= fuse/
+obj-$(CONFIG_OVERLAYFS_FS)	+= overlayfs/
 obj-$(CONFIG_UDF_FS)		+= udf/
 obj-$(CONFIG_SUN_OPENPROMFS)	+= openpromfs/
 obj-$(CONFIG_OMFS_FS)		+= omfs/
diff --git a/fs/ecryptfs/main.c b/fs/ecryptfs/main.c
index 68954937a071..c54ea903a169 100644
--- a/fs/ecryptfs/main.c
+++ b/fs/ecryptfs/main.c
@@ -544,6 +544,13 @@ static struct dentry *ecryptfs_mount(struct file_system_type *fs_type, int flags
 	s->s_maxbytes = path.dentry->d_sb->s_maxbytes;
 	s->s_blocksize = path.dentry->d_sb->s_blocksize;
 	s->s_magic = ECRYPTFS_SUPER_MAGIC;
+	s->s_stack_depth = path.dentry->d_sb->s_stack_depth + 1;
+
+	rc = -EINVAL;
+	if (s->s_stack_depth > FILESYSTEM_MAX_STACK_DEPTH) {
+		printk(KERN_ERR "eCryptfs: maximum fs stacking depth exceeded\n");
+		goto out_free;
+	}
 
 	inode = ecryptfs_get_inode(path.dentry->d_inode, s);
 	rc = PTR_ERR(inode);
diff --git a/fs/exec.c b/fs/exec.c
index a79786a8d2c8..88af8a242f91 100644
--- a/fs/exec.c
+++ b/fs/exec.c
@@ -56,6 +56,8 @@
 #include <linux/oom.h>
 #include <linux/compat.h>
 
+#include <trace/events/fs.h>
+
 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
 #include <asm/mmu_context.h>
 #include <asm/tlb.h>
@@ -781,6 +783,8 @@ struct file *open_exec(const char *name)
 
 	fsnotify_open(file);
 
+	trace_open_exec(name);
+
 	err = deny_write_access(file);
 	if (err)
 		goto exit;
diff --git a/fs/file_table.c b/fs/file_table.c
index a305d9e2d1b2..cc998cad4e83 100644
--- a/fs/file_table.c
+++ b/fs/file_table.c
@@ -441,6 +441,8 @@ void file_sb_list_del(struct file *file)
 	}
 }
 
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(file_sb_list_del);
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
 
 /*
diff --git a/fs/fs-writeback.c b/fs/fs-writeback.c
index 233d19b0bab4..bdb7e1c45b24 100644
--- a/fs/fs-writeback.c
+++ b/fs/fs-writeback.c
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include <linux/blkdev.h>
 #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
 #include <linux/tracepoint.h>
+#include <trace/events/vfs.h>
 #include "internal.h"
 
 /*
@@ -1171,6 +1172,8 @@ void __mark_inode_dirty(struct inode *inode, int flags)
 	if ((inode->i_state & flags) == flags)
 		return;
 
+	trace_dirty_inode(inode, current);
+
 	if (unlikely(block_dump > 1))
 		block_dump___mark_inode_dirty(inode);
 
diff --git a/fs/inode.c b/fs/inode.c
index c99163b1b310..0e99c4d8abfb 100644
--- a/fs/inode.c
+++ b/fs/inode.c
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ static struct hlist_head *inode_hashtable __read_mostly;
 static __cacheline_aligned_in_smp DEFINE_SPINLOCK(inode_hash_lock);
 
 __cacheline_aligned_in_smp DEFINE_SPINLOCK(inode_sb_list_lock);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(inode_sb_list_lock);
 
 /*
  * Empty aops. Can be used for the cases where the user does not
@@ -1883,3 +1884,7 @@ void inode_dio_done(struct inode *inode)
 		wake_up_bit(&inode->i_state, __I_DIO_WAKEUP);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(inode_dio_done);
+
+#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
+#include <trace/events/vfs.h>
+
diff --git a/fs/namei.c b/fs/namei.c
index 7d694194024a..caf090c48629 100644
--- a/fs/namei.c
+++ b/fs/namei.c
@@ -315,6 +315,36 @@ static inline int do_inode_permission(struct inode *inode, int mask)
 }
 
 /**
+ * inode_only_permission  -  check access rights to a given inode only
+ * @inode:	inode to check permissions on
+ * @mask:	right to check for (%MAY_READ, %MAY_WRITE, %MAY_EXEC, ...)
+ *
+ * Uses to check read/write/execute permissions on an inode directly, we do
+ * not check filesystem permissions.
+ */
+int inode_only_permission(struct inode *inode, int mask)
+{
+	int retval;
+
+	/*
+	 * Nobody gets write access to an immutable file.
+	 */
+	if (unlikely(mask & MAY_WRITE) && IS_IMMUTABLE(inode))
+		return -EACCES;
+
+	retval = do_inode_permission(inode, mask);
+	if (retval)
+		return retval;
+
+	retval = devcgroup_inode_permission(inode, mask);
+	if (retval)
+		return retval;
+
+	return security_inode_permission(inode, mask);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(inode_only_permission);
+
+/**
  * inode_permission  -  check for access rights to a given inode
  * @inode:	inode to check permission on
  * @mask:	right to check for (%MAY_READ, %MAY_WRITE, %MAY_EXEC, ...)
@@ -328,8 +358,6 @@ static inline int do_inode_permission(struct inode *inode, int mask)
  */
 int inode_permission(struct inode *inode, int mask)
 {
-	int retval;
-
 	if (unlikely(mask & MAY_WRITE)) {
 		umode_t mode = inode->i_mode;
 
@@ -339,23 +367,9 @@ int inode_permission(struct inode *inode, int mask)
 		if (IS_RDONLY(inode) &&
 		    (S_ISREG(mode) || S_ISDIR(mode) || S_ISLNK(mode)))
 			return -EROFS;
-
-		/*
-		 * Nobody gets write access to an immutable file.
-		 */
-		if (IS_IMMUTABLE(inode))
-			return -EACCES;
 	}
 
-	retval = do_inode_permission(inode, mask);
-	if (retval)
-		return retval;
-
-	retval = devcgroup_inode_permission(inode, mask);
-	if (retval)
-		return retval;
-
-	return security_inode_permission(inode, mask);
+	return inode_only_permission(inode, mask);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1864,10 +1878,11 @@ int vfs_path_lookup(struct dentry *dentry, struct vfsmount *mnt,
  * needs parent already locked. Doesn't follow mounts.
  * SMP-safe.
  */
-static struct dentry *lookup_hash(struct nameidata *nd)
+struct dentry *lookup_hash(struct nameidata *nd)
 {
 	return __lookup_hash(&nd->last, nd->path.dentry, nd);
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lookup_hash);
 
 /**
  * lookup_one_len - filesystem helper to lookup single pathname component
diff --git a/fs/namespace.c b/fs/namespace.c
index 1e4a5fe3d7b7..6731fc258b3f 100644
--- a/fs/namespace.c
+++ b/fs/namespace.c
@@ -1327,6 +1327,24 @@ void drop_collected_mounts(struct vfsmount *mnt)
 	release_mounts(&umount_list);
 }
 
+struct vfsmount *clone_private_mount(struct path *path)
+{
+	struct mount *old_mnt = real_mount(path->mnt);
+	struct mount *new_mnt;
+
+	if (IS_MNT_UNBINDABLE(old_mnt))
+		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
+
+	down_read(&namespace_sem);
+	new_mnt = clone_mnt(old_mnt, path->dentry, CL_PRIVATE);
+	up_read(&namespace_sem);
+	if (!new_mnt)
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+
+	return &new_mnt->mnt;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(clone_private_mount);
+
 int iterate_mounts(int (*f)(struct vfsmount *, void *), void *arg,
 		   struct vfsmount *root)
 {
@@ -1341,6 +1359,7 @@ int iterate_mounts(int (*f)(struct vfsmount *, void *), void *arg,
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(iterate_mounts);
 
 static void cleanup_group_ids(struct mount *mnt, struct mount *end)
 {
diff --git a/fs/notify/group.c b/fs/notify/group.c
index 63fc294a4692..6f4adcab9a5b 100644
--- a/fs/notify/group.c
+++ b/fs/notify/group.c
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include <linux/srcu.h>
 #include <linux/rculist.h>
 #include <linux/wait.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
 
 #include <linux/fsnotify_backend.h>
 #include "fsnotify.h"
@@ -70,6 +71,7 @@ void fsnotify_put_group(struct fsnotify_group *group)
 	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&group->refcnt))
 		fsnotify_destroy_group(group);
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(fsnotify_put_group);
 
 /*
  * Create a new fsnotify_group and hold a reference for the group returned.
@@ -102,3 +104,4 @@ struct fsnotify_group *fsnotify_alloc_group(const struct fsnotify_ops *ops)
 
 	return group;
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(fsnotify_alloc_group);
diff --git a/fs/notify/mark.c b/fs/notify/mark.c
index f104d565b682..54f36db45def 100644
--- a/fs/notify/mark.c
+++ b/fs/notify/mark.c
@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@ void fsnotify_put_mark(struct fsnotify_mark *mark)
 	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&mark->refcnt))
 		mark->free_mark(mark);
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(fsnotify_put_mark);
 
 /*
  * Any time a mark is getting freed we end up here.
@@ -191,6 +192,7 @@ void fsnotify_destroy_mark(struct fsnotify_mark *mark)
 	if (unlikely(atomic_dec_and_test(&group->num_marks)))
 		fsnotify_final_destroy_group(group);
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(fsnotify_destroy_mark);
 
 void fsnotify_set_mark_mask_locked(struct fsnotify_mark *mark, __u32 mask)
 {
@@ -278,6 +280,7 @@ err:
 
 	return ret;
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(fsnotify_add_mark);
 
 /*
  * clear any marks in a group in which mark->flags & flags is true
@@ -333,6 +336,7 @@ void fsnotify_init_mark(struct fsnotify_mark *mark,
 	atomic_set(&mark->refcnt, 1);
 	mark->free_mark = free_mark;
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(fsnotify_init_mark);
 
 static int fsnotify_mark_destroy(void *ignored)
 {
diff --git a/fs/open.c b/fs/open.c
index d6c79a0dffc7..21078e846219 100644
--- a/fs/open.c
+++ b/fs/open.c
@@ -33,6 +33,9 @@
 
 #include "internal.h"
 
+#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
+#include <trace/events/fs.h>
+
 int do_truncate(struct dentry *dentry, loff_t length, unsigned int time_attrs,
 	struct file *filp)
 {
@@ -60,6 +63,7 @@ int do_truncate(struct dentry *dentry, loff_t length, unsigned int time_attrs,
 	mutex_unlock(&dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
 	return ret;
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(do_truncate);
 
 static long do_sys_truncate(const char __user *pathname, loff_t length)
 {
@@ -667,24 +671,24 @@ int open_check_o_direct(struct file *f)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static struct file *do_dentry_open(struct dentry *dentry, struct vfsmount *mnt,
-				   struct file *f,
-				   int (*open)(struct inode *, struct file *),
-				   const struct cred *cred)
+static struct file *do_dentry_open(struct path *path, struct file *f,
+				  int (*open)(struct inode *, struct file *),
+				  const struct cred *cred)
 {
 	static const struct file_operations empty_fops = {};
 	struct inode *inode;
 	int error;
 
+	path_get(path);
 	f->f_mode = OPEN_FMODE(f->f_flags) | FMODE_LSEEK |
 				FMODE_PREAD | FMODE_PWRITE;
 
 	if (unlikely(f->f_flags & O_PATH))
 		f->f_mode = FMODE_PATH;
 
-	inode = dentry->d_inode;
+	inode = path->dentry->d_inode;
 	if (f->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE) {
-		error = __get_file_write_access(inode, mnt);
+		error = __get_file_write_access(inode, path->mnt);
 		if (error)
 			goto cleanup_file;
 		if (!special_file(inode->i_mode))
@@ -692,8 +696,7 @@ static struct file *do_dentry_open(struct dentry *dentry, struct vfsmount *mnt,
 	}
 
 	f->f_mapping = inode->i_mapping;
-	f->f_path.dentry = dentry;
-	f->f_path.mnt = mnt;
+	f->f_path = *path;
 	f->f_pos = 0;
 	file_sb_list_add(f, inode->i_sb);
 
@@ -740,24 +743,22 @@ cleanup_all:
 			 * here, so just reset the state.
 			 */
 			file_reset_write(f);
-			mnt_drop_write(mnt);
+			mnt_drop_write(path->mnt);
 		}
 	}
 	file_sb_list_del(f);
 	f->f_path.dentry = NULL;
 	f->f_path.mnt = NULL;
 cleanup_file:
-	dput(dentry);
-	mntput(mnt);
+	path_put(path);
 	return ERR_PTR(error);
 }
 
-static struct file *__dentry_open(struct dentry *dentry, struct vfsmount *mnt,
-				struct file *f,
+static struct file *__dentry_open(struct path *path, struct file *f,
 				int (*open)(struct inode *, struct file *),
 				const struct cred *cred)
 {
-	struct file *res = do_dentry_open(dentry, mnt, f, open, cred);
+	struct file *res = do_dentry_open(path, f, open, cred);
 	if (!IS_ERR(res)) {
 		int error = open_check_o_direct(f);
 		if (error) {
@@ -792,14 +793,14 @@ static struct file *__dentry_open(struct dentry *dentry, struct vfsmount *mnt,
 struct file *lookup_instantiate_filp(struct nameidata *nd, struct dentry *dentry,
 		int (*open)(struct inode *, struct file *))
 {
+	struct path path = { .dentry = dentry, .mnt = nd->path.mnt };
 	const struct cred *cred = current_cred();
 
 	if (IS_ERR(nd->intent.open.file))
 		goto out;
 	if (IS_ERR(dentry))
 		goto out_err;
-	nd->intent.open.file = __dentry_open(dget(dentry), mntget(nd->path.mnt),
-					     nd->intent.open.file,
+	nd->intent.open.file = __dentry_open(&path, nd->intent.open.file,
 					     open, cred);
 out:
 	return nd->intent.open.file;
@@ -831,9 +832,7 @@ struct file *nameidata_to_filp(struct nameidata *nd)
 	} else {
 		struct file *res;
 
-		path_get(&nd->path);
-		res = do_dentry_open(nd->path.dentry, nd->path.mnt,
-				     filp, NULL, cred);
+		res = vfs_open(&nd->path, filp, cred);
 		if (!IS_ERR(res)) {
 			int error;
 
@@ -860,27 +859,48 @@ struct file *nameidata_to_filp(struct nameidata *nd)
 struct file *dentry_open(struct dentry *dentry, struct vfsmount *mnt, int flags,
 			 const struct cred *cred)
 {
-	int error;
 	struct file *f;
+	struct file *ret;
+	struct path path = { .dentry = dentry, .mnt = mnt };
 
 	validate_creds(cred);
 
 	/* We must always pass in a valid mount pointer. */
 	BUG_ON(!mnt);
 
-	error = -ENFILE;
+	ret = ERR_PTR(-ENFILE);
 	f = get_empty_filp();
-	if (f == NULL) {
-		dput(dentry);
-		mntput(mnt);
-		return ERR_PTR(error);
+	if (f != NULL) {
+		f->f_flags = flags;
+		ret = vfs_open(&path, f, cred);
 	}
+	path_put(&path);
 
-	f->f_flags = flags;
-	return __dentry_open(dentry, mnt, f, NULL, cred);
+	return ret;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(dentry_open);
 
+/**
+ * vfs_open - open the file at the given path
+ * @path: path to open
+ * @filp: newly allocated file with f_flag initialized
+ * @cred: credentials to use
+ *
+ * Open the file.  If successful, the returned file will have acquired
+ * an additional reference for path.
+ */
+struct file *vfs_open(struct path *path, struct file *filp,
+		      const struct cred *cred)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = path->dentry->d_inode;
+
+	if (inode->i_op->open)
+		return inode->i_op->open(path->dentry, filp, cred);
+	else
+		return __dentry_open(path, filp, NULL, cred);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(vfs_open);
+
 static void __put_unused_fd(struct files_struct *files, unsigned int fd)
 {
 	struct fdtable *fdt = files_fdtable(files);
@@ -1035,6 +1055,7 @@ long do_sys_open(int dfd, const char __user *filename, int flags, umode_t mode)
 			} else {
 				fsnotify_open(f);
 				fd_install(fd, f);
+				trace_do_sys_open(tmp, flags, mode);
 			}
 		}
 		putname(tmp);
diff --git a/fs/overlayfs/Kconfig b/fs/overlayfs/Kconfig
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c4517da01fa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/overlayfs/Kconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+config OVERLAYFS_FS
+	tristate "Overlay filesystem support"
+	help
+	  Add support for overlay filesystem.
diff --git a/fs/overlayfs/Makefile b/fs/overlayfs/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8f91889480d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/overlayfs/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#
+# Makefile for the overlay filesystem.
+#
+
+obj-$(CONFIG_OVERLAYFS_FS) += overlayfs.o
+
+overlayfs-objs := super.o inode.o dir.o readdir.o copy_up.o
diff --git a/fs/overlayfs/copy_up.c b/fs/overlayfs/copy_up.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..87dbeee0a14e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/overlayfs/copy_up.c
@@ -0,0 +1,385 @@
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 Novell Inc.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/file.h>
+#include <linux/splice.h>
+#include <linux/xattr.h>
+#include <linux/security.h>
+#include <linux/uaccess.h>
+#include <linux/sched.h>
+#include "overlayfs.h"
+
+#define OVL_COPY_UP_CHUNK_SIZE (1 << 20)
+
+static int ovl_copy_up_xattr(struct dentry *old, struct dentry *new)
+{
+	ssize_t list_size, size;
+	char *buf, *name, *value;
+	int error;
+
+	if (!old->d_inode->i_op->getxattr ||
+	    !new->d_inode->i_op->getxattr)
+		return 0;
+
+	list_size = vfs_listxattr(old, NULL, 0);
+	if (list_size <= 0) {
+		if (list_size == -EOPNOTSUPP)
+			return 0;
+		return list_size;
+	}
+
+	buf = kzalloc(list_size, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!buf)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	error = -ENOMEM;
+	value = kmalloc(XATTR_SIZE_MAX, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!value)
+		goto out;
+
+	list_size = vfs_listxattr(old, buf, list_size);
+	if (list_size <= 0) {
+		error = list_size;
+		goto out_free_value;
+	}
+
+	for (name = buf; name < (buf + list_size); name += strlen(name) + 1) {
+		size = vfs_getxattr(old, name, value, XATTR_SIZE_MAX);
+		if (size <= 0) {
+			error = size;
+			goto out_free_value;
+		}
+		error = vfs_setxattr(new, name, value, size, 0);
+		if (error)
+			goto out_free_value;
+	}
+
+out_free_value:
+	kfree(value);
+out:
+	kfree(buf);
+	return error;
+}
+
+static int ovl_copy_up_data(struct path *old, struct path *new, loff_t len)
+{
+	struct file *old_file;
+	struct file *new_file;
+	int error = 0;
+
+	if (len == 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	old_file = ovl_path_open(old, O_RDONLY);
+	if (IS_ERR(old_file))
+		return PTR_ERR(old_file);
+
+	new_file = ovl_path_open(new, O_WRONLY);
+	if (IS_ERR(new_file)) {
+		error = PTR_ERR(new_file);
+		goto out_fput;
+	}
+
+	/* FIXME: copy up sparse files efficiently */
+	while (len) {
+		loff_t offset = new_file->f_pos;
+		size_t this_len = OVL_COPY_UP_CHUNK_SIZE;
+		long bytes;
+
+		if (len < this_len)
+			this_len = len;
+
+		if (signal_pending_state(TASK_KILLABLE, current)) {
+			error = -EINTR;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		bytes = do_splice_direct(old_file, &offset, new_file, this_len,
+				 SPLICE_F_MOVE);
+		if (bytes <= 0) {
+			error = bytes;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		len -= bytes;
+	}
+
+	fput(new_file);
+out_fput:
+	fput(old_file);
+	return error;
+}
+
+static char *ovl_read_symlink(struct dentry *realdentry)
+{
+	int res;
+	char *buf;
+	struct inode *inode = realdentry->d_inode;
+	mm_segment_t old_fs;
+
+	res = -EINVAL;
+	if (!inode->i_op->readlink)
+		goto err;
+
+	res = -ENOMEM;
+	buf = (char *) __get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!buf)
+		goto err;
+
+	old_fs = get_fs();
+	set_fs(get_ds());
+	/* The cast to a user pointer is valid due to the set_fs() */
+	res = inode->i_op->readlink(realdentry,
+				    (char __user *)buf, PAGE_SIZE - 1);
+	set_fs(old_fs);
+	if (res < 0) {
+		free_page((unsigned long) buf);
+		goto err;
+	}
+	buf[res] = '\0';
+
+	return buf;
+
+err:
+	return ERR_PTR(res);
+}
+
+static int ovl_set_timestamps(struct dentry *upperdentry, struct kstat *stat)
+{
+	struct iattr attr = {
+		.ia_valid =
+		     ATTR_ATIME | ATTR_MTIME | ATTR_ATIME_SET | ATTR_MTIME_SET,
+		.ia_atime = stat->atime,
+		.ia_mtime = stat->mtime,
+	};
+
+	return notify_change(upperdentry, &attr);
+}
+
+static int ovl_set_mode(struct dentry *upperdentry, umode_t mode)
+{
+	struct iattr attr = {
+		.ia_valid = ATTR_MODE,
+		.ia_mode = mode,
+	};
+
+	return notify_change(upperdentry, &attr);
+}
+
+static int ovl_copy_up_locked(struct dentry *upperdir, struct dentry *dentry,
+			      struct path *lowerpath, struct kstat *stat,
+			      const char *link)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct path newpath;
+	umode_t mode = stat->mode;
+
+	/* Can't properly set mode on creation because of the umask */
+	stat->mode &= S_IFMT;
+
+	ovl_path_upper(dentry, &newpath);
+	WARN_ON(newpath.dentry);
+	newpath.dentry = ovl_upper_create(upperdir, dentry, stat, link);
+	if (IS_ERR(newpath.dentry))
+		return PTR_ERR(newpath.dentry);
+
+	if (S_ISREG(stat->mode)) {
+		err = ovl_copy_up_data(lowerpath, &newpath, stat->size);
+		if (err)
+			goto err_remove;
+	}
+
+	err = ovl_copy_up_xattr(lowerpath->dentry, newpath.dentry);
+	if (err)
+		goto err_remove;
+
+	mutex_lock(&newpath.dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
+	if (!S_ISLNK(stat->mode))
+		err = ovl_set_mode(newpath.dentry, mode);
+	if (!err)
+		err = ovl_set_timestamps(newpath.dentry, stat);
+	mutex_unlock(&newpath.dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
+	if (err)
+		goto err_remove;
+
+	ovl_dentry_update(dentry, newpath.dentry);
+
+	/*
+	 * Easiest way to get rid of the lower dentry reference is to
+	 * drop this dentry.  This is neither needed nor possible for
+	 * directories.
+	 */
+	if (!S_ISDIR(stat->mode))
+		d_drop(dentry);
+
+	return 0;
+
+err_remove:
+	if (S_ISDIR(stat->mode))
+		vfs_rmdir(upperdir->d_inode, newpath.dentry);
+	else
+		vfs_unlink(upperdir->d_inode, newpath.dentry);
+
+	dput(newpath.dentry);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Copy up a single dentry
+ *
+ * Directory renames only allowed on "pure upper" (already created on
+ * upper filesystem, never copied up).  Directories which are on lower or
+ * are merged may not be renamed.  For these -EXDEV is returned and
+ * userspace has to deal with it.  This means, when copying up a
+ * directory we can rely on it and ancestors being stable.
+ *
+ * Non-directory renames start with copy up of source if necessary.  The
+ * actual rename will only proceed once the copy up was successful.  Copy
+ * up uses upper parent i_mutex for exclusion.  Since rename can change
+ * d_parent it is possible that the copy up will lock the old parent.  At
+ * that point the file will have already been copied up anyway.
+ */
+static int ovl_copy_up_one(struct dentry *parent, struct dentry *dentry,
+			   struct path *lowerpath, struct kstat *stat)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct kstat pstat;
+	struct path parentpath;
+	struct dentry *upperdir;
+	const struct cred *old_cred;
+	struct cred *override_cred;
+	char *link = NULL;
+
+	ovl_path_upper(parent, &parentpath);
+	upperdir = parentpath.dentry;
+
+	err = vfs_getattr(parentpath.mnt, parentpath.dentry, &pstat);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	if (S_ISLNK(stat->mode)) {
+		link = ovl_read_symlink(lowerpath->dentry);
+		if (IS_ERR(link))
+			return PTR_ERR(link);
+	}
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	override_cred = prepare_creds();
+	if (!override_cred)
+		goto out_free_link;
+
+	override_cred->fsuid = stat->uid;
+	override_cred->fsgid = stat->gid;
+	/*
+	 * CAP_SYS_ADMIN for copying up extended attributes
+	 * CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE for create
+	 * CAP_FOWNER for chmod, timestamp update
+	 * CAP_FSETID for chmod
+	 * CAP_MKNOD for mknod
+	 */
+	cap_raise(override_cred->cap_effective, CAP_SYS_ADMIN);
+	cap_raise(override_cred->cap_effective, CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE);
+	cap_raise(override_cred->cap_effective, CAP_FOWNER);
+	cap_raise(override_cred->cap_effective, CAP_FSETID);
+	cap_raise(override_cred->cap_effective, CAP_MKNOD);
+	old_cred = override_creds(override_cred);
+
+	mutex_lock_nested(&upperdir->d_inode->i_mutex, I_MUTEX_PARENT);
+	if (ovl_path_type(dentry) != OVL_PATH_LOWER) {
+		err = 0;
+	} else {
+		err = ovl_copy_up_locked(upperdir, dentry, lowerpath,
+					 stat, link);
+		if (!err) {
+			/* Restore timestamps on parent (best effort) */
+			ovl_set_timestamps(upperdir, &pstat);
+		}
+	}
+
+	mutex_unlock(&upperdir->d_inode->i_mutex);
+
+	revert_creds(old_cred);
+	put_cred(override_cred);
+
+out_free_link:
+	if (link)
+		free_page((unsigned long) link);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+int ovl_copy_up(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	err = 0;
+	while (!err) {
+		struct dentry *next;
+		struct dentry *parent;
+		struct path lowerpath;
+		struct kstat stat;
+		enum ovl_path_type type = ovl_path_type(dentry);
+
+		if (type != OVL_PATH_LOWER)
+			break;
+
+		next = dget(dentry);
+		/* find the topmost dentry not yet copied up */
+		for (;;) {
+			parent = dget_parent(next);
+
+			type = ovl_path_type(parent);
+			if (type != OVL_PATH_LOWER)
+				break;
+
+			dput(next);
+			next = parent;
+		}
+
+		ovl_path_lower(next, &lowerpath);
+		err = vfs_getattr(lowerpath.mnt, lowerpath.dentry, &stat);
+		if (!err)
+			err = ovl_copy_up_one(parent, next, &lowerpath, &stat);
+
+		dput(parent);
+		dput(next);
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* Optimize by not copying up the file first and truncating later */
+int ovl_copy_up_truncate(struct dentry *dentry, loff_t size)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct kstat stat;
+	struct path lowerpath;
+	struct dentry *parent = dget_parent(dentry);
+
+	err = ovl_copy_up(parent);
+	if (err)
+		goto out_dput_parent;
+
+	ovl_path_lower(dentry, &lowerpath);
+	err = vfs_getattr(lowerpath.mnt, lowerpath.dentry, &stat);
+	if (err)
+		goto out_dput_parent;
+
+	if (size < stat.size)
+		stat.size = size;
+
+	err = ovl_copy_up_one(parent, dentry, &lowerpath, &stat);
+
+out_dput_parent:
+	dput(parent);
+	return err;
+}
diff --git a/fs/overlayfs/dir.c b/fs/overlayfs/dir.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c914c9770ca8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/overlayfs/dir.c
@@ -0,0 +1,602 @@
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 Novell Inc.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/namei.h>
+#include <linux/xattr.h>
+#include <linux/security.h>
+#include <linux/cred.h>
+#include "overlayfs.h"
+
+static const char *ovl_whiteout_symlink = "(overlay-whiteout)";
+
+static int ovl_whiteout(struct dentry *upperdir, struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct dentry *newdentry;
+	const struct cred *old_cred;
+	struct cred *override_cred;
+
+	/* FIXME: recheck lower dentry to see if whiteout is really needed */
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	override_cred = prepare_creds();
+	if (!override_cred)
+		goto out;
+
+	/*
+	 * CAP_SYS_ADMIN for setxattr
+	 * CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE for symlink creation
+	 * CAP_FOWNER for unlink in sticky directory
+	 */
+	cap_raise(override_cred->cap_effective, CAP_SYS_ADMIN);
+	cap_raise(override_cred->cap_effective, CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE);
+	cap_raise(override_cred->cap_effective, CAP_FOWNER);
+	override_cred->fsuid = 0;
+	override_cred->fsgid = 0;
+	old_cred = override_creds(override_cred);
+
+	newdentry = lookup_one_len(dentry->d_name.name, upperdir,
+				   dentry->d_name.len);
+	err = PTR_ERR(newdentry);
+	if (IS_ERR(newdentry))
+		goto out_put_cred;
+
+	/* Just been removed within the same locked region */
+	WARN_ON(newdentry->d_inode);
+
+	err = vfs_symlink(upperdir->d_inode, newdentry, ovl_whiteout_symlink);
+	if (err)
+		goto out_dput;
+
+	ovl_dentry_version_inc(dentry->d_parent);
+
+	err = vfs_setxattr(newdentry, ovl_whiteout_xattr, "y", 1, 0);
+	if (err)
+		vfs_unlink(upperdir->d_inode, newdentry);
+
+out_dput:
+	dput(newdentry);
+out_put_cred:
+	revert_creds(old_cred);
+	put_cred(override_cred);
+out:
+	if (err) {
+		/*
+		 * There's no way to recover from failure to whiteout.
+		 * What should we do?  Log a big fat error and... ?
+		 */
+		printk(KERN_ERR "overlayfs: ERROR - failed to whiteout '%s'\n",
+		       dentry->d_name.name);
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static struct dentry *ovl_lookup_create(struct dentry *upperdir,
+					struct dentry *template)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct dentry *newdentry;
+	struct qstr *name = &template->d_name;
+
+	newdentry = lookup_one_len(name->name, upperdir, name->len);
+	if (IS_ERR(newdentry))
+		return newdentry;
+
+	if (newdentry->d_inode) {
+		const struct cred *old_cred;
+		struct cred *override_cred;
+
+		/* No need to check whiteout if lower parent is non-existent */
+		err = -EEXIST;
+		if (!ovl_dentry_lower(template->d_parent))
+			goto out_dput;
+
+		if (!S_ISLNK(newdentry->d_inode->i_mode))
+			goto out_dput;
+
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		override_cred = prepare_creds();
+		if (!override_cred)
+			goto out_dput;
+
+		/*
+		 * CAP_SYS_ADMIN for getxattr
+		 * CAP_FOWNER for unlink in sticky directory
+		 */
+		cap_raise(override_cred->cap_effective, CAP_SYS_ADMIN);
+		cap_raise(override_cred->cap_effective, CAP_FOWNER);
+		old_cred = override_creds(override_cred);
+
+		err = -EEXIST;
+		if (ovl_is_whiteout(newdentry))
+			err = vfs_unlink(upperdir->d_inode, newdentry);
+
+		revert_creds(old_cred);
+		put_cred(override_cred);
+		if (err)
+			goto out_dput;
+
+		dput(newdentry);
+		newdentry = lookup_one_len(name->name, upperdir, name->len);
+		if (IS_ERR(newdentry)) {
+			ovl_whiteout(upperdir, template);
+			return newdentry;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Whiteout just been successfully removed, parent
+		 * i_mutex is still held, there's no way the lookup
+		 * could return positive.
+		 */
+		WARN_ON(newdentry->d_inode);
+	}
+
+	return newdentry;
+
+out_dput:
+	dput(newdentry);
+	return ERR_PTR(err);
+}
+
+struct dentry *ovl_upper_create(struct dentry *upperdir, struct dentry *dentry,
+				struct kstat *stat, const char *link)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct dentry *newdentry;
+	struct inode *dir = upperdir->d_inode;
+
+	newdentry = ovl_lookup_create(upperdir, dentry);
+	if (IS_ERR(newdentry))
+		goto out;
+
+	switch (stat->mode & S_IFMT) {
+	case S_IFREG:
+		err = vfs_create(dir, newdentry, stat->mode, NULL);
+		break;
+
+	case S_IFDIR:
+		err = vfs_mkdir(dir, newdentry, stat->mode);
+		break;
+
+	case S_IFCHR:
+	case S_IFBLK:
+	case S_IFIFO:
+	case S_IFSOCK:
+		err = vfs_mknod(dir, newdentry, stat->mode, stat->rdev);
+		break;
+
+	case S_IFLNK:
+		err = vfs_symlink(dir, newdentry, link);
+		break;
+
+	default:
+		err = -EPERM;
+	}
+	if (err) {
+		if (ovl_dentry_is_opaque(dentry))
+			ovl_whiteout(upperdir, dentry);
+		dput(newdentry);
+		newdentry = ERR_PTR(err);
+	} else if (WARN_ON(!newdentry->d_inode)) {
+		/*
+		 * Not quite sure if non-instantiated dentry is legal or not.
+		 * VFS doesn't seem to care so check and warn here.
+		 */
+		dput(newdentry);
+		newdentry = ERR_PTR(-ENOENT);
+	}
+
+out:
+	return newdentry;
+
+}
+
+static int ovl_set_opaque(struct dentry *upperdentry)
+{
+	int err;
+	const struct cred *old_cred;
+	struct cred *override_cred;
+
+	override_cred = prepare_creds();
+	if (!override_cred)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	/* CAP_SYS_ADMIN for setxattr of "trusted" namespace */
+	cap_raise(override_cred->cap_effective, CAP_SYS_ADMIN);
+	old_cred = override_creds(override_cred);
+	err = vfs_setxattr(upperdentry, ovl_opaque_xattr, "y", 1, 0);
+	revert_creds(old_cred);
+	put_cred(override_cred);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int ovl_remove_opaque(struct dentry *upperdentry)
+{
+	int err;
+	const struct cred *old_cred;
+	struct cred *override_cred;
+
+	override_cred = prepare_creds();
+	if (!override_cred)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	/* CAP_SYS_ADMIN for removexattr of "trusted" namespace */
+	cap_raise(override_cred->cap_effective, CAP_SYS_ADMIN);
+	old_cred = override_creds(override_cred);
+	err = vfs_removexattr(upperdentry, ovl_opaque_xattr);
+	revert_creds(old_cred);
+	put_cred(override_cred);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int ovl_dir_getattr(struct vfsmount *mnt, struct dentry *dentry,
+			 struct kstat *stat)
+{
+	int err;
+	enum ovl_path_type type;
+	struct path realpath;
+
+	type = ovl_path_real(dentry, &realpath);
+	err = vfs_getattr(realpath.mnt, realpath.dentry, stat);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	stat->dev = dentry->d_sb->s_dev;
+	stat->ino = dentry->d_inode->i_ino;
+
+	/*
+	 * It's probably not worth it to count subdirs to get the
+	 * correct link count.  nlink=1 seems to pacify 'find' and
+	 * other utilities.
+	 */
+	if (type == OVL_PATH_MERGE)
+		stat->nlink = 1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int ovl_create_object(struct dentry *dentry, int mode, dev_t rdev,
+			     const char *link)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct dentry *newdentry;
+	struct dentry *upperdir;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct kstat stat = {
+		.mode = mode,
+		.rdev = rdev,
+	};
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	inode = ovl_new_inode(dentry->d_sb, mode, dentry->d_fsdata);
+	if (!inode)
+		goto out;
+
+	err = ovl_copy_up(dentry->d_parent);
+	if (err)
+		goto out_iput;
+
+	upperdir = ovl_dentry_upper(dentry->d_parent);
+	mutex_lock_nested(&upperdir->d_inode->i_mutex, I_MUTEX_PARENT);
+
+	newdentry = ovl_upper_create(upperdir, dentry, &stat, link);
+	err = PTR_ERR(newdentry);
+	if (IS_ERR(newdentry))
+		goto out_unlock;
+
+	ovl_dentry_version_inc(dentry->d_parent);
+	if (ovl_dentry_is_opaque(dentry) && S_ISDIR(mode)) {
+		err = ovl_set_opaque(newdentry);
+		if (err) {
+			vfs_rmdir(upperdir->d_inode, newdentry);
+			ovl_whiteout(upperdir, dentry);
+			goto out_dput;
+		}
+	}
+	ovl_dentry_update(dentry, newdentry);
+	d_instantiate(dentry, inode);
+	inode = NULL;
+	newdentry = NULL;
+	err = 0;
+
+out_dput:
+	dput(newdentry);
+out_unlock:
+	mutex_unlock(&upperdir->d_inode->i_mutex);
+out_iput:
+	iput(inode);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int ovl_create(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, umode_t mode,
+			struct nameidata *nd)
+{
+	return ovl_create_object(dentry, (mode & 07777) | S_IFREG, 0, NULL);
+}
+
+static int ovl_mkdir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, umode_t mode)
+{
+	return ovl_create_object(dentry, (mode & 07777) | S_IFDIR, 0, NULL);
+}
+
+static int ovl_mknod(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, umode_t mode,
+		     dev_t rdev)
+{
+	return ovl_create_object(dentry, mode, rdev, NULL);
+}
+
+static int ovl_symlink(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry,
+			 const char *link)
+{
+	return ovl_create_object(dentry, S_IFLNK, 0, link);
+}
+
+static int ovl_do_remove(struct dentry *dentry, bool is_dir)
+{
+	int err;
+	enum ovl_path_type type;
+	struct path realpath;
+	struct dentry *upperdir;
+
+	err = ovl_copy_up(dentry->d_parent);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	upperdir = ovl_dentry_upper(dentry->d_parent);
+	mutex_lock_nested(&upperdir->d_inode->i_mutex, I_MUTEX_PARENT);
+	type = ovl_path_real(dentry, &realpath);
+	if (type != OVL_PATH_LOWER) {
+		err = -ESTALE;
+		if (realpath.dentry->d_parent != upperdir)
+			goto out_d_drop;
+
+		/* FIXME: create whiteout up front and rename to target */
+
+		if (is_dir)
+			err = vfs_rmdir(upperdir->d_inode, realpath.dentry);
+		else
+			err = vfs_unlink(upperdir->d_inode, realpath.dentry);
+		if (err)
+			goto out_d_drop;
+
+		ovl_dentry_version_inc(dentry->d_parent);
+	}
+
+	if (type != OVL_PATH_UPPER || ovl_dentry_is_opaque(dentry))
+		err = ovl_whiteout(upperdir, dentry);
+
+	/*
+	 * Keeping this dentry hashed would mean having to release
+	 * upperpath/lowerpath, which could only be done if we are the
+	 * sole user of this dentry.  Too tricky...  Just unhash for
+	 * now.
+	 */
+out_d_drop:
+	d_drop(dentry);
+	mutex_unlock(&upperdir->d_inode->i_mutex);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int ovl_unlink(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	return ovl_do_remove(dentry, false);
+}
+
+
+static int ovl_rmdir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	int err;
+	enum ovl_path_type type;
+
+	type = ovl_path_type(dentry);
+	if (type != OVL_PATH_UPPER) {
+		err = ovl_check_empty_and_clear(dentry, type);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+	}
+
+	return ovl_do_remove(dentry, true);
+}
+
+static int ovl_link(struct dentry *old, struct inode *newdir,
+		    struct dentry *new)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct dentry *olddentry;
+	struct dentry *newdentry;
+	struct dentry *upperdir;
+	struct inode *newinode;
+
+	err = ovl_copy_up(old);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	err = ovl_copy_up(new->d_parent);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	upperdir = ovl_dentry_upper(new->d_parent);
+	mutex_lock_nested(&upperdir->d_inode->i_mutex, I_MUTEX_PARENT);
+	newdentry = ovl_lookup_create(upperdir, new);
+	err = PTR_ERR(newdentry);
+	if (IS_ERR(newdentry))
+		goto out_unlock;
+
+	olddentry = ovl_dentry_upper(old);
+	err = vfs_link(olddentry, upperdir->d_inode, newdentry);
+	if (!err) {
+		if (WARN_ON(!newdentry->d_inode)) {
+			dput(newdentry);
+			err = -ENOENT;
+			goto out_unlock;
+		}
+		newinode = ovl_new_inode(old->d_sb, newdentry->d_inode->i_mode,
+				new->d_fsdata);
+		if (!newinode)
+			goto link_fail;
+
+		ovl_dentry_version_inc(new->d_parent);
+		ovl_dentry_update(new, newdentry);
+
+		d_instantiate(new, newinode);
+	} else {
+link_fail:
+		if (ovl_dentry_is_opaque(new))
+			ovl_whiteout(upperdir, new);
+		dput(newdentry);
+	}
+out_unlock:
+	mutex_unlock(&upperdir->d_inode->i_mutex);
+out:
+	return err;
+
+}
+
+static int ovl_rename(struct inode *olddir, struct dentry *old,
+			struct inode *newdir, struct dentry *new)
+{
+	int err;
+	enum ovl_path_type old_type;
+	enum ovl_path_type new_type;
+	struct dentry *old_upperdir;
+	struct dentry *new_upperdir;
+	struct dentry *olddentry;
+	struct dentry *newdentry;
+	struct dentry *trap;
+	bool old_opaque;
+	bool new_opaque;
+	bool new_create = false;
+	bool is_dir = S_ISDIR(old->d_inode->i_mode);
+
+	/* Don't copy up directory trees */
+	old_type = ovl_path_type(old);
+	if (old_type != OVL_PATH_UPPER && is_dir)
+		return -EXDEV;
+
+	if (new->d_inode) {
+		new_type = ovl_path_type(new);
+
+		if (new_type == OVL_PATH_LOWER && old_type == OVL_PATH_LOWER) {
+			if (ovl_dentry_lower(old)->d_inode ==
+			    ovl_dentry_lower(new)->d_inode)
+				return 0;
+		}
+		if (new_type != OVL_PATH_LOWER && old_type != OVL_PATH_LOWER) {
+			if (ovl_dentry_upper(old)->d_inode ==
+			    ovl_dentry_upper(new)->d_inode)
+				return 0;
+		}
+
+		if (new_type != OVL_PATH_UPPER &&
+		    S_ISDIR(new->d_inode->i_mode)) {
+			err = ovl_check_empty_and_clear(new, new_type);
+			if (err)
+				return err;
+		}
+	} else {
+		new_type = OVL_PATH_UPPER;
+	}
+
+	err = ovl_copy_up(old);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	err = ovl_copy_up(new->d_parent);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	old_upperdir = ovl_dentry_upper(old->d_parent);
+	new_upperdir = ovl_dentry_upper(new->d_parent);
+
+	trap = lock_rename(new_upperdir, old_upperdir);
+
+	olddentry = ovl_dentry_upper(old);
+	newdentry = ovl_dentry_upper(new);
+	if (newdentry) {
+		dget(newdentry);
+	} else {
+		new_create = true;
+		newdentry = ovl_lookup_create(new_upperdir, new);
+		err = PTR_ERR(newdentry);
+		if (IS_ERR(newdentry))
+			goto out_unlock;
+	}
+
+	err = -ESTALE;
+	if (olddentry->d_parent != old_upperdir)
+		goto out_dput;
+	if (newdentry->d_parent != new_upperdir)
+		goto out_dput;
+	if (olddentry == trap)
+		goto out_dput;
+	if (newdentry == trap)
+		goto out_dput;
+
+	old_opaque = ovl_dentry_is_opaque(old);
+	new_opaque = ovl_dentry_is_opaque(new) || new_type != OVL_PATH_UPPER;
+
+	if (is_dir && !old_opaque && new_opaque) {
+		err = ovl_set_opaque(olddentry);
+		if (err)
+			goto out_dput;
+	}
+
+	err = vfs_rename(old_upperdir->d_inode, olddentry,
+			 new_upperdir->d_inode, newdentry);
+
+	if (err) {
+		if (new_create && ovl_dentry_is_opaque(new))
+			ovl_whiteout(new_upperdir, new);
+		if (is_dir && !old_opaque && new_opaque)
+			ovl_remove_opaque(olddentry);
+		goto out_dput;
+	}
+
+	if (old_type != OVL_PATH_UPPER || old_opaque)
+		err = ovl_whiteout(old_upperdir, old);
+	if (is_dir && old_opaque && !new_opaque)
+		ovl_remove_opaque(olddentry);
+
+	if (old_opaque != new_opaque)
+		ovl_dentry_set_opaque(old, new_opaque);
+
+	ovl_dentry_version_inc(old->d_parent);
+	ovl_dentry_version_inc(new->d_parent);
+
+out_dput:
+	dput(newdentry);
+out_unlock:
+	unlock_rename(new_upperdir, old_upperdir);
+	return err;
+}
+
+const struct inode_operations ovl_dir_inode_operations = {
+	.lookup		= ovl_lookup,
+	.mkdir		= ovl_mkdir,
+	.symlink	= ovl_symlink,
+	.unlink		= ovl_unlink,
+	.rmdir		= ovl_rmdir,
+	.rename		= ovl_rename,
+	.link		= ovl_link,
+	.setattr	= ovl_setattr,
+	.create		= ovl_create,
+	.mknod		= ovl_mknod,
+	.permission	= ovl_permission,
+	.getattr	= ovl_dir_getattr,
+	.setxattr	= ovl_setxattr,
+	.getxattr	= ovl_getxattr,
+	.listxattr	= ovl_listxattr,
+	.removexattr	= ovl_removexattr,
+};
diff --git a/fs/overlayfs/inode.c b/fs/overlayfs/inode.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1a8e232e2c6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/overlayfs/inode.c
@@ -0,0 +1,375 @@
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 Novell Inc.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/xattr.h>
+#include "overlayfs.h"
+
+int ovl_setattr(struct dentry *dentry, struct iattr *attr)
+{
+	struct dentry *upperdentry;
+	int err;
+
+	if ((attr->ia_valid & ATTR_SIZE) && !ovl_dentry_upper(dentry))
+		err = ovl_copy_up_truncate(dentry, attr->ia_size);
+	else
+		err = ovl_copy_up(dentry);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	upperdentry = ovl_dentry_upper(dentry);
+
+	if (attr->ia_valid & (ATTR_KILL_SUID|ATTR_KILL_SGID))
+		attr->ia_valid &= ~ATTR_MODE;
+
+	mutex_lock(&upperdentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
+	err = notify_change(upperdentry, attr);
+	mutex_unlock(&upperdentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int ovl_getattr(struct vfsmount *mnt, struct dentry *dentry,
+			 struct kstat *stat)
+{
+	struct path realpath;
+
+	ovl_path_real(dentry, &realpath);
+	return vfs_getattr(realpath.mnt, realpath.dentry, stat);
+}
+
+int ovl_permission(struct inode *inode, int mask)
+{
+	struct ovl_entry *oe;
+	struct dentry *alias = NULL;
+	struct inode *realinode;
+	struct dentry *realdentry;
+	bool is_upper;
+	int err;
+
+	if (S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode)) {
+		oe = inode->i_private;
+	} else if (mask & MAY_NOT_BLOCK) {
+		return -ECHILD;
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * For non-directories find an alias and get the info
+		 * from there.
+		 */
+		spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
+		if (WARN_ON(list_empty(&inode->i_dentry))) {
+			spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
+			return -ENOENT;
+		}
+		alias = list_entry(inode->i_dentry.next,
+				   struct dentry, d_alias);
+		dget(alias);
+		spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
+		oe = alias->d_fsdata;
+	}
+
+	realdentry = ovl_entry_real(oe, &is_upper);
+
+	/* Careful in RCU walk mode */
+	realinode = ACCESS_ONCE(realdentry->d_inode);
+	if (!realinode) {
+		WARN_ON(!(mask & MAY_NOT_BLOCK));
+		err = -ENOENT;
+		goto out_dput;
+	}
+
+	if (mask & MAY_WRITE) {
+		umode_t mode = realinode->i_mode;
+
+		/*
+		 * Writes will always be redirected to upper layer, so
+		 * ignore lower layer being read-only.
+		 *
+		 * If the overlay itself is read-only then proceed
+		 * with the permission check, don't return EROFS.
+		 * This will only happen if this is the lower layer of
+		 * another overlayfs.
+		 *
+		 * If upper fs becomes read-only after the overlay was
+		 * constructed return EROFS to prevent modification of
+		 * upper layer.
+		 */
+		err = -EROFS;
+		if (is_upper && !IS_RDONLY(inode) && IS_RDONLY(realinode) &&
+		    (S_ISREG(mode) || S_ISDIR(mode) || S_ISLNK(mode)))
+			goto out_dput;
+	}
+
+	err = inode_only_permission(realinode, mask);
+out_dput:
+	dput(alias);
+	return err;
+}
+
+
+struct ovl_link_data {
+	struct dentry *realdentry;
+	void *cookie;
+};
+
+static void *ovl_follow_link(struct dentry *dentry, struct nameidata *nd)
+{
+	void *ret;
+	struct dentry *realdentry;
+	struct inode *realinode;
+
+	realdentry = ovl_dentry_real(dentry);
+	realinode = realdentry->d_inode;
+
+	if (WARN_ON(!realinode->i_op->follow_link))
+		return ERR_PTR(-EPERM);
+
+	ret = realinode->i_op->follow_link(realdentry, nd);
+	if (IS_ERR(ret))
+		return ret;
+
+	if (realinode->i_op->put_link) {
+		struct ovl_link_data *data;
+
+		data = kmalloc(sizeof(struct ovl_link_data), GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (!data) {
+			realinode->i_op->put_link(realdentry, nd, ret);
+			return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+		}
+		data->realdentry = realdentry;
+		data->cookie = ret;
+
+		return data;
+	} else {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+static void ovl_put_link(struct dentry *dentry, struct nameidata *nd, void *c)
+{
+	struct inode *realinode;
+	struct ovl_link_data *data = c;
+
+	if (!data)
+		return;
+
+	realinode = data->realdentry->d_inode;
+	realinode->i_op->put_link(data->realdentry, nd, data->cookie);
+	kfree(data);
+}
+
+static int ovl_readlink(struct dentry *dentry, char __user *buf, int bufsiz)
+{
+	struct path realpath;
+	struct inode *realinode;
+
+	ovl_path_real(dentry, &realpath);
+	realinode = realpath.dentry->d_inode;
+
+	if (!realinode->i_op->readlink)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	touch_atime(&realpath);
+
+	return realinode->i_op->readlink(realpath.dentry, buf, bufsiz);
+}
+
+
+static bool ovl_is_private_xattr(const char *name)
+{
+	return strncmp(name, "trusted.overlay.", 14) == 0;
+}
+
+int ovl_setxattr(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name,
+		 const void *value, size_t size, int flags)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct dentry *upperdentry;
+
+	if (ovl_is_private_xattr(name))
+		return -EPERM;
+
+	err = ovl_copy_up(dentry);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	upperdentry = ovl_dentry_upper(dentry);
+	return  vfs_setxattr(upperdentry, name, value, size, flags);
+}
+
+ssize_t ovl_getxattr(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name,
+		     void *value, size_t size)
+{
+	if (ovl_path_type(dentry->d_parent) == OVL_PATH_MERGE &&
+	    ovl_is_private_xattr(name))
+		return -ENODATA;
+
+	return vfs_getxattr(ovl_dentry_real(dentry), name, value, size);
+}
+
+ssize_t ovl_listxattr(struct dentry *dentry, char *list, size_t size)
+{
+	ssize_t res;
+	int off;
+
+	res = vfs_listxattr(ovl_dentry_real(dentry), list, size);
+	if (res <= 0 || size == 0)
+		return res;
+
+	if (ovl_path_type(dentry->d_parent) != OVL_PATH_MERGE)
+		return res;
+
+	/* filter out private xattrs */
+	for (off = 0; off < res;) {
+		char *s = list + off;
+		size_t slen = strlen(s) + 1;
+
+		BUG_ON(off + slen > res);
+
+		if (ovl_is_private_xattr(s)) {
+			res -= slen;
+			memmove(s, s + slen, res - off);
+		} else {
+			off += slen;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return res;
+}
+
+int ovl_removexattr(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct path realpath;
+	enum ovl_path_type type;
+
+	if (ovl_path_type(dentry->d_parent) == OVL_PATH_MERGE &&
+	    ovl_is_private_xattr(name))
+		return -ENODATA;
+
+	type = ovl_path_real(dentry, &realpath);
+	if (type == OVL_PATH_LOWER) {
+		err = vfs_getxattr(realpath.dentry, name, NULL, 0);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+
+		err = ovl_copy_up(dentry);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+
+		ovl_path_upper(dentry, &realpath);
+	}
+
+	return vfs_removexattr(realpath.dentry, name);
+}
+
+static bool ovl_open_need_copy_up(int flags, enum ovl_path_type type,
+				  struct dentry *realdentry)
+{
+	if (type != OVL_PATH_LOWER)
+		return false;
+
+	if (special_file(realdentry->d_inode->i_mode))
+		return false;
+
+	if (!(OPEN_FMODE(flags) & FMODE_WRITE) && !(flags & O_TRUNC))
+		return false;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+static struct file *ovl_open(struct dentry *dentry, struct file *file,
+			     const struct cred *cred)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct path realpath;
+	enum ovl_path_type type;
+
+	type = ovl_path_real(dentry, &realpath);
+	if (ovl_open_need_copy_up(file->f_flags, type, realpath.dentry)) {
+		if (file->f_flags & O_TRUNC)
+			err = ovl_copy_up_truncate(dentry, 0);
+		else
+			err = ovl_copy_up(dentry);
+		if (err)
+			return ERR_PTR(err);
+
+		ovl_path_upper(dentry, &realpath);
+	}
+
+	return vfs_open(&realpath, file, cred);
+}
+
+static const struct inode_operations ovl_file_inode_operations = {
+	.setattr	= ovl_setattr,
+	.permission	= ovl_permission,
+	.getattr	= ovl_getattr,
+	.setxattr	= ovl_setxattr,
+	.getxattr	= ovl_getxattr,
+	.listxattr	= ovl_listxattr,
+	.removexattr	= ovl_removexattr,
+	.open		= ovl_open,
+};
+
+static const struct inode_operations ovl_symlink_inode_operations = {
+	.setattr	= ovl_setattr,
+	.follow_link	= ovl_follow_link,
+	.put_link	= ovl_put_link,
+	.readlink	= ovl_readlink,
+	.getattr	= ovl_getattr,
+	.setxattr	= ovl_setxattr,
+	.getxattr	= ovl_getxattr,
+	.listxattr	= ovl_listxattr,
+	.removexattr	= ovl_removexattr,
+};
+
+struct inode *ovl_new_inode(struct super_block *sb, umode_t mode,
+			    struct ovl_entry *oe)
+{
+	struct inode *inode;
+
+	inode = new_inode(sb);
+	if (!inode)
+		return NULL;
+
+	mode &= S_IFMT;
+
+	inode->i_ino = get_next_ino();
+	inode->i_mode = mode;
+	inode->i_flags |= S_NOATIME | S_NOCMTIME;
+
+	switch (mode) {
+	case S_IFDIR:
+		inode->i_private = oe;
+		inode->i_op = &ovl_dir_inode_operations;
+		inode->i_fop = &ovl_dir_operations;
+		break;
+
+	case S_IFLNK:
+		inode->i_op = &ovl_symlink_inode_operations;
+		break;
+
+	case S_IFREG:
+	case S_IFSOCK:
+	case S_IFBLK:
+	case S_IFCHR:
+	case S_IFIFO:
+		inode->i_op = &ovl_file_inode_operations;
+		break;
+
+	default:
+		WARN(1, "illegal file type: %i\n", mode);
+		iput(inode);
+		inode = NULL;
+	}
+
+	return inode;
+
+}
diff --git a/fs/overlayfs/overlayfs.h b/fs/overlayfs/overlayfs.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1dd05f76604b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/overlayfs/overlayfs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 Novell Inc.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation.
+ */
+
+struct ovl_entry;
+
+enum ovl_path_type {
+	OVL_PATH_UPPER,
+	OVL_PATH_MERGE,
+	OVL_PATH_LOWER,
+};
+
+extern const char *ovl_opaque_xattr;
+extern const char *ovl_whiteout_xattr;
+extern const struct dentry_operations ovl_dentry_operations;
+
+enum ovl_path_type ovl_path_type(struct dentry *dentry);
+u64 ovl_dentry_version_get(struct dentry *dentry);
+void ovl_dentry_version_inc(struct dentry *dentry);
+void ovl_path_upper(struct dentry *dentry, struct path *path);
+void ovl_path_lower(struct dentry *dentry, struct path *path);
+enum ovl_path_type ovl_path_real(struct dentry *dentry, struct path *path);
+struct dentry *ovl_dentry_upper(struct dentry *dentry);
+struct dentry *ovl_dentry_lower(struct dentry *dentry);
+struct dentry *ovl_dentry_real(struct dentry *dentry);
+struct dentry *ovl_entry_real(struct ovl_entry *oe, bool *is_upper);
+bool ovl_dentry_is_opaque(struct dentry *dentry);
+void ovl_dentry_set_opaque(struct dentry *dentry, bool opaque);
+bool ovl_is_whiteout(struct dentry *dentry);
+void ovl_dentry_update(struct dentry *dentry, struct dentry *upperdentry);
+struct dentry *ovl_lookup(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry,
+			  struct nameidata *nd);
+struct file *ovl_path_open(struct path *path, int flags);
+
+struct dentry *ovl_upper_create(struct dentry *upperdir, struct dentry *dentry,
+				struct kstat *stat, const char *link);
+
+/* readdir.c */
+extern const struct file_operations ovl_dir_operations;
+int ovl_check_empty_and_clear(struct dentry *dentry, enum ovl_path_type type);
+
+/* inode.c */
+int ovl_setattr(struct dentry *dentry, struct iattr *attr);
+int ovl_permission(struct inode *inode, int mask);
+int ovl_setxattr(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name,
+		 const void *value, size_t size, int flags);
+ssize_t ovl_getxattr(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name,
+		     void *value, size_t size);
+ssize_t ovl_listxattr(struct dentry *dentry, char *list, size_t size);
+int ovl_removexattr(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name);
+
+struct inode *ovl_new_inode(struct super_block *sb, umode_t mode,
+			    struct ovl_entry *oe);
+/* dir.c */
+extern const struct inode_operations ovl_dir_inode_operations;
+
+/* copy_up.c */
+int ovl_copy_up(struct dentry *dentry);
+int ovl_copy_up_truncate(struct dentry *dentry, loff_t size);
diff --git a/fs/overlayfs/readdir.c b/fs/overlayfs/readdir.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0797efbc7be4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/overlayfs/readdir.c
@@ -0,0 +1,566 @@
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 Novell Inc.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/namei.h>
+#include <linux/file.h>
+#include <linux/xattr.h>
+#include <linux/rbtree.h>
+#include <linux/security.h>
+#include <linux/cred.h>
+#include "overlayfs.h"
+
+struct ovl_cache_entry {
+	const char *name;
+	unsigned int len;
+	unsigned int type;
+	u64 ino;
+	bool is_whiteout;
+	struct list_head l_node;
+	struct rb_node node;
+};
+
+struct ovl_readdir_data {
+	struct rb_root *root;
+	struct list_head *list;
+	struct list_head *middle;
+	struct dentry *dir;
+	int count;
+	int err;
+};
+
+struct ovl_dir_file {
+	bool is_real;
+	bool is_cached;
+	struct list_head cursor;
+	u64 cache_version;
+	struct list_head cache;
+	struct file *realfile;
+};
+
+static struct ovl_cache_entry *ovl_cache_entry_from_node(struct rb_node *n)
+{
+	return container_of(n, struct ovl_cache_entry, node);
+}
+
+static struct ovl_cache_entry *ovl_cache_entry_find(struct rb_root *root,
+						    const char *name, int len)
+{
+	struct rb_node *node = root->rb_node;
+	int cmp;
+
+	while (node) {
+		struct ovl_cache_entry *p = ovl_cache_entry_from_node(node);
+
+		cmp = strncmp(name, p->name, len);
+		if (cmp > 0)
+			node = p->node.rb_right;
+		else if (cmp < 0 || len < p->len)
+			node = p->node.rb_left;
+		else
+			return p;
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static struct ovl_cache_entry *ovl_cache_entry_new(const char *name, int len,
+						   u64 ino, unsigned int d_type)
+{
+	struct ovl_cache_entry *p;
+
+	p = kmalloc(sizeof(*p) + len + 1, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (p) {
+		char *name_copy = (char *) (p + 1);
+		memcpy(name_copy, name, len);
+		name_copy[len] = '\0';
+		p->name = name_copy;
+		p->len = len;
+		p->type = d_type;
+		p->ino = ino;
+		p->is_whiteout = false;
+	}
+
+	return p;
+}
+
+static int ovl_cache_entry_add_rb(struct ovl_readdir_data *rdd,
+				  const char *name, int len, u64 ino,
+				  unsigned int d_type)
+{
+	struct rb_node **newp = &rdd->root->rb_node;
+	struct rb_node *parent = NULL;
+	struct ovl_cache_entry *p;
+
+	while (*newp) {
+		int cmp;
+		struct ovl_cache_entry *tmp;
+
+		parent = *newp;
+		tmp = ovl_cache_entry_from_node(*newp);
+		cmp = strncmp(name, tmp->name, len);
+		if (cmp > 0)
+			newp = &tmp->node.rb_right;
+		else if (cmp < 0 || len < tmp->len)
+			newp = &tmp->node.rb_left;
+		else
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	p = ovl_cache_entry_new(name, len, ino, d_type);
+	if (p == NULL)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	list_add_tail(&p->l_node, rdd->list);
+	rb_link_node(&p->node, parent, newp);
+	rb_insert_color(&p->node, rdd->root);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int ovl_fill_lower(void *buf, const char *name, int namelen,
+			    loff_t offset, u64 ino, unsigned int d_type)
+{
+	struct ovl_readdir_data *rdd = buf;
+	struct ovl_cache_entry *p;
+
+	rdd->count++;
+	p = ovl_cache_entry_find(rdd->root, name, namelen);
+	if (p) {
+		list_move_tail(&p->l_node, rdd->middle);
+	} else {
+		p = ovl_cache_entry_new(name, namelen, ino, d_type);
+		if (p == NULL)
+			rdd->err = -ENOMEM;
+		else
+			list_add_tail(&p->l_node, rdd->middle);
+	}
+
+	return rdd->err;
+}
+
+static void ovl_cache_free(struct list_head *list)
+{
+	struct ovl_cache_entry *p;
+	struct ovl_cache_entry *n;
+
+	list_for_each_entry_safe(p, n, list, l_node)
+		kfree(p);
+
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(list);
+}
+
+static int ovl_fill_upper(void *buf, const char *name, int namelen,
+			  loff_t offset, u64 ino, unsigned int d_type)
+{
+	struct ovl_readdir_data *rdd = buf;
+
+	rdd->count++;
+	return ovl_cache_entry_add_rb(rdd, name, namelen, ino, d_type);
+}
+
+static inline int ovl_dir_read(struct path *realpath,
+			       struct ovl_readdir_data *rdd, filldir_t filler)
+{
+	struct file *realfile;
+	int err;
+
+	realfile = ovl_path_open(realpath, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY);
+	if (IS_ERR(realfile))
+		return PTR_ERR(realfile);
+
+	do {
+		rdd->count = 0;
+		rdd->err = 0;
+		err = vfs_readdir(realfile, filler, rdd);
+		if (err >= 0)
+			err = rdd->err;
+	} while (!err && rdd->count);
+	fput(realfile);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void ovl_dir_reset(struct file *file)
+{
+	struct ovl_dir_file *od = file->private_data;
+	enum ovl_path_type type = ovl_path_type(file->f_path.dentry);
+
+	if (ovl_dentry_version_get(file->f_path.dentry) != od->cache_version) {
+		list_del_init(&od->cursor);
+		ovl_cache_free(&od->cache);
+		od->is_cached = false;
+	}
+	WARN_ON(!od->is_real && type != OVL_PATH_MERGE);
+	if (od->is_real && type == OVL_PATH_MERGE) {
+		fput(od->realfile);
+		od->realfile = NULL;
+		od->is_real = false;
+	}
+}
+
+static int ovl_dir_mark_whiteouts(struct ovl_readdir_data *rdd)
+{
+	struct ovl_cache_entry *p;
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+	const struct cred *old_cred;
+	struct cred *override_cred;
+
+	override_cred = prepare_creds();
+	if (!override_cred) {
+		ovl_cache_free(rdd->list);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * CAP_SYS_ADMIN for getxattr
+	 * CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE for lookup
+	 */
+	cap_raise(override_cred->cap_effective, CAP_SYS_ADMIN);
+	cap_raise(override_cred->cap_effective, CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE);
+	old_cred = override_creds(override_cred);
+
+	mutex_lock(&rdd->dir->d_inode->i_mutex);
+	list_for_each_entry(p, rdd->list, l_node) {
+		if (p->type != DT_LNK)
+			continue;
+
+		dentry = lookup_one_len(p->name, rdd->dir, p->len);
+		if (IS_ERR(dentry))
+			continue;
+
+		p->is_whiteout = ovl_is_whiteout(dentry);
+		dput(dentry);
+	}
+	mutex_unlock(&rdd->dir->d_inode->i_mutex);
+
+	revert_creds(old_cred);
+	put_cred(override_cred);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static inline int ovl_dir_read_merged(struct path *upperpath,
+				      struct path *lowerpath,
+				      struct ovl_readdir_data *rdd)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct rb_root root = RB_ROOT;
+	struct list_head middle;
+
+	rdd->root = &root;
+	if (upperpath->dentry) {
+		rdd->dir = upperpath->dentry;
+		err = ovl_dir_read(upperpath, rdd, ovl_fill_upper);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		err = ovl_dir_mark_whiteouts(rdd);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+	}
+	/*
+	 * Insert lowerpath entries before upperpath ones, this allows
+	 * offsets to be reasonably constant
+	 */
+	list_add(&middle, rdd->list);
+	rdd->middle = &middle;
+	err = ovl_dir_read(lowerpath, rdd, ovl_fill_lower);
+	list_del(&middle);
+out:
+	rdd->root = NULL;
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static void ovl_seek_cursor(struct ovl_dir_file *od, loff_t pos)
+{
+	struct list_head *l;
+	loff_t off;
+
+	l = od->cache.next;
+	for (off = 0; off < pos; off++) {
+		if (l == &od->cache)
+			break;
+		l = l->next;
+	}
+	list_move_tail(&od->cursor, l);
+}
+
+static int ovl_readdir(struct file *file, void *buf, filldir_t filler)
+{
+	struct ovl_dir_file *od = file->private_data;
+	int res;
+
+	if (!file->f_pos)
+		ovl_dir_reset(file);
+
+	if (od->is_real) {
+		res = vfs_readdir(od->realfile, filler, buf);
+		file->f_pos = od->realfile->f_pos;
+
+		return res;
+	}
+
+	if (!od->is_cached) {
+		struct path lowerpath;
+		struct path upperpath;
+		struct ovl_readdir_data rdd = { .list = &od->cache };
+
+		ovl_path_lower(file->f_path.dentry, &lowerpath);
+		ovl_path_upper(file->f_path.dentry, &upperpath);
+
+		res = ovl_dir_read_merged(&upperpath, &lowerpath, &rdd);
+		if (res) {
+			ovl_cache_free(rdd.list);
+			return res;
+		}
+
+		od->cache_version = ovl_dentry_version_get(file->f_path.dentry);
+		od->is_cached = true;
+
+		ovl_seek_cursor(od, file->f_pos);
+	}
+
+	while (od->cursor.next != &od->cache) {
+		int over;
+		loff_t off;
+		struct ovl_cache_entry *p;
+
+		p = list_entry(od->cursor.next, struct ovl_cache_entry, l_node);
+		off = file->f_pos;
+		if (!p->is_whiteout) {
+			over = filler(buf, p->name, p->len, off, p->ino,
+				      p->type);
+			if (over)
+				break;
+		}
+		file->f_pos++;
+		list_move(&od->cursor, &p->l_node);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static loff_t ovl_dir_llseek(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int origin)
+{
+	loff_t res;
+	struct ovl_dir_file *od = file->private_data;
+
+	mutex_lock(&file->f_dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
+	if (!file->f_pos)
+		ovl_dir_reset(file);
+
+	if (od->is_real) {
+		res = vfs_llseek(od->realfile, offset, origin);
+		file->f_pos = od->realfile->f_pos;
+	} else {
+		res = -EINVAL;
+
+		switch (origin) {
+		case SEEK_CUR:
+			offset += file->f_pos;
+			break;
+		case SEEK_SET:
+			break;
+		default:
+			goto out_unlock;
+		}
+		if (offset < 0)
+			goto out_unlock;
+
+		if (offset != file->f_pos) {
+			file->f_pos = offset;
+			if (od->is_cached)
+				ovl_seek_cursor(od, offset);
+		}
+		res = offset;
+	}
+out_unlock:
+	mutex_unlock(&file->f_dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
+
+	return res;
+}
+
+static int ovl_dir_fsync(struct file *file, loff_t start, loff_t end,
+			 int datasync)
+{
+	struct ovl_dir_file *od = file->private_data;
+
+	/* May need to reopen directory if it got copied up */
+	if (!od->realfile) {
+		struct path upperpath;
+
+		ovl_path_upper(file->f_path.dentry, &upperpath);
+		od->realfile = ovl_path_open(&upperpath, O_RDONLY);
+		if (IS_ERR(od->realfile))
+			return PTR_ERR(od->realfile);
+	}
+
+	return vfs_fsync_range(od->realfile, start, end, datasync);
+}
+
+static int ovl_dir_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+{
+	struct ovl_dir_file *od = file->private_data;
+
+	list_del(&od->cursor);
+	ovl_cache_free(&od->cache);
+	if (od->realfile)
+		fput(od->realfile);
+	kfree(od);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int ovl_dir_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+{
+	struct path realpath;
+	struct file *realfile;
+	struct ovl_dir_file *od;
+	enum ovl_path_type type;
+
+	od = kzalloc(sizeof(struct ovl_dir_file), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!od)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	type = ovl_path_real(file->f_path.dentry, &realpath);
+	realfile = ovl_path_open(&realpath, file->f_flags);
+	if (IS_ERR(realfile)) {
+		kfree(od);
+		return PTR_ERR(realfile);
+	}
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&od->cache);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&od->cursor);
+	od->is_cached = false;
+	od->realfile = realfile;
+	od->is_real = (type != OVL_PATH_MERGE);
+	file->private_data = od;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+const struct file_operations ovl_dir_operations = {
+	.read		= generic_read_dir,
+	.open		= ovl_dir_open,
+	.readdir	= ovl_readdir,
+	.llseek		= ovl_dir_llseek,
+	.fsync		= ovl_dir_fsync,
+	.release	= ovl_dir_release,
+};
+
+static int ovl_check_empty_dir(struct dentry *dentry, struct list_head *list)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct path lowerpath;
+	struct path upperpath;
+	struct ovl_cache_entry *p;
+	struct ovl_readdir_data rdd = { .list = list };
+
+	ovl_path_upper(dentry, &upperpath);
+	ovl_path_lower(dentry, &lowerpath);
+
+	err = ovl_dir_read_merged(&upperpath, &lowerpath, &rdd);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	err = 0;
+
+	list_for_each_entry(p, list, l_node) {
+		if (p->is_whiteout)
+			continue;
+
+		if (p->name[0] == '.') {
+			if (p->len == 1)
+				continue;
+			if (p->len == 2 && p->name[1] == '.')
+				continue;
+		}
+		err = -ENOTEMPTY;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int ovl_remove_whiteouts(struct dentry *dir, struct list_head *list)
+{
+	struct path upperpath;
+	struct dentry *upperdir;
+	struct ovl_cache_entry *p;
+	const struct cred *old_cred;
+	struct cred *override_cred;
+	int err;
+
+	ovl_path_upper(dir, &upperpath);
+	upperdir = upperpath.dentry;
+
+	override_cred = prepare_creds();
+	if (!override_cred)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	/*
+	 * CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE for lookup and unlink
+	 * CAP_SYS_ADMIN for setxattr of "trusted" namespace
+	 * CAP_FOWNER for unlink in sticky directory
+	 */
+	cap_raise(override_cred->cap_effective, CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE);
+	cap_raise(override_cred->cap_effective, CAP_SYS_ADMIN);
+	cap_raise(override_cred->cap_effective, CAP_FOWNER);
+	old_cred = override_creds(override_cred);
+
+	err = vfs_setxattr(upperdir, ovl_opaque_xattr, "y", 1, 0);
+	if (err)
+		goto out_revert_creds;
+
+	mutex_lock_nested(&upperdir->d_inode->i_mutex, I_MUTEX_PARENT);
+	list_for_each_entry(p, list, l_node) {
+		struct dentry *dentry;
+		int ret;
+
+		if (!p->is_whiteout)
+			continue;
+
+		dentry = lookup_one_len(p->name, upperdir, p->len);
+		if (IS_ERR(dentry)) {
+			printk(KERN_WARNING
+			    "overlayfs: failed to lookup whiteout %.*s: %li\n",
+			    p->len, p->name, PTR_ERR(dentry));
+			continue;
+		}
+		ret = vfs_unlink(upperdir->d_inode, dentry);
+		dput(dentry);
+		if (ret)
+			printk(KERN_WARNING
+			    "overlayfs: failed to unlink whiteout %.*s: %i\n",
+			    p->len, p->name, ret);
+	}
+	mutex_unlock(&upperdir->d_inode->i_mutex);
+
+out_revert_creds:
+	revert_creds(old_cred);
+	put_cred(override_cred);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+int ovl_check_empty_and_clear(struct dentry *dentry, enum ovl_path_type type)
+{
+	int err;
+	LIST_HEAD(list);
+
+	err = ovl_check_empty_dir(dentry, &list);
+	if (!err && type == OVL_PATH_MERGE)
+		err = ovl_remove_whiteouts(dentry, &list);
+
+	ovl_cache_free(&list);
+
+	return err;
+}
diff --git a/fs/overlayfs/super.c b/fs/overlayfs/super.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1d2d1e273696
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/overlayfs/super.c
@@ -0,0 +1,664 @@
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 Novell Inc.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/namei.h>
+#include <linux/xattr.h>
+#include <linux/security.h>
+#include <linux/mount.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/parser.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/cred.h>
+#include <linux/sched.h>
+#include <linux/seq_file.h>
+#include "overlayfs.h"
+
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>");
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Overlay filesystem");
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
+
+struct ovl_config {
+	char *lowerdir;
+	char *upperdir;
+};
+
+/* private information held for overlayfs's superblock */
+struct ovl_fs {
+	struct vfsmount *upper_mnt;
+	struct vfsmount *lower_mnt;
+	/* pathnames of lower and upper dirs, for show_options */
+	struct ovl_config config;
+};
+
+/* private information held for every overlayfs dentry */
+struct ovl_entry {
+	/*
+	 * Keep "double reference" on upper dentries, so that
+	 * d_delete() doesn't think it's OK to reset d_inode to NULL.
+	 */
+	struct dentry *__upperdentry;
+	struct dentry *lowerdentry;
+	union {
+		struct {
+			u64 version;
+			bool opaque;
+		};
+		struct rcu_head rcu;
+	};
+};
+
+const char *ovl_whiteout_xattr = "trusted.overlay.whiteout";
+const char *ovl_opaque_xattr = "trusted.overlay.opaque";
+
+
+enum ovl_path_type ovl_path_type(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	struct ovl_entry *oe = dentry->d_fsdata;
+
+	if (oe->__upperdentry) {
+		if (oe->lowerdentry && S_ISDIR(dentry->d_inode->i_mode))
+			return OVL_PATH_MERGE;
+		else
+			return OVL_PATH_UPPER;
+	} else {
+		return OVL_PATH_LOWER;
+	}
+}
+
+static struct dentry *ovl_upperdentry_dereference(struct ovl_entry *oe)
+{
+	struct dentry *upperdentry = ACCESS_ONCE(oe->__upperdentry);
+	smp_read_barrier_depends();
+	return upperdentry;
+}
+
+void ovl_path_upper(struct dentry *dentry, struct path *path)
+{
+	struct ovl_fs *ofs = dentry->d_sb->s_fs_info;
+	struct ovl_entry *oe = dentry->d_fsdata;
+
+	path->mnt = ofs->upper_mnt;
+	path->dentry = ovl_upperdentry_dereference(oe);
+}
+
+void ovl_path_lower(struct dentry *dentry, struct path *path)
+{
+	struct ovl_fs *ofs = dentry->d_sb->s_fs_info;
+	struct ovl_entry *oe = dentry->d_fsdata;
+
+	path->mnt = ofs->lower_mnt;
+	path->dentry = oe->lowerdentry;
+}
+
+enum ovl_path_type ovl_path_real(struct dentry *dentry, struct path *path)
+{
+
+	enum ovl_path_type type = ovl_path_type(dentry);
+
+	if (type == OVL_PATH_LOWER)
+		ovl_path_lower(dentry, path);
+	else
+		ovl_path_upper(dentry, path);
+
+	return type;
+}
+
+struct dentry *ovl_dentry_upper(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	struct ovl_entry *oe = dentry->d_fsdata;
+
+	return ovl_upperdentry_dereference(oe);
+}
+
+struct dentry *ovl_dentry_lower(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	struct ovl_entry *oe = dentry->d_fsdata;
+
+	return oe->lowerdentry;
+}
+
+struct dentry *ovl_dentry_real(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	struct ovl_entry *oe = dentry->d_fsdata;
+	struct dentry *realdentry;
+
+	realdentry = ovl_upperdentry_dereference(oe);
+	if (!realdentry)
+		realdentry = oe->lowerdentry;
+
+	return realdentry;
+}
+
+struct dentry *ovl_entry_real(struct ovl_entry *oe, bool *is_upper)
+{
+	struct dentry *realdentry;
+
+	realdentry = ovl_upperdentry_dereference(oe);
+	if (realdentry) {
+		*is_upper = true;
+	} else {
+		realdentry = oe->lowerdentry;
+		*is_upper = false;
+	}
+	return realdentry;
+}
+
+bool ovl_dentry_is_opaque(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	struct ovl_entry *oe = dentry->d_fsdata;
+	return oe->opaque;
+}
+
+void ovl_dentry_set_opaque(struct dentry *dentry, bool opaque)
+{
+	struct ovl_entry *oe = dentry->d_fsdata;
+	oe->opaque = opaque;
+}
+
+void ovl_dentry_update(struct dentry *dentry, struct dentry *upperdentry)
+{
+	struct ovl_entry *oe = dentry->d_fsdata;
+
+	WARN_ON(!mutex_is_locked(&upperdentry->d_parent->d_inode->i_mutex));
+	WARN_ON(oe->__upperdentry);
+	BUG_ON(!upperdentry->d_inode);
+	smp_wmb();
+	oe->__upperdentry = dget(upperdentry);
+}
+
+void ovl_dentry_version_inc(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	struct ovl_entry *oe = dentry->d_fsdata;
+
+	WARN_ON(!mutex_is_locked(&dentry->d_inode->i_mutex));
+	oe->version++;
+}
+
+u64 ovl_dentry_version_get(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	struct ovl_entry *oe = dentry->d_fsdata;
+
+	WARN_ON(!mutex_is_locked(&dentry->d_inode->i_mutex));
+	return oe->version;
+}
+
+bool ovl_is_whiteout(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	int res;
+	char val;
+
+	if (!dentry)
+		return false;
+	if (!dentry->d_inode)
+		return false;
+	if (!S_ISLNK(dentry->d_inode->i_mode))
+		return false;
+
+	res = vfs_getxattr(dentry, ovl_whiteout_xattr, &val, 1);
+	if (res == 1 && val == 'y')
+		return true;
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+static bool ovl_is_opaquedir(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	int res;
+	char val;
+
+	if (!S_ISDIR(dentry->d_inode->i_mode))
+		return false;
+
+	res = vfs_getxattr(dentry, ovl_opaque_xattr, &val, 1);
+	if (res == 1 && val == 'y')
+		return true;
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+static void ovl_entry_free(struct rcu_head *head)
+{
+	struct ovl_entry *oe = container_of(head, struct ovl_entry, rcu);
+	kfree(oe);
+}
+
+static void ovl_dentry_release(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	struct ovl_entry *oe = dentry->d_fsdata;
+
+	if (oe) {
+		dput(oe->__upperdentry);
+		dput(oe->__upperdentry);
+		dput(oe->lowerdentry);
+		call_rcu(&oe->rcu, ovl_entry_free);
+	}
+}
+
+const struct dentry_operations ovl_dentry_operations = {
+	.d_release = ovl_dentry_release,
+};
+
+static struct ovl_entry *ovl_alloc_entry(void)
+{
+	return kzalloc(sizeof(struct ovl_entry), GFP_KERNEL);
+}
+
+static inline struct dentry *ovl_lookup_real(struct dentry *dir,
+					     struct qstr *name)
+{
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+
+	mutex_lock(&dir->d_inode->i_mutex);
+	dentry = lookup_one_len(name->name, dir, name->len);
+	mutex_unlock(&dir->d_inode->i_mutex);
+
+	if (IS_ERR(dentry)) {
+		if (PTR_ERR(dentry) == -ENOENT)
+			dentry = NULL;
+	} else if (!dentry->d_inode) {
+		dput(dentry);
+		dentry = NULL;
+	}
+	return dentry;
+}
+
+static int ovl_do_lookup(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	struct ovl_entry *oe;
+	struct dentry *upperdir;
+	struct dentry *lowerdir;
+	struct dentry *upperdentry = NULL;
+	struct dentry *lowerdentry = NULL;
+	struct inode *inode = NULL;
+	int err;
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	oe = ovl_alloc_entry();
+	if (!oe)
+		goto out;
+
+	upperdir = ovl_dentry_upper(dentry->d_parent);
+	lowerdir = ovl_dentry_lower(dentry->d_parent);
+
+	if (upperdir) {
+		upperdentry = ovl_lookup_real(upperdir, &dentry->d_name);
+		err = PTR_ERR(upperdentry);
+		if (IS_ERR(upperdentry))
+			goto out_put_dir;
+
+		if (lowerdir && upperdentry &&
+		    (S_ISLNK(upperdentry->d_inode->i_mode) ||
+		     S_ISDIR(upperdentry->d_inode->i_mode))) {
+			const struct cred *old_cred;
+			struct cred *override_cred;
+
+			err = -ENOMEM;
+			override_cred = prepare_creds();
+			if (!override_cred)
+				goto out_dput_upper;
+
+			/* CAP_SYS_ADMIN needed for getxattr */
+			cap_raise(override_cred->cap_effective, CAP_SYS_ADMIN);
+			old_cred = override_creds(override_cred);
+
+			if (ovl_is_opaquedir(upperdentry)) {
+				oe->opaque = true;
+			} else if (ovl_is_whiteout(upperdentry)) {
+				dput(upperdentry);
+				upperdentry = NULL;
+				oe->opaque = true;
+			}
+			revert_creds(old_cred);
+			put_cred(override_cred);
+		}
+	}
+	if (lowerdir && !oe->opaque) {
+		lowerdentry = ovl_lookup_real(lowerdir, &dentry->d_name);
+		err = PTR_ERR(lowerdentry);
+		if (IS_ERR(lowerdentry))
+			goto out_dput_upper;
+	}
+
+	if (lowerdentry && upperdentry &&
+	    (!S_ISDIR(upperdentry->d_inode->i_mode) ||
+	     !S_ISDIR(lowerdentry->d_inode->i_mode))) {
+		dput(lowerdentry);
+		lowerdentry = NULL;
+		oe->opaque = true;
+	}
+
+	if (lowerdentry || upperdentry) {
+		struct dentry *realdentry;
+
+		realdentry = upperdentry ? upperdentry : lowerdentry;
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		inode = ovl_new_inode(dentry->d_sb, realdentry->d_inode->i_mode,
+				      oe);
+		if (!inode)
+			goto out_dput;
+	}
+
+	if (upperdentry)
+		oe->__upperdentry = dget(upperdentry);
+
+	if (lowerdentry)
+		oe->lowerdentry = lowerdentry;
+
+	dentry->d_fsdata = oe;
+	dentry->d_op = &ovl_dentry_operations;
+	d_add(dentry, inode);
+
+	return 0;
+
+out_dput:
+	dput(lowerdentry);
+out_dput_upper:
+	dput(upperdentry);
+out_put_dir:
+	kfree(oe);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+struct dentry *ovl_lookup(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry,
+			  struct nameidata *nd)
+{
+	int err = ovl_do_lookup(dentry);
+
+	if (err)
+		return ERR_PTR(err);
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+struct file *ovl_path_open(struct path *path, int flags)
+{
+	path_get(path);
+	return dentry_open(path->dentry, path->mnt, flags, current_cred());
+}
+
+static void ovl_put_super(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	struct ovl_fs *ufs = sb->s_fs_info;
+
+	if (!(sb->s_flags & MS_RDONLY))
+		mnt_drop_write(ufs->upper_mnt);
+
+	mntput(ufs->upper_mnt);
+	mntput(ufs->lower_mnt);
+
+	kfree(ufs->config.lowerdir);
+	kfree(ufs->config.upperdir);
+	kfree(ufs);
+}
+
+static int ovl_remount_fs(struct super_block *sb, int *flagsp, char *data)
+{
+	int flags = *flagsp;
+	struct ovl_fs *ufs = sb->s_fs_info;
+
+	/* When remounting rw or ro, we need to adjust the write access to the
+	 * upper fs.
+	 */
+	if (((flags ^ sb->s_flags) & MS_RDONLY) == 0)
+		/* No change to readonly status */
+		return 0;
+
+	if (flags & MS_RDONLY) {
+		mnt_drop_write(ufs->upper_mnt);
+		return 0;
+	} else
+		return mnt_want_write(ufs->upper_mnt);
+}
+
+/**
+ * ovl_statfs
+ * @sb: The overlayfs super block
+ * @buf: The struct kstatfs to fill in with stats
+ *
+ * Get the filesystem statistics.  As writes always target the upper layer
+ * filesystem pass the statfs to the same filesystem.
+ */
+static int ovl_statfs(struct dentry *dentry, struct kstatfs *buf)
+{
+	struct dentry *root_dentry = dentry->d_sb->s_root;
+	struct path path;
+	ovl_path_upper(root_dentry, &path);
+
+	if (!path.dentry->d_sb->s_op->statfs)
+		return -ENOSYS;
+	return path.dentry->d_sb->s_op->statfs(path.dentry, buf);
+}
+
+/**
+ * ovl_show_options
+ *
+ * Prints the mount options for a given superblock.
+ * Returns zero; does not fail.
+ */
+static int ovl_show_options(struct seq_file *m, struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	struct super_block *sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	struct ovl_fs *ufs = sb->s_fs_info;
+
+	seq_printf(m, ",lowerdir=%s", ufs->config.lowerdir);
+	seq_printf(m, ",upperdir=%s", ufs->config.upperdir);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static const struct super_operations ovl_super_operations = {
+	.put_super	= ovl_put_super,
+	.remount_fs	= ovl_remount_fs,
+	.statfs		= ovl_statfs,
+	.show_options	= ovl_show_options,
+};
+
+enum {
+	Opt_lowerdir,
+	Opt_upperdir,
+	Opt_err,
+};
+
+static const match_table_t ovl_tokens = {
+	{Opt_lowerdir,			"lowerdir=%s"},
+	{Opt_upperdir,			"upperdir=%s"},
+	{Opt_err,			NULL}
+};
+
+static int ovl_parse_opt(char *opt, struct ovl_config *config)
+{
+	char *p;
+
+	config->upperdir = NULL;
+	config->lowerdir = NULL;
+
+	while ((p = strsep(&opt, ",")) != NULL) {
+		int token;
+		substring_t args[MAX_OPT_ARGS];
+
+		if (!*p)
+			continue;
+
+		token = match_token(p, ovl_tokens, args);
+		switch (token) {
+		case Opt_upperdir:
+			kfree(config->upperdir);
+			config->upperdir = match_strdup(&args[0]);
+			if (!config->upperdir)
+				return -ENOMEM;
+			break;
+
+		case Opt_lowerdir:
+			kfree(config->lowerdir);
+			config->lowerdir = match_strdup(&args[0]);
+			if (!config->lowerdir)
+				return -ENOMEM;
+			break;
+
+		default:
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int ovl_fill_super(struct super_block *sb, void *data, int silent)
+{
+	struct path lowerpath;
+	struct path upperpath;
+	struct inode *root_inode;
+	struct dentry *root_dentry;
+	struct ovl_entry *oe;
+	struct ovl_fs *ufs;
+	int err;
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	ufs = kmalloc(sizeof(struct ovl_fs), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!ufs)
+		goto out;
+
+	err = ovl_parse_opt((char *) data, &ufs->config);
+	if (err)
+		goto out_free_ufs;
+
+	err = -EINVAL;
+	if (!ufs->config.upperdir || !ufs->config.lowerdir) {
+		printk(KERN_ERR "overlayfs: missing upperdir or lowerdir\n");
+		goto out_free_config;
+	}
+
+	oe = ovl_alloc_entry();
+	if (oe == NULL)
+		goto out_free_config;
+
+	err = kern_path(ufs->config.upperdir, LOOKUP_FOLLOW, &upperpath);
+	if (err)
+		goto out_free_oe;
+
+	err = kern_path(ufs->config.lowerdir, LOOKUP_FOLLOW, &lowerpath);
+	if (err)
+		goto out_put_upperpath;
+
+	err = -ENOTDIR;
+	if (!S_ISDIR(upperpath.dentry->d_inode->i_mode) ||
+	    !S_ISDIR(lowerpath.dentry->d_inode->i_mode))
+		goto out_put_lowerpath;
+
+	sb->s_stack_depth = max(upperpath.mnt->mnt_sb->s_stack_depth,
+				lowerpath.mnt->mnt_sb->s_stack_depth) + 1;
+
+	err = -EINVAL;
+	if (sb->s_stack_depth > FILESYSTEM_MAX_STACK_DEPTH) {
+		printk(KERN_ERR "overlayfs: maximum fs stacking depth exceeded\n");
+		goto out_put_lowerpath;
+	}
+
+
+	ufs->upper_mnt = clone_private_mount(&upperpath);
+	err = PTR_ERR(ufs->upper_mnt);
+	if (IS_ERR(ufs->upper_mnt)) {
+		printk(KERN_ERR "overlayfs: failed to clone upperpath\n");
+		goto out_put_lowerpath;
+	}
+
+	ufs->lower_mnt = clone_private_mount(&lowerpath);
+	err = PTR_ERR(ufs->lower_mnt);
+	if (IS_ERR(ufs->lower_mnt)) {
+		printk(KERN_ERR "overlayfs: failed to clone lowerpath\n");
+		goto out_put_upper_mnt;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Make lower_mnt R/O.  That way fchmod/fchown on lower file
+	 * will fail instead of modifying lower fs.
+	 */
+	ufs->lower_mnt->mnt_flags |= MNT_READONLY;
+
+	/* If the upper fs is r/o, we mark overlayfs r/o too */
+	if (ufs->upper_mnt->mnt_sb->s_flags & MS_RDONLY)
+		sb->s_flags |= MS_RDONLY;
+
+	if (!(sb->s_flags & MS_RDONLY)) {
+		err = mnt_want_write(ufs->upper_mnt);
+		if (err)
+			goto out_put_lower_mnt;
+	}
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	root_inode = ovl_new_inode(sb, S_IFDIR, oe);
+	if (!root_inode)
+		goto out_drop_write;
+
+	root_dentry = d_make_root(root_inode);
+	if (!root_dentry)
+		goto out_drop_write;
+
+	mntput(upperpath.mnt);
+	mntput(lowerpath.mnt);
+
+	oe->__upperdentry = dget(upperpath.dentry);
+	oe->lowerdentry = lowerpath.dentry;
+
+	root_dentry->d_fsdata = oe;
+	root_dentry->d_op = &ovl_dentry_operations;
+
+	sb->s_op = &ovl_super_operations;
+	sb->s_root = root_dentry;
+	sb->s_fs_info = ufs;
+
+	return 0;
+
+out_drop_write:
+	if (!(sb->s_flags & MS_RDONLY))
+		mnt_drop_write(ufs->upper_mnt);
+out_put_lower_mnt:
+	mntput(ufs->lower_mnt);
+out_put_upper_mnt:
+	mntput(ufs->upper_mnt);
+out_put_lowerpath:
+	path_put(&lowerpath);
+out_put_upperpath:
+	path_put(&upperpath);
+out_free_oe:
+	kfree(oe);
+out_free_config:
+	kfree(ufs->config.lowerdir);
+	kfree(ufs->config.upperdir);
+out_free_ufs:
+	kfree(ufs);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static struct dentry *ovl_mount(struct file_system_type *fs_type, int flags,
+				const char *dev_name, void *raw_data)
+{
+	return mount_nodev(fs_type, flags, raw_data, ovl_fill_super);
+}
+
+static struct file_system_type ovl_fs_type = {
+	.owner		= THIS_MODULE,
+	.name		= "overlayfs",
+	.mount		= ovl_mount,
+	.kill_sb	= kill_anon_super,
+};
+
+static int __init ovl_init(void)
+{
+	return register_filesystem(&ovl_fs_type);
+}
+
+static void __exit ovl_exit(void)
+{
+	unregister_filesystem(&ovl_fs_type);
+}
+
+module_init(ovl_init);
+module_exit(ovl_exit);
diff --git a/fs/proc/Makefile b/fs/proc/Makefile
index c1c729335924..cc68b63d572b 100644
--- a/fs/proc/Makefile
+++ b/fs/proc/Makefile
@@ -28,3 +28,4 @@ proc-$(CONFIG_PROC_VMCORE)	+= vmcore.o
 proc-$(CONFIG_PROC_DEVICETREE)	+= proc_devtree.o
 proc-$(CONFIG_PRINTK)	+= kmsg.o
 proc-$(CONFIG_PROC_PAGE_MONITOR)	+= page.o
+proc-y	+= version_signature.o
diff --git a/fs/proc/version_signature.c b/fs/proc/version_signature.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..859fb6092a6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/proc/version_signature.c
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
+#include <linux/seq_file.h>
+#include <linux/utsname.h>
+
+static int version_signature_proc_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
+{
+	seq_printf(m, "%s\n", CONFIG_VERSION_SIGNATURE);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int version_signature_proc_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+{
+	return single_open(file, version_signature_proc_show, NULL);
+}
+
+static const struct file_operations version_signature_proc_fops = {
+	.open		= version_signature_proc_open,
+	.read		= seq_read,
+	.llseek		= seq_lseek,
+	.release	= single_release,
+};
+
+static int __init proc_version_signature_init(void)
+{
+	proc_create("version_signature", 0, NULL, &version_signature_proc_fops);
+	return 0;
+}
+module_init(proc_version_signature_init);
diff --git a/fs/splice.c b/fs/splice.c
index c9f1318a3b82..ce525f34e1d6 100644
--- a/fs/splice.c
+++ b/fs/splice.c
@@ -1086,8 +1086,8 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(generic_splice_sendpage);
 /*
  * Attempt to initiate a splice from pipe to file.
  */
-static long do_splice_from(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct file *out,
-			   loff_t *ppos, size_t len, unsigned int flags)
+long do_splice_from(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct file *out,
+		    loff_t *ppos, size_t len, unsigned int flags)
 {
 	ssize_t (*splice_write)(struct pipe_inode_info *, struct file *,
 				loff_t *, size_t, unsigned int);
@@ -1110,13 +1110,14 @@ static long do_splice_from(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct file *out,
 
 	return splice_write(pipe, out, ppos, len, flags);
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(do_splice_from);
 
 /*
  * Attempt to initiate a splice from a file to a pipe.
  */
-static long do_splice_to(struct file *in, loff_t *ppos,
-			 struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, size_t len,
-			 unsigned int flags)
+long do_splice_to(struct file *in, loff_t *ppos,
+		  struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, size_t len,
+		  unsigned int flags)
 {
 	ssize_t (*splice_read)(struct file *, loff_t *,
 			       struct pipe_inode_info *, size_t, unsigned int);
@@ -1136,6 +1137,7 @@ static long do_splice_to(struct file *in, loff_t *ppos,
 
 	return splice_read(in, ppos, pipe, len, flags);
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(do_splice_to);
 
 /**
  * splice_direct_to_actor - splices data directly between two non-pipes
@@ -1301,6 +1303,7 @@ long do_splice_direct(struct file *in, loff_t *ppos, struct file *out,
 
 	return ret;
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(do_splice_direct);
 
 static int splice_pipe_to_pipe(struct pipe_inode_info *ipipe,
 			       struct pipe_inode_info *opipe,
diff --git a/include/Kbuild b/include/Kbuild
index 8d226bfa2696..fe36accd4328 100644
--- a/include/Kbuild
+++ b/include/Kbuild
@@ -9,4 +9,3 @@ header-y += rdma/
 header-y += video/
 header-y += drm/
 header-y += xen/
-header-y += scsi/
diff --git a/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h b/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h
index 4e2e1cc505ab..b5590e10b3a7 100644
--- a/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h
+++ b/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h
@@ -626,6 +626,7 @@
 		*(.initcallearly.init)					\
 		INIT_CALLS_LEVEL(0)					\
 		INIT_CALLS_LEVEL(1)					\
+		INIT_CALLS_LEVEL(earlyrootfs)				\
 		INIT_CALLS_LEVEL(2)					\
 		INIT_CALLS_LEVEL(3)					\
 		INIT_CALLS_LEVEL(4)					\
diff --git a/include/linux/audit.h b/include/linux/audit.h
index 22f292a917a3..4a2f0d6acfb4 100644
--- a/include/linux/audit.h
+++ b/include/linux/audit.h
@@ -510,8 +510,7 @@ void audit_core_dumps(long signr);
 
 static inline void audit_seccomp(unsigned long syscall, long signr, int code)
 {
-	if (unlikely(!audit_dummy_context()))
-		__audit_seccomp(syscall, signr, code);
+	__audit_seccomp(syscall, signr, code);
 }
 
 static inline void audit_ptrace(struct task_struct *t)
diff --git a/include/linux/fs.h b/include/linux/fs.h
index 17fd887c798f..e99bb48293d5 100644
--- a/include/linux/fs.h
+++ b/include/linux/fs.h
@@ -499,6 +499,12 @@ struct iattr {
  */
 #include <linux/quota.h>
 
+/*
+ * Maximum number of layers of fs stack.  Needs to be limited to
+ * prevent kernel stack overflow
+ */
+#define FILESYSTEM_MAX_STACK_DEPTH 2
+
 /** 
  * enum positive_aop_returns - aop return codes with specific semantics
  *
@@ -1542,6 +1548,11 @@ struct super_block {
 
 	/* Being remounted read-only */
 	int s_readonly_remount;
+
+	/*
+	 * Indicates how deep in a filesystem stack this SB is
+	 */
+	int s_stack_depth;
 };
 
 /* superblock cache pruning functions */
@@ -1693,6 +1704,8 @@ struct inode_operations {
 	int (*fiemap)(struct inode *, struct fiemap_extent_info *, u64 start,
 		      u64 len);
 	int (*update_time)(struct inode *, struct timespec *, int);
+	struct file *(*open) (struct dentry *, struct file *,
+			      const struct cred *);
 } ____cacheline_aligned;
 
 struct seq_file;
@@ -2057,6 +2070,7 @@ extern long do_sys_open(int dfd, const char __user *filename, int flags,
 extern struct file *filp_open(const char *, int, umode_t);
 extern struct file *file_open_root(struct dentry *, struct vfsmount *,
 				   const char *, int);
+extern struct file *vfs_open(struct path *, struct file *, const struct cred *);
 extern struct file * dentry_open(struct dentry *, struct vfsmount *, int,
 				 const struct cred *);
 extern int filp_close(struct file *, fl_owner_t id);
@@ -2249,6 +2263,7 @@ extern sector_t bmap(struct inode *, sector_t);
 #endif
 extern int notify_change(struct dentry *, struct iattr *);
 extern int inode_permission(struct inode *, int);
+extern int inode_only_permission(struct inode *, int);
 extern int generic_permission(struct inode *, int);
 
 static inline bool execute_ok(struct inode *inode)
diff --git a/include/linux/init.h b/include/linux/init.h
index 6b951095a42f..bc7379f6625f 100644
--- a/include/linux/init.h
+++ b/include/linux/init.h
@@ -196,6 +196,7 @@ extern bool initcall_debug;
 
 #define core_initcall(fn)		__define_initcall("1",fn,1)
 #define core_initcall_sync(fn)		__define_initcall("1s",fn,1s)
+#define earlyrootfs_initcall(fn)	__define_initcall("earlyrootfs",fn,rootfs)
 #define postcore_initcall(fn)		__define_initcall("2",fn,2)
 #define postcore_initcall_sync(fn)	__define_initcall("2s",fn,2s)
 #define arch_initcall(fn)		__define_initcall("3",fn,3)
diff --git a/include/linux/kd.h b/include/linux/kd.h
index c36d8476db55..5cc3c171d5b9 100644
--- a/include/linux/kd.h
+++ b/include/linux/kd.h
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ struct consolefontdesc {
 #define		KD_GRAPHICS	0x01
 #define		KD_TEXT0	0x02	/* obsolete */
 #define		KD_TEXT1	0x03	/* obsolete */
+#define		KD_TRANSPARENT	0x04
 #define KDGETMODE	0x4B3B	/* get current mode */
 
 #define KDMAPDISP	0x4B3C	/* map display into address space */
diff --git a/include/linux/kmod.h b/include/linux/kmod.h
index 5398d5807075..6f571b1be39e 100644
--- a/include/linux/kmod.h
+++ b/include/linux/kmod.h
@@ -71,6 +71,8 @@ call_usermodehelper_fns(char *path, char **argv, char **envp, int wait,
 			int (*init)(struct subprocess_info *info, struct cred *new),
 			void (*cleanup)(struct subprocess_info *), void *data);
 
+void populate_rootfs_wait(void);
+
 static inline int
 call_usermodehelper(char *path, char **argv, char **envp, int wait)
 {
diff --git a/include/linux/moduleparam.h b/include/linux/moduleparam.h
index d6a58065c09c..66cbc87d7636 100644
--- a/include/linux/moduleparam.h
+++ b/include/linux/moduleparam.h
@@ -320,8 +320,8 @@ extern int parse_args(const char *name,
 		      unsigned num,
 		      s16 level_min,
 		      s16 level_max,
-		      int (*unknown)(char *param, char *val,
-			      const char *doing));
+		      int (*handle)(char *param, char *val,
+			      const char *doing, int known));
 
 /* Called by module remove. */
 #ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS
diff --git a/include/linux/mount.h b/include/linux/mount.h
index d7029f4a191a..344a2623eb2a 100644
--- a/include/linux/mount.h
+++ b/include/linux/mount.h
@@ -66,6 +66,9 @@ extern void mnt_pin(struct vfsmount *mnt);
 extern void mnt_unpin(struct vfsmount *mnt);
 extern int __mnt_is_readonly(struct vfsmount *mnt);
 
+struct path;
+extern struct vfsmount *clone_private_mount(struct path *path);
+
 struct file_system_type;
 extern struct vfsmount *vfs_kern_mount(struct file_system_type *type,
 				      int flags, const char *name,
diff --git a/include/linux/namei.h b/include/linux/namei.h
index ffc02135c483..ef35a3198c94 100644
--- a/include/linux/namei.h
+++ b/include/linux/namei.h
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ extern int vfs_path_lookup(struct dentry *, struct vfsmount *,
 extern struct file *lookup_instantiate_filp(struct nameidata *nd, struct dentry *dentry,
 		int (*open)(struct inode *, struct file *));
 
+extern struct dentry *lookup_hash(struct nameidata *nd);
 extern struct dentry *lookup_one_len(const char *, struct dentry *, int);
 
 extern int follow_down_one(struct path *);
diff --git a/include/linux/page-flags.h b/include/linux/page-flags.h
index c88d2a9451af..3610ab7659f9 100644
--- a/include/linux/page-flags.h
+++ b/include/linux/page-flags.h
@@ -108,6 +108,7 @@ enum pageflags {
 #ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
 	PG_compound_lock,
 #endif
+	PG_readaheadunused,	/* user oriented readahead as yet unused*/
 	__NR_PAGEFLAGS,
 
 	/* Filesystems */
@@ -231,6 +232,8 @@ PAGEFLAG(MappedToDisk, mappedtodisk)
 PAGEFLAG(Reclaim, reclaim) TESTCLEARFLAG(Reclaim, reclaim)
 PAGEFLAG(Readahead, reclaim)		/* Reminder to do async read-ahead */
 
+PAGEFLAG(ReadaheadUnused, readaheadunused)
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
 /*
  * Must use a macro here due to header dependency issues. page_zone() is not
diff --git a/include/linux/screen_info.h b/include/linux/screen_info.h
index 899fbb487c94..e699dd416f91 100644
--- a/include/linux/screen_info.h
+++ b/include/linux/screen_info.h
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ struct screen_info {
 #define VIDEO_TYPE_EFI		0x70	/* EFI graphic mode		*/
 
 #define VIDEO_FLAGS_NOCURSOR	(1 << 0) /* The video mode has no cursor set */
+#define VIDEO_FLAGS_HANDOFF	(1 << 1) /* Video buffer is alredy painted */
 
 #ifdef __KERNEL__
 extern struct screen_info screen_info;
diff --git a/include/linux/security.h b/include/linux/security.h
index 4e5a73cdbbef..6ae2a7f42cac 100644
--- a/include/linux/security.h
+++ b/include/linux/security.h
@@ -3023,5 +3023,47 @@ static inline void free_secdata(void *secdata)
 { }
 #endif /* CONFIG_SECURITY */
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY_YAMA
+extern int yama_ptrace_access_check(struct task_struct *child,
+				    unsigned int mode);
+extern int yama_path_link(struct dentry *old_dentry, struct path *new_dir,
+			  struct dentry *new_dentry);
+extern int yama_inode_follow_link(struct dentry *dentry,
+				  struct nameidata *nameidata);
+extern void yama_task_free(struct task_struct *task);
+extern int yama_task_prctl(int option, unsigned long arg2, unsigned long arg3,
+			   unsigned long arg4, unsigned long arg5);
+#else
+static inline int yama_ptrace_access_check(struct task_struct *child,
+					   unsigned int mode)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static inline int yama_path_link(struct dentry *old_dentry,
+				 struct path *new_dir,
+				 struct dentry *new_dentry)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static inline int yama_inode_follow_link(struct dentry *dentry,
+					 struct nameidata *nameidata)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static inline void yama_task_free(struct task_struct *task)
+{
+}
+
+static inline int yama_task_prctl(int option, unsigned long arg2,
+				  unsigned long arg3, unsigned long arg4,
+				  unsigned long arg5)
+{
+	return -ENOSYS;
+}
+#endif /* CONFIG_SECURITY_YAMA */
+
 #endif /* ! __LINUX_SECURITY_H */
 
diff --git a/include/linux/splice.h b/include/linux/splice.h
index 26e5b613deda..3ffef2fe0fd2 100644
--- a/include/linux/splice.h
+++ b/include/linux/splice.h
@@ -91,4 +91,10 @@ extern void splice_shrink_spd(struct pipe_inode_info *,
 extern void spd_release_page(struct splice_pipe_desc *, unsigned int);
 
 extern const struct pipe_buf_operations page_cache_pipe_buf_ops;
+
+extern long do_splice_from(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct file *out,
+			   loff_t *ppos, size_t len, unsigned int flags);
+extern long do_splice_to(struct file *in, loff_t *ppos,
+			 struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, size_t len,
+			 unsigned int flags);
 #endif
diff --git a/include/linux/vt_kern.h b/include/linux/vt_kern.h
index 50ae7d0c279e..8f227f735b2f 100644
--- a/include/linux/vt_kern.h
+++ b/include/linux/vt_kern.h
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ int con_copy_unimap(struct vc_data *dst_vc, struct vc_data *src_vc)
 void vt_event_post(unsigned int event, unsigned int old, unsigned int new);
 int vt_waitactive(int n);
 void change_console(struct vc_data *new_vc);
-void reset_vc(struct vc_data *vc);
+void reset_vc(struct vc_data *vc, int mode);
 extern int unbind_con_driver(const struct consw *csw, int first, int last,
 			     int deflt);
 int vty_init(const struct file_operations *console_fops);
diff --git a/include/scsi/Kbuild b/include/scsi/Kbuild
deleted file mode 100644
index f2b94918994d..000000000000
--- a/include/scsi/Kbuild
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-header-y += scsi_netlink.h
-header-y += scsi_netlink_fc.h
-header-y += scsi_bsg_fc.h
-header-y += fc/
diff --git a/include/trace/events/fs.h b/include/trace/events/fs.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2cbb8fed1ae6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/trace/events/fs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#undef TRACE_SYSTEM
+#define TRACE_SYSTEM fs
+
+#if !defined(_TRACE_FS_H) || defined(TRACE_HEADER_MULTI_READ)
+#define _TRACE_FS_H
+
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/tracepoint.h>
+
+TRACE_EVENT(do_sys_open,
+
+	TP_PROTO(char *filename, int flags, int mode),
+
+	TP_ARGS(filename, flags, mode),
+
+	TP_STRUCT__entry(
+		__string(	filename, filename		)
+		__field(	int, flags			)
+		__field(	int, mode			)
+	),
+
+	TP_fast_assign(
+		__assign_str(filename, filename);
+		__entry->flags = flags;
+		__entry->mode = mode;
+	),
+
+	TP_printk("\"%s\" %x %o",
+		  __get_str(filename), __entry->flags, __entry->mode)
+);
+
+TRACE_EVENT(open_exec,
+
+	TP_PROTO(char *filename),
+
+	TP_ARGS(filename),
+
+	TP_STRUCT__entry(
+		__string(	filename, filename		)
+	),
+
+	TP_fast_assign(
+		__assign_str(filename, filename);
+	),
+
+	TP_printk("\"%s\"",
+		  __get_str(filename))
+);
+
+#endif /* _TRACE_FS_H */
+
+/* This part must be outside protection */
+#include <trace/define_trace.h>
diff --git a/include/trace/events/vfs.h b/include/trace/events/vfs.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..261112909819
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/trace/events/vfs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#undef TRACE_SYSTEM
+#define TRACE_SYSTEM vfs
+
+#include <linux/module.h>
+
+#if !defined(_TRACE_VFS_H) || defined(TRACE_HEADER_MULTI_READ)
+#define _TRACE_VFS_H
+
+/*
+ * Tracepoint for dirtying an inode:
+ */
+TRACE_EVENT(dirty_inode,
+
+	TP_PROTO(struct inode *inode, struct task_struct *task),
+
+	TP_ARGS(inode, task),
+
+	TP_STRUCT__entry(
+		__array( char,	comm,	TASK_COMM_LEN	)
+		__field( pid_t,	pid			)
+		__array( char,  dev,    16		)
+		__array( char,  file,   32		)
+	),
+
+	TP_fast_assign(
+		if (inode->i_ino || strcmp(inode->i_sb->s_id, "bdev")) {
+			struct dentry *dentry;
+			const char *name = "?";
+
+			dentry = d_find_alias(inode);
+			if (dentry) {
+				spin_lock(&dentry->d_lock);
+				name = (const char *) dentry->d_name.name;
+			}
+
+			memcpy(__entry->comm, task->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN);
+			__entry->pid = task->pid;
+			strlcpy(__entry->file, name, 32);
+			strlcpy(__entry->dev, inode->i_sb->s_id, 16);
+
+			if (dentry) {
+				spin_unlock(&dentry->d_lock);
+				dput(dentry);
+			}
+		}
+	),
+
+	TP_printk("task=%i (%s) file=%s dev=%s",
+		__entry->pid, __entry->comm, __entry->file, __entry->dev)
+);
+
+#endif /* _TRACE_VFS_H */
+
+/* This part must be outside protection */
+#include <trace/define_trace.h>
diff --git a/include/xen/interface/io/blkif.h b/include/xen/interface/io/blkif.h
index ee338bfde18b..31063bd1b691 100644
--- a/include/xen/interface/io/blkif.h
+++ b/include/xen/interface/io/blkif.h
@@ -168,6 +168,18 @@ struct blkif_response {
 
 DEFINE_RING_TYPES(blkif, struct blkif_request, struct blkif_response);
 
+/*
+ * Maximum number of pages used for a blkif ring
+ * max-ring-pages advertised by blkback to blkfront may be lowered at blkback
+ * mod load time.   Load time param set to default.
+ */
+#define BLKIF_MAX_NUM_RING_PAGES 16
+#define BLKIF_MAX_NUM_RING_PAGES_DFLT 4
+#if BLKIF_MAX_NUM_RING_PAGES < BLKIF_MAX_NUM_RING_PAGES_DFLT
+#undef BLKIF_MAX_NUM_RING_PAGES_DFLT
+#define BLKIF_MAX_NUM_RING_PAGES_DFLT BLKIF_MAX_NUM_RING_PAGES
+#endif
+
 #define VDISK_CDROM        0x1
 #define VDISK_REMOVABLE    0x2
 #define VDISK_READONLY     0x4
diff --git a/init/Kconfig b/init/Kconfig
index 7c329b6d4a13..6a6878189265 100644
--- a/init/Kconfig
+++ b/init/Kconfig
@@ -79,6 +79,13 @@ config INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
 	  Maximum of each of the number of arguments and environment
 	  variables passed to init from the kernel command line.
 
+config INIT_PASS_ALL_PARAMS
+	bool "Pass all (known and unknown) kernel parameters to init"
+	default n
+	help
+	  Pass all kernel command line parameters to init, this includes
+	  those consumed by kernel modules.  This is useful for upstart
+	  based systems.  If in doubt say N.
 
 config CROSS_COMPILE
 	string "Cross-compiler tool prefix"
@@ -214,6 +221,15 @@ config DEFAULT_HOSTNAME
 	  but you may wish to use a different default here to make a minimal
 	  system more usable with less configuration.
 
+config VERSION_SIGNATURE
+	string "Arbitrary version signature"
+	help
+	  This string will be created in a file, /proc/version_signature. It
+	  is useful in determining arbitrary data about your kernel. For instance,
+	  if you have several kernels of the same version, but need to keep track
+	  of a revision of the same kernel, but not affect it's ability to load
+	  compatible modules, this is the easiest way to do that.
+
 config SWAP
 	bool "Support for paging of anonymous memory (swap)"
 	depends on MMU && BLOCK
diff --git a/init/initramfs.c b/init/initramfs.c
index 84c6bf111300..a9ea4066e2ef 100644
--- a/init/initramfs.c
+++ b/init/initramfs.c
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 #include <linux/dirent.h>
 #include <linux/syscalls.h>
 #include <linux/utime.h>
+#include <linux/async.h>
+#include <linux/export.h>
 
 static __initdata char *message;
 static void __init error(char *x)
@@ -579,7 +581,15 @@ static void __init clean_rootfs(void)
 }
 #endif
 
-static int __init populate_rootfs(void)
+LIST_HEAD(populate_rootfs_domain);
+
+void populate_rootfs_wait(void)
+{
+	async_synchronize_full_domain(&populate_rootfs_domain);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(populate_rootfs_wait);
+
+static void __init async_populate_rootfs(void *data, async_cookie_t cookie)
 {
 	char *err = unpack_to_rootfs(__initramfs_start, __initramfs_size);
 	if (err)
@@ -592,7 +602,7 @@ static int __init populate_rootfs(void)
 			initrd_end - initrd_start);
 		if (!err) {
 			free_initrd();
-			return 0;
+			return;
 		} else {
 			clean_rootfs();
 			unpack_to_rootfs(__initramfs_start, __initramfs_size);
@@ -616,6 +626,27 @@ static int __init populate_rootfs(void)
 		free_initrd();
 #endif
 	}
+	return;
+}
+
+static int __initdata rootfs_populated;
+
+static int __init populate_rootfs_early(void)
+{
+	if (num_online_cpus() > 1) {
+		rootfs_populated = 1;
+		async_schedule_domain(async_populate_rootfs, NULL,
+						&populate_rootfs_domain);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+static int __init populate_rootfs(void)
+{
+	if (!rootfs_populated)
+		async_schedule_domain(async_populate_rootfs, NULL,
+						&populate_rootfs_domain);
 	return 0;
 }
+
+earlyrootfs_initcall(populate_rootfs_early);
 rootfs_initcall(populate_rootfs);
diff --git a/init/main.c b/init/main.c
index b5cc0a7c4708..d0c1cfeb6084 100644
--- a/init/main.c
+++ b/init/main.c
@@ -112,6 +112,11 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(system_state);
  */
 #define MAX_INIT_ARGS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
 #define MAX_INIT_ENVS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
+#ifdef CONFIG_INIT_PASS_ALL_PARAMS
+#define INIT_PASS_FUNCTION pass_all_bootoptions
+#else
+#define INIT_PASS_FUNCTION pass_unknown_bootoptions
+#endif
 
 extern void time_init(void);
 /* Default late time init is NULL. archs can override this later. */
@@ -199,7 +204,7 @@ static int __init debug_kernel(char *str)
 
 static int __init quiet_kernel(char *str)
 {
-	console_loglevel = 4;
+	console_loglevel = 2;
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -243,19 +248,20 @@ static int __init repair_env_string(char *param, char *val, const char *unused)
 }
 
 /*
- * Unknown boot options get handed to init, unless they look like
- * unused parameters (modprobe will find them in /proc/cmdline).
+ * Select boot options to hand to init.  If all is set hand off them all
+ * otherwise only hand off unused ones which do not apply to modules
+ * (modprobe will find them in /proc/cmdline).
  */
-static int __init unknown_bootoption(char *param, char *val, const char *unused)
+static int __init pass_bootoption(char *param, char *val, const char *unused, int all)
 {
 	repair_env_string(param, val, unused);
 
 	/* Handle obsolete-style parameters */
-	if (obsolete_checksetup(param))
+	if (obsolete_checksetup(param) && !all)
 		return 0;
 
 	/* Unused module parameter. */
-	if (strchr(param, '.') && (!val || strchr(param, '.') < val))
+	if (!all && strchr(param, '.') && (!val || strchr(param, '.') < val))
 		return 0;
 
 	if (panic_later)
@@ -286,6 +292,16 @@ static int __init unknown_bootoption(char *param, char *val, const char *unused)
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
+static int __init pass_unknown_bootoptions(char *param, char *val, const char *unused, int known)
+{
+	if (known)
+		return 0;
+	return pass_bootoption(param, val, unused, 0);
+}
+static int __init pass_all_bootoptions(char *param, char *val, const char *unused, int known)
+{
+	return pass_bootoption(param, val, unused, 1);
+}
 
 static int __init init_setup(char *str)
 {
@@ -385,10 +401,13 @@ static noinline void __init_refok rest_init(void)
 }
 
 /* Check for early params. */
-static int __init do_early_param(char *param, char *val, const char *unused)
+static int __init do_early_param(char *param, char *val, const char *unused, int known)
 {
 	const struct obs_kernel_param *p;
 
+	if (known)
+		return 0;
+
 	for (p = __setup_start; p < __setup_end; p++) {
 		if ((p->early && parameq(param, p->str)) ||
 		    (strcmp(param, "console") == 0 &&
@@ -508,7 +527,7 @@ asmlinkage void __init start_kernel(void)
 	parse_early_param();
 	parse_args("Booting kernel", static_command_line, __start___param,
 		   __stop___param - __start___param,
-		   -1, -1, &unknown_bootoption);
+		   -1, -1, &INIT_PASS_FUNCTION);
 
 	jump_label_init();
 
@@ -871,6 +890,12 @@ static int __init kernel_init(void * unused)
 	(void) sys_dup(0);
 	(void) sys_dup(0);
 	/*
+	 * We need to ensure that the filesystem is ready by this point, wait for
+	 * async_populate_rootfs to complete.
+	 */
+	populate_rootfs_wait();
+
+	/*
 	 * check if there is an early userspace init.  If yes, let it do all
 	 * the work
 	 */
diff --git a/init/noinitramfs.c b/init/noinitramfs.c
index 267739d85179..e0f648cad6e6 100644
--- a/init/noinitramfs.c
+++ b/init/noinitramfs.c
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
 #include <linux/kdev_t.h>
 #include <linux/syscalls.h>
 
+LIST_HEAD(populate_rootfs_domain);
+
 /*
  * Create a simple rootfs that is similar to the default initramfs
  */
diff --git a/init/version.c b/init/version.c
index 86fe0ccb997a..3a9433a39d2c 100644
--- a/init/version.c
+++ b/init/version.c
@@ -40,7 +40,11 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(init_uts_ns);
 /* FIXED STRINGS! Don't touch! */
 const char linux_banner[] =
 	"Linux version " UTS_RELEASE " (" LINUX_COMPILE_BY "@"
-	LINUX_COMPILE_HOST ") (" LINUX_COMPILER ") " UTS_VERSION "\n";
+	LINUX_COMPILE_HOST ") (" LINUX_COMPILER ") " UTS_VERSION
+#ifdef CONFIG_VERSION_SIGNATURE
+        " (" CONFIG_VERSION_SIGNATURE ")"
+#endif
+	"\n";
 
 const char linux_proc_banner[] =
 	"%s version %s"
diff --git a/kernel/kmod.c b/kernel/kmod.c
index ff2c7cb86d77..9d1b6b26dd96 100644
--- a/kernel/kmod.c
+++ b/kernel/kmod.c
@@ -585,6 +585,8 @@ int call_usermodehelper_fns(
 	struct subprocess_info *info;
 	gfp_t gfp_mask = (wait == UMH_NO_WAIT) ? GFP_ATOMIC : GFP_KERNEL;
 
+	populate_rootfs_wait();
+
 	info = call_usermodehelper_setup(path, argv, envp, gfp_mask);
 
 	if (info == NULL)
diff --git a/kernel/params.c b/kernel/params.c
index ed35345be536..8b8b3144793e 100644
--- a/kernel/params.c
+++ b/kernel/params.c
@@ -90,8 +90,8 @@ static int parse_one(char *param,
 		     unsigned num_params,
 		     s16 min_level,
 		     s16 max_level,
-		     int (*handle_unknown)(char *param, char *val,
-				     const char *doing))
+		     int (*handle_arg)(char *param, char *val,
+				     const char *doing, int known))
 {
 	unsigned int i;
 	int err;
@@ -106,6 +106,14 @@ static int parse_one(char *param,
 			if (!val && params[i].ops->set != param_set_bool
 			    && params[i].ops->set != param_set_bint)
 				return -EINVAL;
+			if (handle_arg) {
+				int ret;
+				pr_debug("Valid argument: calling %p\n",
+				       handle_arg);
+				ret = handle_arg(param, val, doing, 1);
+				if (ret)
+					return ret;
+			}
 			pr_debug("handling %s with %p\n", param,
 				params[i].ops->set);
 			mutex_lock(&param_lock);
@@ -115,9 +123,9 @@ static int parse_one(char *param,
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (handle_unknown) {
+	if (handle_arg) {
 		pr_debug("doing %s: %s='%s'\n", doing, param, val);
-		return handle_unknown(param, val, doing);
+		return handle_arg(param, val, doing, 0);
 	}
 
 	pr_debug("Unknown argument '%s'\n", param);
@@ -183,7 +191,7 @@ int parse_args(const char *doing,
 	       unsigned num,
 	       s16 min_level,
 	       s16 max_level,
-	       int (*unknown)(char *param, char *val, const char *doing))
+	       int (*handle_arg)(char *param, char *val, const char *doing, int arg))
 {
 	char *param, *val;
 
@@ -200,7 +208,7 @@ int parse_args(const char *doing,
 		args = next_arg(args, &param, &val);
 		irq_was_disabled = irqs_disabled();
 		ret = parse_one(param, val, doing, params, num,
-				min_level, max_level, unknown);
+				min_level, max_level, handle_arg);
 		if (irq_was_disabled && !irqs_disabled())
 			pr_warn("%s: option '%s' enabled irq's!\n",
 				doing, param);
diff --git a/mm/filemap.c b/mm/filemap.c
index a4a5260b0279..c97ce2627a8a 100644
--- a/mm/filemap.c
+++ b/mm/filemap.c
@@ -1304,6 +1304,9 @@ int file_read_actor(read_descriptor_t *desc, struct page *page,
 	if (size > count)
 		size = count;
 
+	if (PageReadaheadUnused(page))
+		ClearPageReadaheadUnused(page);
+
 	/*
 	 * Faults on the destination of a read are common, so do it before
 	 * taking the kmap.
diff --git a/mm/memory.c b/mm/memory.c
index 1b7dc662bf9f..fcee128452b0 100644
--- a/mm/memory.c
+++ b/mm/memory.c
@@ -3231,10 +3231,15 @@ static int __do_fault(struct mm_struct *mm, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 	else
 		VM_BUG_ON(!PageLocked(vmf.page));
 
+	page = vmf.page;
+
+	/* Mark the page as used on fault. */
+	if (PageReadaheadUnused(page))
+		ClearPageReadaheadUnused(page);
+
 	/*
 	 * Should we do an early C-O-W break?
 	 */
-	page = vmf.page;
 	if (flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE) {
 		if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED)) {
 			page = cow_page;
diff --git a/mm/mincore.c b/mm/mincore.c
index 936b4cee8cb1..7c2874a9a731 100644
--- a/mm/mincore.c
+++ b/mm/mincore.c
@@ -80,6 +80,8 @@ static unsigned char mincore_page(struct address_space *mapping, pgoff_t pgoff)
 #endif
 	if (page) {
 		present = PageUptodate(page);
+		if (present)
+			present |= (PageReadaheadUnused(page) << 7);
 		page_cache_release(page);
 	}
 
diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index bbfaa29232f1..e08dc611d74a 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -5971,6 +5971,7 @@ static const struct trace_print_flags pageflag_names[] = {
 #ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
 	{1UL << PG_compound_lock,	"compound_lock"	},
 #endif
+	{1UL << PG_readaheadunused,	"readaheadunused"},
 };
 
 static void dump_page_flags(unsigned long flags)
diff --git a/mm/readahead.c b/mm/readahead.c
index ea8f8fa21649..3de0a1975735 100644
--- a/mm/readahead.c
+++ b/mm/readahead.c
@@ -189,6 +189,7 @@ __do_page_cache_readahead(struct address_space *mapping, struct file *filp,
 		list_add(&page->lru, &page_pool);
 		if (page_idx == nr_to_read - lookahead_size)
 			SetPageReadahead(page);
+		SetPageReadaheadUnused(page);
 		ret++;
 	}
 
diff --git a/net/ipv6/addrconf.c b/net/ipv6/addrconf.c
index 8f6411c97189..246b533ad5a7 100644
--- a/net/ipv6/addrconf.c
+++ b/net/ipv6/addrconf.c
@@ -4360,6 +4360,84 @@ int addrconf_sysctl_disable(ctl_table *ctl, int write,
 	return ret;
 }
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_IPV6_PRIVACY
+static void dev_tempaddr_change(struct inet6_dev *idev)
+{
+	if (!idev || !idev->dev)
+		return;
+
+	if (!idev->cnf.disable_ipv6) {
+		/* If ipv6 is enabled, try to bring down and back up the
+		 * interface to get new temporary addresses created
+		 */
+		addrconf_notify(NULL, NETDEV_DOWN, idev->dev);
+		addrconf_notify(NULL, NETDEV_UP, idev->dev);
+	}
+}
+
+static void addrconf_tempaddr_change(struct net *net, __s32 newf)
+{
+	struct net_device *dev;
+	struct inet6_dev *idev;
+
+	rcu_read_lock();
+	for_each_netdev_rcu(net, dev) {
+		idev = __in6_dev_get(dev);
+		if (idev) {
+			int changed = (!idev->cnf.use_tempaddr) ^ (!newf);
+			idev->cnf.use_tempaddr = newf;
+			if (changed)
+				dev_tempaddr_change(idev);
+		}
+	}
+	rcu_read_unlock();
+}
+
+static int addrconf_use_tempaddr(struct ctl_table *table, int *p, int old)
+{
+	struct net *net;
+
+	net = (struct net *)table->extra2;
+
+	if (p == &net->ipv6.devconf_dflt->use_tempaddr)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!rtnl_trylock()) {
+		/* Restore the original values before restarting */
+		*p = old;
+		return restart_syscall();
+	}
+
+	if (p == &net->ipv6.devconf_all->use_tempaddr) {
+		__s32 newf = net->ipv6.devconf_all->use_tempaddr;
+		net->ipv6.devconf_dflt->use_tempaddr = newf;
+		addrconf_tempaddr_change(net, newf);
+	} else if ((!*p) ^ (!old))
+		dev_tempaddr_change((struct inet6_dev *)table->extra1);
+
+	rtnl_unlock();
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static
+int addrconf_sysctl_tempaddr(ctl_table *ctl, int write,
+			     void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
+{
+	int *valp = ctl->data;
+	int val = *valp;
+	loff_t pos = *ppos;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = proc_dointvec(ctl, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);
+
+	if (write)
+		ret = addrconf_use_tempaddr(ctl, valp, val);
+	if (ret)
+		*ppos = pos;
+	return ret;
+}
+#endif
+
 static struct addrconf_sysctl_table
 {
 	struct ctl_table_header *sysctl_header;
@@ -4450,7 +4528,7 @@ static struct addrconf_sysctl_table
 			.data		= &ipv6_devconf.use_tempaddr,
 			.maxlen		= sizeof(int),
 			.mode		= 0644,
-			.proc_handler	= proc_dointvec,
+			.proc_handler	= addrconf_sysctl_tempaddr,
 		},
 		{
 			.procname	= "temp_valid_lft",
diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.headersinst b/scripts/Makefile.headersinst
index d3bae5e7b601..2a3c1b79b862 100644
--- a/scripts/Makefile.headersinst
+++ b/scripts/Makefile.headersinst
@@ -55,9 +55,9 @@ printdir = $(patsubst $(INSTALL_HDR_PATH)/%/,%,$(dir $@))
 quiet_cmd_install = INSTALL $(printdir) ($(words $(all-files))\
                             file$(if $(word 2, $(all-files)),s))
       cmd_install = \
-        $(PERL) $< $(srctree)/$(obj) $(install) $(SRCARCH) $(header-y); \
-        $(PERL) $< $(objtree)/$(obj) $(install) $(SRCARCH) $(objhdr-y); \
-        $(PERL) $< $(objtree)/$(gen) $(install) $(SRCARCH) $(genhdr-y); \
+        $(PERL) $< $(srctree)/$(obj) $(install) $(SRCARCH) $(printdir) $(header-y); \
+        $(PERL) $< $(objtree)/$(obj) $(install) $(SRCARCH) $(printdir) $(objhdr-y); \
+        $(PERL) $< $(objtree)/$(gen) $(install) $(SRCARCH) $(printdir) $(genhdr-y); \
         for F in $(wrapper-files); do                                   \
                 echo "\#include <asm-generic/$$F>" > $(install)/$$F;    \
         done;                                                           \
diff --git a/scripts/headers_install.pl b/scripts/headers_install.pl
index 48462be328bb..9f56fc501168 100644
--- a/scripts/headers_install.pl
+++ b/scripts/headers_install.pl
@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@
 
 use strict;
 
-my ($readdir, $installdir, $arch, @files) = @ARGV;
+my ($readdir, $installdir, $arch, $printdir, @files) = @ARGV;
+
+$printdir =~ s@^include/@@;
 
 my $unifdef = "scripts/unifdef -U__KERNEL__ -D__EXPORTED_HEADERS__";
 
@@ -30,6 +32,10 @@ foreach my $file (@files) {
 	open(my $out, '>', $tmpfile)
 	    or die "$tmpfile: $!\n";
 	while (my $line = <$in>) {
+		# Any #include which uses "" and does not have a path needs
+		# rewriting so that the resultant user space headers are
+		# safe against the use of -I-.
+		$line =~ s/^(\s*#\s*include\s+)"([^\/]*?)"/$1<$printdir\/$2>/;
 		$line =~ s/([\s(])__user\s/$1/g;
 		$line =~ s/([\s(])__force\s/$1/g;
 		$line =~ s/([\s(])__iomem\s/$1/g;
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/lkc.h b/scripts/kconfig/lkc.h
index c18f2bd9c095..608cf6558bdb 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/lkc.h
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/lkc.h
@@ -90,7 +90,9 @@ struct conf_printer {
 /* confdata.c and expr.c */
 static inline void xfwrite(const void *str, size_t len, size_t count, FILE *out)
 {
-	assert(len != 0);
+	//assert(len != 0);
+	if (len == 0)
+		return;
 
 	if (fwrite(str, len, count, out) != count)
 		fprintf(stderr, "Error in writing or end of file.\n");
diff --git a/security/apparmor/.gitignore b/security/apparmor/.gitignore
index 4d995aeaebc0..d5b291e94264 100644
--- a/security/apparmor/.gitignore
+++ b/security/apparmor/.gitignore
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #
 # Generated include files
 #
-af_names.h
+net_names.h
 capability_names.h
 rlim_names.h
diff --git a/security/apparmor/Makefile b/security/apparmor/Makefile
index 806bd19af7f2..c575af92c8ba 100644
--- a/security/apparmor/Makefile
+++ b/security/apparmor/Makefile
@@ -4,10 +4,9 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_APPARMOR) += apparmor.o
 
 apparmor-y := apparmorfs.o audit.o capability.o context.o ipc.o lib.o match.o \
               path.o domain.o policy.o policy_unpack.o procattr.o lsm.o \
-              resource.o sid.o file.o
-
-clean-files := capability_names.h rlim_names.h
+              resource.o sid.o file.o mount.o net.o
 
+clean-files := capability_names.h rlim_names.h net_names.h
 
 # Build a lower case string table of capability names
 # Transforms lines from
@@ -20,6 +19,38 @@ cmd_make-caps = echo "static const char *const capability_names[] = {" > $@ ;\
 	-e 's/^\#define[ \t]+CAP_([A-Z0-9_]+)[ \t]+([0-9]+)/[\2] = "\L\1",/p';\
 	echo "};" >> $@
 
+# Build a lower case string table of address family names
+# Transform lines from
+#    define AF_LOCAL	1	/* POSIX name for AF_UNIX	*/
+#    #define AF_INET		2	/* Internet IP Protocol 	*/
+# to
+#    [1] = "local",
+#    [2] = "inet",
+#
+# and build the securityfs entries for the mapping.
+# Transforms lines from
+#    #define AF_INET		2	/* Internet IP Protocol 	*/
+# to
+#    #define AA_FS_AF_MASK "local inet"
+quiet_cmd_make-af = GEN     $@
+cmd_make-af = echo "static const char *address_family_names[] = {" > $@ ;\
+	sed $< >>$@ -r -n -e "/AF_MAX/d" -e "/AF_LOCAL/d" -e \
+	 's/^\#define[ \t]+AF_([A-Z0-9_]+)[ \t]+([0-9]+)(.*)/[\2] = "\L\1",/p';\
+	echo "};" >> $@ ;\
+	echo -n '\#define AA_FS_AF_MASK "' >> $@ ;\
+	sed -r -n 's/^\#define[ \t]+AF_([A-Z0-9_]+)[ \t]+([0-9]+)(.*)/\L\1/p'\
+	 $< | tr '\n' ' ' | sed -e 's/ $$/"\n/' >> $@
+
+# Build a lower case string table of sock type names
+# Transform lines from
+#    SOCK_STREAM	= 1,
+# to
+#    [1] = "stream",
+quiet_cmd_make-sock = GEN     $@
+cmd_make-sock = echo "static const char *sock_type_names[] = {" >> $@ ;\
+	sed $^ >>$@ -r -n \
+	-e 's/^\tSOCK_([A-Z0-9_]+)[\t]+=[ \t]+([0-9]+)(.*)/[\2] = "\L\1",/p';\
+	echo "};" >> $@
 
 # Build a lower case string table of rlimit names.
 # Transforms lines from
@@ -56,6 +87,7 @@ cmd_make-rlim = echo "static const char *const rlim_names[RLIM_NLIMITS] = {" \
 	    tr '\n' ' ' | sed -e 's/ $$/"\n/' >> $@
 
 $(obj)/capability.o : $(obj)/capability_names.h
+$(obj)/net.o : $(obj)/net_names.h
 $(obj)/resource.o : $(obj)/rlim_names.h
 $(obj)/capability_names.h : $(srctree)/include/linux/capability.h \
 			    $(src)/Makefile
@@ -63,3 +95,8 @@ $(obj)/capability_names.h : $(srctree)/include/linux/capability.h \
 $(obj)/rlim_names.h : $(srctree)/include/asm-generic/resource.h \
 		      $(src)/Makefile
 	$(call cmd,make-rlim)
+$(obj)/net_names.h : $(srctree)/include/linux/socket.h \
+		     $(srctree)/include/linux/net.h \
+		     $(src)/Makefile
+	$(call cmd,make-af)
+	$(call cmd,make-sock)
diff --git a/security/apparmor/apparmorfs.c b/security/apparmor/apparmorfs.c
index 16c15ec6f670..01a335d15c27 100644
--- a/security/apparmor/apparmorfs.c
+++ b/security/apparmor/apparmorfs.c
@@ -182,6 +182,232 @@ const struct file_operations aa_fs_seq_file_ops = {
 	.release	= single_release,
 };
 
+/**
+ * __next_namespace - find the next namespace to list
+ * @root: root namespace to stop search at (NOT NULL)
+ * @ns: current ns position (NOT NULL)
+ *
+ * Find the next namespace from @ns under @root and handle all locking needed
+ * while switching current namespace.
+ *
+ * Returns: next namespace or NULL if at last namespace under @root
+ * NOTE: will not unlock root->lock
+ */
+static struct aa_namespace *__next_namespace(struct aa_namespace *root,
+					     struct aa_namespace *ns)
+{
+	struct aa_namespace *parent;
+
+	/* is next namespace a child */
+	if (!list_empty(&ns->sub_ns)) {
+		struct aa_namespace *next;
+		next = list_first_entry(&ns->sub_ns, typeof(*ns), base.list);
+		read_lock(&next->lock);
+		return next;
+	}
+
+	/* check if the next ns is a sibling, parent, gp, .. */
+	parent = ns->parent;
+	while (parent) {
+		read_unlock(&ns->lock);
+		list_for_each_entry_continue(ns, &parent->sub_ns, base.list) {
+			read_lock(&ns->lock);
+			return ns;
+		}
+		if (parent == root)
+			return NULL;
+		ns = parent;
+		parent = parent->parent;
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/**
+ * __first_profile - find the first profile in a namespace
+ * @root: namespace that is root of profiles being displayed (NOT NULL)
+ * @ns: namespace to start in   (NOT NULL)
+ *
+ * Returns: unrefcounted profile or NULL if no profile
+ */
+static struct aa_profile *__first_profile(struct aa_namespace *root,
+					  struct aa_namespace *ns)
+{
+	for ( ; ns; ns = __next_namespace(root, ns)) {
+		if (!list_empty(&ns->base.profiles))
+			return list_first_entry(&ns->base.profiles,
+						struct aa_profile, base.list);
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/**
+ * __next_profile - step to the next profile in a profile tree
+ * @profile: current profile in tree (NOT NULL)
+ *
+ * Perform a depth first taversal on the profile tree in a namespace
+ *
+ * Returns: next profile or NULL if done
+ * Requires: profile->ns.lock to be held
+ */
+static struct aa_profile *__next_profile(struct aa_profile *p)
+{
+	struct aa_profile *parent;
+	struct aa_namespace *ns = p->ns;
+
+	/* is next profile a child */
+	if (!list_empty(&p->base.profiles))
+		return list_first_entry(&p->base.profiles, typeof(*p),
+					base.list);
+
+	/* is next profile a sibling, parent sibling, gp, subling, .. */
+	parent = p->parent;
+	while (parent) {
+		list_for_each_entry_continue(p, &parent->base.profiles,
+					     base.list)
+				return p;
+		p = parent;
+		parent = parent->parent;
+	}
+
+	/* is next another profile in the namespace */
+	list_for_each_entry_continue(p, &ns->base.profiles, base.list)
+		return p;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/**
+ * next_profile - step to the next profile in where ever it may be
+ * @root: root namespace  (NOT NULL)
+ * @profile: current profile  (NOT NULL)
+ *
+ * Returns: next profile or NULL if there isn't one
+ */
+static struct aa_profile *next_profile(struct aa_namespace *root,
+				       struct aa_profile *profile)
+{
+	struct aa_profile *next = __next_profile(profile);
+	if (next)
+		return next;
+
+	/* finished all profiles in namespace move to next namespace */
+	return __first_profile(root, __next_namespace(root, profile->ns));
+}
+
+/**
+ * p_start - start a depth first traversal of profile tree
+ * @f: seq_file to fill
+ * @pos: current position
+ *
+ * Returns: first profile under current namespace or NULL if none found
+ *
+ * acquires first ns->lock
+ */
+static void *p_start(struct seq_file *f, loff_t *pos)
+	__acquires(root->lock)
+{
+	struct aa_profile *profile = NULL;
+	struct aa_namespace *root = aa_current_profile()->ns;
+	loff_t l = *pos;
+	f->private = aa_get_namespace(root);
+
+
+	/* find the first profile */
+	read_lock(&root->lock);
+	profile = __first_profile(root, root);
+
+	/* skip to position */
+	for (; profile && l > 0; l--)
+		profile = next_profile(root, profile);
+
+	return profile;
+}
+
+/**
+ * p_next - read the next profile entry
+ * @f: seq_file to fill
+ * @p: profile previously returned
+ * @pos: current position
+ *
+ * Returns: next profile after @p or NULL if none
+ *
+ * may acquire/release locks in namespace tree as necessary
+ */
+static void *p_next(struct seq_file *f, void *p, loff_t *pos)
+{
+	struct aa_profile *profile = p;
+	struct aa_namespace *root = f->private;
+	(*pos)++;
+
+	return next_profile(root, profile);
+}
+
+/**
+ * p_stop - stop depth first traversal
+ * @f: seq_file we are filling
+ * @p: the last profile writen
+ *
+ * Release all locking done by p_start/p_next on namespace tree
+ */
+static void p_stop(struct seq_file *f, void *p)
+	__releases(root->lock)
+{
+	struct aa_profile *profile = p;
+	struct aa_namespace *root = f->private, *ns;
+
+	if (profile) {
+		for (ns = profile->ns; ns && ns != root; ns = ns->parent)
+			read_unlock(&ns->lock);
+	}
+	read_unlock(&root->lock);
+	aa_put_namespace(root);
+}
+
+/**
+ * seq_show_profile - show a profile entry
+ * @f: seq_file to file
+ * @p: current position (profile)    (NOT NULL)
+ *
+ * Returns: error on failure
+ */
+static int seq_show_profile(struct seq_file *f, void *p)
+{
+	struct aa_profile *profile = (struct aa_profile *)p;
+	struct aa_namespace *root = f->private;
+
+	if (profile->ns != root)
+		seq_printf(f, ":%s://", aa_ns_name(root, profile->ns));
+	seq_printf(f, "%s (%s)\n", profile->base.hname,
+		   COMPLAIN_MODE(profile) ? "complain" : "enforce");
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static const struct seq_operations aa_fs_profiles_op = {
+	.start = p_start,
+	.next = p_next,
+	.stop = p_stop,
+	.show = seq_show_profile,
+};
+
+static int profiles_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+{
+	return seq_open(file, &aa_fs_profiles_op);
+}
+
+static int profiles_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+{
+	return seq_release(inode, file);
+}
+
+const struct file_operations aa_fs_profiles_fops = {
+	.open = profiles_open,
+	.read = seq_read,
+	.llseek = seq_lseek,
+	.release = profiles_release,
+};
+
 /** Base file system setup **/
 
 static struct aa_fs_entry aa_fs_entry_file[] = {
@@ -198,9 +424,23 @@ static struct aa_fs_entry aa_fs_entry_domain[] = {
 	{ }
 };
 
+static struct aa_fs_entry aa_fs_entry_mount[] = {
+	AA_FS_FILE_STRING("mask", "mount umount"),
+	{ }
+};
+
+static struct aa_fs_entry aa_fs_entry_namespaces[] = {
+	AA_FS_FILE_BOOLEAN("profile",		1),
+	AA_FS_FILE_BOOLEAN("pivot_root",	1),
+	{ }
+};
+
 static struct aa_fs_entry aa_fs_entry_features[] = {
 	AA_FS_DIR("domain",			aa_fs_entry_domain),
 	AA_FS_DIR("file",			aa_fs_entry_file),
+	AA_FS_DIR("network",                    aa_fs_entry_network),
+	AA_FS_DIR("mount",			aa_fs_entry_mount),
+	AA_FS_DIR("namespaces",			aa_fs_entry_namespaces),
 	AA_FS_FILE_U64("capability",		VFS_CAP_FLAGS_MASK),
 	AA_FS_DIR("rlimit",			aa_fs_entry_rlimit),
 	{ }
@@ -210,6 +450,7 @@ static struct aa_fs_entry aa_fs_entry_apparmor[] = {
 	AA_FS_FILE_FOPS(".load", 0640, &aa_fs_profile_load),
 	AA_FS_FILE_FOPS(".replace", 0640, &aa_fs_profile_replace),
 	AA_FS_FILE_FOPS(".remove", 0640, &aa_fs_profile_remove),
+	AA_FS_FILE_FOPS("profiles", 0640, &aa_fs_profiles_fops),
 	AA_FS_DIR("features", aa_fs_entry_features),
 	{ }
 };
diff --git a/security/apparmor/audit.c b/security/apparmor/audit.c
index 3ae28db5a64f..e26796312ec2 100644
--- a/security/apparmor/audit.c
+++ b/security/apparmor/audit.c
@@ -44,6 +44,10 @@ const char *const op_table[] = {
 	"file_mmap",
 	"file_mprotect",
 
+	"pivotroot",
+	"mount",
+	"umount",
+
 	"create",
 	"post_create",
 	"bind",
diff --git a/security/apparmor/domain.c b/security/apparmor/domain.c
index b81ea10a17a3..31a3f5284a76 100644
--- a/security/apparmor/domain.c
+++ b/security/apparmor/domain.c
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ static const char *next_name(int xtype, const char *name)
  *
  * Returns: refcounted profile, or NULL on failure (MAYBE NULL)
  */
-static struct aa_profile *x_table_lookup(struct aa_profile *profile, u32 xindex)
+struct aa_profile *x_table_lookup(struct aa_profile *profile, u32 xindex)
 {
 	struct aa_profile *new_profile = NULL;
 	struct aa_namespace *ns = profile->ns;
@@ -360,6 +360,10 @@ int apparmor_bprm_set_creds(struct linux_binprm *bprm)
 	if (bprm->cred_prepared)
 		return 0;
 
+	/* XXX: no_new_privs is not usable with AppArmor yet */
+	if (bprm->unsafe & LSM_UNSAFE_NO_NEW_PRIVS)
+		return -EPERM;
+
 	cxt = bprm->cred->security;
 	BUG_ON(!cxt);
 
diff --git a/security/apparmor/include/apparmor.h b/security/apparmor/include/apparmor.h
index 40aedd9f73ea..e243d96ddbd9 100644
--- a/security/apparmor/include/apparmor.h
+++ b/security/apparmor/include/apparmor.h
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
 #define AA_CLASS_NET		4
 #define AA_CLASS_RLIMITS	5
 #define AA_CLASS_DOMAIN		6
+#define AA_CLASS_MOUNT		7
 
-#define AA_CLASS_LAST		AA_CLASS_DOMAIN
+#define AA_CLASS_LAST		AA_CLASS_MOUNT
 
 /* Control parameters settable through module/boot flags */
 extern enum audit_mode aa_g_audit;
diff --git a/security/apparmor/include/audit.h b/security/apparmor/include/audit.h
index 4b7e18951aea..66a738c5c9c3 100644
--- a/security/apparmor/include/audit.h
+++ b/security/apparmor/include/audit.h
@@ -73,6 +73,10 @@ enum aa_ops {
 	OP_FMMAP,
 	OP_FMPROT,
 
+	OP_PIVOTROOT,
+	OP_MOUNT,
+	OP_UMOUNT,
+
 	OP_CREATE,
 	OP_POST_CREATE,
 	OP_BIND,
@@ -122,11 +126,22 @@ struct apparmor_audit_data {
 			unsigned long max;
 		} rlim;
 		struct {
+			const char *src_name;
+			const char *type;
+			const char *trans;
+			const char *data;
+			unsigned long flags;
+		} mnt;
+		struct {
 			const char *target;
 			u32 request;
 			u32 denied;
 			uid_t ouid;
 		} fs;
+		struct {
+			int type, protocol;
+			struct sock *sk;
+		} net;
 	};
 };
 
diff --git a/security/apparmor/include/domain.h b/security/apparmor/include/domain.h
index de04464f0a3f..a3f70c58ef3d 100644
--- a/security/apparmor/include/domain.h
+++ b/security/apparmor/include/domain.h
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ struct aa_domain {
 	char **table;
 };
 
+struct aa_profile *x_table_lookup(struct aa_profile *profile, u32 xindex);
+
 int apparmor_bprm_set_creds(struct linux_binprm *bprm);
 int apparmor_bprm_secureexec(struct linux_binprm *bprm);
 void apparmor_bprm_committing_creds(struct linux_binprm *bprm);
diff --git a/security/apparmor/include/mount.h b/security/apparmor/include/mount.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bc17a5388ae9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/security/apparmor/include/mount.h
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*
+ * AppArmor security module
+ *
+ * This file contains AppArmor file mediation function definitions.
+ *
+ * Copyright 2012 Canonical Ltd.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation, version 2 of the
+ * License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef __AA_MOUNT_H
+#define __AA_MOUNT_H
+
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/path.h>
+
+#include "domain.h"
+#include "policy.h"
+
+/* mount perms */
+#define AA_MAY_PIVOTROOT	0x01
+#define AA_MAY_MOUNT		0x02
+#define AA_MAY_UMOUNT		0x04
+#define AA_AUDIT_DATA		0x40
+#define AA_CONT_MATCH		0x40
+
+#define AA_MS_IGNORE_MASK (MS_KERNMOUNT | MS_NOSEC | MS_ACTIVE | MS_BORN)
+
+int aa_remount(struct aa_profile *profile, struct path *path,
+	       unsigned long flags, void *data);
+
+int aa_bind_mount(struct aa_profile *profile, struct path *path,
+		  const char *old_name, unsigned long flags);
+
+
+int aa_mount_change_type(struct aa_profile *profile, struct path *path,
+			 unsigned long flags);
+
+int aa_move_mount(struct aa_profile *profile, struct path *path,
+		  const char *old_name);
+
+int aa_new_mount(struct aa_profile *profile, const char *dev_name,
+		 struct path *path, const char *type, unsigned long flags,
+		 void *data);
+
+int aa_umount(struct aa_profile *profile, struct vfsmount *mnt, int flags);
+
+int aa_pivotroot(struct aa_profile *profile, struct path *old_path,
+		  struct path *new_path);
+
+#endif /* __AA_MOUNT_H */
diff --git a/security/apparmor/include/net.h b/security/apparmor/include/net.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..cb8a12109b7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/security/apparmor/include/net.h
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * AppArmor security module
+ *
+ * This file contains AppArmor network mediation definitions.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 1998-2008 Novell/SUSE
+ * Copyright 2009-2012 Canonical Ltd.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation, version 2 of the
+ * License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef __AA_NET_H
+#define __AA_NET_H
+
+#include <net/sock.h>
+
+#include "apparmorfs.h"
+
+/* struct aa_net - network confinement data
+ * @allowed: basic network families permissions
+ * @audit_network: which network permissions to force audit
+ * @quiet_network: which network permissions to quiet rejects
+ */
+struct aa_net {
+	u16 allow[AF_MAX];
+	u16 audit[AF_MAX];
+	u16 quiet[AF_MAX];
+};
+
+extern struct aa_fs_entry aa_fs_entry_network[];
+
+extern int aa_net_perm(int op, struct aa_profile *profile, u16 family,
+		       int type, int protocol, struct sock *sk);
+extern int aa_revalidate_sk(int op, struct sock *sk);
+
+static inline void aa_free_net_rules(struct aa_net *new)
+{
+	/* NOP */
+}
+
+#endif /* __AA_NET_H */
diff --git a/security/apparmor/include/policy.h b/security/apparmor/include/policy.h
index bda4569fdd83..eb13a73f7383 100644
--- a/security/apparmor/include/policy.h
+++ b/security/apparmor/include/policy.h
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include "capability.h"
 #include "domain.h"
 #include "file.h"
+#include "net.h"
 #include "resource.h"
 
 extern const char *const profile_mode_names[];
@@ -157,6 +158,7 @@ struct aa_policydb {
  * @policy: general match rules governing policy
  * @file: The set of rules governing basic file access and domain transitions
  * @caps: capabilities for the profile
+ * @net: network controls for the profile
  * @rlimits: rlimits for the profile
  *
  * The AppArmor profile contains the basic confinement data.  Each profile
@@ -194,6 +196,7 @@ struct aa_profile {
 	struct aa_policydb policy;
 	struct aa_file_rules file;
 	struct aa_caps caps;
+	struct aa_net net;
 	struct aa_rlimit rlimits;
 };
 
diff --git a/security/apparmor/lsm.c b/security/apparmor/lsm.c
index 8ea39aabe948..65ff9e4a841b 100644
--- a/security/apparmor/lsm.c
+++ b/security/apparmor/lsm.c
@@ -32,9 +32,11 @@
 #include "include/context.h"
 #include "include/file.h"
 #include "include/ipc.h"
+#include "include/net.h"
 #include "include/path.h"
 #include "include/policy.h"
 #include "include/procattr.h"
+#include "include/mount.h"
 
 /* Flag indicating whether initialization completed */
 int apparmor_initialized __initdata;
@@ -503,6 +505,60 @@ static int apparmor_file_mprotect(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 			   !(vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED) ? MAP_PRIVATE : 0);
 }
 
+static int apparmor_sb_mount(char *dev_name, struct path *path, char *type,
+			     unsigned long flags, void *data)
+{
+	struct aa_profile *profile;
+	int error = 0;
+
+	/* Discard magic */
+	if ((flags & MS_MGC_MSK) == MS_MGC_VAL)
+		flags &= ~MS_MGC_MSK;
+
+	flags &= ~AA_MS_IGNORE_MASK;
+
+	profile = __aa_current_profile();
+	if (!unconfined(profile)) {
+		if (flags & MS_REMOUNT)
+			error = aa_remount(profile, path, flags, data);
+		else if (flags & MS_BIND)
+			error = aa_bind_mount(profile, path, dev_name, flags);
+		else if (flags & (MS_SHARED | MS_PRIVATE | MS_SLAVE |
+				  MS_UNBINDABLE))
+			error = aa_mount_change_type(profile, path, flags);
+		else if (flags & MS_MOVE)
+			error = aa_move_mount(profile, path, dev_name);
+		else
+			error = aa_new_mount(profile, dev_name, path, type,
+					     flags, data);
+	}
+	return error;
+}
+
+static int apparmor_sb_umount(struct vfsmount *mnt, int flags)
+{
+	struct aa_profile *profile;
+	int error = 0;
+
+	profile = __aa_current_profile();
+	if (!unconfined(profile))
+		error = aa_umount(profile, mnt, flags);
+
+	return error;
+}
+
+static int apparmor_sb_pivotroot(struct path *old_path, struct path *new_path)
+{
+	struct aa_profile *profile;
+	int error = 0;
+
+	profile = __aa_current_profile();
+	if (!unconfined(profile))
+		error = aa_pivotroot(profile, old_path, new_path);
+
+	return error;
+}
+
 static int apparmor_getprocattr(struct task_struct *task, char *name,
 				char **value)
 {
@@ -614,6 +670,104 @@ static int apparmor_task_setrlimit(struct task_struct *task,
 	return error;
 }
 
+static int apparmor_socket_create(int family, int type, int protocol, int kern)
+{
+	struct aa_profile *profile;
+	int error = 0;
+
+	if (kern)
+		return 0;
+
+	profile = __aa_current_profile();
+	if (!unconfined(profile))
+		error = aa_net_perm(OP_CREATE, profile, family, type, protocol,
+				    NULL);
+	return error;
+}
+
+static int apparmor_socket_bind(struct socket *sock,
+				struct sockaddr *address, int addrlen)
+{
+	struct sock *sk = sock->sk;
+
+	return aa_revalidate_sk(OP_BIND, sk);
+}
+
+static int apparmor_socket_connect(struct socket *sock,
+				   struct sockaddr *address, int addrlen)
+{
+	struct sock *sk = sock->sk;
+
+	return aa_revalidate_sk(OP_CONNECT, sk);
+}
+
+static int apparmor_socket_listen(struct socket *sock, int backlog)
+{
+	struct sock *sk = sock->sk;
+
+	return aa_revalidate_sk(OP_LISTEN, sk);
+}
+
+static int apparmor_socket_accept(struct socket *sock, struct socket *newsock)
+{
+	struct sock *sk = sock->sk;
+
+	return aa_revalidate_sk(OP_ACCEPT, sk);
+}
+
+static int apparmor_socket_sendmsg(struct socket *sock,
+				   struct msghdr *msg, int size)
+{
+	struct sock *sk = sock->sk;
+
+	return aa_revalidate_sk(OP_SENDMSG, sk);
+}
+
+static int apparmor_socket_recvmsg(struct socket *sock,
+				   struct msghdr *msg, int size, int flags)
+{
+	struct sock *sk = sock->sk;
+
+	return aa_revalidate_sk(OP_RECVMSG, sk);
+}
+
+static int apparmor_socket_getsockname(struct socket *sock)
+{
+	struct sock *sk = sock->sk;
+
+	return aa_revalidate_sk(OP_GETSOCKNAME, sk);
+}
+
+static int apparmor_socket_getpeername(struct socket *sock)
+{
+	struct sock *sk = sock->sk;
+
+	return aa_revalidate_sk(OP_GETPEERNAME, sk);
+}
+
+static int apparmor_socket_getsockopt(struct socket *sock, int level,
+				      int optname)
+{
+	struct sock *sk = sock->sk;
+
+	return aa_revalidate_sk(OP_GETSOCKOPT, sk);
+}
+
+static int apparmor_socket_setsockopt(struct socket *sock, int level,
+				      int optname)
+{
+	struct sock *sk = sock->sk;
+
+	return aa_revalidate_sk(OP_SETSOCKOPT, sk);
+}
+
+static int apparmor_socket_shutdown(struct socket *sock, int how)
+{
+	struct sock *sk = sock->sk;
+
+	return aa_revalidate_sk(OP_SOCK_SHUTDOWN, sk);
+}
+
 static struct security_operations apparmor_ops = {
 	.name =				"apparmor",
 
@@ -622,6 +776,10 @@ static struct security_operations apparmor_ops = {
 	.capget =			apparmor_capget,
 	.capable =			apparmor_capable,
 
+	.sb_mount =			apparmor_sb_mount,
+	.sb_umount =			apparmor_sb_umount,
+	.sb_pivotroot =			apparmor_sb_pivotroot,
+
 	.path_link =			apparmor_path_link,
 	.path_unlink =			apparmor_path_unlink,
 	.path_symlink =			apparmor_path_symlink,
@@ -646,6 +804,19 @@ static struct security_operations apparmor_ops = {
 	.getprocattr =			apparmor_getprocattr,
 	.setprocattr =			apparmor_setprocattr,
 
+	.socket_create =		apparmor_socket_create,
+	.socket_bind =			apparmor_socket_bind,
+	.socket_connect =		apparmor_socket_connect,
+	.socket_listen =		apparmor_socket_listen,
+	.socket_accept =		apparmor_socket_accept,
+	.socket_sendmsg =		apparmor_socket_sendmsg,
+	.socket_recvmsg =		apparmor_socket_recvmsg,
+	.socket_getsockname =		apparmor_socket_getsockname,
+	.socket_getpeername =		apparmor_socket_getpeername,
+	.socket_getsockopt =		apparmor_socket_getsockopt,
+	.socket_setsockopt =		apparmor_socket_setsockopt,
+	.socket_shutdown =		apparmor_socket_shutdown,
+
 	.cred_alloc_blank =		apparmor_cred_alloc_blank,
 	.cred_free =			apparmor_cred_free,
 	.cred_prepare =			apparmor_cred_prepare,
diff --git a/security/apparmor/mount.c b/security/apparmor/mount.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..315979b269c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/security/apparmor/mount.c
@@ -0,0 +1,620 @@
+/*
+ * AppArmor security module
+ *
+ * This file contains AppArmor mediation of files
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 1998-2008 Novell/SUSE
+ * Copyright 2009-2012 Canonical Ltd.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation, version 2 of the
+ * License.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/mount.h>
+#include <linux/namei.h>
+
+#include "include/apparmor.h"
+#include "include/audit.h"
+#include "include/context.h"
+#include "include/domain.h"
+#include "include/file.h"
+#include "include/match.h"
+#include "include/mount.h"
+#include "include/path.h"
+#include "include/policy.h"
+
+
+static void audit_mnt_flags(struct audit_buffer *ab, unsigned long flags)
+{
+	if (flags & MS_RDONLY)
+		audit_log_format(ab, "ro");
+	else
+		audit_log_format(ab, "rw");
+	if (flags & MS_NOSUID)
+		audit_log_format(ab, ", nosuid");
+	if (flags & MS_NODEV)
+		audit_log_format(ab, ", nodev");
+	if (flags & MS_NOEXEC)
+		audit_log_format(ab, ", noexec");
+	if (flags & MS_SYNCHRONOUS)
+		audit_log_format(ab, ", sync");
+	if (flags & MS_REMOUNT)
+		audit_log_format(ab, ", remount");
+	if (flags & MS_MANDLOCK)
+		audit_log_format(ab, ", mand");
+	if (flags & MS_DIRSYNC)
+		audit_log_format(ab, ", dirsync");
+	if (flags & MS_NOATIME)
+		audit_log_format(ab, ", noatime");
+	if (flags & MS_NODIRATIME)
+		audit_log_format(ab, ", nodiratime");
+	if (flags & MS_BIND)
+		audit_log_format(ab, flags & MS_REC ? ", rbind" : ", bind");
+	if (flags & MS_MOVE)
+		audit_log_format(ab, ", move");
+	if (flags & MS_SILENT)
+		audit_log_format(ab, ", silent");
+	if (flags & MS_POSIXACL)
+		audit_log_format(ab, ", acl");
+	if (flags & MS_UNBINDABLE)
+		audit_log_format(ab, flags & MS_REC ? ", runbindable" :
+				 ", unbindable");
+	if (flags & MS_PRIVATE)
+		audit_log_format(ab, flags & MS_REC ? ", rprivate" :
+				 ", private");
+	if (flags & MS_SLAVE)
+		audit_log_format(ab, flags & MS_REC ? ", rslave" :
+				 ", slave");
+	if (flags & MS_SHARED)
+		audit_log_format(ab, flags & MS_REC ? ", rshared" :
+				 ", shared");
+	if (flags & MS_RELATIME)
+		audit_log_format(ab, ", relatime");
+	if (flags & MS_I_VERSION)
+		audit_log_format(ab, ", iversion");
+	if (flags & MS_STRICTATIME)
+		audit_log_format(ab, ", strictatime");
+	if (flags & MS_NOUSER)
+		audit_log_format(ab, ", nouser");
+}
+
+/**
+ * audit_cb - call back for mount specific audit fields
+ * @ab: audit_buffer  (NOT NULL)
+ * @va: audit struct to audit values of  (NOT NULL)
+ */
+static void audit_cb(struct audit_buffer *ab, void *va)
+{
+	struct common_audit_data *sa = va;
+
+	if (sa->aad->mnt.type) {
+		audit_log_format(ab, " fstype=");
+		audit_log_untrustedstring(ab, sa->aad->mnt.type);
+	}
+	if (sa->aad->mnt.src_name) {
+		audit_log_format(ab, " srcname=");
+		audit_log_untrustedstring(ab, sa->aad->mnt.src_name);
+	}
+	if (sa->aad->mnt.trans) {
+		audit_log_format(ab, " trans=");
+		audit_log_untrustedstring(ab, sa->aad->mnt.trans);
+	}
+	if (sa->aad->mnt.flags || sa->aad->op == OP_MOUNT) {
+		audit_log_format(ab, " flags=\"");
+		audit_mnt_flags(ab, sa->aad->mnt.flags);
+		audit_log_format(ab, "\"");
+	}
+	if (sa->aad->mnt.data) {
+		audit_log_format(ab, " options=");
+		audit_log_untrustedstring(ab, sa->aad->mnt.data);
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * audit_mount - handle the auditing of mount operations
+ * @profile: the profile being enforced  (NOT NULL)
+ * @gfp: allocation flags
+ * @op: operation being mediated (NOT NULL)
+ * @name: name of object being mediated (MAYBE NULL)
+ * @src_name: src_name of object being mediated (MAYBE_NULL)
+ * @type: type of filesystem (MAYBE_NULL)
+ * @trans: name of trans (MAYBE NULL)
+ * @flags: filesystem idependent mount flags
+ * @data: filesystem mount flags
+ * @request: permissions requested
+ * @perms: the permissions computed for the request (NOT NULL)
+ * @info: extra information message (MAYBE NULL)
+ * @error: 0 if operation allowed else failure error code
+ *
+ * Returns: %0 or error on failure
+ */
+static int audit_mount(struct aa_profile *profile, gfp_t gfp, int op,
+		       const char *name, const char *src_name,
+		       const char *type, const char *trans,
+		       unsigned long flags, const void *data, u32 request,
+		       struct file_perms *perms, const char *info, int error)
+{
+	int audit_type = AUDIT_APPARMOR_AUTO;
+	struct common_audit_data sa;
+	struct apparmor_audit_data aad = { };
+
+	if (likely(!error)) {
+		u32 mask = perms->audit;
+
+		if (unlikely(AUDIT_MODE(profile) == AUDIT_ALL))
+			mask = 0xffff;
+
+		/* mask off perms that are not being force audited */
+		request &= mask;
+
+		if (likely(!request))
+			return 0;
+		audit_type = AUDIT_APPARMOR_AUDIT;
+	} else {
+		/* only report permissions that were denied */
+		request = request & ~perms->allow;
+
+		if (request & perms->kill)
+			audit_type = AUDIT_APPARMOR_KILL;
+
+		/* quiet known rejects, assumes quiet and kill do not overlap */
+		if ((request & perms->quiet) &&
+		    AUDIT_MODE(profile) != AUDIT_NOQUIET &&
+		    AUDIT_MODE(profile) != AUDIT_ALL)
+			request &= ~perms->quiet;
+
+		if (!request)
+			return COMPLAIN_MODE(profile) ?
+				complain_error(error) : error;
+	}
+
+	sa.type = LSM_AUDIT_DATA_NONE;
+	sa.aad = &aad;
+	sa.aad->op = op;
+	sa.aad->name = name;
+	sa.aad->mnt.src_name = src_name;
+	sa.aad->mnt.type = type;
+	sa.aad->mnt.trans = trans;
+	sa.aad->mnt.flags = flags;
+	if (data && (perms->audit & AA_AUDIT_DATA))
+		sa.aad->mnt.data = data;
+	sa.aad->info = info;
+	sa.aad->error = error;
+
+	return aa_audit(audit_type, profile, gfp, &sa, audit_cb);
+}
+
+/**
+ * match_mnt_flags - Do an ordered match on mount flags
+ * @dfa: dfa to match against
+ * @state: state to start in
+ * @flags: mount flags to match against
+ *
+ * Mount flags are encoded as an ordered match. This is done instead of
+ * checking against a simple bitmask, to allow for logical operations
+ * on the flags.
+ *
+ * Returns: next state after flags match
+ */
+static unsigned int match_mnt_flags(struct aa_dfa *dfa, unsigned int state,
+				    unsigned long flags)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i <= 31 ; ++i) {
+		if ((1 << i) & flags)
+			state = aa_dfa_next(dfa, state, i + 1);
+	}
+
+	return state;
+}
+
+/**
+ * compute_mnt_perms - compute mount permission associated with @state
+ * @dfa: dfa to match against (NOT NULL)
+ * @state: state match finished in
+ *
+ * Returns: mount permissions
+ */
+static struct file_perms compute_mnt_perms(struct aa_dfa *dfa,
+					   unsigned int state)
+{
+	struct file_perms perms;
+
+	perms.kill = 0;
+	perms.allow = dfa_user_allow(dfa, state);
+	perms.audit = dfa_user_audit(dfa, state);
+	perms.quiet = dfa_user_quiet(dfa, state);
+	perms.xindex = dfa_user_xindex(dfa, state);
+
+	return perms;
+}
+
+static const char const *mnt_info_table[] = {
+	"match succeeded",
+	"failed mntpnt match",
+	"failed srcname match",
+	"failed type match",
+	"failed flags match",
+	"failed data match"
+};
+
+/*
+ * Returns 0 on success else element that match failed in, this is the
+ * index into the mnt_info_table above
+ */
+static int do_match_mnt(struct aa_dfa *dfa, unsigned int start,
+			const char *mntpnt, const char *devname,
+			const char *type, unsigned long flags,
+			void *data, bool binary, struct file_perms *perms)
+{
+	unsigned int state;
+
+	state = aa_dfa_match(dfa, start, mntpnt);
+	state = aa_dfa_null_transition(dfa, state);
+	if (!state)
+		return 1;
+
+	if (devname)
+		state = aa_dfa_match(dfa, state, devname);
+	state = aa_dfa_null_transition(dfa, state);
+	if (!state)
+		return 2;
+
+	if (type)
+		state = aa_dfa_match(dfa, state, type);
+	state = aa_dfa_null_transition(dfa, state);
+	if (!state)
+		return 3;
+
+	state = match_mnt_flags(dfa, state, flags);
+	if (!state)
+		return 4;
+	*perms = compute_mnt_perms(dfa, state);
+	if (perms->allow & AA_MAY_MOUNT)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* only match data if not binary and the DFA flags data is expected */
+	if (data && !binary && (perms->allow & AA_CONT_MATCH)) {
+		state = aa_dfa_null_transition(dfa, state);
+		if (!state)
+			return 4;
+
+		state = aa_dfa_match(dfa, state, data);
+		if (!state)
+			return 5;
+		*perms = compute_mnt_perms(dfa, state);
+		if (perms->allow & AA_MAY_MOUNT)
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* failed at end of flags match */
+	return 4;
+}
+
+/**
+ * match_mnt - handle path matching for mount
+ * @profile: the confining profile
+ * @mntpnt: string for the mntpnt (NOT NULL)
+ * @devname: string for the devname/src_name (MAYBE NULL)
+ * @type: string for the dev type (MAYBE NULL)
+ * @flags: mount flags to match
+ * @data: fs mount data (MAYBE NULL)
+ * @binary: whether @data is binary
+ * @perms: Returns: permission found by the match
+ * @info: Returns: infomation string about the match for logging
+ *
+ * Returns: 0 on success else error
+ */
+static int match_mnt(struct aa_profile *profile, const char *mntpnt,
+		     const char *devname, const char *type,
+		     unsigned long flags, void *data, bool binary,
+		     struct file_perms *perms, const char **info)
+{
+	int pos;
+
+	if (!profile->policy.dfa)
+		return -EACCES;
+
+	pos = do_match_mnt(profile->policy.dfa,
+			   profile->policy.start[AA_CLASS_MOUNT],
+			   mntpnt, devname, type, flags, data, binary, perms);
+	if (pos) {
+		*info = mnt_info_table[pos];
+		return -EACCES;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int path_flags(struct aa_profile *profile, struct path *path)
+{
+	return profile->path_flags |
+		S_ISDIR(path->dentry->d_inode->i_mode) ? PATH_IS_DIR : 0;
+}
+
+int aa_remount(struct aa_profile *profile, struct path *path,
+	       unsigned long flags, void *data)
+{
+	struct file_perms perms = { };
+	const char *name, *info = NULL;
+	char *buffer = NULL;
+	int binary, error;
+
+	binary = path->dentry->d_sb->s_type->fs_flags & FS_BINARY_MOUNTDATA;
+
+	error = aa_path_name(path, path_flags(profile, path), &buffer, &name,
+			     &info);
+	if (error)
+		goto audit;
+
+	error = match_mnt(profile, name, NULL, NULL, flags, data, binary,
+			  &perms, &info);
+
+audit:
+	error = audit_mount(profile, GFP_KERNEL, OP_MOUNT, name, NULL, NULL,
+			    NULL, flags, data, AA_MAY_MOUNT, &perms, info,
+			    error);
+	kfree(buffer);
+
+	return error;
+}
+
+int aa_bind_mount(struct aa_profile *profile, struct path *path,
+		  const char *dev_name, unsigned long flags)
+{
+	struct file_perms perms = { };
+	char *buffer = NULL, *old_buffer = NULL;
+	const char *name, *old_name = NULL, *info = NULL;
+	struct path old_path;
+	int error;
+
+	if (!dev_name || !*dev_name)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	flags &= MS_REC | MS_BIND;
+
+	error = aa_path_name(path, path_flags(profile, path), &buffer, &name,
+			     &info);
+	if (error)
+		goto audit;
+
+	error = kern_path(dev_name, LOOKUP_FOLLOW|LOOKUP_AUTOMOUNT, &old_path);
+	if (error)
+		goto audit;
+
+	error = aa_path_name(&old_path, path_flags(profile, &old_path),
+			     &old_buffer, &old_name, &info);
+	path_put(&old_path);
+	if (error)
+		goto audit;
+
+	error = match_mnt(profile, name, old_name, NULL, flags, NULL, 0,
+			  &perms, &info);
+
+audit:
+	error = audit_mount(profile, GFP_KERNEL, OP_MOUNT, name, old_name,
+			    NULL, NULL, flags, NULL, AA_MAY_MOUNT, &perms,
+			    info, error);
+	kfree(buffer);
+	kfree(old_buffer);
+
+	return error;
+}
+
+int aa_mount_change_type(struct aa_profile *profile, struct path *path,
+			 unsigned long flags)
+{
+	struct file_perms perms = { };
+	char *buffer = NULL;
+	const char *name, *info = NULL;
+	int error;
+
+	/* These are the flags allowed by do_change_type() */
+	flags &= (MS_REC | MS_SILENT | MS_SHARED | MS_PRIVATE | MS_SLAVE |
+		  MS_UNBINDABLE);
+
+	error = aa_path_name(path, path_flags(profile, path), &buffer, &name,
+			     &info);
+	if (error)
+		goto audit;
+
+	error = match_mnt(profile, name, NULL, NULL, flags, NULL, 0, &perms,
+			  &info);
+
+audit:
+	error = audit_mount(profile, GFP_KERNEL, OP_MOUNT, name, NULL, NULL,
+			    NULL, flags, NULL, AA_MAY_MOUNT, &perms, info,
+			    error);
+	kfree(buffer);
+
+	return error;
+}
+
+int aa_move_mount(struct aa_profile *profile, struct path *path,
+		  const char *orig_name)
+{
+	struct file_perms perms = { };
+	char *buffer = NULL, *old_buffer = NULL;
+	const char *name, *old_name = NULL, *info = NULL;
+	struct path old_path;
+	int error;
+
+	if (!orig_name || !*orig_name)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	error = aa_path_name(path, path_flags(profile, path), &buffer, &name,
+			     &info);
+	if (error)
+		goto audit;
+
+	error = kern_path(orig_name, LOOKUP_FOLLOW, &old_path);
+	if (error)
+		goto audit;
+
+	error = aa_path_name(&old_path, path_flags(profile, &old_path),
+			     &old_buffer, &old_name, &info);
+	path_put(&old_path);
+	if (error)
+		goto audit;
+
+	error = match_mnt(profile, name, old_name, NULL, MS_MOVE, NULL, 0,
+			  &perms, &info);
+
+audit:
+	error = audit_mount(profile, GFP_KERNEL, OP_MOUNT, name, old_name,
+			    NULL, NULL, MS_MOVE, NULL, AA_MAY_MOUNT, &perms,
+			    info, error);
+	kfree(buffer);
+	kfree(old_buffer);
+
+	return error;
+}
+
+int aa_new_mount(struct aa_profile *profile, const char *orig_dev_name,
+		 struct path *path, const char *type, unsigned long flags,
+		 void *data)
+{
+	struct file_perms perms = { };
+	char *buffer = NULL, *dev_buffer = NULL;
+	const char *name = NULL, *dev_name = NULL, *info = NULL;
+	int binary = 1;
+	int error;
+
+	dev_name = orig_dev_name;
+	if (type) {
+		int requires_dev;
+		struct file_system_type *fstype = get_fs_type(type);
+		if (!fstype)
+			return -ENODEV;
+
+		binary = fstype->fs_flags & FS_BINARY_MOUNTDATA;
+		requires_dev = fstype->fs_flags & FS_REQUIRES_DEV;
+		put_filesystem(fstype);
+
+		if (requires_dev) {
+			struct path dev_path;
+
+			if (!dev_name || !*dev_name) {
+				error = -ENOENT;
+				goto out;
+			}
+
+			error = kern_path(dev_name, LOOKUP_FOLLOW, &dev_path);
+			if (error)
+				goto audit;
+
+			error = aa_path_name(&dev_path,
+					     path_flags(profile, &dev_path),
+					     &dev_buffer, &dev_name, &info);
+			path_put(&dev_path);
+			if (error)
+				goto audit;
+		}
+	}
+
+	error = aa_path_name(path, path_flags(profile, path), &buffer, &name,
+			     &info);
+	if (error)
+		goto audit;
+
+	error = match_mnt(profile, name, dev_name, type, flags, data, binary,
+			  &perms, &info);
+
+audit:
+	error = audit_mount(profile, GFP_KERNEL, OP_MOUNT, name,  dev_name,
+			    type, NULL, flags, data, AA_MAY_MOUNT, &perms, info,
+			    error);
+	kfree(buffer);
+	kfree(dev_buffer);
+
+out:
+	return error;
+
+}
+
+int aa_umount(struct aa_profile *profile, struct vfsmount *mnt, int flags)
+{
+	struct file_perms perms = { };
+	char *buffer = NULL;
+	const char *name, *info = NULL;
+	int error;
+
+	struct path path = { mnt, mnt->mnt_root };
+	error = aa_path_name(&path, path_flags(profile, &path), &buffer, &name,
+			     &info);
+	if (error)
+		goto audit;
+
+	if (!error && profile->policy.dfa) {
+		unsigned int state;
+		state = aa_dfa_match(profile->policy.dfa,
+				     profile->policy.start[AA_CLASS_MOUNT],
+				     name);
+		perms = compute_mnt_perms(profile->policy.dfa, state);
+	}
+
+	if (AA_MAY_UMOUNT & ~perms.allow)
+		error = -EACCES;
+
+audit:
+	error = audit_mount(profile, GFP_KERNEL, OP_UMOUNT, name, NULL, NULL,
+			    NULL, 0, NULL, AA_MAY_UMOUNT, &perms, info, error);
+	kfree(buffer);
+
+	return error;
+}
+
+int aa_pivotroot(struct aa_profile *profile, struct path *old_path,
+		  struct path *new_path)
+{
+	struct file_perms perms = { };
+	struct aa_profile *target = NULL;
+	char *old_buffer = NULL, *new_buffer = NULL;
+	const char *old_name, *new_name = NULL, *info = NULL;
+	int error;
+
+	error = aa_path_name(old_path, path_flags(profile, old_path),
+			     &old_buffer, &old_name, &info);
+	if (error)
+		goto audit;
+
+	error = aa_path_name(new_path, path_flags(profile, new_path),
+			     &new_buffer, &new_name, &info);
+	if (error)
+		goto audit;
+
+	if (profile->policy.dfa) {
+		unsigned int state;
+		state = aa_dfa_match(profile->policy.dfa,
+				     profile->policy.start[AA_CLASS_MOUNT],
+				     new_name);
+		state = aa_dfa_null_transition(profile->policy.dfa, state);
+		state = aa_dfa_match(profile->policy.dfa, state, old_name);
+		perms = compute_mnt_perms(profile->policy.dfa, state);
+	}
+
+	if (AA_MAY_PIVOTROOT & perms.allow) {
+		if ((perms.xindex & AA_X_TYPE_MASK) == AA_X_TABLE) {
+			target = x_table_lookup(profile, perms.xindex);
+			if (!target)
+				error = -ENOENT;
+			else
+				error = aa_replace_current_profile(target);
+		}
+	} else
+		error = -EACCES;
+
+audit:
+	error = audit_mount(profile, GFP_KERNEL, OP_PIVOTROOT, new_name,
+			    old_name, NULL, target ? target->base.name : NULL,
+			    0, NULL,  AA_MAY_PIVOTROOT, &perms, info, error);
+	aa_put_profile(target);
+	kfree(old_buffer);
+	kfree(new_buffer);
+
+	return error;
+}
diff --git a/security/apparmor/net.c b/security/apparmor/net.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..003dd18c61a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/security/apparmor/net.c
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+/*
+ * AppArmor security module
+ *
+ * This file contains AppArmor network mediation
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 1998-2008 Novell/SUSE
+ * Copyright 2009-2012 Canonical Ltd.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation, version 2 of the
+ * License.
+ */
+
+#include "include/apparmor.h"
+#include "include/audit.h"
+#include "include/context.h"
+#include "include/net.h"
+#include "include/policy.h"
+
+#include "net_names.h"
+
+struct aa_fs_entry aa_fs_entry_network[] = {
+	AA_FS_FILE_STRING("af_mask", AA_FS_AF_MASK),
+	{ }
+};
+
+/* audit callback for net specific fields */
+static void audit_cb(struct audit_buffer *ab, void *va)
+{
+	struct common_audit_data *sa = va;
+
+	audit_log_format(ab, " family=");
+	if (address_family_names[sa->u.net->family]) {
+		audit_log_string(ab, address_family_names[sa->u.net->family]);
+	} else {
+		audit_log_format(ab, "\"unknown(%d)\"", sa->u.net->family);
+	}
+	audit_log_format(ab, " sock_type=");
+	if (sock_type_names[sa->aad->net.type]) {
+		audit_log_string(ab, sock_type_names[sa->aad->net.type]);
+	} else {
+		audit_log_format(ab, "\"unknown(%d)\"", sa->aad->net.type);
+	}
+	audit_log_format(ab, " protocol=%d", sa->aad->net.protocol);
+}
+
+/**
+ * audit_net - audit network access
+ * @profile: profile being enforced  (NOT NULL)
+ * @op: operation being checked
+ * @family: network family
+ * @type:   network type
+ * @protocol: network protocol
+ * @sk: socket auditing is being applied to
+ * @error: error code for failure else 0
+ *
+ * Returns: %0 or sa->error else other errorcode on failure
+ */
+static int audit_net(struct aa_profile *profile, int op, u16 family, int type,
+		     int protocol, struct sock *sk, int error)
+{
+	int audit_type = AUDIT_APPARMOR_AUTO;
+	struct common_audit_data sa;
+	struct apparmor_audit_data aad = { };
+	struct lsm_network_audit net = { };
+	if (sk) {
+		sa.type = LSM_AUDIT_DATA_NET;
+	} else {
+		sa.type = LSM_AUDIT_DATA_NONE;
+	}
+	/* todo fill in socket addr info */
+	sa.aad = &aad;
+	sa.u.net = &net;
+	sa.aad->op = op,
+	sa.u.net->family = family;
+	sa.u.net->sk = sk;
+	sa.aad->net.type = type;
+	sa.aad->net.protocol = protocol;
+	sa.aad->error = error;
+
+	if (likely(!sa.aad->error)) {
+		u16 audit_mask = profile->net.audit[sa.u.net->family];
+		if (likely((AUDIT_MODE(profile) != AUDIT_ALL) &&
+			   !(1 << sa.aad->net.type & audit_mask)))
+			return 0;
+		audit_type = AUDIT_APPARMOR_AUDIT;
+	} else {
+		u16 quiet_mask = profile->net.quiet[sa.u.net->family];
+		u16 kill_mask = 0;
+		u16 denied = (1 << sa.aad->net.type) & ~quiet_mask;
+
+		if (denied & kill_mask)
+			audit_type = AUDIT_APPARMOR_KILL;
+
+		if ((denied & quiet_mask) &&
+		    AUDIT_MODE(profile) != AUDIT_NOQUIET &&
+		    AUDIT_MODE(profile) != AUDIT_ALL)
+			return COMPLAIN_MODE(profile) ? 0 : sa.aad->error;
+	}
+
+	return aa_audit(audit_type, profile, GFP_KERNEL, &sa, audit_cb);
+}
+
+/**
+ * aa_net_perm - very course network access check
+ * @op: operation being checked
+ * @profile: profile being enforced  (NOT NULL)
+ * @family: network family
+ * @type:   network type
+ * @protocol: network protocol
+ *
+ * Returns: %0 else error if permission denied
+ */
+int aa_net_perm(int op, struct aa_profile *profile, u16 family, int type,
+		int protocol, struct sock *sk)
+{
+	u16 family_mask;
+	int error;
+
+	if ((family < 0) || (family >= AF_MAX))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if ((type < 0) || (type >= SOCK_MAX))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* unix domain and netlink sockets are handled by ipc */
+	if (family == AF_UNIX || family == AF_NETLINK)
+		return 0;
+
+	family_mask = profile->net.allow[family];
+
+	error = (family_mask & (1 << type)) ? 0 : -EACCES;
+
+	return audit_net(profile, op, family, type, protocol, sk, error);
+}
+
+/**
+ * aa_revalidate_sk - Revalidate access to a sock
+ * @op: operation being checked
+ * @sk: sock being revalidated  (NOT NULL)
+ *
+ * Returns: %0 else error if permission denied
+ */
+int aa_revalidate_sk(int op, struct sock *sk)
+{
+	struct aa_profile *profile;
+	int error = 0;
+
+	/* aa_revalidate_sk should not be called from interrupt context
+	 * don't mediate these calls as they are not task related
+	 */
+	if (in_interrupt())
+		return 0;
+
+	profile = __aa_current_profile();
+	if (!unconfined(profile))
+		error = aa_net_perm(op, profile, sk->sk_family, sk->sk_type,
+				    sk->sk_protocol, sk);
+
+	return error;
+}
diff --git a/security/apparmor/policy.c b/security/apparmor/policy.c
index cf5fd220309b..27c8161691ba 100644
--- a/security/apparmor/policy.c
+++ b/security/apparmor/policy.c
@@ -745,6 +745,7 @@ static void free_profile(struct aa_profile *profile)
 
 	aa_free_file_rules(&profile->file);
 	aa_free_cap_rules(&profile->caps);
+	aa_free_net_rules(&profile->net);
 	aa_free_rlimit_rules(&profile->rlimits);
 
 	aa_free_sid(profile->sid);
diff --git a/security/apparmor/policy_unpack.c b/security/apparmor/policy_unpack.c
index 329b1fd30749..1b90dfaa5517 100644
--- a/security/apparmor/policy_unpack.c
+++ b/security/apparmor/policy_unpack.c
@@ -193,6 +193,19 @@ fail:
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static bool unpack_u16(struct aa_ext *e, u16 *data, const char *name)
+{
+	if (unpack_nameX(e, AA_U16, name)) {
+		if (!inbounds(e, sizeof(u16)))
+			return 0;
+		if (data)
+			*data = le16_to_cpu(get_unaligned((u16 *) e->pos));
+		e->pos += sizeof(u16);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static bool unpack_u32(struct aa_ext *e, u32 *data, const char *name)
 {
 	if (unpack_nameX(e, AA_U32, name)) {
@@ -471,6 +484,7 @@ static struct aa_profile *unpack_profile(struct aa_ext *e)
 {
 	struct aa_profile *profile = NULL;
 	const char *name = NULL;
+	size_t size = 0;
 	int i, error = -EPROTO;
 	kernel_cap_t tmpcap;
 	u32 tmp;
@@ -564,6 +578,38 @@ static struct aa_profile *unpack_profile(struct aa_ext *e)
 	if (!unpack_rlimits(e, profile))
 		goto fail;
 
+	size = unpack_array(e, "net_allowed_af");
+	if (size) {
+
+		for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+			/* discard extraneous rules that this kernel will
+			 * never request
+			 */
+			if (i >= AF_MAX) {
+				u16 tmp;
+				if (!unpack_u16(e, &tmp, NULL) ||
+				    !unpack_u16(e, &tmp, NULL) ||
+				    !unpack_u16(e, &tmp, NULL))
+					goto fail;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!unpack_u16(e, &profile->net.allow[i], NULL))
+				goto fail;
+			if (!unpack_u16(e, &profile->net.audit[i], NULL))
+				goto fail;
+			if (!unpack_u16(e, &profile->net.quiet[i], NULL))
+				goto fail;
+		}
+		if (!unpack_nameX(e, AA_ARRAYEND, NULL))
+			goto fail;
+	}
+	/*
+	 * allow unix domain and netlink sockets they are handled
+	 * by IPC
+	 */
+	profile->net.allow[AF_UNIX] = 0xffff;
+	profile->net.allow[AF_NETLINK] = 0xffff;
+
 	if (unpack_nameX(e, AA_STRUCT, "policydb")) {
 		/* generic policy dfa - optional and may be NULL */
 		profile->policy.dfa = unpack_dfa(e);
diff --git a/security/commoncap.c b/security/commoncap.c
index 8b431e4e5916..107919d99b08 100644
--- a/security/commoncap.c
+++ b/security/commoncap.c
@@ -996,3 +996,5 @@ int cap_mmap_file(struct file *file, unsigned long reqprot,
 {
 	return 0;
 }
+
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(cap_mmap_file);
diff --git a/security/device_cgroup.c b/security/device_cgroup.c
index 442204cc22d9..74aa1f9ac7ad 100644
--- a/security/device_cgroup.c
+++ b/security/device_cgroup.c
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
 #include <linux/mutex.h>
+#include <linux/export.h>
 
 #define ACC_MKNOD 1
 #define ACC_READ  2
@@ -493,6 +494,7 @@ found:
 
 	return -EPERM;
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(__devcgroup_inode_permission);
 
 int devcgroup_inode_mknod(int mode, dev_t dev)
 {
diff --git a/security/security.c b/security/security.c
index 3efc9b12aef4..7fb3683fdad9 100644
--- a/security/security.c
+++ b/security/security.c
@@ -135,6 +135,10 @@ int __init register_security(struct security_operations *ops)
 
 int security_ptrace_access_check(struct task_struct *child, unsigned int mode)
 {
+	int rc;
+	rc = yama_ptrace_access_check(child, mode);
+	if (rc)
+		return rc;
 	return security_ops->ptrace_access_check(child, mode);
 }
 
@@ -383,6 +387,7 @@ int security_path_rmdir(struct path *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
 		return 0;
 	return security_ops->path_rmdir(dir, dentry);
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(security_path_rmdir);
 
 int security_path_unlink(struct path *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
 {
@@ -399,14 +404,20 @@ int security_path_symlink(struct path *dir, struct dentry *dentry,
 		return 0;
 	return security_ops->path_symlink(dir, dentry, old_name);
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(security_path_symlink);
 
 int security_path_link(struct dentry *old_dentry, struct path *new_dir,
 		       struct dentry *new_dentry)
 {
+	int rc;
 	if (unlikely(IS_PRIVATE(old_dentry->d_inode)))
 		return 0;
+	rc = yama_path_link(old_dentry, new_dir, new_dentry);
+	if (rc)
+		return rc;
 	return security_ops->path_link(old_dentry, new_dir, new_dentry);
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(security_path_link);
 
 int security_path_rename(struct path *old_dir, struct dentry *old_dentry,
 			 struct path *new_dir, struct dentry *new_dentry)
@@ -425,6 +436,7 @@ int security_path_truncate(struct path *path)
 		return 0;
 	return security_ops->path_truncate(path);
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(security_path_truncate);
 
 int security_path_chmod(struct path *path, umode_t mode)
 {
@@ -432,6 +444,7 @@ int security_path_chmod(struct path *path, umode_t mode)
 		return 0;
 	return security_ops->path_chmod(path, mode);
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(security_path_chmod);
 
 int security_path_chown(struct path *path, uid_t uid, gid_t gid)
 {
@@ -439,6 +452,7 @@ int security_path_chown(struct path *path, uid_t uid, gid_t gid)
 		return 0;
 	return security_ops->path_chown(path, uid, gid);
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(security_path_chown);
 
 int security_path_chroot(struct path *path)
 {
@@ -515,11 +529,16 @@ int security_inode_readlink(struct dentry *dentry)
 		return 0;
 	return security_ops->inode_readlink(dentry);
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(security_inode_readlink);
 
 int security_inode_follow_link(struct dentry *dentry, struct nameidata *nd)
 {
+	int rc;
 	if (unlikely(IS_PRIVATE(dentry->d_inode)))
 		return 0;
+	rc = yama_inode_follow_link(dentry, nd);
+	if (rc)
+		return rc;
 	return security_ops->inode_follow_link(dentry, nd);
 }
 
@@ -529,6 +548,7 @@ int security_inode_permission(struct inode *inode, int mask)
 		return 0;
 	return security_ops->inode_permission(inode, mask);
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(security_inode_permission);
 
 int security_inode_setattr(struct dentry *dentry, struct iattr *attr)
 {
@@ -644,6 +664,7 @@ int security_file_permission(struct file *file, int mask)
 
 	return fsnotify_perm(file, mask);
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(security_file_permission);
 
 int security_file_alloc(struct file *file)
 {
@@ -704,6 +725,7 @@ int security_mmap_file(struct file *file, unsigned long prot,
 		return ret;
 	return ima_file_mmap(file, prot);
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(security_mmap_file);
 
 int security_mmap_addr(unsigned long addr)
 {
@@ -760,6 +782,7 @@ int security_task_create(unsigned long clone_flags)
 
 void security_task_free(struct task_struct *task)
 {
+	yama_task_free(task);
 	security_ops->task_free(task);
 }
 
@@ -875,6 +898,10 @@ int security_task_wait(struct task_struct *p)
 int security_task_prctl(int option, unsigned long arg2, unsigned long arg3,
 			 unsigned long arg4, unsigned long arg5)
 {
+	int rc;
+	rc = yama_task_prctl(option, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5);
+	if (rc != -ENOSYS)
+		return rc;
 	return security_ops->task_prctl(option, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5);
 }
 
diff --git a/security/yama/Kconfig b/security/yama/Kconfig
index 51d6709d8bbd..1a5d1c1a7db4 100644
--- a/security/yama/Kconfig
+++ b/security/yama/Kconfig
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ config SECURITY_YAMA
 	help
 	  This selects Yama, which extends DAC support with additional
 	  system-wide security settings beyond regular Linux discretionary
-	  access controls. Currently available is ptrace scope restriction.
-	  Further information can be found in Documentation/security/Yama.txt.
+	  access controls. Currently available are symlink, hardlink, and
+	  ptrace scope restrictions. Further information can be found in
+	  Documentation/security/Yama.txt.
 
 	  If you are unsure how to answer this question, answer N.
diff --git a/security/yama/yama_lsm.c b/security/yama/yama_lsm.c
index 83554ee8a587..8694b0e3f8e1 100644
--- a/security/yama/yama_lsm.c
+++ b/security/yama/yama_lsm.c
@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@
 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
 #include <linux/prctl.h>
 #include <linux/ratelimit.h>
+#include <linux/stat.h>
+#include <linux/dcache.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
 
 #define YAMA_SCOPE_DISABLED	0
 #define YAMA_SCOPE_RELATIONAL	1
@@ -24,6 +27,8 @@
 #define YAMA_SCOPE_NO_ATTACH	3
 
 static int ptrace_scope = YAMA_SCOPE_RELATIONAL;
+static int protected_sticky_symlinks = 1;
+static int protected_nonaccess_hardlinks = 1;
 
 /* describe a ptrace relationship for potential exception */
 struct ptrace_relation {
@@ -100,7 +105,7 @@ static void yama_ptracer_del(struct task_struct *tracer,
  * yama_task_free - check for task_pid to remove from exception list
  * @task: task being removed
  */
-static void yama_task_free(struct task_struct *task)
+void yama_task_free(struct task_struct *task)
 {
 	yama_ptracer_del(task, task);
 }
@@ -116,7 +121,7 @@ static void yama_task_free(struct task_struct *task)
  * Return 0 on success, -ve on error.  -ENOSYS is returned when Yama
  * does not handle the given option.
  */
-static int yama_task_prctl(int option, unsigned long arg2, unsigned long arg3,
+int yama_task_prctl(int option, unsigned long arg2, unsigned long arg3,
 			   unsigned long arg4, unsigned long arg5)
 {
 	int rc;
@@ -243,7 +248,7 @@ static int ptracer_exception_found(struct task_struct *tracer,
  *
  * Returns 0 if following the ptrace is allowed, -ve on error.
  */
-static int yama_ptrace_access_check(struct task_struct *child,
+int yama_ptrace_access_check(struct task_struct *child,
 				    unsigned int mode)
 {
 	int rc;
@@ -290,13 +295,118 @@ static int yama_ptrace_access_check(struct task_struct *child,
 	return rc;
 }
 
-static struct security_operations yama_ops = {
-	.name =			"yama",
+/**
+ * yama_inode_follow_link - check for symlinks in sticky world-writeable dirs
+ * @dentry: The inode/dentry of the symlink
+ * @nameidata: The path data of the symlink
+ *
+ * In the case of the protected_sticky_symlinks sysctl being enabled,
+ * CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE needs to be specifically ignored if the symlink is
+ * in a sticky world-writable directory.  This is to protect privileged
+ * processes from failing races against path names that may change out
+ * from under them by way of other users creating malicious symlinks.
+ * It will permit symlinks to only be followed when outside a sticky
+ * world-writable directory, or when the uid of the symlink and follower
+ * match, or when the directory owner matches the symlink's owner.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 if following the symlink is allowed, -ve on error.
+ */
+int yama_inode_follow_link(struct dentry *dentry,
+				  struct nameidata *nameidata)
+{
+	int rc = 0;
+	const struct inode *parent;
+	const struct inode *inode;
+	const struct cred *cred;
 
-	.ptrace_access_check =	yama_ptrace_access_check,
-	.task_prctl =		yama_task_prctl,
-	.task_free =		yama_task_free,
-};
+	if (!protected_sticky_symlinks)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* if inode isn't a symlink, don't try to evaluate blocking it */
+	inode = dentry->d_inode;
+	if (!S_ISLNK(inode->i_mode))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* owner and follower match? */
+	cred = current_cred();
+	if (cred->fsuid == inode->i_uid)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* check parent directory mode and owner */
+	spin_lock(&dentry->d_lock);
+	parent = dentry->d_parent->d_inode;
+	if ((parent->i_mode & (S_ISVTX|S_IWOTH)) == (S_ISVTX|S_IWOTH) &&
+	    parent->i_uid != inode->i_uid) {
+		rc = -EACCES;
+	}
+	spin_unlock(&dentry->d_lock);
+
+	if (rc) {
+		char name[sizeof(current->comm)];
+		printk_ratelimited(KERN_NOTICE "non-matching-uid symlink "
+			"following attempted in sticky world-writable "
+			"directory by %s (fsuid %d != %d)\n",
+			get_task_comm(name, current),
+			cred->fsuid, inode->i_uid);
+	}
+
+	return rc;
+}
+
+static int yama_generic_permission(struct inode *inode, int mask)
+{
+	int retval;
+
+	if (inode->i_op->permission)
+		retval = inode->i_op->permission(inode, mask);
+	else
+		retval = generic_permission(inode, mask);
+	return retval;
+}
+
+/**
+ * yama_path_link - verify that hardlinking is allowed
+ * @old_dentry: the source inode/dentry to hardlink from
+ * @new_dir: target directory
+ * @new_dentry: the target inode/dentry to hardlink to
+ *
+ * Block hardlink when all of:
+ *  - fsuid does not match inode
+ *  - not CAP_FOWNER
+ *  - and at least one of:
+ *    - inode is not a regular file
+ *    - inode is setuid
+ *    - inode is setgid and group-exec
+ *    - access failure for read and write
+ *
+ * Returns 0 if successful, -ve on error.
+ */
+int yama_path_link(struct dentry *old_dentry, struct path *new_dir,
+			  struct dentry *new_dentry)
+{
+	int rc = 0;
+	struct inode *inode = old_dentry->d_inode;
+	const int mode = inode->i_mode;
+	const struct cred *cred = current_cred();
+
+	if (!protected_nonaccess_hardlinks)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (cred->fsuid != inode->i_uid &&
+	    (!S_ISREG(mode) || (mode & S_ISUID) ||
+	     ((mode & (S_ISGID | S_IXGRP)) == (S_ISGID | S_IXGRP)) ||
+	     (yama_generic_permission(inode, MAY_READ | MAY_WRITE))) &&
+	    !capable(CAP_FOWNER)) {
+		char name[sizeof(current->comm)];
+		printk_ratelimited(KERN_NOTICE "non-accessible hardlink"
+			" creation was attempted by: %s (fsuid %d)\n",
+			get_task_comm(name, current),
+			cred->fsuid);
+		rc = -EPERM;
+	}
+
+	return rc;
+}
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_SYSCTL
 static int yama_dointvec_minmax(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
@@ -329,6 +439,24 @@ struct ctl_path yama_sysctl_path[] = {
 
 static struct ctl_table yama_sysctl_table[] = {
 	{
+		.procname       = "protected_sticky_symlinks",
+		.data           = &protected_sticky_symlinks,
+		.maxlen         = sizeof(int),
+		.mode           = 0644,
+		.proc_handler   = proc_dointvec_minmax,
+		.extra1         = &zero,
+		.extra2         = &max_scope,
+	},
+	{
+		.procname       = "protected_nonaccess_hardlinks",
+		.data           = &protected_nonaccess_hardlinks,
+		.maxlen         = sizeof(int),
+		.mode           = 0644,
+		.proc_handler   = proc_dointvec_minmax,
+		.extra1         = &zero,
+		.extra2         = &max_scope,
+	},
+	{
 		.procname       = "ptrace_scope",
 		.data           = &ptrace_scope,
 		.maxlen         = sizeof(int),
@@ -343,14 +471,8 @@ static struct ctl_table yama_sysctl_table[] = {
 
 static __init int yama_init(void)
 {
-	if (!security_module_enable(&yama_ops))
-		return 0;
-
 	printk(KERN_INFO "Yama: becoming mindful.\n");
 
-	if (register_security(&yama_ops))
-		panic("Yama: kernel registration failed.\n");
-
 #ifdef CONFIG_SYSCTL
 	if (!register_sysctl_paths(yama_sysctl_path, yama_sysctl_table))
 		panic("Yama: sysctl registration failed.\n");
diff --git a/tools/hv/Makefile b/tools/hv/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ef87f85849dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/hv/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+hv_kvp_daemon: hv_kvp_daemon.c
+
+clean:
+	rm -f  hv_kvp_daemon
+
+install:
+	install hv_kvp_daemon /usr/sbin/
diff --git a/tools/hv/hv_kvp_daemon.8 b/tools/hv/hv_kvp_daemon.8
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0fb4577a1f07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/hv/hv_kvp_daemon.8
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+.\"  This page Copyright (C) 2012 Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>
+.\"  Distributed under the GPL v2 or later.
+.TH HV_KVP_DAEMON 8
+.SH NAME
+hv_kvp_daemon \- Hyper-V Key Value Pair daemon
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.ft B
+.B hv_kvp_daemon
+.br
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+\fBhv_kvp_daemon\fP
+is the userspace component of the Hyper-V key value pair functionality,
+communicating via a netlink socket with the kernel HV-KVP driver.
+This pairing allows the Hyper-V host to pass configuration information
+(such as IP addresses) to the guest and allows the host to obtain guest
+version information.
+
+.SH FILES
+.ta
+.nf
+/var/opt/hyperv/.kvp_pool_*
+.fi
+
+.SH AUTHORS
+.nf
+Written by K. Y. Srinivasan <ksrinivasan@novell.com>
diff --git a/ubuntu/Kconfig b/ubuntu/Kconfig
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..faedd0bbc16b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/Kconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+menu "Ubuntu Supplied Third-Party Device Drivers"
+
+#
+# NOTE: to allow drivers to be added and removed without causing merge
+# collisions you should add new entries in the middle of the six lines
+# of ## at the bottom of the list.  Always add three lines of ## above
+# your new entry and maintain the six lines below.
+#
+
+##
+##
+##
+source "ubuntu/dm-raid4-5/Kconfig"
+##
+##
+##
+##
+##
+source "ubuntu/aufs/Kconfig"
+##
+
+endmenu
diff --git a/ubuntu/Makefile b/ubuntu/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..997d9b990f1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#
+# Makefile for the Linux kernel ubuntu supplied third-party device drivers.
+#
+
+#
+# NOTE: to allow drivers to be added and removed without causing merge
+# collisions you should add new entries in the middle of the six lines
+# of ## at the bottom of the list.  Always add three lines of ## above
+# your new entry and maintain the six lines below.
+#
+
+##
+##
+##
+obj-$(CONFIG_DM_RAID45)		+= dm-raid4-5/
+##
+##
+##
+##
+##
+##
+#obj-$(CONFIG_AUFS_FS)		+= aufs/
+##
+##
+##
+
+# This is a stupid trick to get kbuild to create ubuntu/built-in.o
+obj- += foo.o
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs-update b/ubuntu/aufs-update
new file mode 100755
index 000000000000..a31cf944d7ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs-update
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# NOTE: See aufs/BOM.UPDATING for instructions on how to use this updater.
+#
+
+if [ "$#" -ne 1 ]; then
+	echo "Usage: $0 <aufs2-standalone directory>" 1>&2
+	exit 1
+fi
+aufs="$1"
+
+# Get the current tip name
+{
+	read x url
+	read x o_log_sha1
+	read x o_tip_sha1
+} <aufs/BOM
+
+# Identify the tip of the standalone tree for reporting
+n_tip_sha1=`( cd "$aufs" && git log --format=%H HEAD^..HEAD )`
+
+# Update aufs to the latest.
+git rm -rf aufs
+cp -rp "$aufs/fs/aufs" aufs
+#cp -rp "$aufs/include" aufs
+cp -rp "$aufs/include/linux"/*.h include/linux
+git checkout -f HEAD -- aufs/BOM aufs/BOM.UPDATING
+
+# Reinsert the include update.
+#sed -i -e '1iEXTRA_CFLAGS += -I$(src)/include' aufs/Makefile
+
+# Fix the relative patch references ...
+sed -i -e 's@/include/@/ubuntu/include/@g;' aufs/Makefile
+
+## # Find the latest commit in the ChangeLog.
+## read x n_log_sha1 <"$aufs/ChangeLog"
+
+# Insert the new commit ID and commit the result.
+sed -i -e "s/^COMMIT: .*/COMMIT: $n_tip_sha1/" aufs/BOM
+sed -i -e "s/^CHANGELOG: .*/CHANGELOG: $n_log_sha1/" aufs/BOM
+
+git add aufs include/linux
+{
+	echo "UBUNTU: ubuntu: AUFS -- update to $n_tip_sha1"
+	echo ""
+	(cd "$aufs" && git log --no-merges "$o_tip_sha1..$n_tip_sha1" | git shortlog)
+## 	awk <"$aufs/ChangeLog" '
+## 		/^commit '"$o_log_sha1"'/ 	{ exit }
+## 						{ print "    " $0 }
+## 	'
+} | git commit -s -F -
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/BOM b/ubuntu/aufs/BOM
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f549f2e3ea1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/BOM
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+URL: git://aufs.git.sourceforge.net/gitroot/aufs/aufs3-standalone.git
+CHANGELOG: 
+COMMIT: d266b0c5d0693d6383976ee54b9e2c0fa9a3f5b0
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/BOM.UPDATING b/ubuntu/aufs/BOM.UPDATING
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e2975b3ddf18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/BOM.UPDATING
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+= How to update AUFS2 =
+
+This document covers the process for updating aufs2 within the Ubuntu
+drivers directory.  
+
+== Background ==
+
+Upstream aufs2 is maintained in a git tree as below (which is _not_ used
+when updating Ubuntu).  This represents the primary upstream source tree:
+
+    http://git.c3sl.ufpr.br/pub/scm/aufs/aufs2-2.6.git
+
+However this is on an http: transport and incredibly slow.  It is advisable
+to also add the gitorius mirror to your tree, fetching that before origin
+to reduce the objects you need from the main tree:
+
+    git://gitorious.org/aufs2/aufs2.git
+
+Ubuntu updates are actually taken from the aufs2-standalone tree, somewhat
+similar to the compat-wireless tree.  The version in this tree is based on
+the mainline tree above but is modularisable, a key requirement for Ubuntu.
+This tree is found at the git tree below (check the BOM for the definative
+location):
+
+    http://git.c3sl.ufpr.br/pub/scm/aufs/aufs2-standalone.git
+
+This tree contains a set of branches, one per upstream release.  The
+aufs2.1 branch represents the mainline tracking branch, with aufs-2.1-38
+representing the delta to mainline 2.6.38.  Each branch contains a set
+of patches which affect the core enabling the application of aufs2, plus
+an open tree for the fs/aufs tree.  The core patches tend to be static
+from early in the line of an upstream release, and thus generally do not
+need updating as often.
+
+== Updating the core patches ==
+
+Ubuntu uses two of the core enablement patches, which are applied in the
+order below.  The remaining changes required to enable aufs are Ubuntu
+specific and static:
+
+    aufs2-base.patch
+    aufs2-standalone.patch
+
+In order to update these patches it is simplest to simply revert the
+existing pair and apply these as two commit.  This allows us to more
+easily drop aufs in the future should that be required.
+
+As these core enablement patches are very slow in changing we normally
+do not need to update these more than once per upstream mainline release
+though sometimes changes do affect these.
+
+== Updating aufs2 ==
+
+Once the enablement patches are updated we can simply use the aufs-update
+script in the ubuntu/ directory to update the existing source.  There are
+regular updates to the aufs2 upstream and it is likely we will see updates
+there more than once a month.
+
+Firstly checkout the upstream standalone tree (see the BOM for the
+location) and checkout an appropriate branch for the release you are
+updating.  Then simply run the aufs-update command from within the ubuntu/
+drivers directory, supplying the location of the local aufs2-standalone tree
+on the command line:
+
+	cd ubuntu
+	sh aufs-update ../../aufs2-standalone
+
+This will result in an update commit containing the updated code and
+also updating the BOM.  Note that any local modifications are now lost.
+Where those exist they should be cherry-picked and then squashed into
+the update commit to ensure we retain them.
+
+== Ubuntu modifications ==
+
+We carry a very small delta to the upstream aufs2 source.  Any such changes
+need to be cherry-picked from the history and squashed into any update
+commit in order to prevent regression.  Any current patches are listed below:
+
+Lucid/Maverick/Natty/Oneiric:
+    UBUNTU: ubuntu: AUFS -- suppress benign plink warning messages
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/Kconfig b/ubuntu/aufs/Kconfig
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7a96cb5c26ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/Kconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+config AUFS_FS
+	tristate "Aufs (Advanced multi layered unification filesystem) support"
+	depends on EXPERIMENTAL
+	help
+	Aufs is a stackable unification filesystem such as Unionfs,
+	which unifies several directories and provides a merged single
+	directory.
+	In the early days, aufs was entirely re-designed and
+	re-implemented Unionfs Version 1.x series. Introducing many
+	original ideas, approaches and improvements, it becomes totally
+	different from Unionfs while keeping the basic features.
+
+if AUFS_FS
+choice
+	prompt "Maximum number of branches"
+	default AUFS_BRANCH_MAX_127
+	help
+	Specifies the maximum number of branches (or member directories)
+	in a single aufs. The larger value consumes more system
+	resources and has a minor impact to performance.
+config AUFS_BRANCH_MAX_127
+	bool "127"
+	help
+	Specifies the maximum number of branches (or member directories)
+	in a single aufs. The larger value consumes more system
+	resources and has a minor impact to performance.
+config AUFS_BRANCH_MAX_511
+	bool "511"
+	help
+	Specifies the maximum number of branches (or member directories)
+	in a single aufs. The larger value consumes more system
+	resources and has a minor impact to performance.
+config AUFS_BRANCH_MAX_1023
+	bool "1023"
+	help
+	Specifies the maximum number of branches (or member directories)
+	in a single aufs. The larger value consumes more system
+	resources and has a minor impact to performance.
+config AUFS_BRANCH_MAX_32767
+	bool "32767"
+	help
+	Specifies the maximum number of branches (or member directories)
+	in a single aufs. The larger value consumes more system
+	resources and has a minor impact to performance.
+endchoice
+
+config AUFS_SBILIST
+	bool
+	depends on AUFS_MAGIC_SYSRQ || PROC_FS
+	default y
+	help
+	Automatic configuration for internal use.
+	When aufs supports Magic SysRq or /proc, enabled automatically.
+
+config AUFS_HNOTIFY
+	bool "Detect direct branch access (bypassing aufs)"
+	help
+	If you want to modify files on branches directly, eg. bypassing aufs,
+	and want aufs to detect the changes of them fully, then enable this
+	option and use 'udba=notify' mount option.
+	Currently there is only one available configuration, "fsnotify".
+	It will have a negative impact to the performance.
+	See detail in aufs.5.
+
+choice
+	prompt "method" if AUFS_HNOTIFY
+	default AUFS_HFSNOTIFY
+config AUFS_HFSNOTIFY
+	bool "fsnotify"
+	select FSNOTIFY
+endchoice
+
+config AUFS_EXPORT
+	bool "NFS-exportable aufs"
+	depends on EXPORTFS
+	help
+	If you want to export your mounted aufs via NFS, then enable this
+	option. There are several requirements for this configuration.
+	See detail in aufs.5.
+
+config AUFS_INO_T_64
+	bool
+	depends on AUFS_EXPORT
+	depends on 64BIT && !(ALPHA || S390)
+	default y
+	help
+	Automatic configuration for internal use.
+	/* typedef unsigned long/int __kernel_ino_t */
+	/* alpha and s390x are int */
+
+config AUFS_RDU
+	bool "Readdir in userspace"
+	help
+	Aufs has two methods to provide a merged view for a directory,
+	by a user-space library and by kernel-space natively. The latter
+	is always enabled but sometimes large and slow.
+	If you enable this option, install the library in aufs2-util
+	package, and set some environment variables for your readdir(3),
+	then the work will be handled in user-space which generally
+	shows better performance in most cases.
+	See detail in aufs.5.
+
+config AUFS_PROC_MAP
+	bool "support for /proc/maps and lsof(1)"
+	depends on PROC_FS
+	help
+	When you issue mmap(2) in aufs, it is actually a direct mmap(2)
+	call to the file on the branch fs since the file in aufs is
+	purely virtual. And the file path printed in /proc/maps (and
+	others) will be the path on the branch fs. In most cases, it
+	does no harm. But some utilities like lsof(1) may confuse since
+	the utility or user may expect the file path in aufs to be
+	printed.
+	To address this issue, aufs provides a patch which introduces a
+	new member called vm_prfile into struct vm_are_struct. The patch
+	is meaningless without enabling this configuration since nobody
+	sets the new vm_prfile member.
+	If you don't apply the patch, then enabling this configuration
+	will cause a compile error.
+	This approach is fragile since if someone else make some changes
+	around vm_file, then vm_prfile may not work anymore. As a
+	workaround such case, aufs provides this configuration. If you
+	disable it, then lsof(1) may produce incorrect result but the
+	problem will be gone even if the aufs patch is applied (I hope).
+
+config AUFS_SP_IATTR
+	bool "Respect the attributes (mtime/ctime mainly) of special files"
+	help
+	When you write something to a special file, some attributes of it
+	(mtime/ctime mainly) may be updated. Generally such updates are
+	less important (actually some device drivers and NFS ignore
+	it). But some applications (such like test program) requires
+	such updates. If you need these updates, then enable this
+	configuration which introduces some overhead.
+	Currently this configuration handles FIFO only.
+
+config AUFS_SHWH
+	bool "Show whiteouts"
+	help
+	If you want to make the whiteouts in aufs visible, then enable
+	this option and specify 'shwh' mount option. Although it may
+	sounds like philosophy or something, but in technically it
+	simply shows the name of whiteout with keeping its behaviour.
+
+config AUFS_BR_RAMFS
+	bool "Ramfs (initramfs/rootfs) as an aufs branch"
+	help
+	If you want to use ramfs as an aufs branch fs, then enable this
+	option. Generally tmpfs is recommended.
+	Aufs prohibited them to be a branch fs by default, because
+	initramfs becomes unusable after switch_root or something
+	generally. If you sets initramfs as an aufs branch and boot your
+	system by switch_root, you will meet a problem easily since the
+	files in initramfs may be inaccessible.
+	Unless you are going to use ramfs as an aufs branch fs without
+	switch_root or something, leave it N.
+
+config AUFS_BR_FUSE
+	bool "Fuse fs as an aufs branch"
+	depends on FUSE_FS
+	select AUFS_POLL
+	help
+	If you want to use fuse-based userspace filesystem as an aufs
+	branch fs, then enable this option.
+	It implements the internal poll(2) operation which is
+	implemented by fuse only (curretnly).
+
+config AUFS_POLL
+	bool
+	help
+	Automatic configuration for internal use.
+
+config AUFS_BR_HFSPLUS
+	bool "Hfsplus as an aufs branch"
+	depends on HFSPLUS_FS
+	default y
+	help
+	If you want to use hfsplus fs as an aufs branch fs, then enable
+	this option. This option introduces a small overhead at
+	copying-up a file on hfsplus.
+
+config AUFS_BDEV_LOOP
+	bool
+	depends on BLK_DEV_LOOP
+	default y
+	help
+	Automatic configuration for internal use.
+	Convert =[ym] into =y.
+
+config AUFS_DEBUG
+	bool "Debug aufs"
+	help
+	Enable this to compile aufs internal debug code.
+	It will have a negative impact to the performance.
+
+config AUFS_MAGIC_SYSRQ
+	bool
+	depends on AUFS_DEBUG && MAGIC_SYSRQ
+	default y
+	help
+	Automatic configuration for internal use.
+	When aufs supports Magic SysRq, enabled automatically.
+endif
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/Makefile b/ubuntu/aufs/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7e60943ffd4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+
+include ${src}/magic.mk
+ifeq (${CONFIG_AUFS_FS},m)
+include ${src}/conf.mk
+endif
+-include ${src}/priv_def.mk
+
+# cf. include/linux/kernel.h
+# enable pr_debug
+ccflags-y += -DDEBUG
+# sparse requires the full pathname
+ifdef M
+ccflags-y += -include ${M}/../../ubuntu/include/linux/aufs_type.h
+else
+ccflags-y += -include ${srctree}/ubuntu/include/linux/aufs_type.h
+endif
+
+obj-$(CONFIG_AUFS_FS) += aufs.o
+aufs-y := module.o sbinfo.o super.o branch.o xino.o sysaufs.o opts.o \
+	wkq.o vfsub.o dcsub.o \
+	cpup.o whout.o wbr_policy.o \
+	dinfo.o dentry.o \
+	dynop.o \
+	finfo.o file.o f_op.o \
+	dir.o vdir.o \
+	iinfo.o inode.o i_op.o i_op_add.o i_op_del.o i_op_ren.o \
+	ioctl.o
+
+# all are boolean
+aufs-$(CONFIG_PROC_FS) += procfs.o plink.o
+aufs-$(CONFIG_SYSFS) += sysfs.o
+aufs-$(CONFIG_DEBUG_FS) += dbgaufs.o
+aufs-$(CONFIG_AUFS_BDEV_LOOP) += loop.o
+aufs-$(CONFIG_AUFS_HNOTIFY) += hnotify.o
+aufs-$(CONFIG_AUFS_HFSNOTIFY) += hfsnotify.o
+aufs-$(CONFIG_AUFS_EXPORT) += export.o
+aufs-$(CONFIG_AUFS_POLL) += poll.o
+aufs-$(CONFIG_AUFS_RDU) += rdu.o
+aufs-$(CONFIG_AUFS_SP_IATTR) += f_op_sp.o
+aufs-$(CONFIG_AUFS_BR_HFSPLUS) += hfsplus.o
+aufs-$(CONFIG_AUFS_DEBUG) += debug.o
+aufs-$(CONFIG_AUFS_MAGIC_SYSRQ) += sysrq.o
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/aufs.h b/ubuntu/aufs/aufs.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..33963a85a68c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/aufs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * all header files
+ */
+
+#ifndef __AUFS_H__
+#define __AUFS_H__
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+
+#define AuStub(type, name, body, ...) \
+	static inline type name(__VA_ARGS__) { body; }
+
+#define AuStubVoid(name, ...) \
+	AuStub(void, name, , __VA_ARGS__)
+#define AuStubInt0(name, ...) \
+	AuStub(int, name, return 0, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#include "debug.h"
+
+#include "branch.h"
+#include "cpup.h"
+#include "dcsub.h"
+#include "dbgaufs.h"
+#include "dentry.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "dynop.h"
+#include "file.h"
+#include "fstype.h"
+#include "inode.h"
+#include "loop.h"
+#include "module.h"
+#include "opts.h"
+#include "rwsem.h"
+#include "spl.h"
+#include "super.h"
+#include "sysaufs.h"
+#include "vfsub.h"
+#include "whout.h"
+#include "wkq.h"
+
+#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
+#endif /* __AUFS_H__ */
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/branch.c b/ubuntu/aufs/branch.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4cfe9e28e2a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/branch.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1169 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * branch management
+ */
+
+#include <linux/compat.h>
+#include <linux/statfs.h>
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+/*
+ * free a single branch
+ */
+static void au_br_do_free(struct au_branch *br)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct au_wbr *wbr;
+	struct au_dykey **key;
+
+	au_hnotify_fin_br(br);
+
+	if (br->br_xino.xi_file)
+		fput(br->br_xino.xi_file);
+	mutex_destroy(&br->br_xino.xi_nondir_mtx);
+
+	AuDebugOn(atomic_read(&br->br_count));
+
+	wbr = br->br_wbr;
+	if (wbr) {
+		for (i = 0; i < AuBrWh_Last; i++)
+			dput(wbr->wbr_wh[i]);
+		AuDebugOn(atomic_read(&wbr->wbr_wh_running));
+		AuRwDestroy(&wbr->wbr_wh_rwsem);
+	}
+
+	key = br->br_dykey;
+	for (i = 0; i < AuBrDynOp; i++, key++)
+		if (*key)
+			au_dy_put(*key);
+		else
+			break;
+
+	mntput(br->br_mnt);
+	kfree(wbr);
+	kfree(br);
+}
+
+/*
+ * frees all branches
+ */
+void au_br_free(struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo)
+{
+	aufs_bindex_t bmax;
+	struct au_branch **br;
+
+	AuRwMustWriteLock(&sbinfo->si_rwsem);
+
+	bmax = sbinfo->si_bend + 1;
+	br = sbinfo->si_branch;
+	while (bmax--)
+		au_br_do_free(*br++);
+}
+
+/*
+ * find the index of a branch which is specified by @br_id.
+ */
+int au_br_index(struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t br_id)
+{
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, bend;
+
+	bend = au_sbend(sb);
+	for (bindex = 0; bindex <= bend; bindex++)
+		if (au_sbr_id(sb, bindex) == br_id)
+			return bindex;
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/*
+ * add a branch
+ */
+
+static int test_overlap(struct super_block *sb, struct dentry *h_adding,
+			struct dentry *h_root)
+{
+	if (unlikely(h_adding == h_root
+		     || au_test_loopback_overlap(sb, h_adding)))
+		return 1;
+	if (h_adding->d_sb != h_root->d_sb)
+		return 0;
+	return au_test_subdir(h_adding, h_root)
+		|| au_test_subdir(h_root, h_adding);
+}
+
+/*
+ * returns a newly allocated branch. @new_nbranch is a number of branches
+ * after adding a branch.
+ */
+static struct au_branch *au_br_alloc(struct super_block *sb, int new_nbranch,
+				     int perm)
+{
+	struct au_branch *add_branch;
+	struct dentry *root;
+	int err;
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	root = sb->s_root;
+	add_branch = kmalloc(sizeof(*add_branch), GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(!add_branch))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = au_hnotify_init_br(add_branch, perm);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_br;
+
+	add_branch->br_wbr = NULL;
+	if (au_br_writable(perm)) {
+		/* may be freed separately at changing the branch permission */
+		add_branch->br_wbr = kmalloc(sizeof(*add_branch->br_wbr),
+					     GFP_NOFS);
+		if (unlikely(!add_branch->br_wbr))
+			goto out_hnotify;
+	}
+
+	err = au_sbr_realloc(au_sbi(sb), new_nbranch);
+	if (!err)
+		err = au_di_realloc(au_di(root), new_nbranch);
+	if (!err)
+		err = au_ii_realloc(au_ii(root->d_inode), new_nbranch);
+	if (!err)
+		return add_branch; /* success */
+
+	kfree(add_branch->br_wbr);
+
+out_hnotify:
+	au_hnotify_fin_br(add_branch);
+out_br:
+	kfree(add_branch);
+out:
+	return ERR_PTR(err);
+}
+
+/*
+ * test if the branch permission is legal or not.
+ */
+static int test_br(struct inode *inode, int brperm, char *path)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	err = (au_br_writable(brperm) && IS_RDONLY(inode));
+	if (!err)
+		goto out;
+
+	err = -EINVAL;
+	pr_err("write permission for readonly mount or inode, %s\n", path);
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * returns:
+ * 0: success, the caller will add it
+ * plus: success, it is already unified, the caller should ignore it
+ * minus: error
+ */
+static int test_add(struct super_block *sb, struct au_opt_add *add, int remount)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bend, bindex;
+	struct dentry *root;
+	struct inode *inode, *h_inode;
+
+	root = sb->s_root;
+	bend = au_sbend(sb);
+	if (unlikely(bend >= 0
+		     && au_find_dbindex(root, add->path.dentry) >= 0)) {
+		err = 1;
+		if (!remount) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			pr_err("%s duplicated\n", add->pathname);
+		}
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	err = -ENOSPC; /* -E2BIG; */
+	if (unlikely(AUFS_BRANCH_MAX <= add->bindex
+		     || AUFS_BRANCH_MAX - 1 <= bend)) {
+		pr_err("number of branches exceeded %s\n", add->pathname);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	err = -EDOM;
+	if (unlikely(add->bindex < 0 || bend + 1 < add->bindex)) {
+		pr_err("bad index %d\n", add->bindex);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	inode = add->path.dentry->d_inode;
+	err = -ENOENT;
+	if (unlikely(!inode->i_nlink)) {
+		pr_err("no existence %s\n", add->pathname);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	err = -EINVAL;
+	if (unlikely(inode->i_sb == sb)) {
+		pr_err("%s must be outside\n", add->pathname);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (unlikely(au_test_fs_unsuppoted(inode->i_sb))) {
+		pr_err("unsupported filesystem, %s (%s)\n",
+		       add->pathname, au_sbtype(inode->i_sb));
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	err = test_br(add->path.dentry->d_inode, add->perm, add->pathname);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	if (bend < 0)
+		return 0; /* success */
+
+	err = -EINVAL;
+	for (bindex = 0; bindex <= bend; bindex++)
+		if (unlikely(test_overlap(sb, add->path.dentry,
+					  au_h_dptr(root, bindex)))) {
+			pr_err("%s is overlapped\n", add->pathname);
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+	err = 0;
+	if (au_opt_test(au_mntflags(sb), WARN_PERM)) {
+		h_inode = au_h_dptr(root, 0)->d_inode;
+		if ((h_inode->i_mode & S_IALLUGO) != (inode->i_mode & S_IALLUGO)
+		    || h_inode->i_uid != inode->i_uid
+		    || h_inode->i_gid != inode->i_gid)
+			pr_warning("uid/gid/perm %s %u/%u/0%o, %u/%u/0%o\n",
+				   add->pathname,
+				   inode->i_uid, inode->i_gid,
+				   (inode->i_mode & S_IALLUGO),
+				   h_inode->i_uid, h_inode->i_gid,
+				   (h_inode->i_mode & S_IALLUGO));
+	}
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * initialize or clean the whiteouts for an adding branch
+ */
+static int au_br_init_wh(struct super_block *sb, struct au_branch *br,
+			 int new_perm, struct dentry *h_root)
+{
+	int err, old_perm;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex;
+	struct mutex *h_mtx;
+	struct au_wbr *wbr;
+	struct au_hinode *hdir;
+
+	wbr = br->br_wbr;
+	old_perm = br->br_perm;
+	br->br_perm = new_perm;
+	hdir = NULL;
+	h_mtx = NULL;
+	bindex = au_br_index(sb, br->br_id);
+	if (0 <= bindex) {
+		hdir = au_hi(sb->s_root->d_inode, bindex);
+		au_hn_imtx_lock_nested(hdir, AuLsc_I_PARENT);
+	} else {
+		h_mtx = &h_root->d_inode->i_mutex;
+		mutex_lock_nested(h_mtx, AuLsc_I_PARENT);
+	}
+	if (!wbr)
+		err = au_wh_init(h_root, br, sb);
+	else {
+		wbr_wh_write_lock(wbr);
+		err = au_wh_init(h_root, br, sb);
+		wbr_wh_write_unlock(wbr);
+	}
+	if (hdir)
+		au_hn_imtx_unlock(hdir);
+	else
+		mutex_unlock(h_mtx);
+	br->br_perm = old_perm;
+
+	if (!err && wbr && !au_br_writable(new_perm)) {
+		kfree(wbr);
+		br->br_wbr = NULL;
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int au_wbr_init(struct au_branch *br, struct super_block *sb,
+		       int perm, struct path *path)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct kstatfs kst;
+	struct au_wbr *wbr;
+	struct dentry *h_dentry;
+
+	wbr = br->br_wbr;
+	au_rw_init(&wbr->wbr_wh_rwsem);
+	memset(wbr->wbr_wh, 0, sizeof(wbr->wbr_wh));
+	atomic_set(&wbr->wbr_wh_running, 0);
+	wbr->wbr_bytes = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * a limit for rmdir/rename a dir
+	 * cf. AUFS_MAX_NAMELEN in include/linux/aufs_type.h
+	 */
+	err = vfs_statfs(path, &kst);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+	err = -EINVAL;
+	h_dentry = path->dentry;
+	if (kst.f_namelen >= NAME_MAX)
+		err = au_br_init_wh(sb, br, perm, h_dentry);
+	else
+		pr_err("%.*s(%s), unsupported namelen %ld\n",
+		       AuDLNPair(h_dentry), au_sbtype(h_dentry->d_sb),
+		       kst.f_namelen);
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* intialize a new branch */
+static int au_br_init(struct au_branch *br, struct super_block *sb,
+		      struct au_opt_add *add)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	err = 0;
+	memset(&br->br_xino, 0, sizeof(br->br_xino));
+	mutex_init(&br->br_xino.xi_nondir_mtx);
+	br->br_perm = add->perm;
+	br->br_mnt = add->path.mnt; /* set first, mntget() later */
+	spin_lock_init(&br->br_dykey_lock);
+	memset(br->br_dykey, 0, sizeof(br->br_dykey));
+	atomic_set(&br->br_count, 0);
+	br->br_xino_upper = AUFS_XINO_TRUNC_INIT;
+	atomic_set(&br->br_xino_running, 0);
+	br->br_id = au_new_br_id(sb);
+	AuDebugOn(br->br_id < 0);
+
+	if (au_br_writable(add->perm)) {
+		err = au_wbr_init(br, sb, add->perm, &add->path);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out_err;
+	}
+
+	if (au_opt_test(au_mntflags(sb), XINO)) {
+		err = au_xino_br(sb, br, add->path.dentry->d_inode->i_ino,
+				 au_sbr(sb, 0)->br_xino.xi_file, /*do_test*/1);
+		if (unlikely(err)) {
+			AuDebugOn(br->br_xino.xi_file);
+			goto out_err;
+		}
+	}
+
+	sysaufs_br_init(br);
+	mntget(add->path.mnt);
+	goto out; /* success */
+
+out_err:
+	br->br_mnt = NULL;
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static void au_br_do_add_brp(struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+			     struct au_branch *br, aufs_bindex_t bend,
+			     aufs_bindex_t amount)
+{
+	struct au_branch **brp;
+
+	AuRwMustWriteLock(&sbinfo->si_rwsem);
+
+	brp = sbinfo->si_branch + bindex;
+	memmove(brp + 1, brp, sizeof(*brp) * amount);
+	*brp = br;
+	sbinfo->si_bend++;
+	if (unlikely(bend < 0))
+		sbinfo->si_bend = 0;
+}
+
+static void au_br_do_add_hdp(struct au_dinfo *dinfo, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+			     aufs_bindex_t bend, aufs_bindex_t amount)
+{
+	struct au_hdentry *hdp;
+
+	AuRwMustWriteLock(&dinfo->di_rwsem);
+
+	hdp = dinfo->di_hdentry + bindex;
+	memmove(hdp + 1, hdp, sizeof(*hdp) * amount);
+	au_h_dentry_init(hdp);
+	dinfo->di_bend++;
+	if (unlikely(bend < 0))
+		dinfo->di_bstart = 0;
+}
+
+static void au_br_do_add_hip(struct au_iinfo *iinfo, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+			     aufs_bindex_t bend, aufs_bindex_t amount)
+{
+	struct au_hinode *hip;
+
+	AuRwMustWriteLock(&iinfo->ii_rwsem);
+
+	hip = iinfo->ii_hinode + bindex;
+	memmove(hip + 1, hip, sizeof(*hip) * amount);
+	hip->hi_inode = NULL;
+	au_hn_init(hip);
+	iinfo->ii_bend++;
+	if (unlikely(bend < 0))
+		iinfo->ii_bstart = 0;
+}
+
+static void au_br_do_add(struct super_block *sb, struct dentry *h_dentry,
+			 struct au_branch *br, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	struct dentry *root;
+	struct inode *root_inode;
+	aufs_bindex_t bend, amount;
+
+	root = sb->s_root;
+	root_inode = root->d_inode;
+	bend = au_sbend(sb);
+	amount = bend + 1 - bindex;
+	au_sbilist_lock();
+	au_br_do_add_brp(au_sbi(sb), bindex, br, bend, amount);
+	au_br_do_add_hdp(au_di(root), bindex, bend, amount);
+	au_br_do_add_hip(au_ii(root_inode), bindex, bend, amount);
+	au_set_h_dptr(root, bindex, dget(h_dentry));
+	au_set_h_iptr(root_inode, bindex, au_igrab(h_dentry->d_inode),
+		      /*flags*/0);
+	au_sbilist_unlock();
+}
+
+int au_br_add(struct super_block *sb, struct au_opt_add *add, int remount)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bend, add_bindex;
+	struct dentry *root, *h_dentry;
+	struct inode *root_inode;
+	struct au_branch *add_branch;
+
+	root = sb->s_root;
+	root_inode = root->d_inode;
+	IMustLock(root_inode);
+	err = test_add(sb, add, remount);
+	if (unlikely(err < 0))
+		goto out;
+	if (err) {
+		err = 0;
+		goto out; /* success */
+	}
+
+	bend = au_sbend(sb);
+	add_branch = au_br_alloc(sb, bend + 2, add->perm);
+	err = PTR_ERR(add_branch);
+	if (IS_ERR(add_branch))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = au_br_init(add_branch, sb, add);
+	if (unlikely(err)) {
+		au_br_do_free(add_branch);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	add_bindex = add->bindex;
+	h_dentry = add->path.dentry;
+	if (!remount)
+		au_br_do_add(sb, h_dentry, add_branch, add_bindex);
+	else {
+		sysaufs_brs_del(sb, add_bindex);
+		au_br_do_add(sb, h_dentry, add_branch, add_bindex);
+		sysaufs_brs_add(sb, add_bindex);
+	}
+
+	if (!add_bindex) {
+		au_cpup_attr_all(root_inode, /*force*/1);
+		sb->s_maxbytes = h_dentry->d_sb->s_maxbytes;
+	} else
+		au_add_nlink(root_inode, h_dentry->d_inode);
+
+	/*
+	 * this test/set prevents aufs from handling unnecesary notify events
+	 * of xino files, in case of re-adding a writable branch which was
+	 * once detached from aufs.
+	 */
+	if (au_xino_brid(sb) < 0
+	    && au_br_writable(add_branch->br_perm)
+	    && !au_test_fs_bad_xino(h_dentry->d_sb)
+	    && add_branch->br_xino.xi_file
+	    && add_branch->br_xino.xi_file->f_dentry->d_parent == h_dentry)
+		au_xino_brid_set(sb, add_branch->br_id);
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/*
+ * delete a branch
+ */
+
+/* to show the line number, do not make it inlined function */
+#define AuVerbose(do_info, fmt, ...) do { \
+	if (do_info) \
+		pr_info(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
+} while (0)
+
+static int au_test_ibusy(struct inode *inode, aufs_bindex_t bstart,
+			 aufs_bindex_t bend)
+{
+	return (inode && !S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode)) || bstart == bend;
+}
+
+static int au_test_dbusy(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bstart,
+			 aufs_bindex_t bend)
+{
+	return au_test_ibusy(dentry->d_inode, bstart, bend);
+}
+
+/*
+ * test if the branch is deletable or not.
+ */
+static int test_dentry_busy(struct dentry *root, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+			    unsigned int sigen, const unsigned int verbose)
+{
+	int err, i, j, ndentry;
+	aufs_bindex_t bstart, bend;
+	struct au_dcsub_pages dpages;
+	struct au_dpage *dpage;
+	struct dentry *d;
+
+	err = au_dpages_init(&dpages, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+	err = au_dcsub_pages(&dpages, root, NULL, NULL);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_dpages;
+
+	for (i = 0; !err && i < dpages.ndpage; i++) {
+		dpage = dpages.dpages + i;
+		ndentry = dpage->ndentry;
+		for (j = 0; !err && j < ndentry; j++) {
+			d = dpage->dentries[j];
+			AuDebugOn(!d->d_count);
+			if (!au_digen_test(d, sigen)) {
+				di_read_lock_child(d, AuLock_IR);
+				if (unlikely(au_dbrange_test(d))) {
+					di_read_unlock(d, AuLock_IR);
+					continue;
+				}
+			} else {
+				di_write_lock_child(d);
+				if (unlikely(au_dbrange_test(d))) {
+					di_write_unlock(d);
+					continue;
+				}
+				err = au_reval_dpath(d, sigen);
+				if (!err)
+					di_downgrade_lock(d, AuLock_IR);
+				else {
+					di_write_unlock(d);
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+
+			/* AuDbgDentry(d); */
+			bstart = au_dbstart(d);
+			bend = au_dbend(d);
+			if (bstart <= bindex
+			    && bindex <= bend
+			    && au_h_dptr(d, bindex)
+			    && au_test_dbusy(d, bstart, bend)) {
+				err = -EBUSY;
+				AuVerbose(verbose, "busy %.*s\n", AuDLNPair(d));
+				AuDbgDentry(d);
+			}
+			di_read_unlock(d, AuLock_IR);
+		}
+	}
+
+out_dpages:
+	au_dpages_free(&dpages);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int test_inode_busy(struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+			   unsigned int sigen, const unsigned int verbose)
+{
+	int err;
+	unsigned long long max, ull;
+	struct inode *i, **array;
+	aufs_bindex_t bstart, bend;
+
+	array = au_iarray_alloc(sb, &max);
+	err = PTR_ERR(array);
+	if (IS_ERR(array))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = 0;
+	AuDbg("b%d\n", bindex);
+	for (ull = 0; !err && ull < max; ull++) {
+		i = array[ull];
+		if (i->i_ino == AUFS_ROOT_INO)
+			continue;
+
+		/* AuDbgInode(i); */
+		if (au_iigen(i) == sigen)
+			ii_read_lock_child(i);
+		else {
+			ii_write_lock_child(i);
+			err = au_refresh_hinode_self(i);
+			au_iigen_dec(i);
+			if (!err)
+				ii_downgrade_lock(i);
+			else {
+				ii_write_unlock(i);
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		bstart = au_ibstart(i);
+		bend = au_ibend(i);
+		if (bstart <= bindex
+		    && bindex <= bend
+		    && au_h_iptr(i, bindex)
+		    && au_test_ibusy(i, bstart, bend)) {
+			err = -EBUSY;
+			AuVerbose(verbose, "busy i%lu\n", i->i_ino);
+			AuDbgInode(i);
+		}
+		ii_read_unlock(i);
+	}
+	au_iarray_free(array, max);
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int test_children_busy(struct dentry *root, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+			      const unsigned int verbose)
+{
+	int err;
+	unsigned int sigen;
+
+	sigen = au_sigen(root->d_sb);
+	DiMustNoWaiters(root);
+	IiMustNoWaiters(root->d_inode);
+	di_write_unlock(root);
+	err = test_dentry_busy(root, bindex, sigen, verbose);
+	if (!err)
+		err = test_inode_busy(root->d_sb, bindex, sigen, verbose);
+	di_write_lock_child(root); /* aufs_write_lock() calls ..._child() */
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static void au_br_do_del_brp(struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo,
+			     const aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+			     const aufs_bindex_t bend)
+{
+	struct au_branch **brp, **p;
+
+	AuRwMustWriteLock(&sbinfo->si_rwsem);
+
+	brp = sbinfo->si_branch + bindex;
+	if (bindex < bend)
+		memmove(brp, brp + 1, sizeof(*brp) * (bend - bindex));
+	sbinfo->si_branch[0 + bend] = NULL;
+	sbinfo->si_bend--;
+
+	p = krealloc(sbinfo->si_branch, sizeof(*p) * bend, AuGFP_SBILIST);
+	if (p)
+		sbinfo->si_branch = p;
+	/* harmless error */
+}
+
+static void au_br_do_del_hdp(struct au_dinfo *dinfo, const aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+			     const aufs_bindex_t bend)
+{
+	struct au_hdentry *hdp, *p;
+
+	AuRwMustWriteLock(&dinfo->di_rwsem);
+
+	hdp = dinfo->di_hdentry;
+	if (bindex < bend)
+		memmove(hdp + bindex, hdp + bindex + 1,
+			sizeof(*hdp) * (bend - bindex));
+	hdp[0 + bend].hd_dentry = NULL;
+	dinfo->di_bend--;
+
+	p = krealloc(hdp, sizeof(*p) * bend, AuGFP_SBILIST);
+	if (p)
+		dinfo->di_hdentry = p;
+	/* harmless error */
+}
+
+static void au_br_do_del_hip(struct au_iinfo *iinfo, const aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+			     const aufs_bindex_t bend)
+{
+	struct au_hinode *hip, *p;
+
+	AuRwMustWriteLock(&iinfo->ii_rwsem);
+
+	hip = iinfo->ii_hinode + bindex;
+	if (bindex < bend)
+		memmove(hip, hip + 1, sizeof(*hip) * (bend - bindex));
+	iinfo->ii_hinode[0 + bend].hi_inode = NULL;
+	au_hn_init(iinfo->ii_hinode + bend);
+	iinfo->ii_bend--;
+
+	p = krealloc(iinfo->ii_hinode, sizeof(*p) * bend, AuGFP_SBILIST);
+	if (p)
+		iinfo->ii_hinode = p;
+	/* harmless error */
+}
+
+static void au_br_do_del(struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+			 struct au_branch *br)
+{
+	aufs_bindex_t bend;
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+	struct dentry *root, *h_root;
+	struct inode *inode, *h_inode;
+	struct au_hinode *hinode;
+
+	SiMustWriteLock(sb);
+
+	root = sb->s_root;
+	inode = root->d_inode;
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	bend = sbinfo->si_bend;
+
+	h_root = au_h_dptr(root, bindex);
+	hinode = au_hi(inode, bindex);
+	h_inode = au_igrab(hinode->hi_inode);
+	au_hiput(hinode);
+
+	au_sbilist_lock();
+	au_br_do_del_brp(sbinfo, bindex, bend);
+	au_br_do_del_hdp(au_di(root), bindex, bend);
+	au_br_do_del_hip(au_ii(inode), bindex, bend);
+	au_sbilist_unlock();
+
+	dput(h_root);
+	iput(h_inode);
+	au_br_do_free(br);
+}
+
+int au_br_del(struct super_block *sb, struct au_opt_del *del, int remount)
+{
+	int err, rerr, i;
+	unsigned int mnt_flags;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, bend, br_id;
+	unsigned char do_wh, verbose;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+	struct au_wbr *wbr;
+
+	err = 0;
+	bindex = au_find_dbindex(sb->s_root, del->h_path.dentry);
+	if (bindex < 0) {
+		if (remount)
+			goto out; /* success */
+		err = -ENOENT;
+		pr_err("%s no such branch\n", del->pathname);
+		goto out;
+	}
+	AuDbg("bindex b%d\n", bindex);
+
+	err = -EBUSY;
+	mnt_flags = au_mntflags(sb);
+	verbose = !!au_opt_test(mnt_flags, VERBOSE);
+	bend = au_sbend(sb);
+	if (unlikely(!bend)) {
+		AuVerbose(verbose, "no more branches left\n");
+		goto out;
+	}
+	br = au_sbr(sb, bindex);
+	i = atomic_read(&br->br_count);
+	if (unlikely(i)) {
+		AuVerbose(verbose, "%d file(s) opened\n", i);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	wbr = br->br_wbr;
+	do_wh = wbr && (wbr->wbr_whbase || wbr->wbr_plink || wbr->wbr_orph);
+	if (do_wh) {
+		/* instead of WbrWhMustWriteLock(wbr) */
+		SiMustWriteLock(sb);
+		for (i = 0; i < AuBrWh_Last; i++) {
+			dput(wbr->wbr_wh[i]);
+			wbr->wbr_wh[i] = NULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	err = test_children_busy(sb->s_root, bindex, verbose);
+	if (unlikely(err)) {
+		if (do_wh)
+			goto out_wh;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	err = 0;
+	br_id = br->br_id;
+	if (!remount)
+		au_br_do_del(sb, bindex, br);
+	else {
+		sysaufs_brs_del(sb, bindex);
+		au_br_do_del(sb, bindex, br);
+		sysaufs_brs_add(sb, bindex);
+	}
+
+	if (!bindex) {
+		au_cpup_attr_all(sb->s_root->d_inode, /*force*/1);
+		sb->s_maxbytes = au_sbr_sb(sb, 0)->s_maxbytes;
+	} else
+		au_sub_nlink(sb->s_root->d_inode, del->h_path.dentry->d_inode);
+	if (au_opt_test(mnt_flags, PLINK))
+		au_plink_half_refresh(sb, br_id);
+
+	if (au_xino_brid(sb) == br_id)
+		au_xino_brid_set(sb, -1);
+	goto out; /* success */
+
+out_wh:
+	/* revert */
+	rerr = au_br_init_wh(sb, br, br->br_perm, del->h_path.dentry);
+	if (rerr)
+		pr_warning("failed re-creating base whiteout, %s. (%d)\n",
+			   del->pathname, rerr);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static int au_ibusy(struct super_block *sb, struct aufs_ibusy __user *arg)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bstart, bend;
+	struct aufs_ibusy ibusy;
+	struct inode *inode, *h_inode;
+
+	err = -EPERM;
+	if (unlikely(!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN)))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = copy_from_user(&ibusy, arg, sizeof(ibusy));
+	if (!err)
+		err = !access_ok(VERIFY_WRITE, &arg->h_ino, sizeof(arg->h_ino));
+	if (unlikely(err)) {
+		err = -EFAULT;
+		AuTraceErr(err);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	err = -EINVAL;
+	si_read_lock(sb, AuLock_FLUSH);
+	if (unlikely(ibusy.bindex < 0 || ibusy.bindex > au_sbend(sb)))
+		goto out_unlock;
+
+	err = 0;
+	ibusy.h_ino = 0; /* invalid */
+	inode = ilookup(sb, ibusy.ino);
+	if (!inode
+	    || inode->i_ino == AUFS_ROOT_INO
+	    || is_bad_inode(inode))
+		goto out_unlock;
+
+	ii_read_lock_child(inode);
+	bstart = au_ibstart(inode);
+	bend = au_ibend(inode);
+	if (bstart <= ibusy.bindex && ibusy.bindex <= bend) {
+		h_inode = au_h_iptr(inode, ibusy.bindex);
+		if (h_inode && au_test_ibusy(inode, bstart, bend))
+			ibusy.h_ino = h_inode->i_ino;
+	}
+	ii_read_unlock(inode);
+	iput(inode);
+
+out_unlock:
+	si_read_unlock(sb);
+	if (!err) {
+		err = __put_user(ibusy.h_ino, &arg->h_ino);
+		if (unlikely(err)) {
+			err = -EFAULT;
+			AuTraceErr(err);
+		}
+	}
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+long au_ibusy_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned long arg)
+{
+	return au_ibusy(file->f_dentry->d_sb, (void __user *)arg);
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
+long au_ibusy_compat_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned long arg)
+{
+	return au_ibusy(file->f_dentry->d_sb, compat_ptr(arg));
+}
+#endif
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/*
+ * change a branch permission
+ */
+
+static void au_warn_ima(void)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_IMA
+	/* since it doesn't support mark_files_ro() */
+	AuWarn1("RW -> RO makes IMA to produce wrong message\n");
+#endif
+}
+
+static int do_need_sigen_inc(int a, int b)
+{
+	return au_br_whable(a) && !au_br_whable(b);
+}
+
+static int need_sigen_inc(int old, int new)
+{
+	return do_need_sigen_inc(old, new)
+		|| do_need_sigen_inc(new, old);
+}
+
+static unsigned long long au_farray_cb(void *a,
+				       unsigned long long max __maybe_unused,
+				       void *arg)
+{
+	unsigned long long n;
+	struct file **p, *f;
+	struct super_block *sb = arg;
+
+	n = 0;
+	p = a;
+	lg_global_lock(files_lglock);
+	do_file_list_for_each_entry(sb, f) {
+		if (au_fi(f)
+		    && file_count(f)
+		    && !special_file(f->f_dentry->d_inode->i_mode)) {
+			get_file(f);
+			*p++ = f;
+			n++;
+			AuDebugOn(n > max);
+		}
+	} while_file_list_for_each_entry;
+	lg_global_unlock(files_lglock);
+
+	return n;
+}
+
+static struct file **au_farray_alloc(struct super_block *sb,
+				     unsigned long long *max)
+{
+	*max = atomic_long_read(&au_sbi(sb)->si_nfiles);
+	return au_array_alloc(max, au_farray_cb, sb);
+}
+
+static void au_farray_free(struct file **a, unsigned long long max)
+{
+	unsigned long long ull;
+
+	for (ull = 0; ull < max; ull++)
+		if (a[ull])
+			fput(a[ull]);
+	au_array_free(a);
+}
+
+static int au_br_mod_files_ro(struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	int err, do_warn;
+	unsigned int mnt_flags;
+	unsigned long long ull, max;
+	aufs_bindex_t br_id;
+	unsigned char verbose;
+	struct file *file, *hf, **array;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct au_hfile *hfile;
+
+	mnt_flags = au_mntflags(sb);
+	verbose = !!au_opt_test(mnt_flags, VERBOSE);
+
+	array = au_farray_alloc(sb, &max);
+	err = PTR_ERR(array);
+	if (IS_ERR(array))
+		goto out;
+
+	do_warn = 0;
+	br_id = au_sbr_id(sb, bindex);
+	for (ull = 0; ull < max; ull++) {
+		file = array[ull];
+
+		/* AuDbg("%.*s\n", AuDLNPair(file->f_dentry)); */
+		fi_read_lock(file);
+		if (unlikely(au_test_mmapped(file))) {
+			err = -EBUSY;
+			AuVerbose(verbose, "mmapped %.*s\n",
+				  AuDLNPair(file->f_dentry));
+			AuDbgFile(file);
+			FiMustNoWaiters(file);
+			fi_read_unlock(file);
+			goto out_array;
+		}
+
+		inode = file->f_dentry->d_inode;
+		hfile = &au_fi(file)->fi_htop;
+		hf = hfile->hf_file;
+		if (!S_ISREG(inode->i_mode)
+		    || !(file->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE)
+		    || hfile->hf_br->br_id != br_id
+		    || !(hf->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE))
+			array[ull] = NULL;
+		else {
+			do_warn = 1;
+			get_file(file);
+		}
+
+		FiMustNoWaiters(file);
+		fi_read_unlock(file);
+		fput(file);
+	}
+
+	err = 0;
+	if (do_warn)
+		au_warn_ima();
+
+	for (ull = 0; ull < max; ull++) {
+		file = array[ull];
+		if (!file)
+			continue;
+
+		/* todo: already flushed? */
+		/* cf. fs/super.c:mark_files_ro() */
+		/* fi_read_lock(file); */
+		hfile = &au_fi(file)->fi_htop;
+		hf = hfile->hf_file;
+		/* fi_read_unlock(file); */
+		spin_lock(&hf->f_lock);
+		hf->f_mode &= ~FMODE_WRITE;
+		spin_unlock(&hf->f_lock);
+		if (!file_check_writeable(hf)) {
+			file_release_write(hf);
+			mnt_drop_write(hf->f_vfsmnt);
+		}
+	}
+
+out_array:
+	au_farray_free(array, max);
+out:
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+int au_br_mod(struct super_block *sb, struct au_opt_mod *mod, int remount,
+	      int *do_refresh)
+{
+	int err, rerr;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex;
+	struct path path;
+	struct dentry *root;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+
+	root = sb->s_root;
+	bindex = au_find_dbindex(root, mod->h_root);
+	if (bindex < 0) {
+		if (remount)
+			return 0; /* success */
+		err = -ENOENT;
+		pr_err("%s no such branch\n", mod->path);
+		goto out;
+	}
+	AuDbg("bindex b%d\n", bindex);
+
+	err = test_br(mod->h_root->d_inode, mod->perm, mod->path);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	br = au_sbr(sb, bindex);
+	if (br->br_perm == mod->perm)
+		return 0; /* success */
+
+	if (au_br_writable(br->br_perm)) {
+		/* remove whiteout base */
+		err = au_br_init_wh(sb, br, mod->perm, mod->h_root);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out;
+
+		if (!au_br_writable(mod->perm)) {
+			/* rw --> ro, file might be mmapped */
+			DiMustNoWaiters(root);
+			IiMustNoWaiters(root->d_inode);
+			di_write_unlock(root);
+			err = au_br_mod_files_ro(sb, bindex);
+			/* aufs_write_lock() calls ..._child() */
+			di_write_lock_child(root);
+
+			if (unlikely(err)) {
+				rerr = -ENOMEM;
+				br->br_wbr = kmalloc(sizeof(*br->br_wbr),
+						     GFP_NOFS);
+				if (br->br_wbr) {
+					path.mnt = br->br_mnt;
+					path.dentry = mod->h_root;
+					rerr = au_wbr_init(br, sb, br->br_perm,
+							   &path);
+				}
+				if (unlikely(rerr)) {
+					AuIOErr("nested error %d (%d)\n",
+						rerr, err);
+					br->br_perm = mod->perm;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	} else if (au_br_writable(mod->perm)) {
+		/* ro --> rw */
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		br->br_wbr = kmalloc(sizeof(*br->br_wbr), GFP_NOFS);
+		if (br->br_wbr) {
+			path.mnt = br->br_mnt;
+			path.dentry = mod->h_root;
+			err = au_wbr_init(br, sb, mod->perm, &path);
+			if (unlikely(err)) {
+				kfree(br->br_wbr);
+				br->br_wbr = NULL;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!err) {
+		*do_refresh |= need_sigen_inc(br->br_perm, mod->perm);
+		br->br_perm = mod->perm;
+	}
+
+out:
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+}
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/branch.h b/ubuntu/aufs/branch.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3870bc3f4bd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/branch.h
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * branch filesystems and xino for them
+ */
+
+#ifndef __AUFS_BRANCH_H__
+#define __AUFS_BRANCH_H__
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+
+#include <linux/mount.h>
+#include "dynop.h"
+#include "rwsem.h"
+#include "super.h"
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* a xino file */
+struct au_xino_file {
+	struct file		*xi_file;
+	struct mutex		xi_nondir_mtx;
+
+	/* todo: make xino files an array to support huge inode number */
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FS
+	struct dentry		 *xi_dbgaufs;
+#endif
+};
+
+/* members for writable branch only */
+enum {AuBrWh_BASE, AuBrWh_PLINK, AuBrWh_ORPH, AuBrWh_Last};
+struct au_wbr {
+	struct au_rwsem		wbr_wh_rwsem;
+	struct dentry		*wbr_wh[AuBrWh_Last];
+	atomic_t		wbr_wh_running;
+#define wbr_whbase		wbr_wh[AuBrWh_BASE]	/* whiteout base */
+#define wbr_plink		wbr_wh[AuBrWh_PLINK]	/* pseudo-link dir */
+#define wbr_orph		wbr_wh[AuBrWh_ORPH]	/* dir for orphans */
+
+	/* mfs mode */
+	unsigned long long	wbr_bytes;
+};
+
+/* ext2 has 3 types of operations at least, ext3 has 4 */
+#define AuBrDynOp (AuDyLast * 4)
+
+/* protected by superblock rwsem */
+struct au_branch {
+	struct au_xino_file	br_xino;
+
+	aufs_bindex_t		br_id;
+
+	int			br_perm;
+	struct vfsmount		*br_mnt;
+	spinlock_t		br_dykey_lock;
+	struct au_dykey		*br_dykey[AuBrDynOp];
+	atomic_t		br_count;
+
+	struct au_wbr		*br_wbr;
+
+	/* xino truncation */
+	blkcnt_t		br_xino_upper;	/* watermark in blocks */
+	atomic_t		br_xino_running;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_HFSNOTIFY
+	struct fsnotify_group	*br_hfsn_group;
+	struct fsnotify_ops	br_hfsn_ops;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS
+	/* an entry under sysfs per mount-point */
+	char			br_name[8];
+	struct attribute	br_attr;
+#endif
+};
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* branch permissions and attributes */
+#define AuBrPerm_RW		1		/* writable, hardlinkable wh */
+#define AuBrPerm_RO		(1 << 1)	/* readonly */
+#define AuBrPerm_RR		(1 << 2)	/* natively readonly */
+#define AuBrPerm_Mask		(AuBrPerm_RW | AuBrPerm_RO | AuBrPerm_RR)
+
+#define AuBrRAttr_WH		(1 << 3)	/* whiteout-able */
+
+#define AuBrWAttr_NoLinkWH	(1 << 4)	/* un-hardlinkable whiteouts */
+
+static inline int au_br_writable(int brperm)
+{
+	return brperm & AuBrPerm_RW;
+}
+
+static inline int au_br_whable(int brperm)
+{
+	return brperm & (AuBrPerm_RW | AuBrRAttr_WH);
+}
+
+static inline int au_br_wh_linkable(int brperm)
+{
+	return !(brperm & AuBrWAttr_NoLinkWH);
+}
+
+static inline int au_br_rdonly(struct au_branch *br)
+{
+	return ((br->br_mnt->mnt_sb->s_flags & MS_RDONLY)
+		|| !au_br_writable(br->br_perm))
+		? -EROFS : 0;
+}
+
+static inline int au_br_hnotifyable(int brperm __maybe_unused)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_HNOTIFY
+	return !(brperm & AuBrPerm_RR);
+#else
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* branch.c */
+struct au_sbinfo;
+void au_br_free(struct au_sbinfo *sinfo);
+int au_br_index(struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t br_id);
+struct au_opt_add;
+int au_br_add(struct super_block *sb, struct au_opt_add *add, int remount);
+struct au_opt_del;
+int au_br_del(struct super_block *sb, struct au_opt_del *del, int remount);
+long au_ibusy_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned long arg);
+#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
+long au_ibusy_compat_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned long arg);
+#endif
+struct au_opt_mod;
+int au_br_mod(struct super_block *sb, struct au_opt_mod *mod, int remount,
+	      int *do_refresh);
+
+/* xino.c */
+static const loff_t au_loff_max = LLONG_MAX;
+
+int au_xib_trunc(struct super_block *sb);
+ssize_t xino_fread(au_readf_t func, struct file *file, void *buf, size_t size,
+		   loff_t *pos);
+ssize_t xino_fwrite(au_writef_t func, struct file *file, void *buf, size_t size,
+		    loff_t *pos);
+struct file *au_xino_create2(struct file *base_file, struct file *copy_src);
+struct file *au_xino_create(struct super_block *sb, char *fname, int silent);
+ino_t au_xino_new_ino(struct super_block *sb);
+void au_xino_delete_inode(struct inode *inode, const int unlinked);
+int au_xino_write(struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t bindex, ino_t h_ino,
+		  ino_t ino);
+int au_xino_read(struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t bindex, ino_t h_ino,
+		 ino_t *ino);
+int au_xino_br(struct super_block *sb, struct au_branch *br, ino_t hino,
+	       struct file *base_file, int do_test);
+int au_xino_trunc(struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t bindex);
+
+struct au_opt_xino;
+int au_xino_set(struct super_block *sb, struct au_opt_xino *xino, int remount);
+void au_xino_clr(struct super_block *sb);
+struct file *au_xino_def(struct super_block *sb);
+int au_xino_path(struct seq_file *seq, struct file *file);
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* Superblock to branch */
+static inline
+aufs_bindex_t au_sbr_id(struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	return au_sbr(sb, bindex)->br_id;
+}
+
+static inline
+struct vfsmount *au_sbr_mnt(struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	return au_sbr(sb, bindex)->br_mnt;
+}
+
+static inline
+struct super_block *au_sbr_sb(struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	return au_sbr_mnt(sb, bindex)->mnt_sb;
+}
+
+static inline void au_sbr_put(struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	atomic_dec(&au_sbr(sb, bindex)->br_count);
+}
+
+static inline int au_sbr_perm(struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	return au_sbr(sb, bindex)->br_perm;
+}
+
+static inline int au_sbr_whable(struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	return au_br_whable(au_sbr_perm(sb, bindex));
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/*
+ * wbr_wh_read_lock, wbr_wh_write_lock
+ * wbr_wh_read_unlock, wbr_wh_write_unlock, wbr_wh_downgrade_lock
+ */
+AuSimpleRwsemFuncs(wbr_wh, struct au_wbr *wbr, &wbr->wbr_wh_rwsem);
+
+#define WbrWhMustNoWaiters(wbr)	AuRwMustNoWaiters(&wbr->wbr_wh_rwsem)
+#define WbrWhMustAnyLock(wbr)	AuRwMustAnyLock(&wbr->wbr_wh_rwsem)
+#define WbrWhMustWriteLock(wbr)	AuRwMustWriteLock(&wbr->wbr_wh_rwsem)
+
+#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
+#endif /* __AUFS_BRANCH_H__ */
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/conf.mk b/ubuntu/aufs/conf.mk
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6c5108de1aaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/conf.mk
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+
+AuConfStr = CONFIG_AUFS_FS=${CONFIG_AUFS_FS}
+
+define AuConf
+ifdef ${1}
+AuConfStr += ${1}=${${1}}
+endif
+endef
+
+AuConfAll = BRANCH_MAX_127 BRANCH_MAX_511 BRANCH_MAX_1023 BRANCH_MAX_32767 \
+	SBILIST \
+	HNOTIFY HFSNOTIFY \
+	EXPORT INO_T_64 \
+	RDU \
+	PROC_MAP \
+	SP_IATTR \
+	SHWH \
+	BR_RAMFS \
+	BR_FUSE POLL \
+	BR_HFSPLUS \
+	BDEV_LOOP \
+	DEBUG MAGIC_SYSRQ
+$(foreach i, ${AuConfAll}, \
+	$(eval $(call AuConf,CONFIG_AUFS_${i})))
+
+AuConfName = ${obj}/conf.str
+${AuConfName}.tmp: FORCE
+	@echo ${AuConfStr} | tr ' ' '\n' | sed -e 's/^/"/' -e 's/$$/\\n"/' > $@
+${AuConfName}: ${AuConfName}.tmp
+	@diff -q $< $@ > /dev/null 2>&1 || { \
+	echo '  GEN    ' $@; \
+	cp -p $< $@; \
+	}
+FORCE:
+clean-files += ${AuConfName} ${AuConfName}.tmp
+${obj}/sysfs.o: ${AuConfName}
+
+-include ${srctree}/${src}/conf_priv.mk
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/cpup.c b/ubuntu/aufs/cpup.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7bf2672a9cbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/cpup.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1079 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * copy-up functions, see wbr_policy.c for copy-down
+ */
+
+#include <linux/fs_stack.h>
+#include <linux/mm.h>
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+void au_cpup_attr_flags(struct inode *dst, struct inode *src)
+{
+	const unsigned int mask = S_DEAD | S_SWAPFILE | S_PRIVATE
+		| S_NOATIME | S_NOCMTIME;
+
+	dst->i_flags |= src->i_flags & ~mask;
+	if (au_test_fs_notime(dst->i_sb))
+		dst->i_flags |= S_NOATIME | S_NOCMTIME;
+}
+
+void au_cpup_attr_timesizes(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	struct inode *h_inode;
+
+	h_inode = au_h_iptr(inode, au_ibstart(inode));
+	fsstack_copy_attr_times(inode, h_inode);
+	fsstack_copy_inode_size(inode, h_inode);
+}
+
+void au_cpup_attr_nlink(struct inode *inode, int force)
+{
+	struct inode *h_inode;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, bend;
+
+	sb = inode->i_sb;
+	bindex = au_ibstart(inode);
+	h_inode = au_h_iptr(inode, bindex);
+	if (!force
+	    && !S_ISDIR(h_inode->i_mode)
+	    && au_opt_test(au_mntflags(sb), PLINK)
+	    && au_plink_test(inode))
+		return;
+
+	set_nlink(inode, h_inode->i_nlink);
+
+	/*
+	 * fewer nlink makes find(1) noisy, but larger nlink doesn't.
+	 * it may includes whplink directory.
+	 */
+	if (S_ISDIR(h_inode->i_mode)) {
+		bend = au_ibend(inode);
+		for (bindex++; bindex <= bend; bindex++) {
+			h_inode = au_h_iptr(inode, bindex);
+			if (h_inode)
+				au_add_nlink(inode, h_inode);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void au_cpup_attr_changeable(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	struct inode *h_inode;
+
+	h_inode = au_h_iptr(inode, au_ibstart(inode));
+	inode->i_mode = h_inode->i_mode;
+	inode->i_uid = h_inode->i_uid;
+	inode->i_gid = h_inode->i_gid;
+	au_cpup_attr_timesizes(inode);
+	au_cpup_attr_flags(inode, h_inode);
+}
+
+void au_cpup_igen(struct inode *inode, struct inode *h_inode)
+{
+	struct au_iinfo *iinfo = au_ii(inode);
+
+	IiMustWriteLock(inode);
+
+	iinfo->ii_higen = h_inode->i_generation;
+	iinfo->ii_hsb1 = h_inode->i_sb;
+}
+
+void au_cpup_attr_all(struct inode *inode, int force)
+{
+	struct inode *h_inode;
+
+	h_inode = au_h_iptr(inode, au_ibstart(inode));
+	au_cpup_attr_changeable(inode);
+	if (inode->i_nlink > 0)
+		au_cpup_attr_nlink(inode, force);
+	inode->i_rdev = h_inode->i_rdev;
+	inode->i_blkbits = h_inode->i_blkbits;
+	au_cpup_igen(inode, h_inode);
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* Note: dt_dentry and dt_h_dentry are not dget/dput-ed */
+
+/* keep the timestamps of the parent dir when cpup */
+void au_dtime_store(struct au_dtime *dt, struct dentry *dentry,
+		    struct path *h_path)
+{
+	struct inode *h_inode;
+
+	dt->dt_dentry = dentry;
+	dt->dt_h_path = *h_path;
+	h_inode = h_path->dentry->d_inode;
+	dt->dt_atime = h_inode->i_atime;
+	dt->dt_mtime = h_inode->i_mtime;
+	/* smp_mb(); */
+}
+
+void au_dtime_revert(struct au_dtime *dt)
+{
+	struct iattr attr;
+	int err;
+
+	attr.ia_atime = dt->dt_atime;
+	attr.ia_mtime = dt->dt_mtime;
+	attr.ia_valid = ATTR_FORCE | ATTR_MTIME | ATTR_MTIME_SET
+		| ATTR_ATIME | ATTR_ATIME_SET;
+
+	err = vfsub_notify_change(&dt->dt_h_path, &attr);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		pr_warning("restoring timestamps failed(%d). ignored\n", err);
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static noinline_for_stack
+int cpup_iattr(struct dentry *dst, aufs_bindex_t bindex, struct dentry *h_src)
+{
+	int err, sbits;
+	struct iattr ia;
+	struct path h_path;
+	struct inode *h_isrc, *h_idst;
+
+	h_path.dentry = au_h_dptr(dst, bindex);
+	h_idst = h_path.dentry->d_inode;
+	h_path.mnt = au_sbr_mnt(dst->d_sb, bindex);
+	h_isrc = h_src->d_inode;
+	ia.ia_valid = ATTR_FORCE | ATTR_UID | ATTR_GID
+		| ATTR_ATIME | ATTR_MTIME
+		| ATTR_ATIME_SET | ATTR_MTIME_SET;
+	ia.ia_uid = h_isrc->i_uid;
+	ia.ia_gid = h_isrc->i_gid;
+	ia.ia_atime = h_isrc->i_atime;
+	ia.ia_mtime = h_isrc->i_mtime;
+	if (h_idst->i_mode != h_isrc->i_mode
+	    && !S_ISLNK(h_idst->i_mode)) {
+		ia.ia_valid |= ATTR_MODE;
+		ia.ia_mode = h_isrc->i_mode;
+	}
+	sbits = !!(h_isrc->i_mode & (S_ISUID | S_ISGID));
+	au_cpup_attr_flags(h_idst, h_isrc);
+	err = vfsub_notify_change(&h_path, &ia);
+
+	/* is this nfs only? */
+	if (!err && sbits && au_test_nfs(h_path.dentry->d_sb)) {
+		ia.ia_valid = ATTR_FORCE | ATTR_MODE;
+		ia.ia_mode = h_isrc->i_mode;
+		err = vfsub_notify_change(&h_path, &ia);
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static int au_do_copy_file(struct file *dst, struct file *src, loff_t len,
+			   char *buf, unsigned long blksize)
+{
+	int err;
+	size_t sz, rbytes, wbytes;
+	unsigned char all_zero;
+	char *p, *zp;
+	struct mutex *h_mtx;
+	/* reduce stack usage */
+	struct iattr *ia;
+
+	zp = page_address(ZERO_PAGE(0));
+	if (unlikely(!zp))
+		return -ENOMEM; /* possible? */
+
+	err = 0;
+	all_zero = 0;
+	while (len) {
+		AuDbg("len %lld\n", len);
+		sz = blksize;
+		if (len < blksize)
+			sz = len;
+
+		rbytes = 0;
+		/* todo: signal_pending? */
+		while (!rbytes || err == -EAGAIN || err == -EINTR) {
+			rbytes = vfsub_read_k(src, buf, sz, &src->f_pos);
+			err = rbytes;
+		}
+		if (unlikely(err < 0))
+			break;
+
+		all_zero = 0;
+		if (len >= rbytes && rbytes == blksize)
+			all_zero = !memcmp(buf, zp, rbytes);
+		if (!all_zero) {
+			wbytes = rbytes;
+			p = buf;
+			while (wbytes) {
+				size_t b;
+
+				b = vfsub_write_k(dst, p, wbytes, &dst->f_pos);
+				err = b;
+				/* todo: signal_pending? */
+				if (unlikely(err == -EAGAIN || err == -EINTR))
+					continue;
+				if (unlikely(err < 0))
+					break;
+				wbytes -= b;
+				p += b;
+			}
+		} else {
+			loff_t res;
+
+			AuLabel(hole);
+			res = vfsub_llseek(dst, rbytes, SEEK_CUR);
+			err = res;
+			if (unlikely(res < 0))
+				break;
+		}
+		len -= rbytes;
+		err = 0;
+	}
+
+	/* the last block may be a hole */
+	if (!err && all_zero) {
+		AuLabel(last hole);
+
+		err = 1;
+		if (au_test_nfs(dst->f_dentry->d_sb)) {
+			/* nfs requires this step to make last hole */
+			/* is this only nfs? */
+			do {
+				/* todo: signal_pending? */
+				err = vfsub_write_k(dst, "\0", 1, &dst->f_pos);
+			} while (err == -EAGAIN || err == -EINTR);
+			if (err == 1)
+				dst->f_pos--;
+		}
+
+		if (err == 1) {
+			ia = (void *)buf;
+			ia->ia_size = dst->f_pos;
+			ia->ia_valid = ATTR_SIZE | ATTR_FILE;
+			ia->ia_file = dst;
+			h_mtx = &dst->f_dentry->d_inode->i_mutex;
+			mutex_lock_nested(h_mtx, AuLsc_I_CHILD2);
+			err = vfsub_notify_change(&dst->f_path, ia);
+			mutex_unlock(h_mtx);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+int au_copy_file(struct file *dst, struct file *src, loff_t len)
+{
+	int err;
+	unsigned long blksize;
+	unsigned char do_kfree;
+	char *buf;
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	blksize = dst->f_dentry->d_sb->s_blocksize;
+	if (!blksize || PAGE_SIZE < blksize)
+		blksize = PAGE_SIZE;
+	AuDbg("blksize %lu\n", blksize);
+	do_kfree = (blksize != PAGE_SIZE && blksize >= sizeof(struct iattr *));
+	if (do_kfree)
+		buf = kmalloc(blksize, GFP_NOFS);
+	else
+		buf = (void *)__get_free_page(GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(!buf))
+		goto out;
+
+	if (len > (1 << 22))
+		AuDbg("copying a large file %lld\n", (long long)len);
+
+	src->f_pos = 0;
+	dst->f_pos = 0;
+	err = au_do_copy_file(dst, src, len, buf, blksize);
+	if (do_kfree)
+		kfree(buf);
+	else
+		free_page((unsigned long)buf);
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * to support a sparse file which is opened with O_APPEND,
+ * we need to close the file.
+ */
+static int au_cp_regular(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bdst,
+			 aufs_bindex_t bsrc, loff_t len)
+{
+	int err, i;
+	enum { SRC, DST };
+	struct {
+		aufs_bindex_t bindex;
+		unsigned int flags;
+		struct dentry *dentry;
+		struct file *file;
+		void *label, *label_file;
+	} *f, file[] = {
+		{
+			.bindex = bsrc,
+			.flags = O_RDONLY | O_NOATIME | O_LARGEFILE,
+			.file = NULL,
+			.label = &&out,
+			.label_file = &&out_src
+		},
+		{
+			.bindex = bdst,
+			.flags = O_WRONLY | O_NOATIME | O_LARGEFILE,
+			.file = NULL,
+			.label = &&out_src,
+			.label_file = &&out_dst
+		}
+	};
+	struct super_block *sb;
+
+	/* bsrc branch can be ro/rw. */
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	f = file;
+	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++, f++) {
+		f->dentry = au_h_dptr(dentry, f->bindex);
+		f->file = au_h_open(dentry, f->bindex, f->flags, /*file*/NULL);
+		err = PTR_ERR(f->file);
+		if (IS_ERR(f->file))
+			goto *f->label;
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		if (unlikely(!f->file->f_op))
+			goto *f->label_file;
+	}
+
+	/* try stopping to update while we copyup */
+	IMustLock(file[SRC].dentry->d_inode);
+	err = au_copy_file(file[DST].file, file[SRC].file, len);
+
+out_dst:
+	fput(file[DST].file);
+	au_sbr_put(sb, file[DST].bindex);
+out_src:
+	fput(file[SRC].file);
+	au_sbr_put(sb, file[SRC].bindex);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int au_do_cpup_regular(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bdst,
+			      aufs_bindex_t bsrc, loff_t len,
+			      struct inode *h_dir, struct path *h_path)
+{
+	int err, rerr;
+	loff_t l;
+
+	err = 0;
+	l = i_size_read(au_h_iptr(dentry->d_inode, bsrc));
+	if (len == -1 || l < len)
+		len = l;
+	if (len)
+		err = au_cp_regular(dentry, bdst, bsrc, len);
+	if (!err)
+		goto out; /* success */
+
+	rerr = vfsub_unlink(h_dir, h_path, /*force*/0);
+	if (rerr) {
+		AuIOErr("failed unlinking cpup-ed %.*s(%d, %d)\n",
+			AuDLNPair(h_path->dentry), err, rerr);
+		err = -EIO;
+	}
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int au_do_cpup_symlink(struct path *h_path, struct dentry *h_src,
+			      struct inode *h_dir)
+{
+	int err, symlen;
+	mm_segment_t old_fs;
+	union {
+		char *k;
+		char __user *u;
+	} sym;
+
+	err = -ENOSYS;
+	if (unlikely(!h_src->d_inode->i_op->readlink))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	sym.k = __getname_gfp(GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(!sym.k))
+		goto out;
+
+	/* unnecessary to support mmap_sem since symlink is not mmap-able */
+	old_fs = get_fs();
+	set_fs(KERNEL_DS);
+	symlen = h_src->d_inode->i_op->readlink(h_src, sym.u, PATH_MAX);
+	err = symlen;
+	set_fs(old_fs);
+
+	if (symlen > 0) {
+		sym.k[symlen] = 0;
+		err = vfsub_symlink(h_dir, h_path, sym.k);
+	}
+	__putname(sym.k);
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* return with the lower dst inode is locked */
+static noinline_for_stack
+int cpup_entry(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bdst,
+	       aufs_bindex_t bsrc, loff_t len, unsigned int flags,
+	       struct dentry *dst_parent)
+{
+	int err;
+	umode_t mode;
+	unsigned int mnt_flags;
+	unsigned char isdir;
+	const unsigned char do_dt = !!au_ftest_cpup(flags, DTIME);
+	struct au_dtime dt;
+	struct path h_path;
+	struct dentry *h_src, *h_dst, *h_parent;
+	struct inode *h_inode, *h_dir;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+
+	/* bsrc branch can be ro/rw. */
+	h_src = au_h_dptr(dentry, bsrc);
+	h_inode = h_src->d_inode;
+	AuDebugOn(h_inode != au_h_iptr(dentry->d_inode, bsrc));
+
+	/* try stopping to be referenced while we are creating */
+	h_dst = au_h_dptr(dentry, bdst);
+	h_parent = h_dst->d_parent; /* dir inode is locked */
+	h_dir = h_parent->d_inode;
+	IMustLock(h_dir);
+	AuDebugOn(h_parent != h_dst->d_parent);
+
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	h_path.mnt = au_sbr_mnt(sb, bdst);
+	if (do_dt) {
+		h_path.dentry = h_parent;
+		au_dtime_store(&dt, dst_parent, &h_path);
+	}
+	h_path.dentry = h_dst;
+
+	isdir = 0;
+	mode = h_inode->i_mode;
+	switch (mode & S_IFMT) {
+	case S_IFREG:
+		/* try stopping to update while we are referencing */
+		IMustLock(h_inode);
+		err = vfsub_create(h_dir, &h_path, mode | S_IWUSR);
+		if (!err)
+			err = au_do_cpup_regular
+				(dentry, bdst, bsrc, len,
+				 au_h_iptr(dst_parent->d_inode, bdst), &h_path);
+		break;
+	case S_IFDIR:
+		isdir = 1;
+		err = vfsub_mkdir(h_dir, &h_path, mode);
+		if (!err) {
+			/*
+			 * strange behaviour from the users view,
+			 * particularry setattr case
+			 */
+			if (au_ibstart(dst_parent->d_inode) == bdst)
+				au_cpup_attr_nlink(dst_parent->d_inode,
+						   /*force*/1);
+			au_cpup_attr_nlink(dentry->d_inode, /*force*/1);
+		}
+		break;
+	case S_IFLNK:
+		err = au_do_cpup_symlink(&h_path, h_src, h_dir);
+		break;
+	case S_IFCHR:
+	case S_IFBLK:
+		AuDebugOn(!capable(CAP_MKNOD));
+		/*FALLTHROUGH*/
+	case S_IFIFO:
+	case S_IFSOCK:
+		err = vfsub_mknod(h_dir, &h_path, mode, h_inode->i_rdev);
+		break;
+	default:
+		AuIOErr("Unknown inode type 0%o\n", mode);
+		err = -EIO;
+	}
+
+	mnt_flags = au_mntflags(sb);
+	if (!au_opt_test(mnt_flags, UDBA_NONE)
+	    && !isdir
+	    && au_opt_test(mnt_flags, XINO)
+	    && h_inode->i_nlink == 1
+	    /* todo: unnecessary? */
+	    /* && dentry->d_inode->i_nlink == 1 */
+	    && bdst < bsrc
+	    && !au_ftest_cpup(flags, KEEPLINO))
+		au_xino_write(sb, bsrc, h_inode->i_ino, /*ino*/0);
+		/* ignore this error */
+
+	if (do_dt)
+		au_dtime_revert(&dt);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * copyup the @dentry from @bsrc to @bdst.
+ * the caller must set the both of lower dentries.
+ * @len is for truncating when it is -1 copyup the entire file.
+ * in link/rename cases, @dst_parent may be different from the real one.
+ */
+static int au_cpup_single(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bdst,
+			  aufs_bindex_t bsrc, loff_t len, unsigned int flags,
+			  struct dentry *dst_parent)
+{
+	int err, rerr;
+	aufs_bindex_t old_ibstart;
+	unsigned char isdir, plink;
+	struct au_dtime dt;
+	struct path h_path;
+	struct dentry *h_src, *h_dst, *h_parent;
+	struct inode *dst_inode, *h_dir, *inode;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+
+	AuDebugOn(bsrc <= bdst);
+
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	h_path.mnt = au_sbr_mnt(sb, bdst);
+	h_dst = au_h_dptr(dentry, bdst);
+	h_parent = h_dst->d_parent; /* dir inode is locked */
+	h_dir = h_parent->d_inode;
+	IMustLock(h_dir);
+
+	h_src = au_h_dptr(dentry, bsrc);
+	inode = dentry->d_inode;
+
+	if (!dst_parent)
+		dst_parent = dget_parent(dentry);
+	else
+		dget(dst_parent);
+
+	plink = !!au_opt_test(au_mntflags(sb), PLINK);
+	dst_inode = au_h_iptr(inode, bdst);
+	if (dst_inode) {
+		if (unlikely(!plink)) {
+			err = -EIO;
+			AuIOErr("hi%lu(i%lu) exists on b%d "
+				"but plink is disabled\n",
+				dst_inode->i_ino, inode->i_ino, bdst);
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (dst_inode->i_nlink) {
+			const int do_dt = au_ftest_cpup(flags, DTIME);
+
+			h_src = au_plink_lkup(inode, bdst);
+			err = PTR_ERR(h_src);
+			if (IS_ERR(h_src))
+				goto out;
+			if (unlikely(!h_src->d_inode)) {
+				err = -EIO;
+				AuIOErr("i%lu exists on a upper branch "
+					"but not pseudo-linked\n",
+					inode->i_ino);
+				dput(h_src);
+				goto out;
+			}
+
+			if (do_dt) {
+				h_path.dentry = h_parent;
+				au_dtime_store(&dt, dst_parent, &h_path);
+			}
+			h_path.dentry = h_dst;
+			err = vfsub_link(h_src, h_dir, &h_path);
+			if (do_dt)
+				au_dtime_revert(&dt);
+			dput(h_src);
+			goto out;
+		} else
+			/* todo: cpup_wh_file? */
+			/* udba work */
+			au_update_ibrange(inode, /*do_put_zero*/1);
+	}
+
+	old_ibstart = au_ibstart(inode);
+	err = cpup_entry(dentry, bdst, bsrc, len, flags, dst_parent);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+	dst_inode = h_dst->d_inode;
+	mutex_lock_nested(&dst_inode->i_mutex, AuLsc_I_CHILD2);
+
+	err = cpup_iattr(dentry, bdst, h_src);
+	isdir = S_ISDIR(dst_inode->i_mode);
+	if (!err) {
+		if (bdst < old_ibstart) {
+			if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode)) {
+				err = au_dy_iaop(inode, bdst, dst_inode);
+				if (unlikely(err))
+					goto out_rev;
+			}
+			au_set_ibstart(inode, bdst);
+		}
+		au_set_h_iptr(inode, bdst, au_igrab(dst_inode),
+			      au_hi_flags(inode, isdir));
+		mutex_unlock(&dst_inode->i_mutex);
+		if (!isdir
+		    && h_src->d_inode->i_nlink > 1
+		    && plink)
+			au_plink_append(inode, bdst, h_dst);
+		goto out; /* success */
+	}
+
+	/* revert */
+out_rev:
+	h_path.dentry = h_parent;
+	mutex_unlock(&dst_inode->i_mutex);
+	au_dtime_store(&dt, dst_parent, &h_path);
+	h_path.dentry = h_dst;
+	if (!isdir)
+		rerr = vfsub_unlink(h_dir, &h_path, /*force*/0);
+	else
+		rerr = vfsub_rmdir(h_dir, &h_path);
+	au_dtime_revert(&dt);
+	if (rerr) {
+		AuIOErr("failed removing broken entry(%d, %d)\n", err, rerr);
+		err = -EIO;
+	}
+
+out:
+	dput(dst_parent);
+	return err;
+}
+
+struct au_cpup_single_args {
+	int *errp;
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+	aufs_bindex_t bdst, bsrc;
+	loff_t len;
+	unsigned int flags;
+	struct dentry *dst_parent;
+};
+
+static void au_call_cpup_single(void *args)
+{
+	struct au_cpup_single_args *a = args;
+	*a->errp = au_cpup_single(a->dentry, a->bdst, a->bsrc, a->len,
+				  a->flags, a->dst_parent);
+}
+
+/*
+ * prevent SIGXFSZ in copy-up.
+ * testing CAP_MKNOD is for generic fs,
+ * but CAP_FSETID is for xfs only, currently.
+ */
+static int au_cpup_sio_test(struct super_block *sb, umode_t mode)
+{
+	int do_sio;
+
+	do_sio = 0;
+	if (!au_wkq_test()
+	    && (!au_sbi(sb)->si_plink_maint_pid
+		|| au_plink_maint(sb, AuLock_NOPLM))) {
+		switch (mode & S_IFMT) {
+		case S_IFREG:
+			/* no condition about RLIMIT_FSIZE and the file size */
+			do_sio = 1;
+			break;
+		case S_IFCHR:
+		case S_IFBLK:
+			do_sio = !capable(CAP_MKNOD);
+			break;
+		}
+		if (!do_sio)
+			do_sio = ((mode & (S_ISUID | S_ISGID))
+				  && !capable(CAP_FSETID));
+	}
+
+	return do_sio;
+}
+
+int au_sio_cpup_single(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bdst,
+		       aufs_bindex_t bsrc, loff_t len, unsigned int flags,
+		       struct dentry *dst_parent)
+{
+	int err, wkq_err;
+	struct dentry *h_dentry;
+
+	h_dentry = au_h_dptr(dentry, bsrc);
+	if (!au_cpup_sio_test(dentry->d_sb, h_dentry->d_inode->i_mode))
+		err = au_cpup_single(dentry, bdst, bsrc, len, flags,
+				     dst_parent);
+	else {
+		struct au_cpup_single_args args = {
+			.errp		= &err,
+			.dentry		= dentry,
+			.bdst		= bdst,
+			.bsrc		= bsrc,
+			.len		= len,
+			.flags		= flags,
+			.dst_parent	= dst_parent
+		};
+		wkq_err = au_wkq_wait(au_call_cpup_single, &args);
+		if (unlikely(wkq_err))
+			err = wkq_err;
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * copyup the @dentry from the first active lower branch to @bdst,
+ * using au_cpup_single().
+ */
+static int au_cpup_simple(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bdst, loff_t len,
+			  unsigned int flags)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bsrc, bend;
+
+	bend = au_dbend(dentry);
+	for (bsrc = bdst + 1; bsrc <= bend; bsrc++)
+		if (au_h_dptr(dentry, bsrc))
+			break;
+
+	err = au_lkup_neg(dentry, bdst);
+	if (!err) {
+		err = au_cpup_single(dentry, bdst, bsrc, len, flags, NULL);
+		if (!err)
+			return 0; /* success */
+
+		/* revert */
+		au_set_h_dptr(dentry, bdst, NULL);
+		au_set_dbstart(dentry, bsrc);
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+struct au_cpup_simple_args {
+	int *errp;
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+	aufs_bindex_t bdst;
+	loff_t len;
+	unsigned int flags;
+};
+
+static void au_call_cpup_simple(void *args)
+{
+	struct au_cpup_simple_args *a = args;
+	*a->errp = au_cpup_simple(a->dentry, a->bdst, a->len, a->flags);
+}
+
+int au_sio_cpup_simple(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bdst, loff_t len,
+		       unsigned int flags)
+{
+	int err, wkq_err;
+	struct dentry *parent;
+	struct inode *h_dir;
+
+	parent = dget_parent(dentry);
+	h_dir = au_h_iptr(parent->d_inode, bdst);
+	if (!au_test_h_perm_sio(h_dir, MAY_EXEC | MAY_WRITE)
+	    && !au_cpup_sio_test(dentry->d_sb, dentry->d_inode->i_mode))
+		err = au_cpup_simple(dentry, bdst, len, flags);
+	else {
+		struct au_cpup_simple_args args = {
+			.errp		= &err,
+			.dentry		= dentry,
+			.bdst		= bdst,
+			.len		= len,
+			.flags		= flags
+		};
+		wkq_err = au_wkq_wait(au_call_cpup_simple, &args);
+		if (unlikely(wkq_err))
+			err = wkq_err;
+	}
+
+	dput(parent);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/*
+ * copyup the deleted file for writing.
+ */
+static int au_do_cpup_wh(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bdst,
+			 struct dentry *wh_dentry, struct file *file,
+			 loff_t len)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bstart;
+	struct au_dinfo *dinfo;
+	struct dentry *h_d_dst, *h_d_start;
+	struct au_hdentry *hdp;
+
+	dinfo = au_di(dentry);
+	AuRwMustWriteLock(&dinfo->di_rwsem);
+
+	bstart = dinfo->di_bstart;
+	hdp = dinfo->di_hdentry;
+	h_d_dst = hdp[0 + bdst].hd_dentry;
+	dinfo->di_bstart = bdst;
+	hdp[0 + bdst].hd_dentry = wh_dentry;
+	if (file) {
+		h_d_start = hdp[0 + bstart].hd_dentry;
+		hdp[0 + bstart].hd_dentry = au_hf_top(file)->f_dentry;
+	}
+	err = au_cpup_single(dentry, bdst, bstart, len, !AuCpup_DTIME,
+			     /*h_parent*/NULL);
+	if (file) {
+		if (!err)
+			err = au_reopen_nondir(file);
+		hdp[0 + bstart].hd_dentry = h_d_start;
+	}
+	hdp[0 + bdst].hd_dentry = h_d_dst;
+	dinfo->di_bstart = bstart;
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int au_cpup_wh(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bdst, loff_t len,
+		      struct file *file)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct au_dtime dt;
+	struct dentry *parent, *h_parent, *wh_dentry;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+	struct path h_path;
+
+	br = au_sbr(dentry->d_sb, bdst);
+	parent = dget_parent(dentry);
+	h_parent = au_h_dptr(parent, bdst);
+	wh_dentry = au_whtmp_lkup(h_parent, br, &dentry->d_name);
+	err = PTR_ERR(wh_dentry);
+	if (IS_ERR(wh_dentry))
+		goto out;
+
+	h_path.dentry = h_parent;
+	h_path.mnt = br->br_mnt;
+	au_dtime_store(&dt, parent, &h_path);
+	err = au_do_cpup_wh(dentry, bdst, wh_dentry, file, len);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_wh;
+
+	dget(wh_dentry);
+	h_path.dentry = wh_dentry;
+	if (!S_ISDIR(wh_dentry->d_inode->i_mode))
+		err = vfsub_unlink(h_parent->d_inode, &h_path, /*force*/0);
+	else
+		err = vfsub_rmdir(h_parent->d_inode, &h_path);
+	if (unlikely(err)) {
+		AuIOErr("failed remove copied-up tmp file %.*s(%d)\n",
+			AuDLNPair(wh_dentry), err);
+		err = -EIO;
+	}
+	au_dtime_revert(&dt);
+	au_set_hi_wh(dentry->d_inode, bdst, wh_dentry);
+
+out_wh:
+	dput(wh_dentry);
+out:
+	dput(parent);
+	return err;
+}
+
+struct au_cpup_wh_args {
+	int *errp;
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+	aufs_bindex_t bdst;
+	loff_t len;
+	struct file *file;
+};
+
+static void au_call_cpup_wh(void *args)
+{
+	struct au_cpup_wh_args *a = args;
+	*a->errp = au_cpup_wh(a->dentry, a->bdst, a->len, a->file);
+}
+
+int au_sio_cpup_wh(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bdst, loff_t len,
+		   struct file *file)
+{
+	int err, wkq_err;
+	struct dentry *parent, *h_orph, *h_parent, *h_dentry;
+	struct inode *dir, *h_dir, *h_tmpdir, *h_inode;
+	struct au_wbr *wbr;
+
+	parent = dget_parent(dentry);
+	dir = parent->d_inode;
+	h_orph = NULL;
+	h_parent = NULL;
+	h_dir = au_igrab(au_h_iptr(dir, bdst));
+	h_tmpdir = h_dir;
+	if (!h_dir->i_nlink) {
+		wbr = au_sbr(dentry->d_sb, bdst)->br_wbr;
+		h_orph = wbr->wbr_orph;
+
+		h_parent = dget(au_h_dptr(parent, bdst));
+		au_set_h_dptr(parent, bdst, dget(h_orph));
+		h_tmpdir = h_orph->d_inode;
+		au_set_h_iptr(dir, bdst, au_igrab(h_tmpdir), /*flags*/0);
+
+		/* this temporary unlock is safe */
+		if (file)
+			h_dentry = au_hf_top(file)->f_dentry;
+		else
+			h_dentry = au_h_dptr(dentry, au_dbstart(dentry));
+		h_inode = h_dentry->d_inode;
+		IMustLock(h_inode);
+		mutex_unlock(&h_inode->i_mutex);
+		mutex_lock_nested(&h_tmpdir->i_mutex, AuLsc_I_PARENT3);
+		mutex_lock_nested(&h_inode->i_mutex, AuLsc_I_CHILD);
+		/* todo: au_h_open_pre()? */
+	}
+
+	if (!au_test_h_perm_sio(h_tmpdir, MAY_EXEC | MAY_WRITE)
+	    && !au_cpup_sio_test(dentry->d_sb, dentry->d_inode->i_mode))
+		err = au_cpup_wh(dentry, bdst, len, file);
+	else {
+		struct au_cpup_wh_args args = {
+			.errp	= &err,
+			.dentry	= dentry,
+			.bdst	= bdst,
+			.len	= len,
+			.file	= file
+		};
+		wkq_err = au_wkq_wait(au_call_cpup_wh, &args);
+		if (unlikely(wkq_err))
+			err = wkq_err;
+	}
+
+	if (h_orph) {
+		mutex_unlock(&h_tmpdir->i_mutex);
+		/* todo: au_h_open_post()? */
+		au_set_h_iptr(dir, bdst, au_igrab(h_dir), /*flags*/0);
+		au_set_h_dptr(parent, bdst, h_parent);
+	}
+	iput(h_dir);
+	dput(parent);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/*
+ * generic routine for both of copy-up and copy-down.
+ */
+/* cf. revalidate function in file.c */
+int au_cp_dirs(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bdst,
+	       int (*cp)(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bdst,
+			 struct dentry *h_parent, void *arg),
+	       void *arg)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct au_pin pin;
+	struct dentry *d, *parent, *h_parent, *real_parent;
+
+	err = 0;
+	parent = dget_parent(dentry);
+	if (IS_ROOT(parent))
+		goto out;
+
+	au_pin_init(&pin, dentry, bdst, AuLsc_DI_PARENT2, AuLsc_I_PARENT2,
+		    au_opt_udba(dentry->d_sb), AuPin_MNT_WRITE);
+
+	/* do not use au_dpage */
+	real_parent = parent;
+	while (1) {
+		dput(parent);
+		parent = dget_parent(dentry);
+		h_parent = au_h_dptr(parent, bdst);
+		if (h_parent)
+			goto out; /* success */
+
+		/* find top dir which is necessary to cpup */
+		do {
+			d = parent;
+			dput(parent);
+			parent = dget_parent(d);
+			di_read_lock_parent3(parent, !AuLock_IR);
+			h_parent = au_h_dptr(parent, bdst);
+			di_read_unlock(parent, !AuLock_IR);
+		} while (!h_parent);
+
+		if (d != real_parent)
+			di_write_lock_child3(d);
+
+		/* somebody else might create while we were sleeping */
+		if (!au_h_dptr(d, bdst) || !au_h_dptr(d, bdst)->d_inode) {
+			if (au_h_dptr(d, bdst))
+				au_update_dbstart(d);
+
+			au_pin_set_dentry(&pin, d);
+			err = au_do_pin(&pin);
+			if (!err) {
+				err = cp(d, bdst, h_parent, arg);
+				au_unpin(&pin);
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (d != real_parent)
+			di_write_unlock(d);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			break;
+	}
+
+out:
+	dput(parent);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int au_cpup_dir(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bdst,
+		       struct dentry *h_parent __maybe_unused ,
+		       void *arg __maybe_unused)
+{
+	return au_sio_cpup_simple(dentry, bdst, -1, AuCpup_DTIME);
+}
+
+int au_cpup_dirs(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bdst)
+{
+	return au_cp_dirs(dentry, bdst, au_cpup_dir, NULL);
+}
+
+int au_test_and_cpup_dirs(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bdst)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct dentry *parent;
+	struct inode *dir;
+
+	parent = dget_parent(dentry);
+	dir = parent->d_inode;
+	err = 0;
+	if (au_h_iptr(dir, bdst))
+		goto out;
+
+	di_read_unlock(parent, AuLock_IR);
+	di_write_lock_parent(parent);
+	/* someone else might change our inode while we were sleeping */
+	if (!au_h_iptr(dir, bdst))
+		err = au_cpup_dirs(dentry, bdst);
+	di_downgrade_lock(parent, AuLock_IR);
+
+out:
+	dput(parent);
+	return err;
+}
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/cpup.h b/ubuntu/aufs/cpup.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2e4fbe079a25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/cpup.h
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * copy-up/down functions
+ */
+
+#ifndef __AUFS_CPUP_H__
+#define __AUFS_CPUP_H__
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+
+#include <linux/path.h>
+
+struct inode;
+struct file;
+
+void au_cpup_attr_flags(struct inode *dst, struct inode *src);
+void au_cpup_attr_timesizes(struct inode *inode);
+void au_cpup_attr_nlink(struct inode *inode, int force);
+void au_cpup_attr_changeable(struct inode *inode);
+void au_cpup_igen(struct inode *inode, struct inode *h_inode);
+void au_cpup_attr_all(struct inode *inode, int force);
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* cpup flags */
+#define AuCpup_DTIME	1		/* do dtime_store/revert */
+#define AuCpup_KEEPLINO	(1 << 1)	/* do not clear the lower xino,
+					   for link(2) */
+#define au_ftest_cpup(flags, name)	((flags) & AuCpup_##name)
+#define au_fset_cpup(flags, name) \
+	do { (flags) |= AuCpup_##name; } while (0)
+#define au_fclr_cpup(flags, name) \
+	do { (flags) &= ~AuCpup_##name; } while (0)
+
+int au_copy_file(struct file *dst, struct file *src, loff_t len);
+int au_sio_cpup_single(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bdst,
+		       aufs_bindex_t bsrc, loff_t len, unsigned int flags,
+		       struct dentry *dst_parent);
+int au_sio_cpup_simple(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bdst, loff_t len,
+		       unsigned int flags);
+int au_sio_cpup_wh(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bdst, loff_t len,
+		   struct file *file);
+
+int au_cp_dirs(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bdst,
+	       int (*cp)(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bdst,
+			 struct dentry *h_parent, void *arg),
+	       void *arg);
+int au_cpup_dirs(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bdst);
+int au_test_and_cpup_dirs(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bdst);
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* keep timestamps when copyup */
+struct au_dtime {
+	struct dentry *dt_dentry;
+	struct path dt_h_path;
+	struct timespec dt_atime, dt_mtime;
+};
+void au_dtime_store(struct au_dtime *dt, struct dentry *dentry,
+		    struct path *h_path);
+void au_dtime_revert(struct au_dtime *dt);
+
+#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
+#endif /* __AUFS_CPUP_H__ */
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/dbgaufs.c b/ubuntu/aufs/dbgaufs.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d1dbfd2655ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/dbgaufs.c
@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * debugfs interface
+ */
+
+#include <linux/debugfs.h>
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_SYSFS
+#error DEBUG_FS depends upon SYSFS
+#endif
+
+static struct dentry *dbgaufs;
+static const mode_t dbgaufs_mode = S_IRUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH;
+
+/* 20 is max digits length of ulong 64 */
+struct dbgaufs_arg {
+	int n;
+	char a[20 * 4];
+};
+
+/*
+ * common function for all XINO files
+ */
+static int dbgaufs_xi_release(struct inode *inode __maybe_unused,
+			      struct file *file)
+{
+	kfree(file->private_data);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int dbgaufs_xi_open(struct file *xf, struct file *file, int do_fcnt)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct kstat st;
+	struct dbgaufs_arg *p;
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	p = kmalloc(sizeof(*p), GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(!p))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = 0;
+	p->n = 0;
+	file->private_data = p;
+	if (!xf)
+		goto out;
+
+	err = vfs_getattr(xf->f_vfsmnt, xf->f_dentry, &st);
+	if (!err) {
+		if (do_fcnt)
+			p->n = snprintf
+				(p->a, sizeof(p->a), "%ld, %llux%lu %lld\n",
+				 (long)file_count(xf), st.blocks, st.blksize,
+				 (long long)st.size);
+		else
+			p->n = snprintf(p->a, sizeof(p->a), "%llux%lu %lld\n",
+					st.blocks, st.blksize,
+					(long long)st.size);
+		AuDebugOn(p->n >= sizeof(p->a));
+	} else {
+		p->n = snprintf(p->a, sizeof(p->a), "err %d\n", err);
+		err = 0;
+	}
+
+out:
+	return err;
+
+}
+
+static ssize_t dbgaufs_xi_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
+			       size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
+{
+	struct dbgaufs_arg *p;
+
+	p = file->private_data;
+	return simple_read_from_buffer(buf, count, ppos, p->a, p->n);
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static int dbgaufs_xib_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+
+	sbinfo = inode->i_private;
+	sb = sbinfo->si_sb;
+	si_noflush_read_lock(sb);
+	err = dbgaufs_xi_open(sbinfo->si_xib, file, /*do_fcnt*/0);
+	si_read_unlock(sb);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static const struct file_operations dbgaufs_xib_fop = {
+	.owner		= THIS_MODULE,
+	.open		= dbgaufs_xib_open,
+	.release	= dbgaufs_xi_release,
+	.read		= dbgaufs_xi_read
+};
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#define DbgaufsXi_PREFIX "xi"
+
+static int dbgaufs_xino_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+{
+	int err;
+	long l;
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct file *xf;
+	struct qstr *name;
+
+	err = -ENOENT;
+	xf = NULL;
+	name = &file->f_dentry->d_name;
+	if (unlikely(name->len < sizeof(DbgaufsXi_PREFIX)
+		     || memcmp(name->name, DbgaufsXi_PREFIX,
+			       sizeof(DbgaufsXi_PREFIX) - 1)))
+		goto out;
+	err = kstrtol(name->name + sizeof(DbgaufsXi_PREFIX) - 1, 10, &l);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	sbinfo = inode->i_private;
+	sb = sbinfo->si_sb;
+	si_noflush_read_lock(sb);
+	if (l <= au_sbend(sb)) {
+		xf = au_sbr(sb, (aufs_bindex_t)l)->br_xino.xi_file;
+		err = dbgaufs_xi_open(xf, file, /*do_fcnt*/1);
+	} else
+		err = -ENOENT;
+	si_read_unlock(sb);
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static const struct file_operations dbgaufs_xino_fop = {
+	.owner		= THIS_MODULE,
+	.open		= dbgaufs_xino_open,
+	.release	= dbgaufs_xi_release,
+	.read		= dbgaufs_xi_read
+};
+
+void dbgaufs_brs_del(struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	aufs_bindex_t bend;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+	struct au_xino_file *xi;
+
+	if (!au_sbi(sb)->si_dbgaufs)
+		return;
+
+	bend = au_sbend(sb);
+	for (; bindex <= bend; bindex++) {
+		br = au_sbr(sb, bindex);
+		xi = &br->br_xino;
+		if (xi->xi_dbgaufs) {
+			debugfs_remove(xi->xi_dbgaufs);
+			xi->xi_dbgaufs = NULL;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void dbgaufs_brs_add(struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+	struct dentry *parent;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+	struct au_xino_file *xi;
+	aufs_bindex_t bend;
+	char name[sizeof(DbgaufsXi_PREFIX) + 5]; /* "xi" bindex NULL */
+
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	parent = sbinfo->si_dbgaufs;
+	if (!parent)
+		return;
+
+	bend = au_sbend(sb);
+	for (; bindex <= bend; bindex++) {
+		snprintf(name, sizeof(name), DbgaufsXi_PREFIX "%d", bindex);
+		br = au_sbr(sb, bindex);
+		xi = &br->br_xino;
+		AuDebugOn(xi->xi_dbgaufs);
+		xi->xi_dbgaufs = debugfs_create_file(name, dbgaufs_mode, parent,
+						     sbinfo, &dbgaufs_xino_fop);
+		/* ignore an error */
+		if (unlikely(!xi->xi_dbgaufs))
+			AuWarn1("failed %s under debugfs\n", name);
+	}
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_EXPORT
+static int dbgaufs_xigen_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+
+	sbinfo = inode->i_private;
+	sb = sbinfo->si_sb;
+	si_noflush_read_lock(sb);
+	err = dbgaufs_xi_open(sbinfo->si_xigen, file, /*do_fcnt*/0);
+	si_read_unlock(sb);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static const struct file_operations dbgaufs_xigen_fop = {
+	.owner		= THIS_MODULE,
+	.open		= dbgaufs_xigen_open,
+	.release	= dbgaufs_xi_release,
+	.read		= dbgaufs_xi_read
+};
+
+static int dbgaufs_xigen_init(struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	/*
+	 * This function is a dynamic '__init' fucntion actually,
+	 * so the tiny check for si_rwsem is unnecessary.
+	 */
+	/* AuRwMustWriteLock(&sbinfo->si_rwsem); */
+
+	err = -EIO;
+	sbinfo->si_dbgaufs_xigen = debugfs_create_file
+		("xigen", dbgaufs_mode, sbinfo->si_dbgaufs, sbinfo,
+		 &dbgaufs_xigen_fop);
+	if (sbinfo->si_dbgaufs_xigen)
+		err = 0;
+
+	return err;
+}
+#else
+static int dbgaufs_xigen_init(struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif /* CONFIG_AUFS_EXPORT */
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+void dbgaufs_si_fin(struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo)
+{
+	/*
+	 * This function is a dynamic '__init' fucntion actually,
+	 * so the tiny check for si_rwsem is unnecessary.
+	 */
+	/* AuRwMustWriteLock(&sbinfo->si_rwsem); */
+
+	debugfs_remove_recursive(sbinfo->si_dbgaufs);
+	sbinfo->si_dbgaufs = NULL;
+	kobject_put(&sbinfo->si_kobj);
+}
+
+int dbgaufs_si_init(struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo)
+{
+	int err;
+	char name[SysaufsSiNameLen];
+
+	/*
+	 * This function is a dynamic '__init' fucntion actually,
+	 * so the tiny check for si_rwsem is unnecessary.
+	 */
+	/* AuRwMustWriteLock(&sbinfo->si_rwsem); */
+
+	err = -ENOENT;
+	if (!dbgaufs) {
+		AuErr1("/debug/aufs is uninitialized\n");
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	err = -EIO;
+	sysaufs_name(sbinfo, name);
+	sbinfo->si_dbgaufs = debugfs_create_dir(name, dbgaufs);
+	if (unlikely(!sbinfo->si_dbgaufs))
+		goto out;
+	kobject_get(&sbinfo->si_kobj);
+
+	sbinfo->si_dbgaufs_xib = debugfs_create_file
+		("xib", dbgaufs_mode, sbinfo->si_dbgaufs, sbinfo,
+		 &dbgaufs_xib_fop);
+	if (unlikely(!sbinfo->si_dbgaufs_xib))
+		goto out_dir;
+
+	err = dbgaufs_xigen_init(sbinfo);
+	if (!err)
+		goto out; /* success */
+
+out_dir:
+	dbgaufs_si_fin(sbinfo);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+void dbgaufs_fin(void)
+{
+	debugfs_remove(dbgaufs);
+}
+
+int __init dbgaufs_init(void)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	err = -EIO;
+	dbgaufs = debugfs_create_dir(AUFS_NAME, NULL);
+	if (dbgaufs)
+		err = 0;
+	return err;
+}
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/dbgaufs.h b/ubuntu/aufs/dbgaufs.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8fe49742e558
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/dbgaufs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * debugfs interface
+ */
+
+#ifndef __DBGAUFS_H__
+#define __DBGAUFS_H__
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+
+struct super_block;
+struct au_sbinfo;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FS
+/* dbgaufs.c */
+void dbgaufs_brs_del(struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t bindex);
+void dbgaufs_brs_add(struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t bindex);
+void dbgaufs_si_fin(struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo);
+int dbgaufs_si_init(struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo);
+void dbgaufs_fin(void);
+int __init dbgaufs_init(void);
+#else
+AuStubVoid(dbgaufs_brs_del, struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+AuStubVoid(dbgaufs_brs_add, struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+AuStubVoid(dbgaufs_si_fin, struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo)
+AuStubInt0(dbgaufs_si_init, struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo)
+AuStubVoid(dbgaufs_fin, void)
+AuStubInt0(__init dbgaufs_init, void)
+#endif /* CONFIG_DEBUG_FS */
+
+#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
+#endif /* __DBGAUFS_H__ */
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/dcsub.c b/ubuntu/aufs/dcsub.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5e8321eca3d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/dcsub.c
@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * sub-routines for dentry cache
+ */
+
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+static void au_dpage_free(struct au_dpage *dpage)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct dentry **p;
+
+	p = dpage->dentries;
+	for (i = 0; i < dpage->ndentry; i++)
+		dput(*p++);
+	free_page((unsigned long)dpage->dentries);
+}
+
+int au_dpages_init(struct au_dcsub_pages *dpages, gfp_t gfp)
+{
+	int err;
+	void *p;
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	dpages->dpages = kmalloc(sizeof(*dpages->dpages), gfp);
+	if (unlikely(!dpages->dpages))
+		goto out;
+
+	p = (void *)__get_free_page(gfp);
+	if (unlikely(!p))
+		goto out_dpages;
+
+	dpages->dpages[0].ndentry = 0;
+	dpages->dpages[0].dentries = p;
+	dpages->ndpage = 1;
+	return 0; /* success */
+
+out_dpages:
+	kfree(dpages->dpages);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+void au_dpages_free(struct au_dcsub_pages *dpages)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct au_dpage *p;
+
+	p = dpages->dpages;
+	for (i = 0; i < dpages->ndpage; i++)
+		au_dpage_free(p++);
+	kfree(dpages->dpages);
+}
+
+static int au_dpages_append(struct au_dcsub_pages *dpages,
+			    struct dentry *dentry, gfp_t gfp)
+{
+	int err, sz;
+	struct au_dpage *dpage;
+	void *p;
+
+	dpage = dpages->dpages + dpages->ndpage - 1;
+	sz = PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(dentry);
+	if (unlikely(dpage->ndentry >= sz)) {
+		AuLabel(new dpage);
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		sz = dpages->ndpage * sizeof(*dpages->dpages);
+		p = au_kzrealloc(dpages->dpages, sz,
+				 sz + sizeof(*dpages->dpages), gfp);
+		if (unlikely(!p))
+			goto out;
+
+		dpages->dpages = p;
+		dpage = dpages->dpages + dpages->ndpage;
+		p = (void *)__get_free_page(gfp);
+		if (unlikely(!p))
+			goto out;
+
+		dpage->ndentry = 0;
+		dpage->dentries = p;
+		dpages->ndpage++;
+	}
+
+	AuDebugOn(!dentry->d_count);
+	dpage->dentries[dpage->ndentry++] = dget_dlock(dentry);
+	return 0; /* success */
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+int au_dcsub_pages(struct au_dcsub_pages *dpages, struct dentry *root,
+		   au_dpages_test test, void *arg)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct dentry *this_parent;
+	struct list_head *next;
+	struct super_block *sb = root->d_sb;
+
+	err = 0;
+	write_seqlock(&rename_lock);
+	this_parent = root;
+	spin_lock(&this_parent->d_lock);
+repeat:
+	next = this_parent->d_subdirs.next;
+resume:
+	if (this_parent->d_sb == sb
+	    && !IS_ROOT(this_parent)
+	    && au_di(this_parent)
+	    && this_parent->d_count
+	    && (!test || test(this_parent, arg))) {
+		err = au_dpages_append(dpages, this_parent, GFP_ATOMIC);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	while (next != &this_parent->d_subdirs) {
+		struct list_head *tmp = next;
+		struct dentry *dentry = list_entry(tmp, struct dentry,
+						   d_u.d_child);
+
+		next = tmp->next;
+		spin_lock_nested(&dentry->d_lock, DENTRY_D_LOCK_NESTED);
+		if (dentry->d_count) {
+			if (!list_empty(&dentry->d_subdirs)) {
+				spin_unlock(&this_parent->d_lock);
+				spin_release(&dentry->d_lock.dep_map, 1,
+					     _RET_IP_);
+				this_parent = dentry;
+				spin_acquire(&this_parent->d_lock.dep_map, 0, 1,
+					     _RET_IP_);
+				goto repeat;
+			}
+			if (dentry->d_sb == sb
+			    && au_di(dentry)
+			    && (!test || test(dentry, arg)))
+				err = au_dpages_append(dpages, dentry,
+						       GFP_ATOMIC);
+		}
+		spin_unlock(&dentry->d_lock);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (this_parent != root) {
+		struct dentry *tmp;
+		struct dentry *child;
+
+		tmp = this_parent->d_parent;
+		rcu_read_lock();
+		spin_unlock(&this_parent->d_lock);
+		child = this_parent;
+		this_parent = tmp;
+		spin_lock(&this_parent->d_lock);
+		rcu_read_unlock();
+		next = child->d_u.d_child.next;
+		goto resume;
+	}
+
+out:
+	spin_unlock(&this_parent->d_lock);
+	write_sequnlock(&rename_lock);
+	return err;
+}
+
+int au_dcsub_pages_rev(struct au_dcsub_pages *dpages, struct dentry *dentry,
+		       int do_include, au_dpages_test test, void *arg)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	err = 0;
+	write_seqlock(&rename_lock);
+	spin_lock(&dentry->d_lock);
+	if (do_include
+	    && dentry->d_count
+	    && (!test || test(dentry, arg)))
+		err = au_dpages_append(dpages, dentry, GFP_ATOMIC);
+	spin_unlock(&dentry->d_lock);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	/*
+	 * vfsmount_lock is unnecessary since this is a traverse in a single
+	 * mount
+	 */
+	while (!IS_ROOT(dentry)) {
+		dentry = dentry->d_parent; /* rename_lock is locked */
+		spin_lock(&dentry->d_lock);
+		if (dentry->d_count
+		    && (!test || test(dentry, arg)))
+			err = au_dpages_append(dpages, dentry, GFP_ATOMIC);
+		spin_unlock(&dentry->d_lock);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			break;
+	}
+
+out:
+	write_sequnlock(&rename_lock);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static inline int au_dcsub_dpages_aufs(struct dentry *dentry, void *arg)
+{
+	return au_di(dentry) && dentry->d_sb == arg;
+}
+
+int au_dcsub_pages_rev_aufs(struct au_dcsub_pages *dpages,
+			    struct dentry *dentry, int do_include)
+{
+	return au_dcsub_pages_rev(dpages, dentry, do_include,
+				  au_dcsub_dpages_aufs, dentry->d_sb);
+}
+
+int au_test_subdir(struct dentry *d1, struct dentry *d2)
+{
+	struct path path[2] = {
+		{
+			.dentry = d1
+		},
+		{
+			.dentry = d2
+		}
+	};
+
+	return path_is_under(path + 0, path + 1);
+}
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/dcsub.h b/ubuntu/aufs/dcsub.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3d10731e2769
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/dcsub.h
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * sub-routines for dentry cache
+ */
+
+#ifndef __AUFS_DCSUB_H__
+#define __AUFS_DCSUB_H__
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+
+#include <linux/dcache.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+
+struct dentry;
+
+struct au_dpage {
+	int ndentry;
+	struct dentry **dentries;
+};
+
+struct au_dcsub_pages {
+	int ndpage;
+	struct au_dpage *dpages;
+};
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* dcsub.c */
+int au_dpages_init(struct au_dcsub_pages *dpages, gfp_t gfp);
+void au_dpages_free(struct au_dcsub_pages *dpages);
+typedef int (*au_dpages_test)(struct dentry *dentry, void *arg);
+int au_dcsub_pages(struct au_dcsub_pages *dpages, struct dentry *root,
+		   au_dpages_test test, void *arg);
+int au_dcsub_pages_rev(struct au_dcsub_pages *dpages, struct dentry *dentry,
+		       int do_include, au_dpages_test test, void *arg);
+int au_dcsub_pages_rev_aufs(struct au_dcsub_pages *dpages,
+			    struct dentry *dentry, int do_include);
+int au_test_subdir(struct dentry *d1, struct dentry *d2);
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static inline int au_d_hashed_positive(struct dentry *d)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct inode *inode = d->d_inode;
+	err = 0;
+	if (unlikely(d_unhashed(d) || !inode || !inode->i_nlink))
+		err = -ENOENT;
+	return err;
+}
+
+static inline int au_d_alive(struct dentry *d)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	err = 0;
+	if (!IS_ROOT(d))
+		err = au_d_hashed_positive(d);
+	else {
+		inode = d->d_inode;
+		if (unlikely(d_unlinked(d) || !inode || !inode->i_nlink))
+			err = -ENOENT;
+	}
+	return err;
+}
+
+static inline int au_alive_dir(struct dentry *d)
+{
+	int err;
+	err = au_d_alive(d);
+	if (unlikely(err || IS_DEADDIR(d->d_inode)))
+		err = -ENOENT;
+	return err;
+}
+
+#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
+#endif /* __AUFS_DCSUB_H__ */
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/debug.c b/ubuntu/aufs/debug.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9c9091d290a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/debug.c
@@ -0,0 +1,489 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * debug print functions
+ */
+
+#include <linux/vt_kern.h>
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+int aufs_debug;
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(debug, "debug print");
+module_param_named(debug, aufs_debug, int, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR | S_IWGRP);
+
+char *au_plevel = KERN_DEBUG;
+#define dpri(fmt, ...) do {					\
+	if ((au_plevel						\
+	     && strcmp(au_plevel, KERN_DEBUG))			\
+	    || au_debug_test())					\
+		printk("%s" fmt, au_plevel, ##__VA_ARGS__);	\
+} while (0)
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+void au_dpri_whlist(struct au_nhash *whlist)
+{
+	unsigned long ul, n;
+	struct hlist_head *head;
+	struct au_vdir_wh *tpos;
+	struct hlist_node *pos;
+
+	n = whlist->nh_num;
+	head = whlist->nh_head;
+	for (ul = 0; ul < n; ul++) {
+		hlist_for_each_entry(tpos, pos, head, wh_hash)
+			dpri("b%d, %.*s, %d\n",
+			     tpos->wh_bindex,
+			     tpos->wh_str.len, tpos->wh_str.name,
+			     tpos->wh_str.len);
+		head++;
+	}
+}
+
+void au_dpri_vdir(struct au_vdir *vdir)
+{
+	unsigned long ul;
+	union au_vdir_deblk_p p;
+	unsigned char *o;
+
+	if (!vdir || IS_ERR(vdir)) {
+		dpri("err %ld\n", PTR_ERR(vdir));
+		return;
+	}
+
+	dpri("deblk %u, nblk %lu, deblk %p, last{%lu, %p}, ver %lu\n",
+	     vdir->vd_deblk_sz, vdir->vd_nblk, vdir->vd_deblk,
+	     vdir->vd_last.ul, vdir->vd_last.p.deblk, vdir->vd_version);
+	for (ul = 0; ul < vdir->vd_nblk; ul++) {
+		p.deblk = vdir->vd_deblk[ul];
+		o = p.deblk;
+		dpri("[%lu]: %p\n", ul, o);
+	}
+}
+
+static int do_pri_inode(aufs_bindex_t bindex, struct inode *inode, int hn,
+			struct dentry *wh)
+{
+	char *n = NULL;
+	int l = 0;
+
+	if (!inode || IS_ERR(inode)) {
+		dpri("i%d: err %ld\n", bindex, PTR_ERR(inode));
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	/* the type of i_blocks depends upon CONFIG_LSF */
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(inode->i_blocks) != sizeof(unsigned long)
+		     && sizeof(inode->i_blocks) != sizeof(u64));
+	if (wh) {
+		n = (void *)wh->d_name.name;
+		l = wh->d_name.len;
+	}
+
+	dpri("i%d: %p, i%lu, %s, cnt %d, nl %u, 0%o, sz %llu, blk %llu,"
+	     " hn %d, ct %lld, np %lu, st 0x%lx, f 0x%x, v %llu, g %x%s%.*s\n",
+	     bindex, inode,
+	     inode->i_ino, inode->i_sb ? au_sbtype(inode->i_sb) : "??",
+	     atomic_read(&inode->i_count), inode->i_nlink, inode->i_mode,
+	     i_size_read(inode), (unsigned long long)inode->i_blocks,
+	     hn, (long long)timespec_to_ns(&inode->i_ctime) & 0x0ffff,
+	     inode->i_mapping ? inode->i_mapping->nrpages : 0,
+	     inode->i_state, inode->i_flags, inode->i_version,
+	     inode->i_generation,
+	     l ? ", wh " : "", l, n);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void au_dpri_inode(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	struct au_iinfo *iinfo;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex;
+	int err, hn;
+
+	err = do_pri_inode(-1, inode, -1, NULL);
+	if (err || !au_test_aufs(inode->i_sb))
+		return;
+
+	iinfo = au_ii(inode);
+	if (!iinfo)
+		return;
+	dpri("i-1: bstart %d, bend %d, gen %d\n",
+	     iinfo->ii_bstart, iinfo->ii_bend, au_iigen(inode));
+	if (iinfo->ii_bstart < 0)
+		return;
+	hn = 0;
+	for (bindex = iinfo->ii_bstart; bindex <= iinfo->ii_bend; bindex++) {
+		hn = !!au_hn(iinfo->ii_hinode + bindex);
+		do_pri_inode(bindex, iinfo->ii_hinode[0 + bindex].hi_inode, hn,
+			     iinfo->ii_hinode[0 + bindex].hi_whdentry);
+	}
+}
+
+void au_dpri_dalias(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	struct dentry *d;
+
+	spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
+	list_for_each_entry(d, &inode->i_dentry, d_alias)
+		au_dpri_dentry(d);
+	spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
+}
+
+static int do_pri_dentry(aufs_bindex_t bindex, struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	struct dentry *wh = NULL;
+	int hn;
+
+	if (!dentry || IS_ERR(dentry)) {
+		dpri("d%d: err %ld\n", bindex, PTR_ERR(dentry));
+		return -1;
+	}
+	/* do not call dget_parent() here */
+	/* note: access d_xxx without d_lock */
+	dpri("d%d: %.*s?/%.*s, %s, cnt %d, flags 0x%x\n",
+	     bindex,
+	     AuDLNPair(dentry->d_parent), AuDLNPair(dentry),
+	     dentry->d_sb ? au_sbtype(dentry->d_sb) : "??",
+	     dentry->d_count, dentry->d_flags);
+	hn = -1;
+	if (bindex >= 0 && dentry->d_inode && au_test_aufs(dentry->d_sb)) {
+		struct au_iinfo *iinfo = au_ii(dentry->d_inode);
+		if (iinfo) {
+			hn = !!au_hn(iinfo->ii_hinode + bindex);
+			wh = iinfo->ii_hinode[0 + bindex].hi_whdentry;
+		}
+	}
+	do_pri_inode(bindex, dentry->d_inode, hn, wh);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void au_dpri_dentry(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	struct au_dinfo *dinfo;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex;
+	int err;
+	struct au_hdentry *hdp;
+
+	err = do_pri_dentry(-1, dentry);
+	if (err || !au_test_aufs(dentry->d_sb))
+		return;
+
+	dinfo = au_di(dentry);
+	if (!dinfo)
+		return;
+	dpri("d-1: bstart %d, bend %d, bwh %d, bdiropq %d, gen %d\n",
+	     dinfo->di_bstart, dinfo->di_bend,
+	     dinfo->di_bwh, dinfo->di_bdiropq, au_digen(dentry));
+	if (dinfo->di_bstart < 0)
+		return;
+	hdp = dinfo->di_hdentry;
+	for (bindex = dinfo->di_bstart; bindex <= dinfo->di_bend; bindex++)
+		do_pri_dentry(bindex, hdp[0 + bindex].hd_dentry);
+}
+
+static int do_pri_file(aufs_bindex_t bindex, struct file *file)
+{
+	char a[32];
+
+	if (!file || IS_ERR(file)) {
+		dpri("f%d: err %ld\n", bindex, PTR_ERR(file));
+		return -1;
+	}
+	a[0] = 0;
+	if (bindex < 0
+	    && file->f_dentry
+	    && au_test_aufs(file->f_dentry->d_sb)
+	    && au_fi(file))
+		snprintf(a, sizeof(a), ", gen %d, mmapped %d",
+			 au_figen(file), atomic_read(&au_fi(file)->fi_mmapped));
+	dpri("f%d: mode 0x%x, flags 0%o, cnt %ld, v %llu, pos %llu%s\n",
+	     bindex, file->f_mode, file->f_flags, (long)file_count(file),
+	     file->f_version, file->f_pos, a);
+	if (file->f_dentry)
+		do_pri_dentry(bindex, file->f_dentry);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void au_dpri_file(struct file *file)
+{
+	struct au_finfo *finfo;
+	struct au_fidir *fidir;
+	struct au_hfile *hfile;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex;
+	int err;
+
+	err = do_pri_file(-1, file);
+	if (err || !file->f_dentry || !au_test_aufs(file->f_dentry->d_sb))
+		return;
+
+	finfo = au_fi(file);
+	if (!finfo)
+		return;
+	if (finfo->fi_btop < 0)
+		return;
+	fidir = finfo->fi_hdir;
+	if (!fidir)
+		do_pri_file(finfo->fi_btop, finfo->fi_htop.hf_file);
+	else
+		for (bindex = finfo->fi_btop;
+		     bindex >= 0 && bindex <= fidir->fd_bbot;
+		     bindex++) {
+			hfile = fidir->fd_hfile + bindex;
+			do_pri_file(bindex, hfile ? hfile->hf_file : NULL);
+		}
+}
+
+static int do_pri_br(aufs_bindex_t bindex, struct au_branch *br)
+{
+	struct vfsmount *mnt;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+
+	if (!br || IS_ERR(br))
+		goto out;
+	mnt = br->br_mnt;
+	if (!mnt || IS_ERR(mnt))
+		goto out;
+	sb = mnt->mnt_sb;
+	if (!sb || IS_ERR(sb))
+		goto out;
+
+	dpri("s%d: {perm 0x%x, id %d, cnt %d, wbr %p}, "
+	     "%s, dev 0x%02x%02x, flags 0x%lx, cnt %d, active %d, "
+	     "xino %d\n",
+	     bindex, br->br_perm, br->br_id, atomic_read(&br->br_count),
+	     br->br_wbr, au_sbtype(sb), MAJOR(sb->s_dev), MINOR(sb->s_dev),
+	     sb->s_flags, sb->s_count,
+	     atomic_read(&sb->s_active), !!br->br_xino.xi_file);
+	return 0;
+
+out:
+	dpri("s%d: err %ld\n", bindex, PTR_ERR(br));
+	return -1;
+}
+
+void au_dpri_sb(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex;
+	int err;
+	/* to reuduce stack size */
+	struct {
+		struct vfsmount mnt;
+		struct au_branch fake;
+	} *a;
+
+	/* this function can be called from magic sysrq */
+	a = kzalloc(sizeof(*a), GFP_ATOMIC);
+	if (unlikely(!a)) {
+		dpri("no memory\n");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	a->mnt.mnt_sb = sb;
+	a->fake.br_perm = 0;
+	a->fake.br_mnt = &a->mnt;
+	a->fake.br_xino.xi_file = NULL;
+	atomic_set(&a->fake.br_count, 0);
+	smp_mb(); /* atomic_set */
+	err = do_pri_br(-1, &a->fake);
+	kfree(a);
+	dpri("dev 0x%x\n", sb->s_dev);
+	if (err || !au_test_aufs(sb))
+		return;
+
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	if (!sbinfo)
+		return;
+	dpri("nw %d, gen %u, kobj %d\n",
+	     atomic_read(&sbinfo->si_nowait.nw_len), sbinfo->si_generation,
+	     atomic_read(&sbinfo->si_kobj.kref.refcount));
+	for (bindex = 0; bindex <= sbinfo->si_bend; bindex++)
+		do_pri_br(bindex, sbinfo->si_branch[0 + bindex]);
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+void au_dbg_sleep_jiffy(int jiffy)
+{
+	while (jiffy)
+		jiffy = schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(jiffy);
+}
+
+void au_dbg_iattr(struct iattr *ia)
+{
+#define AuBit(name)	if (ia->ia_valid & ATTR_ ## name) \
+				dpri(#name "\n")
+	AuBit(MODE);
+	AuBit(UID);
+	AuBit(GID);
+	AuBit(SIZE);
+	AuBit(ATIME);
+	AuBit(MTIME);
+	AuBit(CTIME);
+	AuBit(ATIME_SET);
+	AuBit(MTIME_SET);
+	AuBit(FORCE);
+	AuBit(ATTR_FLAG);
+	AuBit(KILL_SUID);
+	AuBit(KILL_SGID);
+	AuBit(FILE);
+	AuBit(KILL_PRIV);
+	AuBit(OPEN);
+	AuBit(TIMES_SET);
+#undef	AuBit
+	dpri("ia_file %p\n", ia->ia_file);
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+void __au_dbg_verify_dinode(struct dentry *dentry, const char *func, int line)
+{
+	struct inode *h_inode, *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+	struct dentry *h_dentry;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, bend, bi;
+
+	if (!inode /* || au_di(dentry)->di_lsc == AuLsc_DI_TMP */)
+		return;
+
+	bend = au_dbend(dentry);
+	bi = au_ibend(inode);
+	if (bi < bend)
+		bend = bi;
+	bindex = au_dbstart(dentry);
+	bi = au_ibstart(inode);
+	if (bi > bindex)
+		bindex = bi;
+
+	for (; bindex <= bend; bindex++) {
+		h_dentry = au_h_dptr(dentry, bindex);
+		if (!h_dentry)
+			continue;
+		h_inode = au_h_iptr(inode, bindex);
+		if (unlikely(h_inode != h_dentry->d_inode)) {
+			int old = au_debug_test();
+			if (!old)
+				au_debug(1);
+			AuDbg("b%d, %s:%d\n", bindex, func, line);
+			AuDbgDentry(dentry);
+			AuDbgInode(inode);
+			if (!old)
+				au_debug(0);
+			BUG();
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void au_dbg_verify_dir_parent(struct dentry *dentry, unsigned int sigen)
+{
+	struct dentry *parent;
+
+	parent = dget_parent(dentry);
+	AuDebugOn(!S_ISDIR(dentry->d_inode->i_mode));
+	AuDebugOn(IS_ROOT(dentry));
+	AuDebugOn(au_digen_test(parent, sigen));
+	dput(parent);
+}
+
+void au_dbg_verify_nondir_parent(struct dentry *dentry, unsigned int sigen)
+{
+	struct dentry *parent;
+	struct inode *inode;
+
+	parent = dget_parent(dentry);
+	inode = dentry->d_inode;
+	AuDebugOn(inode && S_ISDIR(dentry->d_inode->i_mode));
+	AuDebugOn(au_digen_test(parent, sigen));
+	dput(parent);
+}
+
+void au_dbg_verify_gen(struct dentry *parent, unsigned int sigen)
+{
+	int err, i, j;
+	struct au_dcsub_pages dpages;
+	struct au_dpage *dpage;
+	struct dentry **dentries;
+
+	err = au_dpages_init(&dpages, GFP_NOFS);
+	AuDebugOn(err);
+	err = au_dcsub_pages_rev_aufs(&dpages, parent, /*do_include*/1);
+	AuDebugOn(err);
+	for (i = dpages.ndpage - 1; !err && i >= 0; i--) {
+		dpage = dpages.dpages + i;
+		dentries = dpage->dentries;
+		for (j = dpage->ndentry - 1; !err && j >= 0; j--)
+			AuDebugOn(au_digen_test(dentries[j], sigen));
+	}
+	au_dpages_free(&dpages);
+}
+
+void au_dbg_verify_kthread(void)
+{
+	if (au_wkq_test()) {
+		au_dbg_blocked();
+		/*
+		 * It may be recursive, but udba=notify between two aufs mounts,
+		 * where a single ro branch is shared, is not a problem.
+		 */
+		/* WARN_ON(1); */
+	}
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+void au_debug_sbinfo_init(struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo __maybe_unused)
+{
+#ifdef AuForceNoPlink
+	au_opt_clr(sbinfo->si_mntflags, PLINK);
+#endif
+#ifdef AuForceNoXino
+	au_opt_clr(sbinfo->si_mntflags, XINO);
+#endif
+#ifdef AuForceNoRefrof
+	au_opt_clr(sbinfo->si_mntflags, REFROF);
+#endif
+#ifdef AuForceHnotify
+	au_opt_set_udba(sbinfo->si_mntflags, UDBA_HNOTIFY);
+#endif
+#ifdef AuForceRd0
+	sbinfo->si_rdblk = 0;
+	sbinfo->si_rdhash = 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+int __init au_debug_init(void)
+{
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex;
+	struct au_vdir_destr destr;
+
+	bindex = -1;
+	AuDebugOn(bindex >= 0);
+
+	destr.len = -1;
+	AuDebugOn(destr.len < NAME_MAX);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_4KSTACKS
+	pr_warning("CONFIG_4KSTACKS is defined.\n");
+#endif
+
+#ifdef AuForceNoBrs
+	sysaufs_brs = 0;
+#endif
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/debug.h b/ubuntu/aufs/debug.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c4d5610a7f5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/debug.h
@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * debug print functions
+ */
+
+#ifndef __AUFS_DEBUG_H__
+#define __AUFS_DEBUG_H__
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+
+#include <asm/system.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/kallsyms.h>
+#include <linux/sysrq.h>
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_DEBUG
+#define AuDebugOn(a)		BUG_ON(a)
+
+/* module parameter */
+extern int aufs_debug;
+static inline void au_debug(int n)
+{
+	aufs_debug = n;
+	smp_mb();
+}
+
+static inline int au_debug_test(void)
+{
+	return aufs_debug;
+}
+#else
+#define AuDebugOn(a)		do {} while (0)
+AuStubVoid(au_debug, int n)
+AuStubInt0(au_debug_test, void)
+#endif /* CONFIG_AUFS_DEBUG */
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* debug print */
+
+#define AuDbg(fmt, ...) do { \
+	if (au_debug_test()) \
+		pr_debug("DEBUG: " fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
+} while (0)
+#define AuLabel(l)		AuDbg(#l "\n")
+#define AuIOErr(fmt, ...)	pr_err("I/O Error, " fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define AuWarn1(fmt, ...) do { \
+	static unsigned char _c; \
+	if (!_c++) \
+		pr_warning(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
+} while (0)
+
+#define AuErr1(fmt, ...) do { \
+	static unsigned char _c; \
+	if (!_c++) \
+		pr_err(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
+} while (0)
+
+#define AuIOErr1(fmt, ...) do { \
+	static unsigned char _c; \
+	if (!_c++) \
+		AuIOErr(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
+} while (0)
+
+#define AuUnsupportMsg	"This operation is not supported." \
+			" Please report this application to aufs-users ML."
+#define AuUnsupport(fmt, ...) do { \
+	pr_err(AuUnsupportMsg "\n" fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
+	dump_stack(); \
+} while (0)
+
+#define AuTraceErr(e) do { \
+	if (unlikely((e) < 0)) \
+		AuDbg("err %d\n", (int)(e)); \
+} while (0)
+
+#define AuTraceErrPtr(p) do { \
+	if (IS_ERR(p)) \
+		AuDbg("err %ld\n", PTR_ERR(p)); \
+} while (0)
+
+/* dirty macros for debug print, use with "%.*s" and caution */
+#define AuLNPair(qstr)		(qstr)->len, (qstr)->name
+#define AuDLNPair(d)		AuLNPair(&(d)->d_name)
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+struct au_sbinfo;
+struct au_finfo;
+struct dentry;
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_DEBUG
+extern char *au_plevel;
+struct au_nhash;
+void au_dpri_whlist(struct au_nhash *whlist);
+struct au_vdir;
+void au_dpri_vdir(struct au_vdir *vdir);
+struct inode;
+void au_dpri_inode(struct inode *inode);
+void au_dpri_dalias(struct inode *inode);
+void au_dpri_dentry(struct dentry *dentry);
+struct file;
+void au_dpri_file(struct file *filp);
+struct super_block;
+void au_dpri_sb(struct super_block *sb);
+
+void au_dbg_sleep_jiffy(int jiffy);
+struct iattr;
+void au_dbg_iattr(struct iattr *ia);
+
+#define au_dbg_verify_dinode(d) __au_dbg_verify_dinode(d, __func__, __LINE__)
+void __au_dbg_verify_dinode(struct dentry *dentry, const char *func, int line);
+void au_dbg_verify_dir_parent(struct dentry *dentry, unsigned int sigen);
+void au_dbg_verify_nondir_parent(struct dentry *dentry, unsigned int sigen);
+void au_dbg_verify_gen(struct dentry *parent, unsigned int sigen);
+void au_dbg_verify_kthread(void);
+
+int __init au_debug_init(void);
+void au_debug_sbinfo_init(struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo);
+#define AuDbgWhlist(w) do { \
+	AuDbg(#w "\n"); \
+	au_dpri_whlist(w); \
+} while (0)
+
+#define AuDbgVdir(v) do { \
+	AuDbg(#v "\n"); \
+	au_dpri_vdir(v); \
+} while (0)
+
+#define AuDbgInode(i) do { \
+	AuDbg(#i "\n"); \
+	au_dpri_inode(i); \
+} while (0)
+
+#define AuDbgDAlias(i) do { \
+	AuDbg(#i "\n"); \
+	au_dpri_dalias(i); \
+} while (0)
+
+#define AuDbgDentry(d) do { \
+	AuDbg(#d "\n"); \
+	au_dpri_dentry(d); \
+} while (0)
+
+#define AuDbgFile(f) do { \
+	AuDbg(#f "\n"); \
+	au_dpri_file(f); \
+} while (0)
+
+#define AuDbgSb(sb) do { \
+	AuDbg(#sb "\n"); \
+	au_dpri_sb(sb); \
+} while (0)
+
+#define AuDbgSleep(sec) do { \
+	AuDbg("sleep %d sec\n", sec); \
+	ssleep(sec); \
+} while (0)
+
+#define AuDbgSleepJiffy(jiffy) do { \
+	AuDbg("sleep %d jiffies\n", jiffy); \
+	au_dbg_sleep_jiffy(jiffy); \
+} while (0)
+
+#define AuDbgIAttr(ia) do { \
+	AuDbg("ia_valid 0x%x\n", (ia)->ia_valid); \
+	au_dbg_iattr(ia); \
+} while (0)
+
+#define AuDbgSym(addr) do {				\
+	char sym[KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN];			\
+	sprint_symbol(sym, (unsigned long)addr);	\
+	AuDbg("%s\n", sym);				\
+} while (0)
+
+#define AuInfoSym(addr) do {				\
+	char sym[KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN];			\
+	sprint_symbol(sym, (unsigned long)addr);	\
+	AuInfo("%s\n", sym);				\
+} while (0)
+#else
+AuStubVoid(au_dbg_verify_dinode, struct dentry *dentry)
+AuStubVoid(au_dbg_verify_dir_parent, struct dentry *dentry, unsigned int sigen)
+AuStubVoid(au_dbg_verify_nondir_parent, struct dentry *dentry,
+	   unsigned int sigen)
+AuStubVoid(au_dbg_verify_gen, struct dentry *parent, unsigned int sigen)
+AuStubVoid(au_dbg_verify_kthread, void)
+AuStubInt0(__init au_debug_init, void)
+AuStubVoid(au_debug_sbinfo_init, struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo)
+
+#define AuDbgWhlist(w)		do {} while (0)
+#define AuDbgVdir(v)		do {} while (0)
+#define AuDbgInode(i)		do {} while (0)
+#define AuDbgDAlias(i)		do {} while (0)
+#define AuDbgDentry(d)		do {} while (0)
+#define AuDbgFile(f)		do {} while (0)
+#define AuDbgSb(sb)		do {} while (0)
+#define AuDbgSleep(sec)		do {} while (0)
+#define AuDbgSleepJiffy(jiffy)	do {} while (0)
+#define AuDbgIAttr(ia)		do {} while (0)
+#define AuDbgSym(addr)		do {} while (0)
+#define AuInfoSym(addr)		do {} while (0)
+#endif /* CONFIG_AUFS_DEBUG */
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_MAGIC_SYSRQ
+int __init au_sysrq_init(void);
+void au_sysrq_fin(void);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_HW_CONSOLE
+#define au_dbg_blocked() do { \
+	WARN_ON(1); \
+	handle_sysrq('w'); \
+} while (0)
+#else
+AuStubVoid(au_dbg_blocked, void)
+#endif
+
+#else
+AuStubInt0(__init au_sysrq_init, void)
+AuStubVoid(au_sysrq_fin, void)
+AuStubVoid(au_dbg_blocked, void)
+#endif /* CONFIG_AUFS_MAGIC_SYSRQ */
+
+#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
+#endif /* __AUFS_DEBUG_H__ */
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/dentry.c b/ubuntu/aufs/dentry.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..11ed8c25faf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/dentry.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1140 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * lookup and dentry operations
+ */
+
+#include <linux/namei.h>
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+static void au_h_nd(struct nameidata *h_nd, struct nameidata *nd)
+{
+	if (nd) {
+		*h_nd = *nd;
+
+		/*
+		 * gave up supporting LOOKUP_CREATE/OPEN for lower fs,
+		 * due to whiteout and branch permission.
+		 */
+		h_nd->flags &= ~(/*LOOKUP_PARENT |*/ LOOKUP_OPEN | LOOKUP_CREATE
+				 | LOOKUP_FOLLOW | LOOKUP_EXCL);
+		/* unnecessary? */
+		h_nd->intent.open.file = NULL;
+	} else
+		memset(h_nd, 0, sizeof(*h_nd));
+}
+
+struct au_lkup_one_args {
+	struct dentry **errp;
+	struct qstr *name;
+	struct dentry *h_parent;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+	struct nameidata *nd;
+};
+
+struct dentry *au_lkup_one(struct qstr *name, struct dentry *h_parent,
+			   struct au_branch *br, struct nameidata *nd)
+{
+	struct dentry *h_dentry;
+	int err;
+	struct nameidata h_nd;
+
+	if (au_test_fs_null_nd(h_parent->d_sb))
+		return vfsub_lookup_one_len(name->name, h_parent, name->len);
+
+	au_h_nd(&h_nd, nd);
+	h_nd.path.dentry = h_parent;
+	h_nd.path.mnt = br->br_mnt;
+
+	err = vfsub_name_hash(name->name, &h_nd.last, name->len);
+	h_dentry = ERR_PTR(err);
+	if (!err) {
+		path_get(&h_nd.path);
+		h_dentry = vfsub_lookup_hash(&h_nd);
+		path_put(&h_nd.path);
+	}
+
+	AuTraceErrPtr(h_dentry);
+	return h_dentry;
+}
+
+static void au_call_lkup_one(void *args)
+{
+	struct au_lkup_one_args *a = args;
+	*a->errp = au_lkup_one(a->name, a->h_parent, a->br, a->nd);
+}
+
+#define AuLkup_ALLOW_NEG	1
+#define au_ftest_lkup(flags, name)	((flags) & AuLkup_##name)
+#define au_fset_lkup(flags, name) \
+	do { (flags) |= AuLkup_##name; } while (0)
+#define au_fclr_lkup(flags, name) \
+	do { (flags) &= ~AuLkup_##name; } while (0)
+
+struct au_do_lookup_args {
+	unsigned int		flags;
+	mode_t			type;
+	struct nameidata	*nd;
+};
+
+/*
+ * returns positive/negative dentry, NULL or an error.
+ * NULL means whiteout-ed or not-found.
+ */
+static struct dentry*
+au_do_lookup(struct dentry *h_parent, struct dentry *dentry,
+	     aufs_bindex_t bindex, struct qstr *wh_name,
+	     struct au_do_lookup_args *args)
+{
+	struct dentry *h_dentry;
+	struct inode *h_inode, *inode;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+	int wh_found, opq;
+	unsigned char wh_able;
+	const unsigned char allow_neg = !!au_ftest_lkup(args->flags, ALLOW_NEG);
+
+	wh_found = 0;
+	br = au_sbr(dentry->d_sb, bindex);
+	wh_able = !!au_br_whable(br->br_perm);
+	if (wh_able)
+		wh_found = au_wh_test(h_parent, wh_name, br, /*try_sio*/0);
+	h_dentry = ERR_PTR(wh_found);
+	if (!wh_found)
+		goto real_lookup;
+	if (unlikely(wh_found < 0))
+		goto out;
+
+	/* We found a whiteout */
+	/* au_set_dbend(dentry, bindex); */
+	au_set_dbwh(dentry, bindex);
+	if (!allow_neg)
+		return NULL; /* success */
+
+real_lookup:
+	h_dentry = au_lkup_one(&dentry->d_name, h_parent, br, args->nd);
+	if (IS_ERR(h_dentry))
+		goto out;
+
+	h_inode = h_dentry->d_inode;
+	if (!h_inode) {
+		if (!allow_neg)
+			goto out_neg;
+	} else if (wh_found
+		   || (args->type && args->type != (h_inode->i_mode & S_IFMT)))
+		goto out_neg;
+
+	if (au_dbend(dentry) <= bindex)
+		au_set_dbend(dentry, bindex);
+	if (au_dbstart(dentry) < 0 || bindex < au_dbstart(dentry))
+		au_set_dbstart(dentry, bindex);
+	au_set_h_dptr(dentry, bindex, h_dentry);
+
+	inode = dentry->d_inode;
+	if (!h_inode || !S_ISDIR(h_inode->i_mode) || !wh_able
+	    || (inode && !S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode)))
+		goto out; /* success */
+
+	mutex_lock_nested(&h_inode->i_mutex, AuLsc_I_CHILD);
+	opq = au_diropq_test(h_dentry, br);
+	mutex_unlock(&h_inode->i_mutex);
+	if (opq > 0)
+		au_set_dbdiropq(dentry, bindex);
+	else if (unlikely(opq < 0)) {
+		au_set_h_dptr(dentry, bindex, NULL);
+		h_dentry = ERR_PTR(opq);
+	}
+	goto out;
+
+out_neg:
+	dput(h_dentry);
+	h_dentry = NULL;
+out:
+	return h_dentry;
+}
+
+static int au_test_shwh(struct super_block *sb, const struct qstr *name)
+{
+	if (unlikely(!au_opt_test(au_mntflags(sb), SHWH)
+		     && !strncmp(name->name, AUFS_WH_PFX, AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN)))
+		return -EPERM;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * returns the number of lower positive dentries,
+ * otherwise an error.
+ * can be called at unlinking with @type is zero.
+ */
+int au_lkup_dentry(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bstart, mode_t type,
+		   struct nameidata *nd)
+{
+	int npositive, err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, btail, bdiropq;
+	unsigned char isdir;
+	struct qstr whname;
+	struct au_do_lookup_args args = {
+		.flags	= 0,
+		.type	= type,
+		.nd	= nd
+	};
+	const struct qstr *name = &dentry->d_name;
+	struct dentry *parent;
+	struct inode *inode;
+
+	err = au_test_shwh(dentry->d_sb, name);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = au_wh_name_alloc(&whname, name);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	inode = dentry->d_inode;
+	isdir = !!(inode && S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode));
+	if (!type)
+		au_fset_lkup(args.flags, ALLOW_NEG);
+
+	npositive = 0;
+	parent = dget_parent(dentry);
+	btail = au_dbtaildir(parent);
+	for (bindex = bstart; bindex <= btail; bindex++) {
+		struct dentry *h_parent, *h_dentry;
+		struct inode *h_inode, *h_dir;
+
+		h_dentry = au_h_dptr(dentry, bindex);
+		if (h_dentry) {
+			if (h_dentry->d_inode)
+				npositive++;
+			if (type != S_IFDIR)
+				break;
+			continue;
+		}
+		h_parent = au_h_dptr(parent, bindex);
+		if (!h_parent)
+			continue;
+		h_dir = h_parent->d_inode;
+		if (!h_dir || !S_ISDIR(h_dir->i_mode))
+			continue;
+
+		mutex_lock_nested(&h_dir->i_mutex, AuLsc_I_PARENT);
+		h_dentry = au_do_lookup(h_parent, dentry, bindex, &whname,
+					&args);
+		mutex_unlock(&h_dir->i_mutex);
+		err = PTR_ERR(h_dentry);
+		if (IS_ERR(h_dentry))
+			goto out_parent;
+		au_fclr_lkup(args.flags, ALLOW_NEG);
+
+		if (au_dbwh(dentry) >= 0)
+			break;
+		if (!h_dentry)
+			continue;
+		h_inode = h_dentry->d_inode;
+		if (!h_inode)
+			continue;
+		npositive++;
+		if (!args.type)
+			args.type = h_inode->i_mode & S_IFMT;
+		if (args.type != S_IFDIR)
+			break;
+		else if (isdir) {
+			/* the type of lower may be different */
+			bdiropq = au_dbdiropq(dentry);
+			if (bdiropq >= 0 && bdiropq <= bindex)
+				break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (npositive) {
+		AuLabel(positive);
+		au_update_dbstart(dentry);
+	}
+	err = npositive;
+	if (unlikely(!au_opt_test(au_mntflags(dentry->d_sb), UDBA_NONE)
+		     && au_dbstart(dentry) < 0)) {
+		err = -EIO;
+		AuIOErr("both of real entry and whiteout found, %.*s, err %d\n",
+			AuDLNPair(dentry), err);
+	}
+
+out_parent:
+	dput(parent);
+	kfree(whname.name);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+struct dentry *au_sio_lkup_one(struct qstr *name, struct dentry *parent,
+			       struct au_branch *br)
+{
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+	int wkq_err;
+
+	if (!au_test_h_perm_sio(parent->d_inode, MAY_EXEC))
+		dentry = au_lkup_one(name, parent, br, /*nd*/NULL);
+	else {
+		struct au_lkup_one_args args = {
+			.errp		= &dentry,
+			.name		= name,
+			.h_parent	= parent,
+			.br		= br,
+			.nd		= NULL
+		};
+
+		wkq_err = au_wkq_wait(au_call_lkup_one, &args);
+		if (unlikely(wkq_err))
+			dentry = ERR_PTR(wkq_err);
+	}
+
+	return dentry;
+}
+
+/*
+ * lookup @dentry on @bindex which should be negative.
+ */
+int au_lkup_neg(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct dentry *parent, *h_parent, *h_dentry;
+
+	parent = dget_parent(dentry);
+	h_parent = au_h_dptr(parent, bindex);
+	h_dentry = au_sio_lkup_one(&dentry->d_name, h_parent,
+				   au_sbr(dentry->d_sb, bindex));
+	err = PTR_ERR(h_dentry);
+	if (IS_ERR(h_dentry))
+		goto out;
+	if (unlikely(h_dentry->d_inode)) {
+		err = -EIO;
+		AuIOErr("%.*s should be negative on b%d.\n",
+			AuDLNPair(h_dentry), bindex);
+		dput(h_dentry);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	err = 0;
+	if (bindex < au_dbstart(dentry))
+		au_set_dbstart(dentry, bindex);
+	if (au_dbend(dentry) < bindex)
+		au_set_dbend(dentry, bindex);
+	au_set_h_dptr(dentry, bindex, h_dentry);
+
+out:
+	dput(parent);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* subset of struct inode */
+struct au_iattr {
+	unsigned long		i_ino;
+	/* unsigned int		i_nlink; */
+	uid_t			i_uid;
+	gid_t			i_gid;
+	u64			i_version;
+/*
+	loff_t			i_size;
+	blkcnt_t		i_blocks;
+*/
+	umode_t			i_mode;
+};
+
+static void au_iattr_save(struct au_iattr *ia, struct inode *h_inode)
+{
+	ia->i_ino = h_inode->i_ino;
+	/* ia->i_nlink = h_inode->i_nlink; */
+	ia->i_uid = h_inode->i_uid;
+	ia->i_gid = h_inode->i_gid;
+	ia->i_version = h_inode->i_version;
+/*
+	ia->i_size = h_inode->i_size;
+	ia->i_blocks = h_inode->i_blocks;
+*/
+	ia->i_mode = (h_inode->i_mode & S_IFMT);
+}
+
+static int au_iattr_test(struct au_iattr *ia, struct inode *h_inode)
+{
+	return ia->i_ino != h_inode->i_ino
+		/* || ia->i_nlink != h_inode->i_nlink */
+		|| ia->i_uid != h_inode->i_uid
+		|| ia->i_gid != h_inode->i_gid
+		|| ia->i_version != h_inode->i_version
+/*
+		|| ia->i_size != h_inode->i_size
+		|| ia->i_blocks != h_inode->i_blocks
+*/
+		|| ia->i_mode != (h_inode->i_mode & S_IFMT);
+}
+
+static int au_h_verify_dentry(struct dentry *h_dentry, struct dentry *h_parent,
+			      struct au_branch *br)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct au_iattr ia;
+	struct inode *h_inode;
+	struct dentry *h_d;
+	struct super_block *h_sb;
+
+	err = 0;
+	memset(&ia, -1, sizeof(ia));
+	h_sb = h_dentry->d_sb;
+	h_inode = h_dentry->d_inode;
+	if (h_inode)
+		au_iattr_save(&ia, h_inode);
+	else if (au_test_nfs(h_sb) || au_test_fuse(h_sb))
+		/* nfs d_revalidate may return 0 for negative dentry */
+		/* fuse d_revalidate always return 0 for negative dentry */
+		goto out;
+
+	/* main purpose is namei.c:cached_lookup() and d_revalidate */
+	h_d = au_lkup_one(&h_dentry->d_name, h_parent, br, /*nd*/NULL);
+	err = PTR_ERR(h_d);
+	if (IS_ERR(h_d))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = 0;
+	if (unlikely(h_d != h_dentry
+		     || h_d->d_inode != h_inode
+		     || (h_inode && au_iattr_test(&ia, h_inode))))
+		err = au_busy_or_stale();
+	dput(h_d);
+
+out:
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+int au_h_verify(struct dentry *h_dentry, unsigned int udba, struct inode *h_dir,
+		struct dentry *h_parent, struct au_branch *br)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	err = 0;
+	if (udba == AuOpt_UDBA_REVAL
+	    && !au_test_fs_remote(h_dentry->d_sb)) {
+		IMustLock(h_dir);
+		err = (h_dentry->d_parent->d_inode != h_dir);
+	} else if (udba != AuOpt_UDBA_NONE)
+		err = au_h_verify_dentry(h_dentry, h_parent, br);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static int au_do_refresh_hdentry(struct dentry *dentry, struct dentry *parent)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t new_bindex, bindex, bend, bwh, bdiropq;
+	struct au_hdentry tmp, *p, *q;
+	struct au_dinfo *dinfo;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+
+	DiMustWriteLock(dentry);
+
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	dinfo = au_di(dentry);
+	bend = dinfo->di_bend;
+	bwh = dinfo->di_bwh;
+	bdiropq = dinfo->di_bdiropq;
+	p = dinfo->di_hdentry + dinfo->di_bstart;
+	for (bindex = dinfo->di_bstart; bindex <= bend; bindex++, p++) {
+		if (!p->hd_dentry)
+			continue;
+
+		new_bindex = au_br_index(sb, p->hd_id);
+		if (new_bindex == bindex)
+			continue;
+
+		if (dinfo->di_bwh == bindex)
+			bwh = new_bindex;
+		if (dinfo->di_bdiropq == bindex)
+			bdiropq = new_bindex;
+		if (new_bindex < 0) {
+			au_hdput(p);
+			p->hd_dentry = NULL;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* swap two lower dentries, and loop again */
+		q = dinfo->di_hdentry + new_bindex;
+		tmp = *q;
+		*q = *p;
+		*p = tmp;
+		if (tmp.hd_dentry) {
+			bindex--;
+			p--;
+		}
+	}
+
+	dinfo->di_bwh = -1;
+	if (bwh >= 0 && bwh <= au_sbend(sb) && au_sbr_whable(sb, bwh))
+		dinfo->di_bwh = bwh;
+
+	dinfo->di_bdiropq = -1;
+	if (bdiropq >= 0
+	    && bdiropq <= au_sbend(sb)
+	    && au_sbr_whable(sb, bdiropq))
+		dinfo->di_bdiropq = bdiropq;
+
+	err = -EIO;
+	dinfo->di_bstart = -1;
+	dinfo->di_bend = -1;
+	bend = au_dbend(parent);
+	p = dinfo->di_hdentry;
+	for (bindex = 0; bindex <= bend; bindex++, p++)
+		if (p->hd_dentry) {
+			dinfo->di_bstart = bindex;
+			break;
+		}
+
+	if (dinfo->di_bstart >= 0) {
+		p = dinfo->di_hdentry + bend;
+		for (bindex = bend; bindex >= 0; bindex--, p--)
+			if (p->hd_dentry) {
+				dinfo->di_bend = bindex;
+				err = 0;
+				break;
+			}
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static void au_do_hide(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	struct inode *inode;
+
+	inode = dentry->d_inode;
+	if (inode) {
+		if (!S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode)) {
+			if (inode->i_nlink && !d_unhashed(dentry))
+				drop_nlink(inode);
+		} else {
+			clear_nlink(inode);
+			/* stop next lookup */
+			inode->i_flags |= S_DEAD;
+		}
+		smp_mb(); /* necessary? */
+	}
+	d_drop(dentry);
+}
+
+static int au_hide_children(struct dentry *parent)
+{
+	int err, i, j, ndentry;
+	struct au_dcsub_pages dpages;
+	struct au_dpage *dpage;
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+
+	err = au_dpages_init(&dpages, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+	err = au_dcsub_pages(&dpages, parent, NULL, NULL);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_dpages;
+
+	/* in reverse order */
+	for (i = dpages.ndpage - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+		dpage = dpages.dpages + i;
+		ndentry = dpage->ndentry;
+		for (j = ndentry - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
+			dentry = dpage->dentries[j];
+			if (dentry != parent)
+				au_do_hide(dentry);
+		}
+	}
+
+out_dpages:
+	au_dpages_free(&dpages);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static void au_hide(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct inode *inode;
+
+	AuDbgDentry(dentry);
+	inode = dentry->d_inode;
+	if (inode && S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode)) {
+		/* shrink_dcache_parent(dentry); */
+		err = au_hide_children(dentry);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			AuIOErr("%.*s, failed hiding children, ignored %d\n",
+				AuDLNPair(dentry), err);
+	}
+	au_do_hide(dentry);
+}
+
+/*
+ * By adding a dirty branch, a cached dentry may be affected in various ways.
+ *
+ * a dirty branch is added
+ * - on the top of layers
+ * - in the middle of layers
+ * - to the bottom of layers
+ *
+ * on the added branch there exists
+ * - a whiteout
+ * - a diropq
+ * - a same named entry
+ *   + exist
+ *     * negative --> positive
+ *     * positive --> positive
+ *	 - type is unchanged
+ *	 - type is changed
+ *   + doesn't exist
+ *     * negative --> negative
+ *     * positive --> negative (rejected by au_br_del() for non-dir case)
+ * - none
+ */
+static int au_refresh_by_dinfo(struct dentry *dentry, struct au_dinfo *dinfo,
+			       struct au_dinfo *tmp)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, bend;
+	struct {
+		struct dentry *dentry;
+		struct inode *inode;
+		mode_t mode;
+	} orig_h, tmp_h;
+	struct au_hdentry *hd;
+	struct inode *inode, *h_inode;
+	struct dentry *h_dentry;
+
+	err = 0;
+	AuDebugOn(dinfo->di_bstart < 0);
+	orig_h.dentry = dinfo->di_hdentry[dinfo->di_bstart].hd_dentry;
+	orig_h.inode = orig_h.dentry->d_inode;
+	orig_h.mode = 0;
+	if (orig_h.inode)
+		orig_h.mode = orig_h.inode->i_mode & S_IFMT;
+	memset(&tmp_h, 0, sizeof(tmp_h));
+	if (tmp->di_bstart >= 0) {
+		tmp_h.dentry = tmp->di_hdentry[tmp->di_bstart].hd_dentry;
+		tmp_h.inode = tmp_h.dentry->d_inode;
+		if (tmp_h.inode)
+			tmp_h.mode = tmp_h.inode->i_mode & S_IFMT;
+	}
+
+	inode = dentry->d_inode;
+	if (!orig_h.inode) {
+		AuDbg("nagative originally\n");
+		if (inode) {
+			au_hide(dentry);
+			goto out;
+		}
+		AuDebugOn(inode);
+		AuDebugOn(dinfo->di_bstart != dinfo->di_bend);
+		AuDebugOn(dinfo->di_bdiropq != -1);
+
+		if (!tmp_h.inode) {
+			AuDbg("negative --> negative\n");
+			/* should have only one negative lower */
+			if (tmp->di_bstart >= 0
+			    && tmp->di_bstart < dinfo->di_bstart) {
+				AuDebugOn(tmp->di_bstart != tmp->di_bend);
+				AuDebugOn(dinfo->di_bstart != dinfo->di_bend);
+				au_set_h_dptr(dentry, dinfo->di_bstart, NULL);
+				au_di_cp(dinfo, tmp);
+				hd = tmp->di_hdentry + tmp->di_bstart;
+				au_set_h_dptr(dentry, tmp->di_bstart,
+					      dget(hd->hd_dentry));
+			}
+			au_dbg_verify_dinode(dentry);
+		} else {
+			AuDbg("negative --> positive\n");
+			/*
+			 * similar to the behaviour of creating with bypassing
+			 * aufs.
+			 * unhash it in order to force an error in the
+			 * succeeding create operation.
+			 * we should not set S_DEAD here.
+			 */
+			d_drop(dentry);
+			/* au_di_swap(tmp, dinfo); */
+			au_dbg_verify_dinode(dentry);
+		}
+	} else {
+		AuDbg("positive originally\n");
+		/* inode may be NULL */
+		AuDebugOn(inode && (inode->i_mode & S_IFMT) != orig_h.mode);
+		if (!tmp_h.inode) {
+			AuDbg("positive --> negative\n");
+			/* or bypassing aufs */
+			au_hide(dentry);
+			if (tmp->di_bwh >= 0 && tmp->di_bwh <= dinfo->di_bstart)
+				dinfo->di_bwh = tmp->di_bwh;
+			if (inode)
+				err = au_refresh_hinode_self(inode);
+			au_dbg_verify_dinode(dentry);
+		} else if (orig_h.mode == tmp_h.mode) {
+			AuDbg("positive --> positive, same type\n");
+			if (!S_ISDIR(orig_h.mode)
+			    && dinfo->di_bstart > tmp->di_bstart) {
+				/*
+				 * similar to the behaviour of removing and
+				 * creating.
+				 */
+				au_hide(dentry);
+				if (inode)
+					err = au_refresh_hinode_self(inode);
+				au_dbg_verify_dinode(dentry);
+			} else {
+				/* fill empty slots */
+				if (dinfo->di_bstart > tmp->di_bstart)
+					dinfo->di_bstart = tmp->di_bstart;
+				if (dinfo->di_bend < tmp->di_bend)
+					dinfo->di_bend = tmp->di_bend;
+				dinfo->di_bwh = tmp->di_bwh;
+				dinfo->di_bdiropq = tmp->di_bdiropq;
+				hd = tmp->di_hdentry;
+				bend = dinfo->di_bend;
+				for (bindex = tmp->di_bstart; bindex <= bend;
+				     bindex++) {
+					if (au_h_dptr(dentry, bindex))
+						continue;
+					h_dentry = hd[bindex].hd_dentry;
+					if (!h_dentry)
+						continue;
+					h_inode = h_dentry->d_inode;
+					AuDebugOn(!h_inode);
+					AuDebugOn(orig_h.mode
+						  != (h_inode->i_mode
+						      & S_IFMT));
+					au_set_h_dptr(dentry, bindex,
+						      dget(h_dentry));
+				}
+				err = au_refresh_hinode(inode, dentry);
+				au_dbg_verify_dinode(dentry);
+			}
+		} else {
+			AuDbg("positive --> positive, different type\n");
+			/* similar to the behaviour of removing and creating */
+			au_hide(dentry);
+			if (inode)
+				err = au_refresh_hinode_self(inode);
+			au_dbg_verify_dinode(dentry);
+		}
+	}
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+int au_refresh_dentry(struct dentry *dentry, struct dentry *parent)
+{
+	int err, ebrange;
+	unsigned int sigen;
+	struct au_dinfo *dinfo, *tmp;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct inode *inode;
+
+	DiMustWriteLock(dentry);
+	AuDebugOn(IS_ROOT(dentry));
+	AuDebugOn(!parent->d_inode);
+
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	inode = dentry->d_inode;
+	sigen = au_sigen(sb);
+	err = au_digen_test(parent, sigen);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	dinfo = au_di(dentry);
+	err = au_di_realloc(dinfo, au_sbend(sb) + 1);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+	ebrange = au_dbrange_test(dentry);
+	if (!ebrange)
+		ebrange = au_do_refresh_hdentry(dentry, parent);
+
+	if (d_unhashed(dentry) || ebrange) {
+		AuDebugOn(au_dbstart(dentry) < 0 && au_dbend(dentry) >= 0);
+		if (inode)
+			err = au_refresh_hinode_self(inode);
+		au_dbg_verify_dinode(dentry);
+		if (!err)
+			goto out_dgen; /* success */
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* temporary dinfo */
+	AuDbgDentry(dentry);
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	tmp = au_di_alloc(sb, AuLsc_DI_TMP);
+	if (unlikely(!tmp))
+		goto out;
+	au_di_swap(tmp, dinfo);
+	/* returns the number of positive dentries */
+	/*
+	 * if current working dir is removed, it returns an error.
+	 * but the dentry is legal.
+	 */
+	err = au_lkup_dentry(dentry, /*bstart*/0, /*type*/0, /*nd*/NULL);
+	AuDbgDentry(dentry);
+	au_di_swap(tmp, dinfo);
+	if (err == -ENOENT)
+		err = 0;
+	if (err >= 0) {
+		/* compare/refresh by dinfo */
+		AuDbgDentry(dentry);
+		err = au_refresh_by_dinfo(dentry, dinfo, tmp);
+		au_dbg_verify_dinode(dentry);
+		AuTraceErr(err);
+	}
+	au_rw_write_unlock(&tmp->di_rwsem);
+	au_di_free(tmp);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+out_dgen:
+	au_update_digen(dentry);
+out:
+	if (unlikely(err && !(dentry->d_flags & DCACHE_NFSFS_RENAMED))) {
+		AuIOErr("failed refreshing %.*s, %d\n",
+			AuDLNPair(dentry), err);
+		AuDbgDentry(dentry);
+	}
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static noinline_for_stack
+int au_do_h_d_reval(struct dentry *h_dentry, struct nameidata *nd,
+		    struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	int err, valid;
+	int (*reval)(struct dentry *, struct nameidata *);
+
+	err = 0;
+	if (!(h_dentry->d_flags & DCACHE_OP_REVALIDATE))
+		goto out;
+	reval = h_dentry->d_op->d_revalidate;
+
+	AuDbg("b%d\n", bindex);
+	if (au_test_fs_null_nd(h_dentry->d_sb))
+		/* it may return tri-state */
+		valid = reval(h_dentry, NULL);
+	else {
+		struct nameidata h_nd;
+		int locked;
+		struct dentry *parent;
+
+		au_h_nd(&h_nd, nd);
+		parent = nd->path.dentry;
+		locked = (nd && nd->path.dentry != dentry);
+		if (locked)
+			di_read_lock_parent(parent, AuLock_IR);
+		BUG_ON(bindex > au_dbend(parent));
+		h_nd.path.dentry = au_h_dptr(parent, bindex);
+		BUG_ON(!h_nd.path.dentry);
+		h_nd.path.mnt = au_sbr(parent->d_sb, bindex)->br_mnt;
+		path_get(&h_nd.path);
+		valid = reval(h_dentry, &h_nd);
+		path_put(&h_nd.path);
+		if (locked)
+			di_read_unlock(parent, AuLock_IR);
+	}
+
+	if (unlikely(valid < 0))
+		err = valid;
+	else if (!valid)
+		err = -EINVAL;
+
+out:
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* todo: remove this */
+static int h_d_revalidate(struct dentry *dentry, struct inode *inode,
+			  struct nameidata *nd, int do_udba)
+{
+	int err;
+	umode_t mode, h_mode;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, btail, bstart, ibs, ibe;
+	unsigned char plus, unhashed, is_root, h_plus;
+	struct inode *h_inode, *h_cached_inode;
+	struct dentry *h_dentry;
+	struct qstr *name, *h_name;
+
+	err = 0;
+	plus = 0;
+	mode = 0;
+	ibs = -1;
+	ibe = -1;
+	unhashed = !!d_unhashed(dentry);
+	is_root = !!IS_ROOT(dentry);
+	name = &dentry->d_name;
+
+	/*
+	 * Theoretically, REVAL test should be unnecessary in case of
+	 * {FS,I}NOTIFY.
+	 * But {fs,i}notify doesn't fire some necessary events,
+	 *	IN_ATTRIB for atime/nlink/pageio
+	 *	IN_DELETE for NFS dentry
+	 * Let's do REVAL test too.
+	 */
+	if (do_udba && inode) {
+		mode = (inode->i_mode & S_IFMT);
+		plus = (inode->i_nlink > 0);
+		ibs = au_ibstart(inode);
+		ibe = au_ibend(inode);
+	}
+
+	bstart = au_dbstart(dentry);
+	btail = bstart;
+	if (inode && S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
+		btail = au_dbtaildir(dentry);
+	for (bindex = bstart; bindex <= btail; bindex++) {
+		h_dentry = au_h_dptr(dentry, bindex);
+		if (!h_dentry)
+			continue;
+
+		AuDbg("b%d, %.*s\n", bindex, AuDLNPair(h_dentry));
+		spin_lock(&h_dentry->d_lock);
+		h_name = &h_dentry->d_name;
+		if (unlikely(do_udba
+			     && !is_root
+			     && (unhashed != !!d_unhashed(h_dentry)
+				 || name->len != h_name->len
+				 || memcmp(name->name, h_name->name, name->len))
+			    )) {
+			AuDbg("unhash 0x%x 0x%x, %.*s %.*s\n",
+				  unhashed, d_unhashed(h_dentry),
+				  AuDLNPair(dentry), AuDLNPair(h_dentry));
+			spin_unlock(&h_dentry->d_lock);
+			goto err;
+		}
+		spin_unlock(&h_dentry->d_lock);
+
+		err = au_do_h_d_reval(h_dentry, nd, dentry, bindex);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			/* do not goto err, to keep the errno */
+			break;
+
+		/* todo: plink too? */
+		if (!do_udba)
+			continue;
+
+		/* UDBA tests */
+		h_inode = h_dentry->d_inode;
+		if (unlikely(!!inode != !!h_inode))
+			goto err;
+
+		h_plus = plus;
+		h_mode = mode;
+		h_cached_inode = h_inode;
+		if (h_inode) {
+			h_mode = (h_inode->i_mode & S_IFMT);
+			h_plus = (h_inode->i_nlink > 0);
+		}
+		if (inode && ibs <= bindex && bindex <= ibe)
+			h_cached_inode = au_h_iptr(inode, bindex);
+
+		if (unlikely(plus != h_plus
+			     || mode != h_mode
+			     || h_cached_inode != h_inode))
+			goto err;
+		continue;
+
+	err:
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* todo: consolidate with do_refresh() and au_reval_for_attr() */
+static int simple_reval_dpath(struct dentry *dentry, unsigned int sigen)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct dentry *parent;
+
+	if (!au_digen_test(dentry, sigen))
+		return 0;
+
+	parent = dget_parent(dentry);
+	di_read_lock_parent(parent, AuLock_IR);
+	AuDebugOn(au_digen_test(parent, sigen));
+	au_dbg_verify_gen(parent, sigen);
+	err = au_refresh_dentry(dentry, parent);
+	di_read_unlock(parent, AuLock_IR);
+	dput(parent);
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+int au_reval_dpath(struct dentry *dentry, unsigned int sigen)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct dentry *d, *parent;
+	struct inode *inode;
+
+	if (!au_ftest_si(au_sbi(dentry->d_sb), FAILED_REFRESH_DIR))
+		return simple_reval_dpath(dentry, sigen);
+
+	/* slow loop, keep it simple and stupid */
+	/* cf: au_cpup_dirs() */
+	err = 0;
+	parent = NULL;
+	while (au_digen_test(dentry, sigen)) {
+		d = dentry;
+		while (1) {
+			dput(parent);
+			parent = dget_parent(d);
+			if (!au_digen_test(parent, sigen))
+				break;
+			d = parent;
+		}
+
+		inode = d->d_inode;
+		if (d != dentry)
+			di_write_lock_child2(d);
+
+		/* someone might update our dentry while we were sleeping */
+		if (au_digen_test(d, sigen)) {
+			/*
+			 * todo: consolidate with simple_reval_dpath(),
+			 * do_refresh() and au_reval_for_attr().
+			 */
+			di_read_lock_parent(parent, AuLock_IR);
+			err = au_refresh_dentry(d, parent);
+			di_read_unlock(parent, AuLock_IR);
+		}
+
+		if (d != dentry)
+			di_write_unlock(d);
+		dput(parent);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			break;
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * if valid returns 1, otherwise 0.
+ */
+static int aufs_d_revalidate(struct dentry *dentry, struct nameidata *nd)
+{
+	int valid, err;
+	unsigned int sigen;
+	unsigned char do_udba;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct inode *inode;
+
+	/* todo: support rcu-walk? */
+	if (nd && (nd->flags & LOOKUP_RCU))
+		return -ECHILD;
+
+	valid = 0;
+	if (unlikely(!au_di(dentry)))
+		goto out;
+
+	inode = dentry->d_inode;
+	if (inode && is_bad_inode(inode))
+		goto out;
+
+	valid = 1;
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	/*
+	 * todo: very ugly
+	 * i_mutex of parent dir may be held,
+	 * but we should not return 'invalid' due to busy.
+	 */
+	err = aufs_read_lock(dentry, AuLock_FLUSH | AuLock_DW | AuLock_NOPLM);
+	if (unlikely(err)) {
+		valid = err;
+		AuTraceErr(err);
+		goto out;
+	}
+	if (unlikely(au_dbrange_test(dentry))) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		AuTraceErr(err);
+		goto out_dgrade;
+	}
+
+	sigen = au_sigen(sb);
+	if (au_digen_test(dentry, sigen)) {
+		AuDebugOn(IS_ROOT(dentry));
+		err = au_reval_dpath(dentry, sigen);
+		if (unlikely(err)) {
+			AuTraceErr(err);
+			goto out_dgrade;
+		}
+	}
+	di_downgrade_lock(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+
+	err = -EINVAL;
+	if (inode && (IS_DEADDIR(inode) || !inode->i_nlink))
+		goto out_inval;
+
+	do_udba = !au_opt_test(au_mntflags(sb), UDBA_NONE);
+	if (do_udba && inode) {
+		aufs_bindex_t bstart = au_ibstart(inode);
+		struct inode *h_inode;
+
+		if (bstart >= 0) {
+			h_inode = au_h_iptr(inode, bstart);
+			if (h_inode && au_test_higen(inode, h_inode))
+				goto out_inval;
+		}
+	}
+
+	err = h_d_revalidate(dentry, inode, nd, do_udba);
+	if (unlikely(!err && do_udba && au_dbstart(dentry) < 0)) {
+		err = -EIO;
+		AuDbg("both of real entry and whiteout found, %.*s, err %d\n",
+		      AuDLNPair(dentry), err);
+	}
+	goto out_inval;
+
+out_dgrade:
+	di_downgrade_lock(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+out_inval:
+	aufs_read_unlock(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	valid = !err;
+out:
+	if (!valid) {
+		AuDbg("%.*s invalid, %d\n", AuDLNPair(dentry), valid);
+		d_drop(dentry);
+	}
+	return valid;
+}
+
+static void aufs_d_release(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	if (au_di(dentry)) {
+		au_di_fin(dentry);
+		au_hn_di_reinit(dentry);
+	}
+}
+
+const struct dentry_operations aufs_dop = {
+	.d_revalidate	= aufs_d_revalidate,
+	.d_release	= aufs_d_release
+};
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/dentry.h b/ubuntu/aufs/dentry.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bbd9dc643efd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/dentry.h
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * lookup and dentry operations
+ */
+
+#ifndef __AUFS_DENTRY_H__
+#define __AUFS_DENTRY_H__
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+
+#include <linux/dcache.h>
+#include "rwsem.h"
+
+struct au_hdentry {
+	struct dentry		*hd_dentry;
+	aufs_bindex_t		hd_id;
+};
+
+struct au_dinfo {
+	atomic_t		di_generation;
+
+	struct au_rwsem		di_rwsem;
+	aufs_bindex_t		di_bstart, di_bend, di_bwh, di_bdiropq;
+	struct au_hdentry	*di_hdentry;
+} ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* dentry.c */
+extern const struct dentry_operations aufs_dop;
+struct au_branch;
+struct dentry *au_lkup_one(struct qstr *name, struct dentry *h_parent,
+			   struct au_branch *br, struct nameidata *nd);
+struct dentry *au_sio_lkup_one(struct qstr *name, struct dentry *parent,
+			       struct au_branch *br);
+int au_h_verify(struct dentry *h_dentry, unsigned int udba, struct inode *h_dir,
+		struct dentry *h_parent, struct au_branch *br);
+
+int au_lkup_dentry(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bstart, mode_t type,
+		   struct nameidata *nd);
+int au_lkup_neg(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bindex);
+int au_refresh_dentry(struct dentry *dentry, struct dentry *parent);
+int au_reval_dpath(struct dentry *dentry, unsigned int sigen);
+
+/* dinfo.c */
+void au_di_init_once(void *_di);
+struct au_dinfo *au_di_alloc(struct super_block *sb, unsigned int lsc);
+void au_di_free(struct au_dinfo *dinfo);
+void au_di_swap(struct au_dinfo *a, struct au_dinfo *b);
+void au_di_cp(struct au_dinfo *dst, struct au_dinfo *src);
+int au_di_init(struct dentry *dentry);
+void au_di_fin(struct dentry *dentry);
+int au_di_realloc(struct au_dinfo *dinfo, int nbr);
+
+void di_read_lock(struct dentry *d, int flags, unsigned int lsc);
+void di_read_unlock(struct dentry *d, int flags);
+void di_downgrade_lock(struct dentry *d, int flags);
+void di_write_lock(struct dentry *d, unsigned int lsc);
+void di_write_unlock(struct dentry *d);
+void di_write_lock2_child(struct dentry *d1, struct dentry *d2, int isdir);
+void di_write_lock2_parent(struct dentry *d1, struct dentry *d2, int isdir);
+void di_write_unlock2(struct dentry *d1, struct dentry *d2);
+
+struct dentry *au_h_dptr(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bindex);
+struct dentry *au_h_d_alias(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bindex);
+aufs_bindex_t au_dbtail(struct dentry *dentry);
+aufs_bindex_t au_dbtaildir(struct dentry *dentry);
+
+void au_set_h_dptr(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+		   struct dentry *h_dentry);
+int au_digen_test(struct dentry *dentry, unsigned int sigen);
+int au_dbrange_test(struct dentry *dentry);
+void au_update_digen(struct dentry *dentry);
+void au_update_dbrange(struct dentry *dentry, int do_put_zero);
+void au_update_dbstart(struct dentry *dentry);
+void au_update_dbend(struct dentry *dentry);
+int au_find_dbindex(struct dentry *dentry, struct dentry *h_dentry);
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static inline struct au_dinfo *au_di(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	return dentry->d_fsdata;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* lock subclass for dinfo */
+enum {
+	AuLsc_DI_CHILD,		/* child first */
+	AuLsc_DI_CHILD2,	/* rename(2), link(2), and cpup at hnotify */
+	AuLsc_DI_CHILD3,	/* copyup dirs */
+	AuLsc_DI_PARENT,
+	AuLsc_DI_PARENT2,
+	AuLsc_DI_PARENT3,
+	AuLsc_DI_TMP		/* temp for replacing dinfo */
+};
+
+/*
+ * di_read_lock_child, di_write_lock_child,
+ * di_read_lock_child2, di_write_lock_child2,
+ * di_read_lock_child3, di_write_lock_child3,
+ * di_read_lock_parent, di_write_lock_parent,
+ * di_read_lock_parent2, di_write_lock_parent2,
+ * di_read_lock_parent3, di_write_lock_parent3,
+ */
+#define AuReadLockFunc(name, lsc) \
+static inline void di_read_lock_##name(struct dentry *d, int flags) \
+{ di_read_lock(d, flags, AuLsc_DI_##lsc); }
+
+#define AuWriteLockFunc(name, lsc) \
+static inline void di_write_lock_##name(struct dentry *d) \
+{ di_write_lock(d, AuLsc_DI_##lsc); }
+
+#define AuRWLockFuncs(name, lsc) \
+	AuReadLockFunc(name, lsc) \
+	AuWriteLockFunc(name, lsc)
+
+AuRWLockFuncs(child, CHILD);
+AuRWLockFuncs(child2, CHILD2);
+AuRWLockFuncs(child3, CHILD3);
+AuRWLockFuncs(parent, PARENT);
+AuRWLockFuncs(parent2, PARENT2);
+AuRWLockFuncs(parent3, PARENT3);
+
+#undef AuReadLockFunc
+#undef AuWriteLockFunc
+#undef AuRWLockFuncs
+
+#define DiMustNoWaiters(d)	AuRwMustNoWaiters(&au_di(d)->di_rwsem)
+#define DiMustAnyLock(d)	AuRwMustAnyLock(&au_di(d)->di_rwsem)
+#define DiMustWriteLock(d)	AuRwMustWriteLock(&au_di(d)->di_rwsem)
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* todo: memory barrier? */
+static inline unsigned int au_digen(struct dentry *d)
+{
+	return atomic_read(&au_di(d)->di_generation);
+}
+
+static inline void au_h_dentry_init(struct au_hdentry *hdentry)
+{
+	hdentry->hd_dentry = NULL;
+}
+
+static inline void au_hdput(struct au_hdentry *hd)
+{
+	if (hd)
+		dput(hd->hd_dentry);
+}
+
+static inline aufs_bindex_t au_dbstart(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	DiMustAnyLock(dentry);
+	return au_di(dentry)->di_bstart;
+}
+
+static inline aufs_bindex_t au_dbend(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	DiMustAnyLock(dentry);
+	return au_di(dentry)->di_bend;
+}
+
+static inline aufs_bindex_t au_dbwh(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	DiMustAnyLock(dentry);
+	return au_di(dentry)->di_bwh;
+}
+
+static inline aufs_bindex_t au_dbdiropq(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	DiMustAnyLock(dentry);
+	return au_di(dentry)->di_bdiropq;
+}
+
+/* todo: hard/soft set? */
+static inline void au_set_dbstart(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	DiMustWriteLock(dentry);
+	au_di(dentry)->di_bstart = bindex;
+}
+
+static inline void au_set_dbend(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	DiMustWriteLock(dentry);
+	au_di(dentry)->di_bend = bindex;
+}
+
+static inline void au_set_dbwh(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	DiMustWriteLock(dentry);
+	/* dbwh can be outside of bstart - bend range */
+	au_di(dentry)->di_bwh = bindex;
+}
+
+static inline void au_set_dbdiropq(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	DiMustWriteLock(dentry);
+	au_di(dentry)->di_bdiropq = bindex;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_HNOTIFY
+static inline void au_digen_dec(struct dentry *d)
+{
+	atomic_dec(&au_di(d)->di_generation);
+}
+
+static inline void au_hn_di_reinit(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	dentry->d_fsdata = NULL;
+}
+#else
+AuStubVoid(au_hn_di_reinit, struct dentry *dentry __maybe_unused)
+#endif /* CONFIG_AUFS_HNOTIFY */
+
+#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
+#endif /* __AUFS_DENTRY_H__ */
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/dinfo.c b/ubuntu/aufs/dinfo.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..24f22a91d21e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/dinfo.c
@@ -0,0 +1,543 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * dentry private data
+ */
+
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+void au_di_init_once(void *_dinfo)
+{
+	struct au_dinfo *dinfo = _dinfo;
+	static struct lock_class_key aufs_di;
+
+	au_rw_init(&dinfo->di_rwsem);
+	au_rw_class(&dinfo->di_rwsem, &aufs_di);
+}
+
+struct au_dinfo *au_di_alloc(struct super_block *sb, unsigned int lsc)
+{
+	struct au_dinfo *dinfo;
+	int nbr, i;
+
+	dinfo = au_cache_alloc_dinfo();
+	if (unlikely(!dinfo))
+		goto out;
+
+	nbr = au_sbend(sb) + 1;
+	if (nbr <= 0)
+		nbr = 1;
+	dinfo->di_hdentry = kcalloc(nbr, sizeof(*dinfo->di_hdentry), GFP_NOFS);
+	if (dinfo->di_hdentry) {
+		au_rw_write_lock_nested(&dinfo->di_rwsem, lsc);
+		dinfo->di_bstart = -1;
+		dinfo->di_bend = -1;
+		dinfo->di_bwh = -1;
+		dinfo->di_bdiropq = -1;
+		for (i = 0; i < nbr; i++)
+			dinfo->di_hdentry[i].hd_id = -1;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	au_cache_free_dinfo(dinfo);
+	dinfo = NULL;
+
+out:
+	return dinfo;
+}
+
+void au_di_free(struct au_dinfo *dinfo)
+{
+	struct au_hdentry *p;
+	aufs_bindex_t bend, bindex;
+
+	/* dentry may not be revalidated */
+	bindex = dinfo->di_bstart;
+	if (bindex >= 0) {
+		bend = dinfo->di_bend;
+		p = dinfo->di_hdentry + bindex;
+		while (bindex++ <= bend)
+			au_hdput(p++);
+	}
+	kfree(dinfo->di_hdentry);
+	au_cache_free_dinfo(dinfo);
+}
+
+void au_di_swap(struct au_dinfo *a, struct au_dinfo *b)
+{
+	struct au_hdentry *p;
+	aufs_bindex_t bi;
+
+	AuRwMustWriteLock(&a->di_rwsem);
+	AuRwMustWriteLock(&b->di_rwsem);
+
+#define DiSwap(v, name)				\
+	do {					\
+		v = a->di_##name;		\
+		a->di_##name = b->di_##name;	\
+		b->di_##name = v;		\
+	} while (0)
+
+	DiSwap(p, hdentry);
+	DiSwap(bi, bstart);
+	DiSwap(bi, bend);
+	DiSwap(bi, bwh);
+	DiSwap(bi, bdiropq);
+	/* smp_mb(); */
+
+#undef DiSwap
+}
+
+void au_di_cp(struct au_dinfo *dst, struct au_dinfo *src)
+{
+	AuRwMustWriteLock(&dst->di_rwsem);
+	AuRwMustWriteLock(&src->di_rwsem);
+
+	dst->di_bstart = src->di_bstart;
+	dst->di_bend = src->di_bend;
+	dst->di_bwh = src->di_bwh;
+	dst->di_bdiropq = src->di_bdiropq;
+	/* smp_mb(); */
+}
+
+int au_di_init(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct au_dinfo *dinfo;
+
+	err = 0;
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	dinfo = au_di_alloc(sb, AuLsc_DI_CHILD);
+	if (dinfo) {
+		atomic_set(&dinfo->di_generation, au_sigen(sb));
+		/* smp_mb(); */ /* atomic_set */
+		dentry->d_fsdata = dinfo;
+	} else
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+void au_di_fin(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	struct au_dinfo *dinfo;
+
+	dinfo = au_di(dentry);
+	AuRwDestroy(&dinfo->di_rwsem);
+	au_di_free(dinfo);
+}
+
+int au_di_realloc(struct au_dinfo *dinfo, int nbr)
+{
+	int err, sz;
+	struct au_hdentry *hdp;
+
+	AuRwMustWriteLock(&dinfo->di_rwsem);
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	sz = sizeof(*hdp) * (dinfo->di_bend + 1);
+	if (!sz)
+		sz = sizeof(*hdp);
+	hdp = au_kzrealloc(dinfo->di_hdentry, sz, sizeof(*hdp) * nbr, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (hdp) {
+		dinfo->di_hdentry = hdp;
+		err = 0;
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void do_ii_write_lock(struct inode *inode, unsigned int lsc)
+{
+	switch (lsc) {
+	case AuLsc_DI_CHILD:
+		ii_write_lock_child(inode);
+		break;
+	case AuLsc_DI_CHILD2:
+		ii_write_lock_child2(inode);
+		break;
+	case AuLsc_DI_CHILD3:
+		ii_write_lock_child3(inode);
+		break;
+	case AuLsc_DI_PARENT:
+		ii_write_lock_parent(inode);
+		break;
+	case AuLsc_DI_PARENT2:
+		ii_write_lock_parent2(inode);
+		break;
+	case AuLsc_DI_PARENT3:
+		ii_write_lock_parent3(inode);
+		break;
+	default:
+		BUG();
+	}
+}
+
+static void do_ii_read_lock(struct inode *inode, unsigned int lsc)
+{
+	switch (lsc) {
+	case AuLsc_DI_CHILD:
+		ii_read_lock_child(inode);
+		break;
+	case AuLsc_DI_CHILD2:
+		ii_read_lock_child2(inode);
+		break;
+	case AuLsc_DI_CHILD3:
+		ii_read_lock_child3(inode);
+		break;
+	case AuLsc_DI_PARENT:
+		ii_read_lock_parent(inode);
+		break;
+	case AuLsc_DI_PARENT2:
+		ii_read_lock_parent2(inode);
+		break;
+	case AuLsc_DI_PARENT3:
+		ii_read_lock_parent3(inode);
+		break;
+	default:
+		BUG();
+	}
+}
+
+void di_read_lock(struct dentry *d, int flags, unsigned int lsc)
+{
+	au_rw_read_lock_nested(&au_di(d)->di_rwsem, lsc);
+	if (d->d_inode) {
+		if (au_ftest_lock(flags, IW))
+			do_ii_write_lock(d->d_inode, lsc);
+		else if (au_ftest_lock(flags, IR))
+			do_ii_read_lock(d->d_inode, lsc);
+	}
+}
+
+void di_read_unlock(struct dentry *d, int flags)
+{
+	if (d->d_inode) {
+		if (au_ftest_lock(flags, IW)) {
+			au_dbg_verify_dinode(d);
+			ii_write_unlock(d->d_inode);
+		} else if (au_ftest_lock(flags, IR)) {
+			au_dbg_verify_dinode(d);
+			ii_read_unlock(d->d_inode);
+		}
+	}
+	au_rw_read_unlock(&au_di(d)->di_rwsem);
+}
+
+void di_downgrade_lock(struct dentry *d, int flags)
+{
+	if (d->d_inode && au_ftest_lock(flags, IR))
+		ii_downgrade_lock(d->d_inode);
+	au_rw_dgrade_lock(&au_di(d)->di_rwsem);
+}
+
+void di_write_lock(struct dentry *d, unsigned int lsc)
+{
+	au_rw_write_lock_nested(&au_di(d)->di_rwsem, lsc);
+	if (d->d_inode)
+		do_ii_write_lock(d->d_inode, lsc);
+}
+
+void di_write_unlock(struct dentry *d)
+{
+	au_dbg_verify_dinode(d);
+	if (d->d_inode)
+		ii_write_unlock(d->d_inode);
+	au_rw_write_unlock(&au_di(d)->di_rwsem);
+}
+
+void di_write_lock2_child(struct dentry *d1, struct dentry *d2, int isdir)
+{
+	AuDebugOn(d1 == d2
+		  || d1->d_inode == d2->d_inode
+		  || d1->d_sb != d2->d_sb);
+
+	if (isdir && au_test_subdir(d1, d2)) {
+		di_write_lock_child(d1);
+		di_write_lock_child2(d2);
+	} else {
+		/* there should be no races */
+		di_write_lock_child(d2);
+		di_write_lock_child2(d1);
+	}
+}
+
+void di_write_lock2_parent(struct dentry *d1, struct dentry *d2, int isdir)
+{
+	AuDebugOn(d1 == d2
+		  || d1->d_inode == d2->d_inode
+		  || d1->d_sb != d2->d_sb);
+
+	if (isdir && au_test_subdir(d1, d2)) {
+		di_write_lock_parent(d1);
+		di_write_lock_parent2(d2);
+	} else {
+		/* there should be no races */
+		di_write_lock_parent(d2);
+		di_write_lock_parent2(d1);
+	}
+}
+
+void di_write_unlock2(struct dentry *d1, struct dentry *d2)
+{
+	di_write_unlock(d1);
+	if (d1->d_inode == d2->d_inode)
+		au_rw_write_unlock(&au_di(d2)->di_rwsem);
+	else
+		di_write_unlock(d2);
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+struct dentry *au_h_dptr(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	struct dentry *d;
+
+	DiMustAnyLock(dentry);
+
+	if (au_dbstart(dentry) < 0 || bindex < au_dbstart(dentry))
+		return NULL;
+	AuDebugOn(bindex < 0);
+	d = au_di(dentry)->di_hdentry[0 + bindex].hd_dentry;
+	AuDebugOn(d && d->d_count <= 0);
+	return d;
+}
+
+/*
+ * extended version of au_h_dptr().
+ * returns a hashed and positive h_dentry in bindex, NULL, or error.
+ */
+struct dentry *au_h_d_alias(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	struct dentry *h_dentry;
+	struct inode *inode, *h_inode;
+
+	inode = dentry->d_inode;
+	AuDebugOn(!inode);
+
+	h_dentry = NULL;
+	if (au_dbstart(dentry) <= bindex
+	    && bindex <= au_dbend(dentry))
+		h_dentry = au_h_dptr(dentry, bindex);
+	if (h_dentry && !au_d_hashed_positive(h_dentry)) {
+		dget(h_dentry);
+		goto out; /* success */
+	}
+
+	AuDebugOn(bindex < au_ibstart(inode));
+	AuDebugOn(au_ibend(inode) < bindex);
+	h_inode = au_h_iptr(inode, bindex);
+	h_dentry = d_find_alias(h_inode);
+	if (h_dentry) {
+		if (!IS_ERR(h_dentry)) {
+			if (!au_d_hashed_positive(h_dentry))
+				goto out; /* success */
+			dput(h_dentry);
+		} else
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (au_opt_test(au_mntflags(dentry->d_sb), PLINK)) {
+		h_dentry = au_plink_lkup(inode, bindex);
+		AuDebugOn(!h_dentry);
+		if (!IS_ERR(h_dentry)) {
+			if (!au_d_hashed_positive(h_dentry))
+				goto out; /* success */
+			dput(h_dentry);
+			h_dentry = NULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+out:
+	AuDbgDentry(h_dentry);
+	return h_dentry;
+}
+
+aufs_bindex_t au_dbtail(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	aufs_bindex_t bend, bwh;
+
+	bend = au_dbend(dentry);
+	if (0 <= bend) {
+		bwh = au_dbwh(dentry);
+		if (!bwh)
+			return bwh;
+		if (0 < bwh && bwh < bend)
+			return bwh - 1;
+	}
+	return bend;
+}
+
+aufs_bindex_t au_dbtaildir(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	aufs_bindex_t bend, bopq;
+
+	bend = au_dbtail(dentry);
+	if (0 <= bend) {
+		bopq = au_dbdiropq(dentry);
+		if (0 <= bopq && bopq < bend)
+			bend = bopq;
+	}
+	return bend;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+void au_set_h_dptr(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+		   struct dentry *h_dentry)
+{
+	struct au_hdentry *hd = au_di(dentry)->di_hdentry + bindex;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+
+	DiMustWriteLock(dentry);
+
+	au_hdput(hd);
+	hd->hd_dentry = h_dentry;
+	if (h_dentry) {
+		br = au_sbr(dentry->d_sb, bindex);
+		hd->hd_id = br->br_id;
+	}
+}
+
+int au_dbrange_test(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bstart, bend;
+
+	err = 0;
+	bstart = au_dbstart(dentry);
+	bend = au_dbend(dentry);
+	if (bstart >= 0)
+		AuDebugOn(bend < 0 && bstart > bend);
+	else {
+		err = -EIO;
+		AuDebugOn(bend >= 0);
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+int au_digen_test(struct dentry *dentry, unsigned int sigen)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	err = 0;
+	if (unlikely(au_digen(dentry) != sigen
+		     || au_iigen_test(dentry->d_inode, sigen)))
+		err = -EIO;
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+void au_update_digen(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	atomic_set(&au_di(dentry)->di_generation, au_sigen(dentry->d_sb));
+	/* smp_mb(); */ /* atomic_set */
+}
+
+void au_update_dbrange(struct dentry *dentry, int do_put_zero)
+{
+	struct au_dinfo *dinfo;
+	struct dentry *h_d;
+	struct au_hdentry *hdp;
+
+	DiMustWriteLock(dentry);
+
+	dinfo = au_di(dentry);
+	if (!dinfo || dinfo->di_bstart < 0)
+		return;
+
+	hdp = dinfo->di_hdentry;
+	if (do_put_zero) {
+		aufs_bindex_t bindex, bend;
+
+		bend = dinfo->di_bend;
+		for (bindex = dinfo->di_bstart; bindex <= bend; bindex++) {
+			h_d = hdp[0 + bindex].hd_dentry;
+			if (h_d && !h_d->d_inode)
+				au_set_h_dptr(dentry, bindex, NULL);
+		}
+	}
+
+	dinfo->di_bstart = -1;
+	while (++dinfo->di_bstart <= dinfo->di_bend)
+		if (hdp[0 + dinfo->di_bstart].hd_dentry)
+			break;
+	if (dinfo->di_bstart > dinfo->di_bend) {
+		dinfo->di_bstart = -1;
+		dinfo->di_bend = -1;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	dinfo->di_bend++;
+	while (0 <= --dinfo->di_bend)
+		if (hdp[0 + dinfo->di_bend].hd_dentry)
+			break;
+	AuDebugOn(dinfo->di_bstart > dinfo->di_bend || dinfo->di_bend < 0);
+}
+
+void au_update_dbstart(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, bend;
+	struct dentry *h_dentry;
+
+	bend = au_dbend(dentry);
+	for (bindex = au_dbstart(dentry); bindex <= bend; bindex++) {
+		h_dentry = au_h_dptr(dentry, bindex);
+		if (!h_dentry)
+			continue;
+		if (h_dentry->d_inode) {
+			au_set_dbstart(dentry, bindex);
+			return;
+		}
+		au_set_h_dptr(dentry, bindex, NULL);
+	}
+}
+
+void au_update_dbend(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, bstart;
+	struct dentry *h_dentry;
+
+	bstart = au_dbstart(dentry);
+	for (bindex = au_dbend(dentry); bindex >= bstart; bindex--) {
+		h_dentry = au_h_dptr(dentry, bindex);
+		if (!h_dentry)
+			continue;
+		if (h_dentry->d_inode) {
+			au_set_dbend(dentry, bindex);
+			return;
+		}
+		au_set_h_dptr(dentry, bindex, NULL);
+	}
+}
+
+int au_find_dbindex(struct dentry *dentry, struct dentry *h_dentry)
+{
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, bend;
+
+	bend = au_dbend(dentry);
+	for (bindex = au_dbstart(dentry); bindex <= bend; bindex++)
+		if (au_h_dptr(dentry, bindex) == h_dentry)
+			return bindex;
+	return -1;
+}
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/dir.c b/ubuntu/aufs/dir.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ec5a236b46d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/dir.c
@@ -0,0 +1,634 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * directory operations
+ */
+
+#include <linux/fs_stack.h>
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+void au_add_nlink(struct inode *dir, struct inode *h_dir)
+{
+	unsigned int nlink;
+
+	AuDebugOn(!S_ISDIR(dir->i_mode) || !S_ISDIR(h_dir->i_mode));
+
+	nlink = dir->i_nlink;
+	nlink += h_dir->i_nlink - 2;
+	if (h_dir->i_nlink < 2)
+		nlink += 2;
+	set_nlink(dir, nlink);
+}
+
+void au_sub_nlink(struct inode *dir, struct inode *h_dir)
+{
+	unsigned int nlink;
+
+	AuDebugOn(!S_ISDIR(dir->i_mode) || !S_ISDIR(h_dir->i_mode));
+
+	nlink = dir->i_nlink;
+	nlink -= h_dir->i_nlink - 2;
+	if (h_dir->i_nlink < 2)
+		nlink -= 2;
+	set_nlink(dir, nlink);
+}
+
+loff_t au_dir_size(struct file *file, struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	loff_t sz;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, bend;
+	struct file *h_file;
+	struct dentry *h_dentry;
+
+	sz = 0;
+	if (file) {
+		AuDebugOn(!file->f_dentry);
+		AuDebugOn(!file->f_dentry->d_inode);
+		AuDebugOn(!S_ISDIR(file->f_dentry->d_inode->i_mode));
+
+		bend = au_fbend_dir(file);
+		for (bindex = au_fbstart(file);
+		     bindex <= bend && sz < KMALLOC_MAX_SIZE;
+		     bindex++) {
+			h_file = au_hf_dir(file, bindex);
+			if (h_file
+			    && h_file->f_dentry
+			    && h_file->f_dentry->d_inode)
+				sz += i_size_read(h_file->f_dentry->d_inode);
+		}
+	} else {
+		AuDebugOn(!dentry);
+		AuDebugOn(!dentry->d_inode);
+		AuDebugOn(!S_ISDIR(dentry->d_inode->i_mode));
+
+		bend = au_dbtaildir(dentry);
+		for (bindex = au_dbstart(dentry);
+		     bindex <= bend && sz < KMALLOC_MAX_SIZE;
+		     bindex++) {
+			h_dentry = au_h_dptr(dentry, bindex);
+			if (h_dentry && h_dentry->d_inode)
+				sz += i_size_read(h_dentry->d_inode);
+		}
+	}
+	if (sz < KMALLOC_MAX_SIZE)
+		sz = roundup_pow_of_two(sz);
+	if (sz > KMALLOC_MAX_SIZE)
+		sz = KMALLOC_MAX_SIZE;
+	else if (sz < NAME_MAX) {
+		BUILD_BUG_ON(AUFS_RDBLK_DEF < NAME_MAX);
+		sz = AUFS_RDBLK_DEF;
+	}
+	return sz;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static int reopen_dir(struct file *file)
+{
+	int err;
+	unsigned int flags;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, btail, bstart;
+	struct dentry *dentry, *h_dentry;
+	struct file *h_file;
+
+	/* open all lower dirs */
+	dentry = file->f_dentry;
+	bstart = au_dbstart(dentry);
+	for (bindex = au_fbstart(file); bindex < bstart; bindex++)
+		au_set_h_fptr(file, bindex, NULL);
+	au_set_fbstart(file, bstart);
+
+	btail = au_dbtaildir(dentry);
+	for (bindex = au_fbend_dir(file); btail < bindex; bindex--)
+		au_set_h_fptr(file, bindex, NULL);
+	au_set_fbend_dir(file, btail);
+
+	flags = vfsub_file_flags(file);
+	for (bindex = bstart; bindex <= btail; bindex++) {
+		h_dentry = au_h_dptr(dentry, bindex);
+		if (!h_dentry)
+			continue;
+		h_file = au_hf_dir(file, bindex);
+		if (h_file)
+			continue;
+
+		h_file = au_h_open(dentry, bindex, flags, file);
+		err = PTR_ERR(h_file);
+		if (IS_ERR(h_file))
+			goto out; /* close all? */
+		au_set_h_fptr(file, bindex, h_file);
+	}
+	au_update_figen(file);
+	/* todo: necessary? */
+	/* file->f_ra = h_file->f_ra; */
+	err = 0;
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int do_open_dir(struct file *file, int flags)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, btail;
+	struct dentry *dentry, *h_dentry;
+	struct file *h_file;
+
+	FiMustWriteLock(file);
+
+	dentry = file->f_dentry;
+	err = au_alive_dir(dentry);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	file->f_version = dentry->d_inode->i_version;
+	bindex = au_dbstart(dentry);
+	au_set_fbstart(file, bindex);
+	btail = au_dbtaildir(dentry);
+	au_set_fbend_dir(file, btail);
+	for (; !err && bindex <= btail; bindex++) {
+		h_dentry = au_h_dptr(dentry, bindex);
+		if (!h_dentry)
+			continue;
+
+		h_file = au_h_open(dentry, bindex, flags, file);
+		if (IS_ERR(h_file)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(h_file);
+			break;
+		}
+		au_set_h_fptr(file, bindex, h_file);
+	}
+	au_update_figen(file);
+	/* todo: necessary? */
+	/* file->f_ra = h_file->f_ra; */
+	if (!err)
+		return 0; /* success */
+
+	/* close all */
+	for (bindex = au_fbstart(file); bindex <= btail; bindex++)
+		au_set_h_fptr(file, bindex, NULL);
+	au_set_fbstart(file, -1);
+	au_set_fbend_dir(file, -1);
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int aufs_open_dir(struct inode *inode __maybe_unused,
+			 struct file *file)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct au_fidir *fidir;
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	sb = file->f_dentry->d_sb;
+	si_read_lock(sb, AuLock_FLUSH);
+	fidir = au_fidir_alloc(sb);
+	if (fidir) {
+		err = au_do_open(file, do_open_dir, fidir);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			kfree(fidir);
+	}
+	si_read_unlock(sb);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int aufs_release_dir(struct inode *inode __maybe_unused,
+			    struct file *file)
+{
+	struct au_vdir *vdir_cache;
+	struct au_finfo *finfo;
+	struct au_fidir *fidir;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, bend;
+
+	finfo = au_fi(file);
+	fidir = finfo->fi_hdir;
+	if (fidir) {
+		/* remove me from sb->s_files */
+		file_sb_list_del(file);
+
+		vdir_cache = fidir->fd_vdir_cache; /* lock-free */
+		if (vdir_cache)
+			au_vdir_free(vdir_cache);
+
+		bindex = finfo->fi_btop;
+		if (bindex >= 0) {
+			/*
+			 * calls fput() instead of filp_close(),
+			 * since no dnotify or lock for the lower file.
+			 */
+			bend = fidir->fd_bbot;
+			for (; bindex <= bend; bindex++)
+				au_set_h_fptr(file, bindex, NULL);
+		}
+		kfree(fidir);
+		finfo->fi_hdir = NULL;
+	}
+	au_finfo_fin(file);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static int au_do_flush_dir(struct file *file, fl_owner_t id)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, bend;
+	struct file *h_file;
+
+	err = 0;
+	bend = au_fbend_dir(file);
+	for (bindex = au_fbstart(file); !err && bindex <= bend; bindex++) {
+		h_file = au_hf_dir(file, bindex);
+		if (h_file)
+			err = vfsub_flush(h_file, id);
+	}
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int aufs_flush_dir(struct file *file, fl_owner_t id)
+{
+	return au_do_flush(file, id, au_do_flush_dir);
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static int au_do_fsync_dir_no_file(struct dentry *dentry, int datasync)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bend, bindex;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+
+	err = 0;
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	inode = dentry->d_inode;
+	IMustLock(inode);
+	bend = au_dbend(dentry);
+	for (bindex = au_dbstart(dentry); !err && bindex <= bend; bindex++) {
+		struct path h_path;
+
+		if (au_test_ro(sb, bindex, inode))
+			continue;
+		h_path.dentry = au_h_dptr(dentry, bindex);
+		if (!h_path.dentry)
+			continue;
+
+		h_path.mnt = au_sbr_mnt(sb, bindex);
+		err = vfsub_fsync(NULL, &h_path, datasync);
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int au_do_fsync_dir(struct file *file, int datasync)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bend, bindex;
+	struct file *h_file;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct inode *inode;
+
+	err = au_reval_and_lock_fdi(file, reopen_dir, /*wlock*/1);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	sb = file->f_dentry->d_sb;
+	inode = file->f_dentry->d_inode;
+	bend = au_fbend_dir(file);
+	for (bindex = au_fbstart(file); !err && bindex <= bend; bindex++) {
+		h_file = au_hf_dir(file, bindex);
+		if (!h_file || au_test_ro(sb, bindex, inode))
+			continue;
+
+		err = vfsub_fsync(h_file, &h_file->f_path, datasync);
+	}
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * @file may be NULL
+ */
+static int aufs_fsync_dir(struct file *file, loff_t start, loff_t end,
+			  int datasync)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct mutex *mtx;
+
+	err = 0;
+	dentry = file->f_dentry;
+	mtx = &dentry->d_inode->i_mutex;
+	mutex_lock(mtx);
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	si_noflush_read_lock(sb);
+	if (file)
+		err = au_do_fsync_dir(file, datasync);
+	else {
+		di_write_lock_child(dentry);
+		err = au_do_fsync_dir_no_file(dentry, datasync);
+	}
+	au_cpup_attr_timesizes(dentry->d_inode);
+	di_write_unlock(dentry);
+	if (file)
+		fi_write_unlock(file);
+
+	si_read_unlock(sb);
+	mutex_unlock(mtx);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static int aufs_readdir(struct file *file, void *dirent, filldir_t filldir)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+	struct inode *inode, *h_inode;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+
+	dentry = file->f_dentry;
+	inode = dentry->d_inode;
+	IMustLock(inode);
+
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	si_read_lock(sb, AuLock_FLUSH);
+	err = au_reval_and_lock_fdi(file, reopen_dir, /*wlock*/1);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+	err = au_alive_dir(dentry);
+	if (!err)
+		err = au_vdir_init(file);
+	di_downgrade_lock(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_unlock;
+
+	h_inode = au_h_iptr(inode, au_ibstart(inode));
+	if (!au_test_nfsd()) {
+		err = au_vdir_fill_de(file, dirent, filldir);
+		fsstack_copy_attr_atime(inode, h_inode);
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * nfsd filldir may call lookup_one_len(), vfs_getattr(),
+		 * encode_fh() and others.
+		 */
+		atomic_inc(&h_inode->i_count);
+		di_read_unlock(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+		si_read_unlock(sb);
+		err = au_vdir_fill_de(file, dirent, filldir);
+		fsstack_copy_attr_atime(inode, h_inode);
+		fi_write_unlock(file);
+		iput(h_inode);
+
+		AuTraceErr(err);
+		return err;
+	}
+
+out_unlock:
+	di_read_unlock(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+	fi_write_unlock(file);
+out:
+	si_read_unlock(sb);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#define AuTestEmpty_WHONLY	1
+#define AuTestEmpty_CALLED	(1 << 1)
+#define AuTestEmpty_SHWH	(1 << 2)
+#define au_ftest_testempty(flags, name)	((flags) & AuTestEmpty_##name)
+#define au_fset_testempty(flags, name) \
+	do { (flags) |= AuTestEmpty_##name; } while (0)
+#define au_fclr_testempty(flags, name) \
+	do { (flags) &= ~AuTestEmpty_##name; } while (0)
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_AUFS_SHWH
+#undef AuTestEmpty_SHWH
+#define AuTestEmpty_SHWH	0
+#endif
+
+struct test_empty_arg {
+	struct au_nhash *whlist;
+	unsigned int flags;
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex;
+};
+
+static int test_empty_cb(void *__arg, const char *__name, int namelen,
+			 loff_t offset __maybe_unused, u64 ino,
+			 unsigned int d_type)
+{
+	struct test_empty_arg *arg = __arg;
+	char *name = (void *)__name;
+
+	arg->err = 0;
+	au_fset_testempty(arg->flags, CALLED);
+	/* smp_mb(); */
+	if (name[0] == '.'
+	    && (namelen == 1 || (name[1] == '.' && namelen == 2)))
+		goto out; /* success */
+
+	if (namelen <= AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN
+	    || memcmp(name, AUFS_WH_PFX, AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN)) {
+		if (au_ftest_testempty(arg->flags, WHONLY)
+		    && !au_nhash_test_known_wh(arg->whlist, name, namelen))
+			arg->err = -ENOTEMPTY;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	name += AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN;
+	namelen -= AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN;
+	if (!au_nhash_test_known_wh(arg->whlist, name, namelen))
+		arg->err = au_nhash_append_wh
+			(arg->whlist, name, namelen, ino, d_type, arg->bindex,
+			 au_ftest_testempty(arg->flags, SHWH));
+
+out:
+	/* smp_mb(); */
+	AuTraceErr(arg->err);
+	return arg->err;
+}
+
+static int do_test_empty(struct dentry *dentry, struct test_empty_arg *arg)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct file *h_file;
+
+	h_file = au_h_open(dentry, arg->bindex,
+			   O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK | O_DIRECTORY | O_LARGEFILE,
+			   /*file*/NULL);
+	err = PTR_ERR(h_file);
+	if (IS_ERR(h_file))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = 0;
+	if (!au_opt_test(au_mntflags(dentry->d_sb), UDBA_NONE)
+	    && !h_file->f_dentry->d_inode->i_nlink)
+		goto out_put;
+
+	do {
+		arg->err = 0;
+		au_fclr_testempty(arg->flags, CALLED);
+		/* smp_mb(); */
+		err = vfsub_readdir(h_file, test_empty_cb, arg);
+		if (err >= 0)
+			err = arg->err;
+	} while (!err && au_ftest_testempty(arg->flags, CALLED));
+
+out_put:
+	fput(h_file);
+	au_sbr_put(dentry->d_sb, arg->bindex);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+struct do_test_empty_args {
+	int *errp;
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+	struct test_empty_arg *arg;
+};
+
+static void call_do_test_empty(void *args)
+{
+	struct do_test_empty_args *a = args;
+	*a->errp = do_test_empty(a->dentry, a->arg);
+}
+
+static int sio_test_empty(struct dentry *dentry, struct test_empty_arg *arg)
+{
+	int err, wkq_err;
+	struct dentry *h_dentry;
+	struct inode *h_inode;
+
+	h_dentry = au_h_dptr(dentry, arg->bindex);
+	h_inode = h_dentry->d_inode;
+	/* todo: i_mode changes anytime? */
+	mutex_lock_nested(&h_inode->i_mutex, AuLsc_I_CHILD);
+	err = au_test_h_perm_sio(h_inode, MAY_EXEC | MAY_READ);
+	mutex_unlock(&h_inode->i_mutex);
+	if (!err)
+		err = do_test_empty(dentry, arg);
+	else {
+		struct do_test_empty_args args = {
+			.errp	= &err,
+			.dentry	= dentry,
+			.arg	= arg
+		};
+		unsigned int flags = arg->flags;
+
+		wkq_err = au_wkq_wait(call_do_test_empty, &args);
+		if (unlikely(wkq_err))
+			err = wkq_err;
+		arg->flags = flags;
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+int au_test_empty_lower(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	int err;
+	unsigned int rdhash;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, bstart, btail;
+	struct au_nhash whlist;
+	struct test_empty_arg arg;
+
+	SiMustAnyLock(dentry->d_sb);
+
+	rdhash = au_sbi(dentry->d_sb)->si_rdhash;
+	if (!rdhash)
+		rdhash = au_rdhash_est(au_dir_size(/*file*/NULL, dentry));
+	err = au_nhash_alloc(&whlist, rdhash, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	arg.flags = 0;
+	arg.whlist = &whlist;
+	bstart = au_dbstart(dentry);
+	if (au_opt_test(au_mntflags(dentry->d_sb), SHWH))
+		au_fset_testempty(arg.flags, SHWH);
+	arg.bindex = bstart;
+	err = do_test_empty(dentry, &arg);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_whlist;
+
+	au_fset_testempty(arg.flags, WHONLY);
+	btail = au_dbtaildir(dentry);
+	for (bindex = bstart + 1; !err && bindex <= btail; bindex++) {
+		struct dentry *h_dentry;
+
+		h_dentry = au_h_dptr(dentry, bindex);
+		if (h_dentry && h_dentry->d_inode) {
+			arg.bindex = bindex;
+			err = do_test_empty(dentry, &arg);
+		}
+	}
+
+out_whlist:
+	au_nhash_wh_free(&whlist);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+int au_test_empty(struct dentry *dentry, struct au_nhash *whlist)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct test_empty_arg arg;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, btail;
+
+	err = 0;
+	arg.whlist = whlist;
+	arg.flags = AuTestEmpty_WHONLY;
+	if (au_opt_test(au_mntflags(dentry->d_sb), SHWH))
+		au_fset_testempty(arg.flags, SHWH);
+	btail = au_dbtaildir(dentry);
+	for (bindex = au_dbstart(dentry); !err && bindex <= btail; bindex++) {
+		struct dentry *h_dentry;
+
+		h_dentry = au_h_dptr(dentry, bindex);
+		if (h_dentry && h_dentry->d_inode) {
+			arg.bindex = bindex;
+			err = sio_test_empty(dentry, &arg);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+const struct file_operations aufs_dir_fop = {
+	.owner		= THIS_MODULE,
+	.llseek		= default_llseek,
+	.read		= generic_read_dir,
+	.readdir	= aufs_readdir,
+	.unlocked_ioctl	= aufs_ioctl_dir,
+#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
+	.compat_ioctl	= aufs_compat_ioctl_dir,
+#endif
+	.open		= aufs_open_dir,
+	.release	= aufs_release_dir,
+	.flush		= aufs_flush_dir,
+	.fsync		= aufs_fsync_dir
+};
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/dir.h b/ubuntu/aufs/dir.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..dc52a6325c33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/dir.h
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * directory operations
+ */
+
+#ifndef __AUFS_DIR_H__
+#define __AUFS_DIR_H__
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* need to be faster and smaller */
+
+struct au_nhash {
+	unsigned int		nh_num;
+	struct hlist_head	*nh_head;
+};
+
+struct au_vdir_destr {
+	unsigned char	len;
+	unsigned char	name[0];
+} __packed;
+
+struct au_vdir_dehstr {
+	struct hlist_node	hash;
+	struct au_vdir_destr	*str;
+} ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
+
+struct au_vdir_de {
+	ino_t			de_ino;
+	unsigned char		de_type;
+	/* caution: packed */
+	struct au_vdir_destr	de_str;
+} __packed;
+
+struct au_vdir_wh {
+	struct hlist_node	wh_hash;
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_SHWH
+	ino_t			wh_ino;
+	aufs_bindex_t		wh_bindex;
+	unsigned char		wh_type;
+#else
+	aufs_bindex_t		wh_bindex;
+#endif
+	/* caution: packed */
+	struct au_vdir_destr	wh_str;
+} __packed;
+
+union au_vdir_deblk_p {
+	unsigned char		*deblk;
+	struct au_vdir_de	*de;
+};
+
+struct au_vdir {
+	unsigned char	**vd_deblk;
+	unsigned long	vd_nblk;
+	struct {
+		unsigned long		ul;
+		union au_vdir_deblk_p	p;
+	} vd_last;
+
+	unsigned long	vd_version;
+	unsigned int	vd_deblk_sz;
+	unsigned long	vd_jiffy;
+} ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* dir.c */
+extern const struct file_operations aufs_dir_fop;
+void au_add_nlink(struct inode *dir, struct inode *h_dir);
+void au_sub_nlink(struct inode *dir, struct inode *h_dir);
+loff_t au_dir_size(struct file *file, struct dentry *dentry);
+int au_test_empty_lower(struct dentry *dentry);
+int au_test_empty(struct dentry *dentry, struct au_nhash *whlist);
+
+/* vdir.c */
+unsigned int au_rdhash_est(loff_t sz);
+int au_nhash_alloc(struct au_nhash *nhash, unsigned int num_hash, gfp_t gfp);
+void au_nhash_wh_free(struct au_nhash *whlist);
+int au_nhash_test_longer_wh(struct au_nhash *whlist, aufs_bindex_t btgt,
+			    int limit);
+int au_nhash_test_known_wh(struct au_nhash *whlist, char *name, int nlen);
+int au_nhash_append_wh(struct au_nhash *whlist, char *name, int nlen, ino_t ino,
+		       unsigned int d_type, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+		       unsigned char shwh);
+void au_vdir_free(struct au_vdir *vdir);
+int au_vdir_init(struct file *file);
+int au_vdir_fill_de(struct file *file, void *dirent, filldir_t filldir);
+
+/* ioctl.c */
+long aufs_ioctl_dir(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_RDU
+/* rdu.c */
+long au_rdu_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg);
+#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
+long au_rdu_compat_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd,
+			 unsigned long arg);
+#endif
+#else
+static inline long au_rdu_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd,
+				unsigned long arg)
+{
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
+static inline long au_rdu_compat_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd,
+				       unsigned long arg)
+{
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
+#endif /* __AUFS_DIR_H__ */
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/dynop.c b/ubuntu/aufs/dynop.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2aedc11fa079
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/dynop.c
@@ -0,0 +1,377 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2010-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * dynamically customizable operations for regular files
+ */
+
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+#define DyPrSym(key)	AuDbgSym(key->dk_op.dy_hop)
+
+/*
+ * How large will these lists be?
+ * Usually just a few elements, 20-30 at most for each, I guess.
+ */
+static struct au_splhead dynop[AuDyLast];
+
+static struct au_dykey *dy_gfind_get(struct au_splhead *spl, const void *h_op)
+{
+	struct au_dykey *key, *tmp;
+	struct list_head *head;
+
+	key = NULL;
+	head = &spl->head;
+	rcu_read_lock();
+	list_for_each_entry_rcu(tmp, head, dk_list)
+		if (tmp->dk_op.dy_hop == h_op) {
+			key = tmp;
+			kref_get(&key->dk_kref);
+			break;
+		}
+	rcu_read_unlock();
+
+	return key;
+}
+
+static struct au_dykey *dy_bradd(struct au_branch *br, struct au_dykey *key)
+{
+	struct au_dykey **k, *found;
+	const void *h_op = key->dk_op.dy_hop;
+	int i;
+
+	found = NULL;
+	k = br->br_dykey;
+	for (i = 0; i < AuBrDynOp; i++)
+		if (k[i]) {
+			if (k[i]->dk_op.dy_hop == h_op) {
+				found = k[i];
+				break;
+			}
+		} else
+			break;
+	if (!found) {
+		spin_lock(&br->br_dykey_lock);
+		for (; i < AuBrDynOp; i++)
+			if (k[i]) {
+				if (k[i]->dk_op.dy_hop == h_op) {
+					found = k[i];
+					break;
+				}
+			} else {
+				k[i] = key;
+				break;
+			}
+		spin_unlock(&br->br_dykey_lock);
+		BUG_ON(i == AuBrDynOp); /* expand the array */
+	}
+
+	return found;
+}
+
+/* kref_get() if @key is already added */
+static struct au_dykey *dy_gadd(struct au_splhead *spl, struct au_dykey *key)
+{
+	struct au_dykey *tmp, *found;
+	struct list_head *head;
+	const void *h_op = key->dk_op.dy_hop;
+
+	found = NULL;
+	head = &spl->head;
+	spin_lock(&spl->spin);
+	list_for_each_entry(tmp, head, dk_list)
+		if (tmp->dk_op.dy_hop == h_op) {
+			kref_get(&tmp->dk_kref);
+			found = tmp;
+			break;
+		}
+	if (!found)
+		list_add_rcu(&key->dk_list, head);
+	spin_unlock(&spl->spin);
+
+	if (!found)
+		DyPrSym(key);
+	return found;
+}
+
+static void dy_free_rcu(struct rcu_head *rcu)
+{
+	struct au_dykey *key;
+
+	key = container_of(rcu, struct au_dykey, dk_rcu);
+	DyPrSym(key);
+	kfree(key);
+}
+
+static void dy_free(struct kref *kref)
+{
+	struct au_dykey *key;
+	struct au_splhead *spl;
+
+	key = container_of(kref, struct au_dykey, dk_kref);
+	spl = dynop + key->dk_op.dy_type;
+	au_spl_del_rcu(&key->dk_list, spl);
+	call_rcu(&key->dk_rcu, dy_free_rcu);
+}
+
+void au_dy_put(struct au_dykey *key)
+{
+	kref_put(&key->dk_kref, dy_free);
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#define DyDbgSize(cnt, op)	AuDebugOn(cnt != sizeof(op)/sizeof(void *))
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_DEBUG
+#define DyDbgDeclare(cnt)	unsigned int cnt = 0
+#define DyDbgInc(cnt)		do { cnt++; } while (0)
+#else
+#define DyDbgDeclare(cnt)	do {} while (0)
+#define DyDbgInc(cnt)		do {} while (0)
+#endif
+
+#define DySet(func, dst, src, h_op, h_sb) do {				\
+	DyDbgInc(cnt);							\
+	if (h_op->func) {						\
+		if (src.func)						\
+			dst.func = src.func;				\
+		else							\
+			AuDbg("%s %s\n", au_sbtype(h_sb), #func);	\
+	}								\
+} while (0)
+
+#define DySetForce(func, dst, src) do {		\
+	AuDebugOn(!src.func);			\
+	DyDbgInc(cnt);				\
+	dst.func = src.func;			\
+} while (0)
+
+#define DySetAop(func) \
+	DySet(func, dyaop->da_op, aufs_aop, h_aop, h_sb)
+#define DySetAopForce(func) \
+	DySetForce(func, dyaop->da_op, aufs_aop)
+
+static void dy_aop(struct au_dykey *key, const void *h_op,
+		   struct super_block *h_sb __maybe_unused)
+{
+	struct au_dyaop *dyaop = (void *)key;
+	const struct address_space_operations *h_aop = h_op;
+	DyDbgDeclare(cnt);
+
+	AuDbg("%s\n", au_sbtype(h_sb));
+
+	DySetAop(writepage);
+	DySetAopForce(readpage);	/* force */
+	DySetAop(writepages);
+	DySetAop(set_page_dirty);
+	DySetAop(readpages);
+	DySetAop(write_begin);
+	DySetAop(write_end);
+	DySetAop(bmap);
+	DySetAop(invalidatepage);
+	DySetAop(releasepage);
+	DySetAop(freepage);
+	/* these two will be changed according to an aufs mount option */
+	DySetAop(direct_IO);
+	DySetAop(get_xip_mem);
+	DySetAop(migratepage);
+	DySetAop(launder_page);
+	DySetAop(is_partially_uptodate);
+	DySetAop(error_remove_page);
+
+	DyDbgSize(cnt, *h_aop);
+	dyaop->da_get_xip_mem = h_aop->get_xip_mem;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void dy_bug(struct kref *kref)
+{
+	BUG();
+}
+
+static struct au_dykey *dy_get(struct au_dynop *op, struct au_branch *br)
+{
+	struct au_dykey *key, *old;
+	struct au_splhead *spl;
+	struct op {
+		unsigned int sz;
+		void (*set)(struct au_dykey *key, const void *h_op,
+			    struct super_block *h_sb __maybe_unused);
+	};
+	static const struct op a[] = {
+		[AuDy_AOP] = {
+			.sz	= sizeof(struct au_dyaop),
+			.set	= dy_aop
+		}
+	};
+	const struct op *p;
+
+	spl = dynop + op->dy_type;
+	key = dy_gfind_get(spl, op->dy_hop);
+	if (key)
+		goto out_add; /* success */
+
+	p = a + op->dy_type;
+	key = kzalloc(p->sz, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(!key)) {
+		key = ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	key->dk_op.dy_hop = op->dy_hop;
+	kref_init(&key->dk_kref);
+	p->set(key, op->dy_hop, br->br_mnt->mnt_sb);
+	old = dy_gadd(spl, key);
+	if (old) {
+		kfree(key);
+		key = old;
+	}
+
+out_add:
+	old = dy_bradd(br, key);
+	if (old)
+		/* its ref-count should never be zero here */
+		kref_put(&key->dk_kref, dy_bug);
+out:
+	return key;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/*
+ * Aufs prohibits O_DIRECT by defaut even if the branch supports it.
+ * This behaviour is neccessary to return an error from open(O_DIRECT) instead
+ * of the succeeding I/O. The dio mount option enables O_DIRECT and makes
+ * open(O_DIRECT) always succeed, but the succeeding I/O may return an error.
+ * See the aufs manual in detail.
+ *
+ * To keep this behaviour, aufs has to set NULL to ->get_xip_mem too, and the
+ * performance of fadvise() and madvise() may be affected.
+ */
+static void dy_adx(struct au_dyaop *dyaop, int do_dx)
+{
+	if (!do_dx) {
+		dyaop->da_op.direct_IO = NULL;
+		dyaop->da_op.get_xip_mem = NULL;
+	} else {
+		dyaop->da_op.direct_IO = aufs_aop.direct_IO;
+		dyaop->da_op.get_xip_mem = aufs_aop.get_xip_mem;
+		if (!dyaop->da_get_xip_mem)
+			dyaop->da_op.get_xip_mem = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+static struct au_dyaop *dy_aget(struct au_branch *br,
+				const struct address_space_operations *h_aop,
+				int do_dx)
+{
+	struct au_dyaop *dyaop;
+	struct au_dynop op;
+
+	op.dy_type = AuDy_AOP;
+	op.dy_haop = h_aop;
+	dyaop = (void *)dy_get(&op, br);
+	if (IS_ERR(dyaop))
+		goto out;
+	dy_adx(dyaop, do_dx);
+
+out:
+	return dyaop;
+}
+
+int au_dy_iaop(struct inode *inode, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+		struct inode *h_inode)
+{
+	int err, do_dx;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+	struct au_dyaop *dyaop;
+
+	AuDebugOn(!S_ISREG(h_inode->i_mode));
+	IiMustWriteLock(inode);
+
+	sb = inode->i_sb;
+	br = au_sbr(sb, bindex);
+	do_dx = !!au_opt_test(au_mntflags(sb), DIO);
+	dyaop = dy_aget(br, h_inode->i_mapping->a_ops, do_dx);
+	err = PTR_ERR(dyaop);
+	if (IS_ERR(dyaop))
+		/* unnecessary to call dy_fput() */
+		goto out;
+
+	err = 0;
+	inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &dyaop->da_op;
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Is it safe to replace a_ops during the inode/file is in operation?
+ * Yes, I hope so.
+ */
+int au_dy_irefresh(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bstart;
+	struct inode *h_inode;
+
+	err = 0;
+	if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode)) {
+		bstart = au_ibstart(inode);
+		h_inode = au_h_iptr(inode, bstart);
+		err = au_dy_iaop(inode, bstart, h_inode);
+	}
+	return err;
+}
+
+void au_dy_arefresh(int do_dx)
+{
+	struct au_splhead *spl;
+	struct list_head *head;
+	struct au_dykey *key;
+
+	spl = dynop + AuDy_AOP;
+	head = &spl->head;
+	spin_lock(&spl->spin);
+	list_for_each_entry(key, head, dk_list)
+		dy_adx((void *)key, do_dx);
+	spin_unlock(&spl->spin);
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+void __init au_dy_init(void)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	/* make sure that 'struct au_dykey *' can be any type */
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(offsetof(struct au_dyaop, da_key));
+
+	for (i = 0; i < AuDyLast; i++)
+		au_spl_init(dynop + i);
+}
+
+void au_dy_fin(void)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < AuDyLast; i++)
+		WARN_ON(!list_empty(&dynop[i].head));
+}
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/dynop.h b/ubuntu/aufs/dynop.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..029b08cff025
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/dynop.h
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2010-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * dynamically customizable operations (for regular files only)
+ */
+
+#ifndef __AUFS_DYNOP_H__
+#define __AUFS_DYNOP_H__
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+
+#include "inode.h"
+
+enum {AuDy_AOP, AuDyLast};
+
+struct au_dynop {
+	int						dy_type;
+	union {
+		const void				*dy_hop;
+		const struct address_space_operations	*dy_haop;
+	};
+};
+
+struct au_dykey {
+	union {
+		struct list_head	dk_list;
+		struct rcu_head		dk_rcu;
+	};
+	struct au_dynop		dk_op;
+
+	/*
+	 * during I am in the branch local array, kref is gotten. when the
+	 * branch is removed, kref is put.
+	 */
+	struct kref		dk_kref;
+};
+
+/* stop unioning since their sizes are very different from each other */
+struct au_dyaop {
+	struct au_dykey			da_key;
+	struct address_space_operations	da_op; /* not const */
+	int (*da_get_xip_mem)(struct address_space *, pgoff_t, int,
+			      void **, unsigned long *);
+};
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* dynop.c */
+struct au_branch;
+void au_dy_put(struct au_dykey *key);
+int au_dy_iaop(struct inode *inode, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+		struct inode *h_inode);
+int au_dy_irefresh(struct inode *inode);
+void au_dy_arefresh(int do_dio);
+
+void __init au_dy_init(void);
+void au_dy_fin(void);
+
+#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
+#endif /* __AUFS_DYNOP_H__ */
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/export.c b/ubuntu/aufs/export.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..962d8e04f9e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/export.c
@@ -0,0 +1,804 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * export via nfs
+ */
+
+#include <linux/exportfs.h>
+#include <linux/mnt_namespace.h>
+#include <linux/namei.h>
+#include <linux/nsproxy.h>
+#include <linux/random.h>
+#include <linux/writeback.h>
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+union conv {
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_INO_T_64
+	__u32 a[2];
+#else
+	__u32 a[1];
+#endif
+	ino_t ino;
+};
+
+static ino_t decode_ino(__u32 *a)
+{
+	union conv u;
+
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(u.ino) != sizeof(u.a));
+	u.a[0] = a[0];
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_INO_T_64
+	u.a[1] = a[1];
+#endif
+	return u.ino;
+}
+
+static void encode_ino(__u32 *a, ino_t ino)
+{
+	union conv u;
+
+	u.ino = ino;
+	a[0] = u.a[0];
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_INO_T_64
+	a[1] = u.a[1];
+#endif
+}
+
+/* NFS file handle */
+enum {
+	Fh_br_id,
+	Fh_sigen,
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_INO_T_64
+	/* support 64bit inode number */
+	Fh_ino1,
+	Fh_ino2,
+	Fh_dir_ino1,
+	Fh_dir_ino2,
+#else
+	Fh_ino1,
+	Fh_dir_ino1,
+#endif
+	Fh_igen,
+	Fh_h_type,
+	Fh_tail,
+
+	Fh_ino = Fh_ino1,
+	Fh_dir_ino = Fh_dir_ino1
+};
+
+static int au_test_anon(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	/* note: read d_flags without d_lock */
+	return !!(dentry->d_flags & DCACHE_DISCONNECTED);
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* inode generation external table */
+
+void au_xigen_inc(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	loff_t pos;
+	ssize_t sz;
+	__u32 igen;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+
+	sb = inode->i_sb;
+	AuDebugOn(!au_opt_test(au_mntflags(sb), XINO));
+
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	pos = inode->i_ino;
+	pos *= sizeof(igen);
+	igen = inode->i_generation + 1;
+	sz = xino_fwrite(sbinfo->si_xwrite, sbinfo->si_xigen, &igen,
+			 sizeof(igen), &pos);
+	if (sz == sizeof(igen))
+		return; /* success */
+
+	if (unlikely(sz >= 0))
+		AuIOErr("xigen error (%zd)\n", sz);
+}
+
+int au_xigen_new(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	int err;
+	loff_t pos;
+	ssize_t sz;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+	struct file *file;
+
+	err = 0;
+	/* todo: dirty, at mount time */
+	if (inode->i_ino == AUFS_ROOT_INO)
+		goto out;
+	sb = inode->i_sb;
+	SiMustAnyLock(sb);
+	if (unlikely(!au_opt_test(au_mntflags(sb), XINO)))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = -EFBIG;
+	pos = inode->i_ino;
+	if (unlikely(au_loff_max / sizeof(inode->i_generation) - 1 < pos)) {
+		AuIOErr1("too large i%lld\n", pos);
+		goto out;
+	}
+	pos *= sizeof(inode->i_generation);
+
+	err = 0;
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	file = sbinfo->si_xigen;
+	BUG_ON(!file);
+
+	if (i_size_read(file->f_dentry->d_inode)
+	    < pos + sizeof(inode->i_generation)) {
+		inode->i_generation = atomic_inc_return(&sbinfo->si_xigen_next);
+		sz = xino_fwrite(sbinfo->si_xwrite, file, &inode->i_generation,
+				 sizeof(inode->i_generation), &pos);
+	} else
+		sz = xino_fread(sbinfo->si_xread, file, &inode->i_generation,
+				sizeof(inode->i_generation), &pos);
+	if (sz == sizeof(inode->i_generation))
+		goto out; /* success */
+
+	err = sz;
+	if (unlikely(sz >= 0)) {
+		err = -EIO;
+		AuIOErr("xigen error (%zd)\n", sz);
+	}
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+int au_xigen_set(struct super_block *sb, struct file *base)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+	struct file *file;
+
+	SiMustWriteLock(sb);
+
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	file = au_xino_create2(base, sbinfo->si_xigen);
+	err = PTR_ERR(file);
+	if (IS_ERR(file))
+		goto out;
+	err = 0;
+	if (sbinfo->si_xigen)
+		fput(sbinfo->si_xigen);
+	sbinfo->si_xigen = file;
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+void au_xigen_clr(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+
+	SiMustWriteLock(sb);
+
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	if (sbinfo->si_xigen) {
+		fput(sbinfo->si_xigen);
+		sbinfo->si_xigen = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static struct dentry *decode_by_ino(struct super_block *sb, ino_t ino,
+				    ino_t dir_ino)
+{
+	struct dentry *dentry, *d;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	unsigned int sigen;
+
+	dentry = NULL;
+	inode = ilookup(sb, ino);
+	if (!inode)
+		goto out;
+
+	dentry = ERR_PTR(-ESTALE);
+	sigen = au_sigen(sb);
+	if (unlikely(is_bad_inode(inode)
+		     || IS_DEADDIR(inode)
+		     || sigen != au_iigen(inode)))
+		goto out_iput;
+
+	dentry = NULL;
+	if (!dir_ino || S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
+		dentry = d_find_alias(inode);
+	else {
+		spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
+		list_for_each_entry(d, &inode->i_dentry, d_alias) {
+			spin_lock(&d->d_lock);
+			if (!au_test_anon(d)
+			    && d->d_parent->d_inode->i_ino == dir_ino) {
+				dentry = dget_dlock(d);
+				spin_unlock(&d->d_lock);
+				break;
+			}
+			spin_unlock(&d->d_lock);
+		}
+		spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
+	}
+	if (unlikely(dentry && au_digen_test(dentry, sigen))) {
+		/* need to refresh */
+		dput(dentry);
+		dentry = NULL;
+	}
+
+out_iput:
+	iput(inode);
+out:
+	AuTraceErrPtr(dentry);
+	return dentry;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* todo: dirty? */
+/* if exportfs_decode_fh() passed vfsmount*, we could be happy */
+
+struct au_compare_mnt_args {
+	/* input */
+	struct super_block *sb;
+
+	/* output */
+	struct vfsmount *mnt;
+};
+
+static int au_compare_mnt(struct vfsmount *mnt, void *arg)
+{
+	struct au_compare_mnt_args *a = arg;
+
+	if (mnt->mnt_sb != a->sb)
+		return 0;
+	a->mnt = mntget(mnt);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static struct vfsmount *au_mnt_get(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct au_compare_mnt_args args = {
+		.sb = sb
+	};
+	struct mnt_namespace *ns;
+
+	br_read_lock(vfsmount_lock);
+	/* no get/put ?? */
+	AuDebugOn(!current->nsproxy);
+	ns = current->nsproxy->mnt_ns;
+	AuDebugOn(!ns);
+	err = iterate_mounts(au_compare_mnt, &args, ns->root);
+	br_read_unlock(vfsmount_lock);
+	AuDebugOn(!err);
+	AuDebugOn(!args.mnt);
+	return args.mnt;
+}
+
+struct au_nfsd_si_lock {
+	unsigned int sigen;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, br_id;
+	unsigned char force_lock;
+};
+
+static int si_nfsd_read_lock(struct super_block *sb,
+			     struct au_nfsd_si_lock *nsi_lock)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex;
+
+	si_read_lock(sb, AuLock_FLUSH);
+
+	/* branch id may be wrapped around */
+	err = 0;
+	bindex = au_br_index(sb, nsi_lock->br_id);
+	if (bindex >= 0 && nsi_lock->sigen + AUFS_BRANCH_MAX > au_sigen(sb))
+		goto out; /* success */
+
+	err = -ESTALE;
+	bindex = -1;
+	if (!nsi_lock->force_lock)
+		si_read_unlock(sb);
+
+out:
+	nsi_lock->bindex = bindex;
+	return err;
+}
+
+struct find_name_by_ino {
+	int called, found;
+	ino_t ino;
+	char *name;
+	int namelen;
+};
+
+static int
+find_name_by_ino(void *arg, const char *name, int namelen, loff_t offset,
+		 u64 ino, unsigned int d_type)
+{
+	struct find_name_by_ino *a = arg;
+
+	a->called++;
+	if (a->ino != ino)
+		return 0;
+
+	memcpy(a->name, name, namelen);
+	a->namelen = namelen;
+	a->found = 1;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static struct dentry *au_lkup_by_ino(struct path *path, ino_t ino,
+				     struct au_nfsd_si_lock *nsi_lock)
+{
+	struct dentry *dentry, *parent;
+	struct file *file;
+	struct inode *dir;
+	struct find_name_by_ino arg;
+	int err;
+
+	parent = path->dentry;
+	if (nsi_lock)
+		si_read_unlock(parent->d_sb);
+	file = vfsub_dentry_open(path, au_dir_roflags);
+	dentry = (void *)file;
+	if (IS_ERR(file))
+		goto out;
+
+	dentry = ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+	arg.name = __getname_gfp(GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(!arg.name))
+		goto out_file;
+	arg.ino = ino;
+	arg.found = 0;
+	do {
+		arg.called = 0;
+		/* smp_mb(); */
+		err = vfsub_readdir(file, find_name_by_ino, &arg);
+	} while (!err && !arg.found && arg.called);
+	dentry = ERR_PTR(err);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_name;
+	dentry = ERR_PTR(-ENOENT);
+	if (!arg.found)
+		goto out_name;
+
+	/* do not call au_lkup_one() */
+	dir = parent->d_inode;
+	mutex_lock(&dir->i_mutex);
+	dentry = vfsub_lookup_one_len(arg.name, parent, arg.namelen);
+	mutex_unlock(&dir->i_mutex);
+	AuTraceErrPtr(dentry);
+	if (IS_ERR(dentry))
+		goto out_name;
+	AuDebugOn(au_test_anon(dentry));
+	if (unlikely(!dentry->d_inode)) {
+		dput(dentry);
+		dentry = ERR_PTR(-ENOENT);
+	}
+
+out_name:
+	__putname(arg.name);
+out_file:
+	fput(file);
+out:
+	if (unlikely(nsi_lock
+		     && si_nfsd_read_lock(parent->d_sb, nsi_lock) < 0))
+		if (!IS_ERR(dentry)) {
+			dput(dentry);
+			dentry = ERR_PTR(-ESTALE);
+		}
+	AuTraceErrPtr(dentry);
+	return dentry;
+}
+
+static struct dentry *decode_by_dir_ino(struct super_block *sb, ino_t ino,
+					ino_t dir_ino,
+					struct au_nfsd_si_lock *nsi_lock)
+{
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+	struct path path;
+
+	if (dir_ino != AUFS_ROOT_INO) {
+		path.dentry = decode_by_ino(sb, dir_ino, 0);
+		dentry = path.dentry;
+		if (!path.dentry || IS_ERR(path.dentry))
+			goto out;
+		AuDebugOn(au_test_anon(path.dentry));
+	} else
+		path.dentry = dget(sb->s_root);
+
+	path.mnt = au_mnt_get(sb);
+	dentry = au_lkup_by_ino(&path, ino, nsi_lock);
+	path_put(&path);
+
+out:
+	AuTraceErrPtr(dentry);
+	return dentry;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static int h_acceptable(void *expv, struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static char *au_build_path(struct dentry *h_parent, struct path *h_rootpath,
+			   char *buf, int len, struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	char *p;
+	int n;
+	struct path path;
+
+	p = d_path(h_rootpath, buf, len);
+	if (IS_ERR(p))
+		goto out;
+	n = strlen(p);
+
+	path.mnt = h_rootpath->mnt;
+	path.dentry = h_parent;
+	p = d_path(&path, buf, len);
+	if (IS_ERR(p))
+		goto out;
+	if (n != 1)
+		p += n;
+
+	path.mnt = au_mnt_get(sb);
+	path.dentry = sb->s_root;
+	p = d_path(&path, buf, len - strlen(p));
+	mntput(path.mnt);
+	if (IS_ERR(p))
+		goto out;
+	if (n != 1)
+		p[strlen(p)] = '/';
+
+out:
+	AuTraceErrPtr(p);
+	return p;
+}
+
+static
+struct dentry *decode_by_path(struct super_block *sb, ino_t ino, __u32 *fh,
+			      int fh_len, struct au_nfsd_si_lock *nsi_lock)
+{
+	struct dentry *dentry, *h_parent, *root;
+	struct super_block *h_sb;
+	char *pathname, *p;
+	struct vfsmount *h_mnt;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+	int err;
+	struct path path;
+
+	br = au_sbr(sb, nsi_lock->bindex);
+	h_mnt = br->br_mnt;
+	h_sb = h_mnt->mnt_sb;
+	/* todo: call lower fh_to_dentry()? fh_to_parent()? */
+	h_parent = exportfs_decode_fh(h_mnt, (void *)(fh + Fh_tail),
+				      fh_len - Fh_tail, fh[Fh_h_type],
+				      h_acceptable, /*context*/NULL);
+	dentry = h_parent;
+	if (unlikely(!h_parent || IS_ERR(h_parent))) {
+		AuWarn1("%s decode_fh failed, %ld\n",
+			au_sbtype(h_sb), PTR_ERR(h_parent));
+		goto out;
+	}
+	dentry = NULL;
+	if (unlikely(au_test_anon(h_parent))) {
+		AuWarn1("%s decode_fh returned a disconnected dentry\n",
+			au_sbtype(h_sb));
+		goto out_h_parent;
+	}
+
+	dentry = ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+	pathname = (void *)__get_free_page(GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(!pathname))
+		goto out_h_parent;
+
+	root = sb->s_root;
+	path.mnt = h_mnt;
+	di_read_lock_parent(root, !AuLock_IR);
+	path.dentry = au_h_dptr(root, nsi_lock->bindex);
+	di_read_unlock(root, !AuLock_IR);
+	p = au_build_path(h_parent, &path, pathname, PAGE_SIZE, sb);
+	dentry = (void *)p;
+	if (IS_ERR(p))
+		goto out_pathname;
+
+	si_read_unlock(sb);
+	err = vfsub_kern_path(p, LOOKUP_FOLLOW | LOOKUP_DIRECTORY, &path);
+	dentry = ERR_PTR(err);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_relock;
+
+	dentry = ERR_PTR(-ENOENT);
+	AuDebugOn(au_test_anon(path.dentry));
+	if (unlikely(!path.dentry->d_inode))
+		goto out_path;
+
+	if (ino != path.dentry->d_inode->i_ino)
+		dentry = au_lkup_by_ino(&path, ino, /*nsi_lock*/NULL);
+	else
+		dentry = dget(path.dentry);
+
+out_path:
+	path_put(&path);
+out_relock:
+	if (unlikely(si_nfsd_read_lock(sb, nsi_lock) < 0))
+		if (!IS_ERR(dentry)) {
+			dput(dentry);
+			dentry = ERR_PTR(-ESTALE);
+		}
+out_pathname:
+	free_page((unsigned long)pathname);
+out_h_parent:
+	dput(h_parent);
+out:
+	AuTraceErrPtr(dentry);
+	return dentry;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static struct dentry *
+aufs_fh_to_dentry(struct super_block *sb, struct fid *fid, int fh_len,
+		  int fh_type)
+{
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+	__u32 *fh = fid->raw;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+	ino_t ino, dir_ino;
+	struct au_nfsd_si_lock nsi_lock = {
+		.force_lock	= 0
+	};
+
+	dentry = ERR_PTR(-ESTALE);
+	/* it should never happen, but the file handle is unreliable */
+	if (unlikely(fh_len < Fh_tail))
+		goto out;
+	nsi_lock.sigen = fh[Fh_sigen];
+	nsi_lock.br_id = fh[Fh_br_id];
+
+	/* branch id may be wrapped around */
+	br = NULL;
+	if (unlikely(si_nfsd_read_lock(sb, &nsi_lock)))
+		goto out;
+	nsi_lock.force_lock = 1;
+
+	/* is this inode still cached? */
+	ino = decode_ino(fh + Fh_ino);
+	/* it should never happen */
+	if (unlikely(ino == AUFS_ROOT_INO))
+		goto out;
+
+	dir_ino = decode_ino(fh + Fh_dir_ino);
+	dentry = decode_by_ino(sb, ino, dir_ino);
+	if (IS_ERR(dentry))
+		goto out_unlock;
+	if (dentry)
+		goto accept;
+
+	/* is the parent dir cached? */
+	br = au_sbr(sb, nsi_lock.bindex);
+	atomic_inc(&br->br_count);
+	dentry = decode_by_dir_ino(sb, ino, dir_ino, &nsi_lock);
+	if (IS_ERR(dentry))
+		goto out_unlock;
+	if (dentry)
+		goto accept;
+
+	/* lookup path */
+	dentry = decode_by_path(sb, ino, fh, fh_len, &nsi_lock);
+	if (IS_ERR(dentry))
+		goto out_unlock;
+	if (unlikely(!dentry))
+		/* todo?: make it ESTALE */
+		goto out_unlock;
+
+accept:
+	if (!au_digen_test(dentry, au_sigen(sb))
+	    && dentry->d_inode->i_generation == fh[Fh_igen])
+		goto out_unlock; /* success */
+
+	dput(dentry);
+	dentry = ERR_PTR(-ESTALE);
+out_unlock:
+	if (br)
+		atomic_dec(&br->br_count);
+	si_read_unlock(sb);
+out:
+	AuTraceErrPtr(dentry);
+	return dentry;
+}
+
+#if 0 /* reserved for future use */
+/* support subtreecheck option */
+static struct dentry *aufs_fh_to_parent(struct super_block *sb, struct fid *fid,
+					int fh_len, int fh_type)
+{
+	struct dentry *parent;
+	__u32 *fh = fid->raw;
+	ino_t dir_ino;
+
+	dir_ino = decode_ino(fh + Fh_dir_ino);
+	parent = decode_by_ino(sb, dir_ino, 0);
+	if (IS_ERR(parent))
+		goto out;
+	if (!parent)
+		parent = decode_by_path(sb, au_br_index(sb, fh[Fh_br_id]),
+					dir_ino, fh, fh_len);
+
+out:
+	AuTraceErrPtr(parent);
+	return parent;
+}
+#endif
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static int aufs_encode_fh(struct dentry *dentry, __u32 *fh, int *max_len,
+			  int connectable)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, bend;
+	struct super_block *sb, *h_sb;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct dentry *parent, *h_parent;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+
+	AuDebugOn(au_test_anon(dentry));
+
+	parent = NULL;
+	err = -ENOSPC;
+	if (unlikely(*max_len <= Fh_tail)) {
+		AuWarn1("NFSv2 client (max_len %d)?\n", *max_len);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	err = FILEID_ROOT;
+	if (IS_ROOT(dentry)) {
+		AuDebugOn(dentry->d_inode->i_ino != AUFS_ROOT_INO);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	h_parent = NULL;
+	err = aufs_read_lock(dentry, AuLock_FLUSH | AuLock_IR | AuLock_GEN);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	inode = dentry->d_inode;
+	AuDebugOn(!inode);
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_DEBUG
+	if (unlikely(!au_opt_test(au_mntflags(sb), XINO)))
+		AuWarn1("NFS-exporting requires xino\n");
+#endif
+	err = -EIO;
+	parent = dget_parent(dentry);
+	di_read_lock_parent(parent, !AuLock_IR);
+	bend = au_dbtaildir(parent);
+	for (bindex = au_dbstart(parent); bindex <= bend; bindex++) {
+		h_parent = au_h_dptr(parent, bindex);
+		if (h_parent) {
+			dget(h_parent);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	if (unlikely(!h_parent))
+		goto out_unlock;
+
+	err = -EPERM;
+	br = au_sbr(sb, bindex);
+	h_sb = br->br_mnt->mnt_sb;
+	if (unlikely(!h_sb->s_export_op)) {
+		AuErr1("%s branch is not exportable\n", au_sbtype(h_sb));
+		goto out_dput;
+	}
+
+	fh[Fh_br_id] = br->br_id;
+	fh[Fh_sigen] = au_sigen(sb);
+	encode_ino(fh + Fh_ino, inode->i_ino);
+	encode_ino(fh + Fh_dir_ino, parent->d_inode->i_ino);
+	fh[Fh_igen] = inode->i_generation;
+
+	*max_len -= Fh_tail;
+	fh[Fh_h_type] = exportfs_encode_fh(h_parent, (void *)(fh + Fh_tail),
+					   max_len,
+					   /*connectable or subtreecheck*/0);
+	err = fh[Fh_h_type];
+	*max_len += Fh_tail;
+	/* todo: macros? */
+	if (err != 255)
+		err = 99;
+	else
+		AuWarn1("%s encode_fh failed\n", au_sbtype(h_sb));
+
+out_dput:
+	dput(h_parent);
+out_unlock:
+	di_read_unlock(parent, !AuLock_IR);
+	dput(parent);
+	aufs_read_unlock(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+out:
+	if (unlikely(err < 0))
+		err = 255;
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static int aufs_commit_metadata(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct inode *h_inode;
+	int (*f)(struct inode *inode);
+
+	sb = inode->i_sb;
+	si_read_lock(sb, AuLock_FLUSH | AuLock_NOPLMW);
+	ii_write_lock_child(inode);
+	bindex = au_ibstart(inode);
+	AuDebugOn(bindex < 0);
+	h_inode = au_h_iptr(inode, bindex);
+
+	f = h_inode->i_sb->s_export_op->commit_metadata;
+	if (f)
+		err = f(h_inode);
+	else {
+		struct writeback_control wbc = {
+			.sync_mode	= WB_SYNC_ALL,
+			.nr_to_write	= 0 /* metadata only */
+		};
+
+		err = sync_inode(h_inode, &wbc);
+	}
+
+	au_cpup_attr_timesizes(inode);
+	ii_write_unlock(inode);
+	si_read_unlock(sb);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static struct export_operations aufs_export_op = {
+	.fh_to_dentry		= aufs_fh_to_dentry,
+	/* .fh_to_parent	= aufs_fh_to_parent, */
+	.encode_fh		= aufs_encode_fh,
+	.commit_metadata	= aufs_commit_metadata
+};
+
+void au_export_init(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+	__u32 u;
+
+	sb->s_export_op = &aufs_export_op;
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	sbinfo->si_xigen = NULL;
+	get_random_bytes(&u, sizeof(u));
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(u) != sizeof(int));
+	atomic_set(&sbinfo->si_xigen_next, u);
+}
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/f_op.c b/ubuntu/aufs/f_op.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..942e71a7781c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/f_op.c
@@ -0,0 +1,729 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * file and vm operations
+ */
+
+#include <linux/fs_stack.h>
+#include <linux/mman.h>
+#include <linux/security.h>
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+int au_do_open_nondir(struct file *file, int flags)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex;
+	struct file *h_file;
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+	struct au_finfo *finfo;
+
+	FiMustWriteLock(file);
+
+	dentry = file->f_dentry;
+	err = au_d_alive(dentry);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	finfo = au_fi(file);
+	memset(&finfo->fi_htop, 0, sizeof(finfo->fi_htop));
+	atomic_set(&finfo->fi_mmapped, 0);
+	bindex = au_dbstart(dentry);
+	h_file = au_h_open(dentry, bindex, flags, file);
+	if (IS_ERR(h_file))
+		err = PTR_ERR(h_file);
+	else {
+		au_set_fbstart(file, bindex);
+		au_set_h_fptr(file, bindex, h_file);
+		au_update_figen(file);
+		/* todo: necessary? */
+		/* file->f_ra = h_file->f_ra; */
+	}
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int aufs_open_nondir(struct inode *inode __maybe_unused,
+			    struct file *file)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+
+	AuDbg("%.*s, f_flags 0x%x, f_mode 0x%x\n",
+	      AuDLNPair(file->f_dentry), vfsub_file_flags(file),
+	      file->f_mode);
+
+	sb = file->f_dentry->d_sb;
+	si_read_lock(sb, AuLock_FLUSH);
+	err = au_do_open(file, au_do_open_nondir, /*fidir*/NULL);
+	si_read_unlock(sb);
+	return err;
+}
+
+int aufs_release_nondir(struct inode *inode __maybe_unused, struct file *file)
+{
+	struct au_finfo *finfo;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex;
+
+	finfo = au_fi(file);
+	bindex = finfo->fi_btop;
+	if (bindex >= 0) {
+		/* remove me from sb->s_files */
+		file_sb_list_del(file);
+		au_set_h_fptr(file, bindex, NULL);
+	}
+
+	au_finfo_fin(file);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static int au_do_flush_nondir(struct file *file, fl_owner_t id)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct file *h_file;
+
+	err = 0;
+	h_file = au_hf_top(file);
+	if (h_file)
+		err = vfsub_flush(h_file, id);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int aufs_flush_nondir(struct file *file, fl_owner_t id)
+{
+	return au_do_flush(file, id, au_do_flush_nondir);
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/*
+ * read and write functions acquire [fdi]_rwsem once, but release before
+ * mmap_sem. This is because to stop a race condition between mmap(2).
+ * Releasing these aufs-rwsem should be safe, no branch-mamagement (by keeping
+ * si_rwsem), no harmful copy-up should happen. Actually copy-up may happen in
+ * read functions after [fdi]_rwsem are released, but it should be harmless.
+ */
+
+static ssize_t aufs_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t count,
+			 loff_t *ppos)
+{
+	ssize_t err;
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+	struct file *h_file;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+
+	dentry = file->f_dentry;
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	si_read_lock(sb, AuLock_FLUSH | AuLock_NOPLMW);
+	err = au_reval_and_lock_fdi(file, au_reopen_nondir, /*wlock*/0);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	h_file = au_hf_top(file);
+	get_file(h_file);
+	di_read_unlock(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+	fi_read_unlock(file);
+
+	/* filedata may be obsoleted by concurrent copyup, but no problem */
+	err = vfsub_read_u(h_file, buf, count, ppos);
+	/* todo: necessary? */
+	/* file->f_ra = h_file->f_ra; */
+	/* update without lock, I don't think it a problem */
+	fsstack_copy_attr_atime(dentry->d_inode, h_file->f_dentry->d_inode);
+	fput(h_file);
+
+out:
+	si_read_unlock(sb);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * todo: very ugly
+ * it locks both of i_mutex and si_rwsem for read in safe.
+ * if the plink maintenance mode continues forever (that is the problem),
+ * may loop forever.
+ */
+static void au_mtx_and_read_lock(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
+
+	while (1) {
+		mutex_lock(&inode->i_mutex);
+		err = si_read_lock(sb, AuLock_FLUSH | AuLock_NOPLM);
+		if (!err)
+			break;
+		mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
+		si_read_lock(sb, AuLock_NOPLMW);
+		si_read_unlock(sb);
+	}
+}
+
+static ssize_t aufs_write(struct file *file, const char __user *ubuf,
+			  size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
+{
+	ssize_t err;
+	struct au_pin pin;
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct file *h_file;
+	char __user *buf = (char __user *)ubuf;
+
+	dentry = file->f_dentry;
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	inode = dentry->d_inode;
+	au_mtx_and_read_lock(inode);
+
+	err = au_reval_and_lock_fdi(file, au_reopen_nondir, /*wlock*/1);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = au_ready_to_write(file, -1, &pin);
+	di_downgrade_lock(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+	if (unlikely(err)) {
+		di_read_unlock(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+		fi_write_unlock(file);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	h_file = au_hf_top(file);
+	get_file(h_file);
+	au_unpin(&pin);
+	di_read_unlock(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+	fi_write_unlock(file);
+
+	err = vfsub_write_u(h_file, buf, count, ppos);
+	ii_write_lock_child(inode);
+	au_cpup_attr_timesizes(inode);
+	inode->i_mode = h_file->f_dentry->d_inode->i_mode;
+	ii_write_unlock(inode);
+	fput(h_file);
+
+out:
+	si_read_unlock(sb);
+	mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static ssize_t au_do_aio(struct file *h_file, int rw, struct kiocb *kio,
+			 const struct iovec *iov, unsigned long nv, loff_t pos)
+{
+	ssize_t err;
+	struct file *file;
+	ssize_t (*func)(struct kiocb *, const struct iovec *, unsigned long,
+			loff_t);
+
+	err = security_file_permission(h_file, rw);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = -ENOSYS;
+	func = NULL;
+	if (rw == MAY_READ)
+		func = h_file->f_op->aio_read;
+	else if (rw == MAY_WRITE)
+		func = h_file->f_op->aio_write;
+	if (func) {
+		file = kio->ki_filp;
+		kio->ki_filp = h_file;
+		lockdep_off();
+		err = func(kio, iov, nv, pos);
+		lockdep_on();
+		kio->ki_filp = file;
+	} else
+		/* currently there is no such fs */
+		WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static ssize_t aufs_aio_read(struct kiocb *kio, const struct iovec *iov,
+			     unsigned long nv, loff_t pos)
+{
+	ssize_t err;
+	struct file *file, *h_file;
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+
+	file = kio->ki_filp;
+	dentry = file->f_dentry;
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	si_read_lock(sb, AuLock_FLUSH | AuLock_NOPLMW);
+	err = au_reval_and_lock_fdi(file, au_reopen_nondir, /*wlock*/0);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	h_file = au_hf_top(file);
+	get_file(h_file);
+	di_read_unlock(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+	fi_read_unlock(file);
+
+	err = au_do_aio(h_file, MAY_READ, kio, iov, nv, pos);
+	/* todo: necessary? */
+	/* file->f_ra = h_file->f_ra; */
+	/* update without lock, I don't think it a problem */
+	fsstack_copy_attr_atime(dentry->d_inode, h_file->f_dentry->d_inode);
+	fput(h_file);
+
+out:
+	si_read_unlock(sb);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static ssize_t aufs_aio_write(struct kiocb *kio, const struct iovec *iov,
+			      unsigned long nv, loff_t pos)
+{
+	ssize_t err;
+	struct au_pin pin;
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct file *file, *h_file;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+
+	file = kio->ki_filp;
+	dentry = file->f_dentry;
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	inode = dentry->d_inode;
+	au_mtx_and_read_lock(inode);
+
+	err = au_reval_and_lock_fdi(file, au_reopen_nondir, /*wlock*/1);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = au_ready_to_write(file, -1, &pin);
+	di_downgrade_lock(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+	if (unlikely(err)) {
+		di_read_unlock(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+		fi_write_unlock(file);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	h_file = au_hf_top(file);
+	get_file(h_file);
+	au_unpin(&pin);
+	di_read_unlock(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+	fi_write_unlock(file);
+
+	err = au_do_aio(h_file, MAY_WRITE, kio, iov, nv, pos);
+	ii_write_lock_child(inode);
+	au_cpup_attr_timesizes(inode);
+	inode->i_mode = h_file->f_dentry->d_inode->i_mode;
+	ii_write_unlock(inode);
+	fput(h_file);
+
+out:
+	si_read_unlock(sb);
+	mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static ssize_t aufs_splice_read(struct file *file, loff_t *ppos,
+				struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, size_t len,
+				unsigned int flags)
+{
+	ssize_t err;
+	struct file *h_file;
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+
+	dentry = file->f_dentry;
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	si_read_lock(sb, AuLock_FLUSH | AuLock_NOPLMW);
+	err = au_reval_and_lock_fdi(file, au_reopen_nondir, /*wlock*/0);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = -EINVAL;
+	h_file = au_hf_top(file);
+	get_file(h_file);
+	if (au_test_loopback_kthread()) {
+		au_warn_loopback(h_file->f_dentry->d_sb);
+		if (file->f_mapping != h_file->f_mapping) {
+			file->f_mapping = h_file->f_mapping;
+			smp_mb(); /* unnecessary? */
+		}
+	}
+	di_read_unlock(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+	fi_read_unlock(file);
+
+	err = vfsub_splice_to(h_file, ppos, pipe, len, flags);
+	/* todo: necessasry? */
+	/* file->f_ra = h_file->f_ra; */
+	/* update without lock, I don't think it a problem */
+	fsstack_copy_attr_atime(dentry->d_inode, h_file->f_dentry->d_inode);
+	fput(h_file);
+
+out:
+	si_read_unlock(sb);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static ssize_t
+aufs_splice_write(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct file *file, loff_t *ppos,
+		  size_t len, unsigned int flags)
+{
+	ssize_t err;
+	struct au_pin pin;
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct file *h_file;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+
+	dentry = file->f_dentry;
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	inode = dentry->d_inode;
+	au_mtx_and_read_lock(inode);
+
+	err = au_reval_and_lock_fdi(file, au_reopen_nondir, /*wlock*/1);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = au_ready_to_write(file, -1, &pin);
+	di_downgrade_lock(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+	if (unlikely(err)) {
+		di_read_unlock(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+		fi_write_unlock(file);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	h_file = au_hf_top(file);
+	get_file(h_file);
+	au_unpin(&pin);
+	di_read_unlock(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+	fi_write_unlock(file);
+
+	err = vfsub_splice_from(pipe, h_file, ppos, len, flags);
+	ii_write_lock_child(inode);
+	au_cpup_attr_timesizes(inode);
+	inode->i_mode = h_file->f_dentry->d_inode->i_mode;
+	ii_write_unlock(inode);
+	fput(h_file);
+
+out:
+	si_read_unlock(sb);
+	mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/*
+ * The locking order around current->mmap_sem.
+ * - in most and regular cases
+ *   file I/O syscall -- aufs_read() or something
+ *	-- si_rwsem for read -- mmap_sem
+ *	(Note that [fdi]i_rwsem are released before mmap_sem).
+ * - in mmap case
+ *   mmap(2) -- mmap_sem -- aufs_mmap() -- si_rwsem for read -- [fdi]i_rwsem
+ * This AB-BA order is definitly bad, but is not a problem since "si_rwsem for
+ * read" allows muliple processes to acquire it and [fdi]i_rwsem are not held in
+ * file I/O. Aufs needs to stop lockdep in aufs_mmap() though.
+ * It means that when aufs acquires si_rwsem for write, the process should never
+ * acquire mmap_sem.
+ *
+ * Actually aufs_readdir() holds [fdi]i_rwsem before mmap_sem, but this is not a
+ * problem either since any directory is not able to be mmap-ed.
+ * The similar scenario is applied to aufs_readlink() too.
+ */
+
+/* cf. linux/include/linux/mman.h: calc_vm_prot_bits() */
+#define AuConv_VM_PROT(f, b)	_calc_vm_trans(f, VM_##b, PROT_##b)
+
+static unsigned long au_arch_prot_conv(unsigned long flags)
+{
+	/* currently ppc64 only */
+#ifdef CONFIG_PPC64
+	/* cf. linux/arch/powerpc/include/asm/mman.h */
+	AuDebugOn(arch_calc_vm_prot_bits(-1) != VM_SAO);
+	return AuConv_VM_PROT(flags, SAO);
+#else
+	AuDebugOn(arch_calc_vm_prot_bits(-1));
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static unsigned long au_prot_conv(unsigned long flags)
+{
+	return AuConv_VM_PROT(flags, READ)
+		| AuConv_VM_PROT(flags, WRITE)
+		| AuConv_VM_PROT(flags, EXEC)
+		| au_arch_prot_conv(flags);
+}
+
+/* cf. linux/include/linux/mman.h: calc_vm_flag_bits() */
+#define AuConv_VM_MAP(f, b)	_calc_vm_trans(f, VM_##b, MAP_##b)
+
+static unsigned long au_flag_conv(unsigned long flags)
+{
+	return AuConv_VM_MAP(flags, GROWSDOWN)
+		| AuConv_VM_MAP(flags, DENYWRITE)
+		| AuConv_VM_MAP(flags, EXECUTABLE)
+		| AuConv_VM_MAP(flags, LOCKED);
+}
+
+static int aufs_mmap(struct file *file, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
+{
+	int err;
+	unsigned long prot;
+	aufs_bindex_t bstart;
+	const unsigned char wlock
+		= (file->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE) && (vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED);
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct file *h_file;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+	struct au_pin pin;
+
+	AuDbgVmRegion(file, vma);
+
+	dentry = file->f_dentry;
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	lockdep_off();
+	si_read_lock(sb, AuLock_NOPLMW);
+	err = au_reval_and_lock_fdi(file, au_reopen_nondir, /*wlock*/1);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	if (wlock) {
+		err = au_ready_to_write(file, -1, &pin);
+		di_write_unlock(dentry);
+		if (unlikely(err)) {
+			fi_write_unlock(file);
+			goto out;
+		}
+		au_unpin(&pin);
+	} else
+		di_write_unlock(dentry);
+
+	bstart = au_fbstart(file);
+	br = au_sbr(sb, bstart);
+	h_file = au_hf_top(file);
+	get_file(h_file);
+	au_set_mmapped(file);
+	fi_write_unlock(file);
+	lockdep_on();
+
+	au_vm_file_reset(vma, h_file);
+	prot = au_prot_conv(vma->vm_flags);
+	err = security_file_mmap(h_file, /*reqprot*/prot, prot,
+				 au_flag_conv(vma->vm_flags), vma->vm_start, 0);
+	if (!err)
+		err = h_file->f_op->mmap(h_file, vma);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_reset;
+
+	au_vm_prfile_set(vma, file);
+	/* update without lock, I don't think it a problem */
+	fsstack_copy_attr_atime(file->f_dentry->d_inode,
+				h_file->f_dentry->d_inode);
+	goto out_fput; /* success */
+
+out_reset:
+	au_unset_mmapped(file);
+	au_vm_file_reset(vma, file);
+out_fput:
+	fput(h_file);
+	lockdep_off();
+out:
+	si_read_unlock(sb);
+	lockdep_on();
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static int aufs_fsync_nondir(struct file *file, loff_t start, loff_t end,
+			     int datasync)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct au_pin pin;
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct file *h_file;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+
+	dentry = file->f_dentry;
+	inode = dentry->d_inode;
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	mutex_lock(&inode->i_mutex);
+	err = si_read_lock(sb, AuLock_FLUSH | AuLock_NOPLM);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = 0; /* -EBADF; */ /* posix? */
+	if (unlikely(!(file->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE)))
+		goto out_si;
+	err = au_reval_and_lock_fdi(file, au_reopen_nondir, /*wlock*/1);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_si;
+
+	err = au_ready_to_write(file, -1, &pin);
+	di_downgrade_lock(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_unlock;
+	au_unpin(&pin);
+
+	err = -EINVAL;
+	h_file = au_hf_top(file);
+	err = vfsub_fsync(h_file, &h_file->f_path, datasync);
+	au_cpup_attr_timesizes(inode);
+
+out_unlock:
+	di_read_unlock(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+	fi_write_unlock(file);
+out_si:
+	si_read_unlock(sb);
+out:
+	mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* no one supports this operation, currently */
+#if 0
+static int aufs_aio_fsync_nondir(struct kiocb *kio, int datasync)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct au_pin pin;
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct file *file, *h_file;
+
+	file = kio->ki_filp;
+	dentry = file->f_dentry;
+	inode = dentry->d_inode;
+	au_mtx_and_read_lock(inode);
+
+	err = 0; /* -EBADF; */ /* posix? */
+	if (unlikely(!(file->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE)))
+		goto out;
+	err = au_reval_and_lock_fdi(file, au_reopen_nondir, /*wlock*/1);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = au_ready_to_write(file, -1, &pin);
+	di_downgrade_lock(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_unlock;
+	au_unpin(&pin);
+
+	err = -ENOSYS;
+	h_file = au_hf_top(file);
+	if (h_file->f_op && h_file->f_op->aio_fsync) {
+		struct dentry *h_d;
+		struct mutex *h_mtx;
+
+		h_d = h_file->f_dentry;
+		h_mtx = &h_d->d_inode->i_mutex;
+		if (!is_sync_kiocb(kio)) {
+			get_file(h_file);
+			fput(file);
+		}
+		kio->ki_filp = h_file;
+		err = h_file->f_op->aio_fsync(kio, datasync);
+		mutex_lock_nested(h_mtx, AuLsc_I_CHILD);
+		if (!err)
+			vfsub_update_h_iattr(&h_file->f_path, /*did*/NULL);
+		/*ignore*/
+		au_cpup_attr_timesizes(inode);
+		mutex_unlock(h_mtx);
+	}
+
+out_unlock:
+	di_read_unlock(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+	fi_write_unlock(file);
+out:
+	si_read_unlock(inode->sb);
+	mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
+	return err;
+}
+#endif
+
+static int aufs_fasync(int fd, struct file *file, int flag)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct file *h_file;
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+
+	dentry = file->f_dentry;
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	si_read_lock(sb, AuLock_FLUSH | AuLock_NOPLMW);
+	err = au_reval_and_lock_fdi(file, au_reopen_nondir, /*wlock*/0);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	h_file = au_hf_top(file);
+	if (h_file->f_op && h_file->f_op->fasync)
+		err = h_file->f_op->fasync(fd, h_file, flag);
+
+	di_read_unlock(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+	fi_read_unlock(file);
+
+out:
+	si_read_unlock(sb);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* no one supports this operation, currently */
+#if 0
+static ssize_t aufs_sendpage(struct file *file, struct page *page, int offset,
+			     size_t len, loff_t *pos , int more)
+{
+}
+#endif
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+const struct file_operations aufs_file_fop = {
+	.owner		= THIS_MODULE,
+
+	.llseek		= default_llseek,
+
+	.read		= aufs_read,
+	.write		= aufs_write,
+	.aio_read	= aufs_aio_read,
+	.aio_write	= aufs_aio_write,
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_POLL
+	.poll		= aufs_poll,
+#endif
+	.unlocked_ioctl	= aufs_ioctl_nondir,
+#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
+	.compat_ioctl	= aufs_ioctl_nondir, /* same */
+#endif
+	.mmap		= aufs_mmap,
+	.open		= aufs_open_nondir,
+	.flush		= aufs_flush_nondir,
+	.release	= aufs_release_nondir,
+	.fsync		= aufs_fsync_nondir,
+	/* .aio_fsync	= aufs_aio_fsync_nondir, */
+	.fasync		= aufs_fasync,
+	/* .sendpage	= aufs_sendpage, */
+	.splice_write	= aufs_splice_write,
+	.splice_read	= aufs_splice_read,
+#if 0
+	.aio_splice_write = aufs_aio_splice_write,
+	.aio_splice_read  = aufs_aio_splice_read
+#endif
+};
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/f_op_sp.c b/ubuntu/aufs/f_op_sp.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..48b8aa18af27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/f_op_sp.c
@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * file operations for special files.
+ * while they exist in aufs virtually,
+ * their file I/O is handled out of aufs.
+ */
+
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+static ssize_t aufs_aio_read_sp(struct kiocb *kio, const struct iovec *iov,
+				unsigned long nv, loff_t pos)
+{
+	ssize_t err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bstart;
+	unsigned char wbr;
+	struct file *file, *h_file;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+
+	file = kio->ki_filp;
+	sb = file->f_dentry->d_sb;
+	si_read_lock(sb, AuLock_FLUSH);
+	fi_read_lock(file);
+	bstart = au_fbstart(file);
+	h_file = au_hf_top(file);
+	fi_read_unlock(file);
+	wbr = !!au_br_writable(au_sbr(sb, bstart)->br_perm);
+	si_read_unlock(sb);
+
+	/* do not change the file in kio */
+	AuDebugOn(!h_file->f_op || !h_file->f_op->aio_read);
+	err = h_file->f_op->aio_read(kio, iov, nv, pos);
+	if (err > 0 && wbr)
+		file_accessed(h_file);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static ssize_t aufs_aio_write_sp(struct kiocb *kio, const struct iovec *iov,
+				 unsigned long nv, loff_t pos)
+{
+	ssize_t err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bstart;
+	unsigned char wbr;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct file *file, *h_file;
+
+	file = kio->ki_filp;
+	sb = file->f_dentry->d_sb;
+	si_read_lock(sb, AuLock_FLUSH);
+	fi_read_lock(file);
+	bstart = au_fbstart(file);
+	h_file = au_hf_top(file);
+	fi_read_unlock(file);
+	wbr = !!au_br_writable(au_sbr(sb, bstart)->br_perm);
+	si_read_unlock(sb);
+
+	/* do not change the file in kio */
+	AuDebugOn(!h_file->f_op || !h_file->f_op->aio_write);
+	err = h_file->f_op->aio_write(kio, iov, nv, pos);
+	if (err > 0 && wbr)
+		file_update_time(h_file);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static int aufs_release_sp(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct file *h_file;
+
+	fi_read_lock(file);
+	h_file = au_hf_top(file);
+	fi_read_unlock(file);
+	/* close this fifo in aufs */
+	err = h_file->f_op->release(inode, file); /* ignore */
+	aufs_release_nondir(inode, file); /* ignore */
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* currently, support only FIFO */
+enum {
+	AuSp_FIFO, AuSp_FIFO_R, AuSp_FIFO_W, AuSp_FIFO_RW,
+	/* AuSp_SOCK, AuSp_CHR, AuSp_BLK, */
+	AuSp_Last
+};
+static int aufs_open_sp(struct inode *inode, struct file *file);
+static struct au_sp_fop {
+	int			done;
+	struct file_operations	fop;	/* not 'const' */
+	spinlock_t		spin;
+} au_sp_fop[AuSp_Last] = {
+	[AuSp_FIFO] = {
+		.fop	= {
+			.owner	= THIS_MODULE,
+			.open	= aufs_open_sp
+		}
+	}
+};
+
+static void au_init_fop_sp(struct file *file)
+{
+	struct au_sp_fop *p;
+	int i;
+	struct file *h_file;
+
+	p = au_sp_fop;
+	if (unlikely(!p->done)) {
+		/* initialize first time only */
+		static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(spin);
+
+		spin_lock(&spin);
+		if (!p->done) {
+			BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(au_sp_fop)/sizeof(*au_sp_fop)
+				     != AuSp_Last);
+			for (i = 0; i < AuSp_Last; i++)
+				spin_lock_init(&p[i].spin);
+			p->done = 1;
+		}
+		spin_unlock(&spin);
+	}
+
+	switch (file->f_mode & (FMODE_READ | FMODE_WRITE)) {
+	case FMODE_READ:
+		i = AuSp_FIFO_R;
+		break;
+	case FMODE_WRITE:
+		i = AuSp_FIFO_W;
+		break;
+	case FMODE_READ | FMODE_WRITE:
+		i = AuSp_FIFO_RW;
+		break;
+	default:
+		BUG();
+	}
+
+	p += i;
+	if (unlikely(!p->done)) {
+		/* initialize first time only */
+		h_file = au_hf_top(file);
+		spin_lock(&p->spin);
+		if (!p->done) {
+			p->fop = *h_file->f_op;
+			p->fop.owner = THIS_MODULE;
+			if (p->fop.aio_read)
+				p->fop.aio_read = aufs_aio_read_sp;
+			if (p->fop.aio_write)
+				p->fop.aio_write = aufs_aio_write_sp;
+			p->fop.release = aufs_release_sp;
+			p->done = 1;
+		}
+		spin_unlock(&p->spin);
+	}
+	file->f_op = &p->fop;
+}
+
+static int au_cpup_sp(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bcpup;
+	struct au_pin pin;
+	struct au_wr_dir_args wr_dir_args = {
+		.force_btgt	= -1,
+		.flags		= 0
+	};
+
+	AuDbg("%.*s\n", AuDLNPair(dentry));
+
+	di_read_unlock(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+	di_write_lock_child(dentry);
+	err = au_wr_dir(dentry, /*src_dentry*/NULL, &wr_dir_args);
+	if (unlikely(err < 0))
+		goto out;
+	bcpup = err;
+	err = 0;
+	if (bcpup == au_dbstart(dentry))
+		goto out; /* success */
+
+	err = au_pin(&pin, dentry, bcpup, au_opt_udba(dentry->d_sb),
+		     AuPin_MNT_WRITE);
+	if (!err) {
+		err = au_sio_cpup_simple(dentry, bcpup, -1, AuCpup_DTIME);
+		au_unpin(&pin);
+	}
+
+out:
+	di_downgrade_lock(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int au_do_open_sp(struct file *file, int flags)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct file *h_file;
+	struct inode *h_inode;
+
+	dentry = file->f_dentry;
+	AuDbg("%.*s\n", AuDLNPair(dentry));
+
+	/*
+	 * try copying-up.
+	 * operate on the ro branch is not an error.
+	 */
+	au_cpup_sp(dentry); /* ignore */
+
+	/* prepare h_file */
+	err = au_do_open_nondir(file, vfsub_file_flags(file));
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	h_file = au_hf_top(file);
+	h_inode = h_file->f_dentry->d_inode;
+	di_read_unlock(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+	fi_write_unlock(file);
+	si_read_unlock(sb);
+	/* open this fifo in aufs */
+	err = h_inode->i_fop->open(file->f_dentry->d_inode, file);
+	si_noflush_read_lock(sb);
+	fi_write_lock(file);
+	di_read_lock_child(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+	if (!err)
+		au_init_fop_sp(file);
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int aufs_open_sp(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+
+	sb = file->f_dentry->d_sb;
+	si_read_lock(sb, AuLock_FLUSH);
+	err = au_do_open(file, au_do_open_sp, /*fidir*/NULL);
+	si_read_unlock(sb);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+void au_init_special_fop(struct inode *inode, umode_t mode, dev_t rdev)
+{
+	init_special_inode(inode, mode, rdev);
+
+	switch (mode & S_IFMT) {
+	case S_IFIFO:
+		inode->i_fop = &au_sp_fop[AuSp_FIFO].fop;
+		/*FALLTHROUGH*/
+	case S_IFCHR:
+	case S_IFBLK:
+	case S_IFSOCK:
+		break;
+	default:
+		AuDebugOn(1);
+	}
+}
+
+int au_special_file(umode_t mode)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = 0;
+	switch (mode & S_IFMT) {
+	case S_IFIFO:
+#if 0
+	case S_IFCHR:
+	case S_IFBLK:
+	case S_IFSOCK:
+#endif
+		ret = 1;
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/file.c b/ubuntu/aufs/file.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0b9aa487f012
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/file.c
@@ -0,0 +1,673 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * handling file/dir, and address_space operation
+ */
+
+#include <linux/pagemap.h>
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+/* drop flags for writing */
+unsigned int au_file_roflags(unsigned int flags)
+{
+	flags &= ~(O_WRONLY | O_RDWR | O_APPEND | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC);
+	flags |= O_RDONLY | O_NOATIME;
+	return flags;
+}
+
+/* common functions to regular file and dir */
+struct file *au_h_open(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bindex, int flags,
+		       struct file *file)
+{
+	struct file *h_file;
+	struct dentry *h_dentry;
+	struct inode *h_inode;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+	struct path h_path;
+	int err, exec_flag;
+
+	/* a race condition can happen between open and unlink/rmdir */
+	h_file = ERR_PTR(-ENOENT);
+	h_dentry = au_h_dptr(dentry, bindex);
+	if (au_test_nfsd() && !h_dentry)
+		goto out;
+	h_inode = h_dentry->d_inode;
+	if (au_test_nfsd() && !h_inode)
+		goto out;
+	spin_lock(&h_dentry->d_lock);
+	err = (!d_unhashed(dentry) && d_unlinked(h_dentry))
+		|| !h_inode
+		/* || !dentry->d_inode->i_nlink */
+		;
+	spin_unlock(&h_dentry->d_lock);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	br = au_sbr(sb, bindex);
+	h_file = ERR_PTR(-EACCES);
+	exec_flag = flags & __FMODE_EXEC;
+	if (exec_flag && (br->br_mnt->mnt_flags & MNT_NOEXEC))
+		goto out;
+
+	/* drop flags for writing */
+	if (au_test_ro(sb, bindex, dentry->d_inode))
+		flags = au_file_roflags(flags);
+	flags &= ~O_CREAT;
+	atomic_inc(&br->br_count);
+	h_path.dentry = h_dentry;
+	h_path.mnt = br->br_mnt;
+	if (!au_special_file(h_inode->i_mode))
+		h_file = vfsub_dentry_open(&h_path, flags);
+	else {
+		/* this block depends upon the configuration */
+		di_read_unlock(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+		fi_write_unlock(file);
+		si_read_unlock(sb);
+		h_file = vfsub_dentry_open(&h_path, flags);
+		si_noflush_read_lock(sb);
+		fi_write_lock(file);
+		di_read_lock_child(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+	}
+	if (IS_ERR(h_file))
+		goto out_br;
+
+	if (exec_flag) {
+		err = deny_write_access(h_file);
+		if (unlikely(err)) {
+			fput(h_file);
+			h_file = ERR_PTR(err);
+			goto out_br;
+		}
+	}
+	fsnotify_open(h_file);
+	goto out; /* success */
+
+out_br:
+	atomic_dec(&br->br_count);
+out:
+	return h_file;
+}
+
+int au_do_open(struct file *file, int (*open)(struct file *file, int flags),
+	       struct au_fidir *fidir)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+
+	err = au_finfo_init(file, fidir);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	dentry = file->f_dentry;
+	di_read_lock_child(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+	err = open(file, vfsub_file_flags(file));
+	di_read_unlock(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+
+	fi_write_unlock(file);
+	if (unlikely(err)) {
+		au_fi(file)->fi_hdir = NULL;
+		au_finfo_fin(file);
+	}
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+int au_reopen_nondir(struct file *file)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bstart;
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+	struct file *h_file, *h_file_tmp;
+
+	dentry = file->f_dentry;
+	AuDebugOn(au_special_file(dentry->d_inode->i_mode));
+	bstart = au_dbstart(dentry);
+	h_file_tmp = NULL;
+	if (au_fbstart(file) == bstart) {
+		h_file = au_hf_top(file);
+		if (file->f_mode == h_file->f_mode)
+			return 0; /* success */
+		h_file_tmp = h_file;
+		get_file(h_file_tmp);
+		au_set_h_fptr(file, bstart, NULL);
+	}
+	AuDebugOn(au_fi(file)->fi_hdir);
+	AuDebugOn(au_fbstart(file) < bstart);
+
+	h_file = au_h_open(dentry, bstart, vfsub_file_flags(file) & ~O_TRUNC,
+			   file);
+	err = PTR_ERR(h_file);
+	if (IS_ERR(h_file))
+		goto out; /* todo: close all? */
+
+	err = 0;
+	au_set_fbstart(file, bstart);
+	au_set_h_fptr(file, bstart, h_file);
+	au_update_figen(file);
+	/* todo: necessary? */
+	/* file->f_ra = h_file->f_ra; */
+
+out:
+	if (h_file_tmp)
+		fput(h_file_tmp);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static int au_reopen_wh(struct file *file, aufs_bindex_t btgt,
+			struct dentry *hi_wh)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bstart;
+	struct au_dinfo *dinfo;
+	struct dentry *h_dentry;
+	struct au_hdentry *hdp;
+
+	dinfo = au_di(file->f_dentry);
+	AuRwMustWriteLock(&dinfo->di_rwsem);
+
+	bstart = dinfo->di_bstart;
+	dinfo->di_bstart = btgt;
+	hdp = dinfo->di_hdentry;
+	h_dentry = hdp[0 + btgt].hd_dentry;
+	hdp[0 + btgt].hd_dentry = hi_wh;
+	err = au_reopen_nondir(file);
+	hdp[0 + btgt].hd_dentry = h_dentry;
+	dinfo->di_bstart = bstart;
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int au_ready_to_write_wh(struct file *file, loff_t len,
+				aufs_bindex_t bcpup)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct inode *inode, *h_inode;
+	struct dentry *dentry, *h_dentry, *hi_wh;
+
+	dentry = file->f_dentry;
+	au_update_dbstart(dentry);
+	inode = dentry->d_inode;
+	h_inode = NULL;
+	if (au_dbstart(dentry) <= bcpup && au_dbend(dentry) >= bcpup) {
+		h_dentry = au_h_dptr(dentry, bcpup);
+		if (h_dentry)
+			h_inode = h_dentry->d_inode;
+	}
+	hi_wh = au_hi_wh(inode, bcpup);
+	if (!hi_wh && !h_inode)
+		err = au_sio_cpup_wh(dentry, bcpup, len, file);
+	else
+		/* already copied-up after unlink */
+		err = au_reopen_wh(file, bcpup, hi_wh);
+
+	if (!err
+	    && inode->i_nlink > 1
+	    && au_opt_test(au_mntflags(dentry->d_sb), PLINK))
+		au_plink_append(inode, bcpup, au_h_dptr(dentry, bcpup));
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * prepare the @file for writing.
+ */
+int au_ready_to_write(struct file *file, loff_t len, struct au_pin *pin)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bstart, bcpup, dbstart;
+	struct dentry *dentry, *parent, *h_dentry;
+	struct inode *h_inode, *inode;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct file *h_file;
+
+	dentry = file->f_dentry;
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	inode = dentry->d_inode;
+	AuDebugOn(au_special_file(inode->i_mode));
+	bstart = au_fbstart(file);
+	err = au_test_ro(sb, bstart, inode);
+	if (!err && (au_hf_top(file)->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE)) {
+		err = au_pin(pin, dentry, bstart, AuOpt_UDBA_NONE, /*flags*/0);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* need to cpup or reopen */
+	parent = dget_parent(dentry);
+	di_write_lock_parent(parent);
+	err = AuWbrCopyup(au_sbi(sb), dentry);
+	bcpup = err;
+	if (unlikely(err < 0))
+		goto out_dgrade;
+	err = 0;
+
+	if (!d_unhashed(dentry) && !au_h_dptr(parent, bcpup)) {
+		err = au_cpup_dirs(dentry, bcpup);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out_dgrade;
+	}
+
+	err = au_pin(pin, dentry, bcpup, AuOpt_UDBA_NONE,
+		     AuPin_DI_LOCKED | AuPin_MNT_WRITE);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_dgrade;
+
+	h_dentry = au_hf_top(file)->f_dentry;
+	h_inode = h_dentry->d_inode;
+	dbstart = au_dbstart(dentry);
+	if (dbstart <= bcpup) {
+		h_dentry = au_h_dptr(dentry, bcpup);
+		AuDebugOn(!h_dentry);
+		h_inode = h_dentry->d_inode;
+		AuDebugOn(!h_inode);
+		bstart = bcpup;
+	}
+
+	if (dbstart <= bcpup		/* just reopen */
+	    || !d_unhashed(dentry)	/* copyup and reopen */
+		) {
+		mutex_lock_nested(&h_inode->i_mutex, AuLsc_I_CHILD);
+		h_file = au_h_open_pre(dentry, bstart);
+		if (IS_ERR(h_file)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(h_file);
+			h_file = NULL;
+		} else {
+			di_downgrade_lock(parent, AuLock_IR);
+			if (dbstart > bcpup)
+				err = au_sio_cpup_simple(dentry, bcpup, len,
+							 AuCpup_DTIME);
+			if (!err)
+				err = au_reopen_nondir(file);
+		}
+		mutex_unlock(&h_inode->i_mutex);
+		au_h_open_post(dentry, bstart, h_file);
+	} else {			/* copyup as wh and reopen */
+		/*
+		 * since writable hfsplus branch is not supported,
+		 * h_open_pre/post() are unnecessary.
+		 */
+		mutex_lock_nested(&h_inode->i_mutex, AuLsc_I_CHILD);
+		err = au_ready_to_write_wh(file, len, bcpup);
+		di_downgrade_lock(parent, AuLock_IR);
+		mutex_unlock(&h_inode->i_mutex);
+	}
+
+	if (!err) {
+		au_pin_set_parent_lflag(pin, /*lflag*/0);
+		goto out_dput; /* success */
+	}
+	au_unpin(pin);
+	goto out_unlock;
+
+out_dgrade:
+	di_downgrade_lock(parent, AuLock_IR);
+out_unlock:
+	di_read_unlock(parent, AuLock_IR);
+out_dput:
+	dput(parent);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+int au_do_flush(struct file *file, fl_owner_t id,
+		int (*flush)(struct file *file, fl_owner_t id))
+{
+	int err;
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct inode *inode;
+
+	dentry = file->f_dentry;
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	inode = dentry->d_inode;
+	si_noflush_read_lock(sb);
+	fi_read_lock(file);
+	ii_read_lock_child(inode);
+
+	err = flush(file, id);
+	au_cpup_attr_timesizes(inode);
+
+	ii_read_unlock(inode);
+	fi_read_unlock(file);
+	si_read_unlock(sb);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static int au_file_refresh_by_inode(struct file *file, int *need_reopen)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bstart;
+	struct au_pin pin;
+	struct au_finfo *finfo;
+	struct dentry *dentry, *parent, *hi_wh;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+
+	FiMustWriteLock(file);
+
+	err = 0;
+	finfo = au_fi(file);
+	dentry = file->f_dentry;
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	inode = dentry->d_inode;
+	bstart = au_ibstart(inode);
+	if (bstart == finfo->fi_btop || IS_ROOT(dentry))
+		goto out;
+
+	parent = dget_parent(dentry);
+	if (au_test_ro(sb, bstart, inode)) {
+		di_read_lock_parent(parent, !AuLock_IR);
+		err = AuWbrCopyup(au_sbi(sb), dentry);
+		bstart = err;
+		di_read_unlock(parent, !AuLock_IR);
+		if (unlikely(err < 0))
+			goto out_parent;
+		err = 0;
+	}
+
+	di_read_lock_parent(parent, AuLock_IR);
+	hi_wh = au_hi_wh(inode, bstart);
+	if (!S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode)
+	    && au_opt_test(au_mntflags(sb), PLINK)
+	    && au_plink_test(inode)
+	    && !d_unhashed(dentry)) {
+		err = au_test_and_cpup_dirs(dentry, bstart);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out_unlock;
+
+		/* always superio. */
+		err = au_pin(&pin, dentry, bstart, AuOpt_UDBA_NONE,
+			     AuPin_DI_LOCKED | AuPin_MNT_WRITE);
+		if (!err)
+			err = au_sio_cpup_simple(dentry, bstart, -1,
+						 AuCpup_DTIME);
+		au_unpin(&pin);
+	} else if (hi_wh) {
+		/* already copied-up after unlink */
+		err = au_reopen_wh(file, bstart, hi_wh);
+		*need_reopen = 0;
+	}
+
+out_unlock:
+	di_read_unlock(parent, AuLock_IR);
+out_parent:
+	dput(parent);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static void au_do_refresh_dir(struct file *file)
+{
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, bend, new_bindex, brid;
+	struct au_hfile *p, tmp, *q;
+	struct au_finfo *finfo;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct au_fidir *fidir;
+
+	FiMustWriteLock(file);
+
+	sb = file->f_dentry->d_sb;
+	finfo = au_fi(file);
+	fidir = finfo->fi_hdir;
+	AuDebugOn(!fidir);
+	p = fidir->fd_hfile + finfo->fi_btop;
+	brid = p->hf_br->br_id;
+	bend = fidir->fd_bbot;
+	for (bindex = finfo->fi_btop; bindex <= bend; bindex++, p++) {
+		if (!p->hf_file)
+			continue;
+
+		new_bindex = au_br_index(sb, p->hf_br->br_id);
+		if (new_bindex == bindex)
+			continue;
+		if (new_bindex < 0) {
+			au_set_h_fptr(file, bindex, NULL);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* swap two lower inode, and loop again */
+		q = fidir->fd_hfile + new_bindex;
+		tmp = *q;
+		*q = *p;
+		*p = tmp;
+		if (tmp.hf_file) {
+			bindex--;
+			p--;
+		}
+	}
+
+	p = fidir->fd_hfile;
+	if (!au_test_mmapped(file) && !d_unlinked(file->f_dentry)) {
+		bend = au_sbend(sb);
+		for (finfo->fi_btop = 0; finfo->fi_btop <= bend;
+		     finfo->fi_btop++, p++)
+			if (p->hf_file) {
+				if (p->hf_file->f_dentry
+				    && p->hf_file->f_dentry->d_inode)
+					break;
+				else
+					au_hfput(p, file);
+			}
+	} else {
+		bend = au_br_index(sb, brid);
+		for (finfo->fi_btop = 0; finfo->fi_btop < bend;
+		     finfo->fi_btop++, p++)
+			if (p->hf_file)
+				au_hfput(p, file);
+		bend = au_sbend(sb);
+	}
+
+	p = fidir->fd_hfile + bend;
+	for (fidir->fd_bbot = bend; fidir->fd_bbot >= finfo->fi_btop;
+	     fidir->fd_bbot--, p--)
+		if (p->hf_file) {
+			if (p->hf_file->f_dentry
+			    && p->hf_file->f_dentry->d_inode)
+				break;
+			else
+				au_hfput(p, file);
+		}
+	AuDebugOn(fidir->fd_bbot < finfo->fi_btop);
+}
+
+/*
+ * after branch manipulating, refresh the file.
+ */
+static int refresh_file(struct file *file, int (*reopen)(struct file *file))
+{
+	int err, need_reopen;
+	aufs_bindex_t bend, bindex;
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+	struct au_finfo *finfo;
+	struct au_hfile *hfile;
+
+	dentry = file->f_dentry;
+	finfo = au_fi(file);
+	if (!finfo->fi_hdir) {
+		hfile = &finfo->fi_htop;
+		AuDebugOn(!hfile->hf_file);
+		bindex = au_br_index(dentry->d_sb, hfile->hf_br->br_id);
+		AuDebugOn(bindex < 0);
+		if (bindex != finfo->fi_btop)
+			au_set_fbstart(file, bindex);
+	} else {
+		err = au_fidir_realloc(finfo, au_sbend(dentry->d_sb) + 1);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out;
+		au_do_refresh_dir(file);
+	}
+
+	err = 0;
+	need_reopen = 1;
+	if (!au_test_mmapped(file))
+		err = au_file_refresh_by_inode(file, &need_reopen);
+	if (!err && need_reopen && !d_unlinked(dentry))
+		err = reopen(file);
+	if (!err) {
+		au_update_figen(file);
+		goto out; /* success */
+	}
+
+	/* error, close all lower files */
+	if (finfo->fi_hdir) {
+		bend = au_fbend_dir(file);
+		for (bindex = au_fbstart(file); bindex <= bend; bindex++)
+			au_set_h_fptr(file, bindex, NULL);
+	}
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* common function to regular file and dir */
+int au_reval_and_lock_fdi(struct file *file, int (*reopen)(struct file *file),
+			  int wlock)
+{
+	int err;
+	unsigned int sigen, figen;
+	aufs_bindex_t bstart;
+	unsigned char pseudo_link;
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+	struct inode *inode;
+
+	err = 0;
+	dentry = file->f_dentry;
+	inode = dentry->d_inode;
+	AuDebugOn(au_special_file(inode->i_mode));
+	sigen = au_sigen(dentry->d_sb);
+	fi_write_lock(file);
+	figen = au_figen(file);
+	di_write_lock_child(dentry);
+	bstart = au_dbstart(dentry);
+	pseudo_link = (bstart != au_ibstart(inode));
+	if (sigen == figen && !pseudo_link && au_fbstart(file) == bstart) {
+		if (!wlock) {
+			di_downgrade_lock(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+			fi_downgrade_lock(file);
+		}
+		goto out; /* success */
+	}
+
+	AuDbg("sigen %d, figen %d\n", sigen, figen);
+	if (au_digen_test(dentry, sigen)) {
+		err = au_reval_dpath(dentry, sigen);
+		AuDebugOn(!err && au_digen_test(dentry, sigen));
+	}
+
+	if (!err)
+		err = refresh_file(file, reopen);
+	if (!err) {
+		if (!wlock) {
+			di_downgrade_lock(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+			fi_downgrade_lock(file);
+		}
+	} else {
+		di_write_unlock(dentry);
+		fi_write_unlock(file);
+	}
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* cf. aufs_nopage() */
+/* for madvise(2) */
+static int aufs_readpage(struct file *file __maybe_unused, struct page *page)
+{
+	unlock_page(page);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* it will never be called, but necessary to support O_DIRECT */
+static ssize_t aufs_direct_IO(int rw, struct kiocb *iocb,
+			      const struct iovec *iov, loff_t offset,
+			      unsigned long nr_segs)
+{ BUG(); return 0; }
+
+/*
+ * it will never be called, but madvise and fadvise behaves differently
+ * when get_xip_mem is defined
+ */
+static int aufs_get_xip_mem(struct address_space *mapping, pgoff_t pgoff,
+			    int create, void **kmem, unsigned long *pfn)
+{ BUG(); return 0; }
+
+/* they will never be called. */
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_DEBUG
+static int aufs_write_begin(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping,
+			    loff_t pos, unsigned len, unsigned flags,
+			    struct page **pagep, void **fsdata)
+{ AuUnsupport(); return 0; }
+static int aufs_write_end(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping,
+			  loff_t pos, unsigned len, unsigned copied,
+			  struct page *page, void *fsdata)
+{ AuUnsupport(); return 0; }
+static int aufs_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc)
+{ AuUnsupport(); return 0; }
+
+static int aufs_set_page_dirty(struct page *page)
+{ AuUnsupport(); return 0; }
+static void aufs_invalidatepage(struct page *page, unsigned long offset)
+{ AuUnsupport(); }
+static int aufs_releasepage(struct page *page, gfp_t gfp)
+{ AuUnsupport(); return 0; }
+static int aufs_migratepage(struct address_space *mapping, struct page *newpage,
+			    struct page *page)
+{ AuUnsupport(); return 0; }
+static int aufs_launder_page(struct page *page)
+{ AuUnsupport(); return 0; }
+static int aufs_is_partially_uptodate(struct page *page,
+				      read_descriptor_t *desc,
+				      unsigned long from)
+{ AuUnsupport(); return 0; }
+static int aufs_error_remove_page(struct address_space *mapping,
+				  struct page *page)
+{ AuUnsupport(); return 0; }
+#endif /* CONFIG_AUFS_DEBUG */
+
+const struct address_space_operations aufs_aop = {
+	.readpage		= aufs_readpage,
+	.direct_IO		= aufs_direct_IO,
+	.get_xip_mem		= aufs_get_xip_mem,
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_DEBUG
+	.writepage		= aufs_writepage,
+	/* no writepages, because of writepage */
+	.set_page_dirty		= aufs_set_page_dirty,
+	/* no readpages, because of readpage */
+	.write_begin		= aufs_write_begin,
+	.write_end		= aufs_write_end,
+	/* no bmap, no block device */
+	.invalidatepage		= aufs_invalidatepage,
+	.releasepage		= aufs_releasepage,
+	.migratepage		= aufs_migratepage,
+	.launder_page		= aufs_launder_page,
+	.is_partially_uptodate	= aufs_is_partially_uptodate,
+	.error_remove_page	= aufs_error_remove_page
+#endif /* CONFIG_AUFS_DEBUG */
+};
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/file.h b/ubuntu/aufs/file.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8bd6e3bab1a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/file.h
@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * file operations
+ */
+
+#ifndef __AUFS_FILE_H__
+#define __AUFS_FILE_H__
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+
+#include <linux/file.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/poll.h>
+#include "rwsem.h"
+
+struct au_branch;
+struct au_hfile {
+	struct file		*hf_file;
+	struct au_branch	*hf_br;
+};
+
+struct au_vdir;
+struct au_fidir {
+	aufs_bindex_t		fd_bbot;
+	aufs_bindex_t		fd_nent;
+	struct au_vdir		*fd_vdir_cache;
+	struct au_hfile		fd_hfile[];
+};
+
+static inline int au_fidir_sz(int nent)
+{
+	AuDebugOn(nent < 0);
+	return sizeof(struct au_fidir) + sizeof(struct au_hfile) * nent;
+}
+
+struct au_finfo {
+	atomic_t		fi_generation;
+
+	struct au_rwsem		fi_rwsem;
+	aufs_bindex_t		fi_btop;
+
+	/* do not union them */
+	struct {				/* for non-dir */
+		struct au_hfile			fi_htop;
+		atomic_t			fi_mmapped;
+	};
+	struct au_fidir		*fi_hdir;	/* for dir only */
+} ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* file.c */
+extern const struct address_space_operations aufs_aop;
+unsigned int au_file_roflags(unsigned int flags);
+struct file *au_h_open(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bindex, int flags,
+		       struct file *file);
+int au_do_open(struct file *file, int (*open)(struct file *file, int flags),
+	       struct au_fidir *fidir);
+int au_reopen_nondir(struct file *file);
+struct au_pin;
+int au_ready_to_write(struct file *file, loff_t len, struct au_pin *pin);
+int au_reval_and_lock_fdi(struct file *file, int (*reopen)(struct file *file),
+			  int wlock);
+int au_do_flush(struct file *file, fl_owner_t id,
+		int (*flush)(struct file *file, fl_owner_t id));
+
+/* poll.c */
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_POLL
+unsigned int aufs_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_BR_HFSPLUS
+/* hfsplus.c */
+struct file *au_h_open_pre(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bindex);
+void au_h_open_post(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+		    struct file *h_file);
+#else
+static inline
+struct file *au_h_open_pre(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+AuStubVoid(au_h_open_post, struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+	   struct file *h_file);
+#endif
+
+/* f_op.c */
+extern const struct file_operations aufs_file_fop;
+int au_do_open_nondir(struct file *file, int flags);
+int aufs_release_nondir(struct inode *inode __maybe_unused, struct file *file);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_SP_IATTR
+/* f_op_sp.c */
+int au_special_file(umode_t mode);
+void au_init_special_fop(struct inode *inode, umode_t mode, dev_t rdev);
+#else
+AuStubInt0(au_special_file, umode_t mode)
+static inline void au_init_special_fop(struct inode *inode, umode_t mode,
+				       dev_t rdev)
+{
+	init_special_inode(inode, mode, rdev);
+}
+#endif
+
+/* finfo.c */
+void au_hfput(struct au_hfile *hf, struct file *file);
+void au_set_h_fptr(struct file *file, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+		   struct file *h_file);
+
+void au_update_figen(struct file *file);
+struct au_fidir *au_fidir_alloc(struct super_block *sb);
+int au_fidir_realloc(struct au_finfo *finfo, int nbr);
+
+void au_fi_init_once(void *_fi);
+void au_finfo_fin(struct file *file);
+int au_finfo_init(struct file *file, struct au_fidir *fidir);
+
+/* ioctl.c */
+long aufs_ioctl_nondir(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg);
+#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
+long aufs_compat_ioctl_dir(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd,
+			   unsigned long arg);
+#endif
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static inline struct au_finfo *au_fi(struct file *file)
+{
+	return file->private_data;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/*
+ * fi_read_lock, fi_write_lock,
+ * fi_read_unlock, fi_write_unlock, fi_downgrade_lock
+ */
+AuSimpleRwsemFuncs(fi, struct file *f, &au_fi(f)->fi_rwsem);
+
+#define FiMustNoWaiters(f)	AuRwMustNoWaiters(&au_fi(f)->fi_rwsem)
+#define FiMustAnyLock(f)	AuRwMustAnyLock(&au_fi(f)->fi_rwsem)
+#define FiMustWriteLock(f)	AuRwMustWriteLock(&au_fi(f)->fi_rwsem)
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* todo: hard/soft set? */
+static inline aufs_bindex_t au_fbstart(struct file *file)
+{
+	FiMustAnyLock(file);
+	return au_fi(file)->fi_btop;
+}
+
+static inline aufs_bindex_t au_fbend_dir(struct file *file)
+{
+	FiMustAnyLock(file);
+	AuDebugOn(!au_fi(file)->fi_hdir);
+	return au_fi(file)->fi_hdir->fd_bbot;
+}
+
+static inline struct au_vdir *au_fvdir_cache(struct file *file)
+{
+	FiMustAnyLock(file);
+	AuDebugOn(!au_fi(file)->fi_hdir);
+	return au_fi(file)->fi_hdir->fd_vdir_cache;
+}
+
+static inline void au_set_fbstart(struct file *file, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	FiMustWriteLock(file);
+	au_fi(file)->fi_btop = bindex;
+}
+
+static inline void au_set_fbend_dir(struct file *file, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	FiMustWriteLock(file);
+	AuDebugOn(!au_fi(file)->fi_hdir);
+	au_fi(file)->fi_hdir->fd_bbot = bindex;
+}
+
+static inline void au_set_fvdir_cache(struct file *file,
+				      struct au_vdir *vdir_cache)
+{
+	FiMustWriteLock(file);
+	AuDebugOn(!au_fi(file)->fi_hdir);
+	au_fi(file)->fi_hdir->fd_vdir_cache = vdir_cache;
+}
+
+static inline struct file *au_hf_top(struct file *file)
+{
+	FiMustAnyLock(file);
+	AuDebugOn(au_fi(file)->fi_hdir);
+	return au_fi(file)->fi_htop.hf_file;
+}
+
+static inline struct file *au_hf_dir(struct file *file, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	FiMustAnyLock(file);
+	AuDebugOn(!au_fi(file)->fi_hdir);
+	return au_fi(file)->fi_hdir->fd_hfile[0 + bindex].hf_file;
+}
+
+/* todo: memory barrier? */
+static inline unsigned int au_figen(struct file *f)
+{
+	return atomic_read(&au_fi(f)->fi_generation);
+}
+
+static inline void au_set_mmapped(struct file *f)
+{
+	if (atomic_inc_return(&au_fi(f)->fi_mmapped))
+		return;
+	pr_warning("fi_mmapped wrapped around\n");
+	while (!atomic_inc_return(&au_fi(f)->fi_mmapped))
+		;
+}
+
+static inline void au_unset_mmapped(struct file *f)
+{
+	atomic_dec(&au_fi(f)->fi_mmapped);
+}
+
+static inline int au_test_mmapped(struct file *f)
+{
+	return atomic_read(&au_fi(f)->fi_mmapped);
+}
+
+/* customize vma->vm_file */
+
+static inline void au_do_vm_file_reset(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
+				       struct file *file)
+{
+	struct file *f;
+
+	f = vma->vm_file;
+	get_file(file);
+	vma->vm_file = file;
+	fput(f);
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
+#define AuDbgVmRegion(file, vma) do {} while (0)
+
+static inline void au_vm_file_reset(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
+				    struct file *file)
+{
+	au_do_vm_file_reset(vma, file);
+}
+#else
+#define AuDbgVmRegion(file, vma) \
+	AuDebugOn((vma)->vm_region && (vma)->vm_region->vm_file != (file))
+
+static inline void au_vm_file_reset(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
+				    struct file *file)
+{
+	struct file *f;
+
+	au_do_vm_file_reset(vma, file);
+	f = vma->vm_region->vm_file;
+	get_file(file);
+	vma->vm_region->vm_file = file;
+	fput(f);
+}
+#endif /* CONFIG_MMU */
+
+/* handle vma->vm_prfile */
+static inline void au_vm_prfile_set(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
+				    struct file *file)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_PROC_MAP
+	get_file(file);
+	vma->vm_prfile = file;
+#ifndef CONFIG_MMU
+	get_file(file);
+	vma->vm_region->vm_prfile = file;
+#endif
+#endif
+}
+
+#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
+#endif /* __AUFS_FILE_H__ */
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/finfo.c b/ubuntu/aufs/finfo.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3208510c5ee9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/finfo.c
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * file private data
+ */
+
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+void au_hfput(struct au_hfile *hf, struct file *file)
+{
+	/* todo: direct access f_flags */
+	if (vfsub_file_flags(file) & __FMODE_EXEC)
+		allow_write_access(hf->hf_file);
+	fput(hf->hf_file);
+	hf->hf_file = NULL;
+	atomic_dec(&hf->hf_br->br_count);
+	hf->hf_br = NULL;
+}
+
+void au_set_h_fptr(struct file *file, aufs_bindex_t bindex, struct file *val)
+{
+	struct au_finfo *finfo = au_fi(file);
+	struct au_hfile *hf;
+	struct au_fidir *fidir;
+
+	fidir = finfo->fi_hdir;
+	if (!fidir) {
+		AuDebugOn(finfo->fi_btop != bindex);
+		hf = &finfo->fi_htop;
+	} else
+		hf = fidir->fd_hfile + bindex;
+
+	if (hf && hf->hf_file)
+		au_hfput(hf, file);
+	if (val) {
+		FiMustWriteLock(file);
+		hf->hf_file = val;
+		hf->hf_br = au_sbr(file->f_dentry->d_sb, bindex);
+	}
+}
+
+void au_update_figen(struct file *file)
+{
+	atomic_set(&au_fi(file)->fi_generation, au_digen(file->f_dentry));
+	/* smp_mb(); */ /* atomic_set */
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+struct au_fidir *au_fidir_alloc(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	struct au_fidir *fidir;
+	int nbr;
+
+	nbr = au_sbend(sb) + 1;
+	if (nbr < 2)
+		nbr = 2; /* initial allocate for 2 branches */
+	fidir = kzalloc(au_fidir_sz(nbr), GFP_NOFS);
+	if (fidir) {
+		fidir->fd_bbot = -1;
+		fidir->fd_nent = nbr;
+		fidir->fd_vdir_cache = NULL;
+	}
+
+	return fidir;
+}
+
+int au_fidir_realloc(struct au_finfo *finfo, int nbr)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct au_fidir *fidir, *p;
+
+	AuRwMustWriteLock(&finfo->fi_rwsem);
+	fidir = finfo->fi_hdir;
+	AuDebugOn(!fidir);
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	p = au_kzrealloc(fidir, au_fidir_sz(fidir->fd_nent), au_fidir_sz(nbr),
+			 GFP_NOFS);
+	if (p) {
+		p->fd_nent = nbr;
+		finfo->fi_hdir = p;
+		err = 0;
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+void au_finfo_fin(struct file *file)
+{
+	struct au_finfo *finfo;
+
+	au_nfiles_dec(file->f_dentry->d_sb);
+
+	finfo = au_fi(file);
+	AuDebugOn(finfo->fi_hdir);
+	AuRwDestroy(&finfo->fi_rwsem);
+	au_cache_free_finfo(finfo);
+}
+
+void au_fi_init_once(void *_finfo)
+{
+	struct au_finfo *finfo = _finfo;
+	static struct lock_class_key aufs_fi;
+
+	au_rw_init(&finfo->fi_rwsem);
+	au_rw_class(&finfo->fi_rwsem, &aufs_fi);
+}
+
+int au_finfo_init(struct file *file, struct au_fidir *fidir)
+{
+	int err, lc_idx;
+	struct au_finfo *finfo;
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	dentry = file->f_dentry;
+	finfo = au_cache_alloc_finfo();
+	if (unlikely(!finfo))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = 0;
+	au_nfiles_inc(dentry->d_sb);
+	lc_idx = AuLcNonDir_FIINFO;
+	if (fidir)
+		lc_idx = AuLcDir_FIINFO;
+	au_rw_class(&finfo->fi_rwsem, au_lc_key + lc_idx);
+	au_rw_write_lock(&finfo->fi_rwsem);
+	finfo->fi_btop = -1;
+	finfo->fi_hdir = fidir;
+	atomic_set(&finfo->fi_generation, au_digen(dentry));
+	/* smp_mb(); */ /* atomic_set */
+
+	file->private_data = finfo;
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/fstype.h b/ubuntu/aufs/fstype.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a6b1037eeeeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/fstype.h
@@ -0,0 +1,496 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * judging filesystem type
+ */
+
+#ifndef __AUFS_FSTYPE_H__
+#define __AUFS_FSTYPE_H__
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/magic.h>
+#include <linux/romfs_fs.h>
+
+static inline int au_test_aufs(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	return sb->s_magic == AUFS_SUPER_MAGIC;
+}
+
+static inline const char *au_sbtype(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	return sb->s_type->name;
+}
+
+static inline int au_test_iso9660(struct super_block *sb __maybe_unused)
+{
+#if defined(CONFIG_ROMFS_FS) || defined(CONFIG_ROMFS_FS_MODULE)
+	return sb->s_magic == ROMFS_MAGIC;
+#else
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline int au_test_romfs(struct super_block *sb __maybe_unused)
+{
+#if defined(CONFIG_ISO9660_FS) || defined(CONFIG_ISO9660_FS_MODULE)
+	return sb->s_magic == ISOFS_SUPER_MAGIC;
+#else
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline int au_test_cramfs(struct super_block *sb __maybe_unused)
+{
+#if defined(CONFIG_CRAMFS) || defined(CONFIG_CRAMFS_MODULE)
+	return sb->s_magic == CRAMFS_MAGIC;
+#endif
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static inline int au_test_nfs(struct super_block *sb __maybe_unused)
+{
+#if defined(CONFIG_NFS_FS) || defined(CONFIG_NFS_FS_MODULE)
+	return sb->s_magic == NFS_SUPER_MAGIC;
+#else
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline int au_test_fuse(struct super_block *sb __maybe_unused)
+{
+#if defined(CONFIG_FUSE_FS) || defined(CONFIG_FUSE_FS_MODULE)
+	return sb->s_magic == FUSE_SUPER_MAGIC;
+#else
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline int au_test_xfs(struct super_block *sb __maybe_unused)
+{
+#if defined(CONFIG_XFS_FS) || defined(CONFIG_XFS_FS_MODULE)
+	return sb->s_magic == XFS_SB_MAGIC;
+#else
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline int au_test_tmpfs(struct super_block *sb __maybe_unused)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS
+	return sb->s_magic == TMPFS_MAGIC;
+#else
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline int au_test_ecryptfs(struct super_block *sb __maybe_unused)
+{
+#if defined(CONFIG_ECRYPT_FS) || defined(CONFIG_ECRYPT_FS_MODULE)
+	return !strcmp(au_sbtype(sb), "ecryptfs");
+#else
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline int au_test_smbfs(struct super_block *sb __maybe_unused)
+{
+#if defined(CONFIG_SMB_FS) || defined(CONFIG_SMB_FS_MODULE)
+	return sb->s_magic == SMB_SUPER_MAGIC;
+#else
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline int au_test_ocfs2(struct super_block *sb __maybe_unused)
+{
+#if defined(CONFIG_OCFS2_FS) || defined(CONFIG_OCFS2_FS_MODULE)
+	return sb->s_magic == OCFS2_SUPER_MAGIC;
+#else
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline int au_test_ocfs2_dlmfs(struct super_block *sb __maybe_unused)
+{
+#if defined(CONFIG_OCFS2_FS_O2CB) || defined(CONFIG_OCFS2_FS_O2CB_MODULE)
+	return sb->s_magic == DLMFS_MAGIC;
+#else
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline int au_test_coda(struct super_block *sb __maybe_unused)
+{
+#if defined(CONFIG_CODA_FS) || defined(CONFIG_CODA_FS_MODULE)
+	return sb->s_magic == CODA_SUPER_MAGIC;
+#else
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline int au_test_v9fs(struct super_block *sb __maybe_unused)
+{
+#if defined(CONFIG_9P_FS) || defined(CONFIG_9P_FS_MODULE)
+	return sb->s_magic == V9FS_MAGIC;
+#else
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline int au_test_ext4(struct super_block *sb __maybe_unused)
+{
+#if defined(CONFIG_EXT4DEV_FS) || defined(CONFIG_EXT4DEV_FS_MODULE)
+	return sb->s_magic == EXT4_SUPER_MAGIC;
+#else
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline int au_test_sysv(struct super_block *sb __maybe_unused)
+{
+#if defined(CONFIG_SYSV_FS) || defined(CONFIG_SYSV_FS_MODULE)
+	return !strcmp(au_sbtype(sb), "sysv");
+#else
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline int au_test_ramfs(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	return sb->s_magic == RAMFS_MAGIC;
+}
+
+static inline int au_test_ubifs(struct super_block *sb __maybe_unused)
+{
+#if defined(CONFIG_UBIFS_FS) || defined(CONFIG_UBIFS_FS_MODULE)
+	return sb->s_magic == UBIFS_SUPER_MAGIC;
+#else
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline int au_test_procfs(struct super_block *sb __maybe_unused)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
+	return sb->s_magic == PROC_SUPER_MAGIC;
+#else
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline int au_test_sysfs(struct super_block *sb __maybe_unused)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS
+	return sb->s_magic == SYSFS_MAGIC;
+#else
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline int au_test_configfs(struct super_block *sb __maybe_unused)
+{
+#if defined(CONFIG_CONFIGFS_FS) || defined(CONFIG_CONFIGFS_FS_MODULE)
+	return sb->s_magic == CONFIGFS_MAGIC;
+#else
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline int au_test_minix(struct super_block *sb __maybe_unused)
+{
+#if defined(CONFIG_MINIX_FS) || defined(CONFIG_MINIX_FS_MODULE)
+	return sb->s_magic == MINIX3_SUPER_MAGIC
+		|| sb->s_magic == MINIX2_SUPER_MAGIC
+		|| sb->s_magic == MINIX2_SUPER_MAGIC2
+		|| sb->s_magic == MINIX_SUPER_MAGIC
+		|| sb->s_magic == MINIX_SUPER_MAGIC2;
+#else
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline int au_test_cifs(struct super_block *sb __maybe_unused)
+{
+#if defined(CONFIG_CIFS_FS) || defined(CONFIGCIFS_FS_MODULE)
+	return sb->s_magic == CIFS_MAGIC_NUMBER;
+#else
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline int au_test_fat(struct super_block *sb __maybe_unused)
+{
+#if defined(CONFIG_FAT_FS) || defined(CONFIG_FAT_FS_MODULE)
+	return sb->s_magic == MSDOS_SUPER_MAGIC;
+#else
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline int au_test_msdos(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	return au_test_fat(sb);
+}
+
+static inline int au_test_vfat(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	return au_test_fat(sb);
+}
+
+static inline int au_test_securityfs(struct super_block *sb __maybe_unused)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITYFS
+	return sb->s_magic == SECURITYFS_MAGIC;
+#else
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline int au_test_squashfs(struct super_block *sb __maybe_unused)
+{
+#if defined(CONFIG_SQUASHFS) || defined(CONFIG_SQUASHFS_MODULE)
+	return sb->s_magic == SQUASHFS_MAGIC;
+#else
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline int au_test_btrfs(struct super_block *sb __maybe_unused)
+{
+#if defined(CONFIG_BTRFS_FS) || defined(CONFIG_BTRFS_FS_MODULE)
+	return sb->s_magic == BTRFS_SUPER_MAGIC;
+#else
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline int au_test_xenfs(struct super_block *sb __maybe_unused)
+{
+#if defined(CONFIG_XENFS) || defined(CONFIG_XENFS_MODULE)
+	return sb->s_magic == XENFS_SUPER_MAGIC;
+#else
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline int au_test_debugfs(struct super_block *sb __maybe_unused)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FS
+	return sb->s_magic == DEBUGFS_MAGIC;
+#else
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline int au_test_nilfs(struct super_block *sb __maybe_unused)
+{
+#if defined(CONFIG_NILFS) || defined(CONFIG_NILFS_MODULE)
+	return sb->s_magic == NILFS_SUPER_MAGIC;
+#else
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline int au_test_hfsplus(struct super_block *sb __maybe_unused)
+{
+#if defined(CONFIG_HFSPLUS_FS) || defined(CONFIG_HFSPLUS_FS_MODULE)
+	return sb->s_magic == HFSPLUS_SUPER_MAGIC;
+#else
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/*
+ * they can't be an aufs branch.
+ */
+static inline int au_test_fs_unsuppoted(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	return
+#ifndef CONFIG_AUFS_BR_RAMFS
+		au_test_ramfs(sb) ||
+#endif
+		au_test_procfs(sb)
+		|| au_test_sysfs(sb)
+		|| au_test_configfs(sb)
+		|| au_test_debugfs(sb)
+		|| au_test_securityfs(sb)
+		|| au_test_xenfs(sb)
+		|| au_test_ecryptfs(sb)
+		/* || !strcmp(au_sbtype(sb), "unionfs") */
+		|| au_test_aufs(sb); /* will be supported in next version */
+}
+
+/*
+ * If the filesystem supports NFS-export, then it has to support NULL as
+ * a nameidata parameter for ->create(), ->lookup() and ->d_revalidate().
+ * We can apply this principle when we handle a lower filesystem.
+ */
+static inline int au_test_fs_null_nd(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	return !!sb->s_export_op;
+}
+
+static inline int au_test_fs_remote(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	return !au_test_tmpfs(sb)
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_BR_RAMFS
+		&& !au_test_ramfs(sb)
+#endif
+		&& !(sb->s_type->fs_flags & FS_REQUIRES_DEV);
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/*
+ * Note: these functions (below) are created after reading ->getattr() in all
+ * filesystems under linux/fs. it means we have to do so in every update...
+ */
+
+/*
+ * some filesystems require getattr to refresh the inode attributes before
+ * referencing.
+ * in most cases, we can rely on the inode attribute in NFS (or every remote fs)
+ * and leave the work for d_revalidate()
+ */
+static inline int au_test_fs_refresh_iattr(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	return au_test_nfs(sb)
+		|| au_test_fuse(sb)
+		/* || au_test_smbfs(sb) */	/* untested */
+		/* || au_test_ocfs2(sb) */	/* untested */
+		/* || au_test_btrfs(sb) */	/* untested */
+		/* || au_test_coda(sb) */	/* untested */
+		/* || au_test_v9fs(sb) */	/* untested */
+		;
+}
+
+/*
+ * filesystems which don't maintain i_size or i_blocks.
+ */
+static inline int au_test_fs_bad_iattr_size(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	return au_test_xfs(sb)
+		|| au_test_btrfs(sb)
+		|| au_test_ubifs(sb)
+		|| au_test_hfsplus(sb)	/* maintained, but incorrect */
+		/* || au_test_ext4(sb) */	/* untested */
+		/* || au_test_ocfs2(sb) */	/* untested */
+		/* || au_test_ocfs2_dlmfs(sb) */ /* untested */
+		/* || au_test_sysv(sb) */	/* untested */
+		/* || au_test_minix(sb) */	/* untested */
+		;
+}
+
+/*
+ * filesystems which don't store the correct value in some of their inode
+ * attributes.
+ */
+static inline int au_test_fs_bad_iattr(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	return au_test_fs_bad_iattr_size(sb)
+		/* || au_test_cifs(sb) */	/* untested */
+		|| au_test_fat(sb)
+		|| au_test_msdos(sb)
+		|| au_test_vfat(sb);
+}
+
+/* they don't check i_nlink in link(2) */
+static inline int au_test_fs_no_limit_nlink(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	return au_test_tmpfs(sb)
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_BR_RAMFS
+		|| au_test_ramfs(sb)
+#endif
+		|| au_test_ubifs(sb)
+		|| au_test_btrfs(sb)
+		|| au_test_hfsplus(sb);
+}
+
+/*
+ * filesystems which sets S_NOATIME and S_NOCMTIME.
+ */
+static inline int au_test_fs_notime(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	return au_test_nfs(sb)
+		|| au_test_fuse(sb)
+		|| au_test_ubifs(sb)
+		/* || au_test_cifs(sb) */	/* untested */
+		;
+}
+
+/*
+ * filesystems which requires replacing i_mapping.
+ */
+static inline int au_test_fs_bad_mapping(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	return au_test_fuse(sb)
+		|| au_test_ubifs(sb);
+}
+
+/* temporary support for i#1 in cramfs */
+static inline int au_test_fs_unique_ino(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	if (au_test_cramfs(inode->i_sb))
+		return inode->i_ino != 1;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/*
+ * the filesystem where the xino files placed must support i/o after unlink and
+ * maintain i_size and i_blocks.
+ */
+static inline int au_test_fs_bad_xino(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	return au_test_fs_remote(sb)
+		|| au_test_fs_bad_iattr_size(sb)
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_BR_RAMFS
+		|| !(au_test_ramfs(sb) || au_test_fs_null_nd(sb))
+#else
+		|| !au_test_fs_null_nd(sb) /* to keep xino code simple */
+#endif
+		/* don't want unnecessary work for xino */
+		|| au_test_aufs(sb)
+		|| au_test_ecryptfs(sb)
+		|| au_test_nilfs(sb);
+}
+
+static inline int au_test_fs_trunc_xino(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	return au_test_tmpfs(sb)
+		|| au_test_ramfs(sb);
+}
+
+/*
+ * test if the @sb is real-readonly.
+ */
+static inline int au_test_fs_rr(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	return au_test_squashfs(sb)
+		|| au_test_iso9660(sb)
+		|| au_test_cramfs(sb)
+		|| au_test_romfs(sb);
+}
+
+#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
+#endif /* __AUFS_FSTYPE_H__ */
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/hfsnotify.c b/ubuntu/aufs/hfsnotify.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c48c315ac3e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/hfsnotify.c
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * fsnotify for the lower directories
+ */
+
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+/* FS_IN_IGNORED is unnecessary */
+static const __u32 AuHfsnMask = (FS_MOVED_TO | FS_MOVED_FROM | FS_DELETE
+				 | FS_CREATE | FS_EVENT_ON_CHILD);
+static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(au_hfsn_wq);
+
+static void au_hfsn_free_mark(struct fsnotify_mark *mark)
+{
+	struct au_hnotify *hn = container_of(mark, struct au_hnotify,
+					     hn_mark);
+	AuDbg("here\n");
+	hn->hn_mark_dead = 1;
+	smp_mb();
+	wake_up_all(&au_hfsn_wq);
+}
+
+static int au_hfsn_alloc(struct au_hinode *hinode)
+{
+	struct au_hnotify *hn;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+	struct fsnotify_mark *mark;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex;
+
+	hn = hinode->hi_notify;
+	sb = hn->hn_aufs_inode->i_sb;
+	bindex = au_br_index(sb, hinode->hi_id);
+	br = au_sbr(sb, bindex);
+	hn->hn_mark_dead = 0;
+	mark = &hn->hn_mark;
+	fsnotify_init_mark(mark, au_hfsn_free_mark);
+	mark->mask = AuHfsnMask;
+	/*
+	 * by udba rename or rmdir, aufs assign a new inode to the known
+	 * h_inode, so specify 1 to allow dups.
+	 */
+	return fsnotify_add_mark(mark, br->br_hfsn_group, hinode->hi_inode,
+				 /*mnt*/NULL, /*allow_dups*/1);
+}
+
+static void au_hfsn_free(struct au_hinode *hinode)
+{
+	struct au_hnotify *hn;
+	struct fsnotify_mark *mark;
+
+	hn = hinode->hi_notify;
+	mark = &hn->hn_mark;
+	fsnotify_destroy_mark(mark);
+	fsnotify_put_mark(mark);
+
+	/* TODO: bad approach */
+	wait_event(au_hfsn_wq, hn->hn_mark_dead);
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void au_hfsn_ctl(struct au_hinode *hinode, int do_set)
+{
+	struct fsnotify_mark *mark;
+
+	mark = &hinode->hi_notify->hn_mark;
+	spin_lock(&mark->lock);
+	if (do_set) {
+		AuDebugOn(mark->mask & AuHfsnMask);
+		mark->mask |= AuHfsnMask;
+	} else {
+		AuDebugOn(!(mark->mask & AuHfsnMask));
+		mark->mask &= ~AuHfsnMask;
+	}
+	spin_unlock(&mark->lock);
+	/* fsnotify_recalc_inode_mask(hinode->hi_inode); */
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* #define AuDbgHnotify */
+#ifdef AuDbgHnotify
+static char *au_hfsn_name(u32 mask)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_DEBUG
+#define test_ret(flag)	if (mask & flag) \
+				return #flag;
+	test_ret(FS_ACCESS);
+	test_ret(FS_MODIFY);
+	test_ret(FS_ATTRIB);
+	test_ret(FS_CLOSE_WRITE);
+	test_ret(FS_CLOSE_NOWRITE);
+	test_ret(FS_OPEN);
+	test_ret(FS_MOVED_FROM);
+	test_ret(FS_MOVED_TO);
+	test_ret(FS_CREATE);
+	test_ret(FS_DELETE);
+	test_ret(FS_DELETE_SELF);
+	test_ret(FS_MOVE_SELF);
+	test_ret(FS_UNMOUNT);
+	test_ret(FS_Q_OVERFLOW);
+	test_ret(FS_IN_IGNORED);
+	test_ret(FS_IN_ISDIR);
+	test_ret(FS_IN_ONESHOT);
+	test_ret(FS_EVENT_ON_CHILD);
+	return "";
+#undef test_ret
+#else
+	return "??";
+#endif
+}
+#endif
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static int au_hfsn_handle_event(struct fsnotify_group *group,
+				struct fsnotify_mark *inode_mark,
+				struct fsnotify_mark *vfsmount_mark,
+				struct fsnotify_event *event)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct au_hnotify *hnotify;
+	struct inode *h_dir, *h_inode;
+	__u32 mask;
+	struct qstr h_child_qstr = {
+		.name	= event->file_name,
+		.len	= event->name_len
+	};
+
+	AuDebugOn(event->data_type != FSNOTIFY_EVENT_INODE);
+
+	err = 0;
+	/* if FS_UNMOUNT happens, there must be another bug */
+	mask = event->mask;
+	AuDebugOn(mask & FS_UNMOUNT);
+	if (mask & (FS_IN_IGNORED | FS_UNMOUNT))
+		goto out;
+
+	h_dir = event->to_tell;
+	h_inode = event->inode;
+#ifdef AuDbgHnotify
+	au_debug(1);
+	if (1 || h_child_qstr.len != sizeof(AUFS_XINO_FNAME) - 1
+	    || strncmp(h_child_qstr.name, AUFS_XINO_FNAME, h_child_qstr.len)) {
+		AuDbg("i%lu, mask 0x%x %s, hcname %.*s, hi%lu\n",
+		      h_dir->i_ino, mask, au_hfsn_name(mask),
+		      AuLNPair(&h_child_qstr), h_inode ? h_inode->i_ino : 0);
+		/* WARN_ON(1); */
+	}
+	au_debug(0);
+#endif
+
+	AuDebugOn(!inode_mark);
+	hnotify = container_of(inode_mark, struct au_hnotify, hn_mark);
+	err = au_hnotify(h_dir, hnotify, mask, &h_child_qstr, h_inode);
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* isn't it waste to ask every registered 'group'? */
+/* copied from linux/fs/notify/inotify/inotify_fsnotiry.c */
+/* it should be exported to modules */
+static bool au_hfsn_should_send_event(struct fsnotify_group *group,
+				      struct inode *h_inode,
+				      struct fsnotify_mark *inode_mark,
+				      struct fsnotify_mark *vfsmount_mark,
+				      __u32 mask, void *data, int data_type)
+{
+	mask = (mask & ~FS_EVENT_ON_CHILD);
+	return inode_mark->mask & mask;
+}
+
+static struct fsnotify_ops au_hfsn_ops = {
+	.should_send_event	= au_hfsn_should_send_event,
+	.handle_event		= au_hfsn_handle_event
+};
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void au_hfsn_fin_br(struct au_branch *br)
+{
+	if (br->br_hfsn_group)
+		fsnotify_put_group(br->br_hfsn_group);
+}
+
+static int au_hfsn_init_br(struct au_branch *br, int perm)
+{
+	br->br_hfsn_group = NULL;
+	br->br_hfsn_ops = au_hfsn_ops;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int au_hfsn_reset_br(unsigned int udba, struct au_branch *br, int perm)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	err = 0;
+	if (udba != AuOpt_UDBA_HNOTIFY
+	    || !au_br_hnotifyable(perm)) {
+		au_hfsn_fin_br(br);
+		br->br_hfsn_group = NULL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (br->br_hfsn_group)
+		goto out;
+
+	br->br_hfsn_group = fsnotify_alloc_group(&br->br_hfsn_ops);
+	if (IS_ERR(br->br_hfsn_group)) {
+		err = PTR_ERR(br->br_hfsn_group);
+		pr_err("fsnotify_alloc_group() failed, %d\n", err);
+		br->br_hfsn_group = NULL;
+	}
+
+out:
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+const struct au_hnotify_op au_hnotify_op = {
+	.ctl		= au_hfsn_ctl,
+	.alloc		= au_hfsn_alloc,
+	.free		= au_hfsn_free,
+
+	.reset_br	= au_hfsn_reset_br,
+	.fin_br		= au_hfsn_fin_br,
+	.init_br	= au_hfsn_init_br
+};
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/hfsplus.c b/ubuntu/aufs/hfsplus.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9941f76083c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/hfsplus.c
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2010-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * special support for filesystems which aqucires an inode mutex
+ * at final closing a file, eg, hfsplus.
+ *
+ * This trick is very simple and stupid, just to open the file before really
+ * neceeary open to tell hfsplus that this is not the final closing.
+ * The caller should call au_h_open_pre() after acquiring the inode mutex,
+ * and au_h_open_post() after releasing it.
+ */
+
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+struct file *au_h_open_pre(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	struct file *h_file;
+	struct dentry *h_dentry;
+
+	h_dentry = au_h_dptr(dentry, bindex);
+	AuDebugOn(!h_dentry);
+	AuDebugOn(!h_dentry->d_inode);
+	IMustLock(h_dentry->d_inode);
+
+	h_file = NULL;
+	if (au_test_hfsplus(h_dentry->d_sb)
+	    && S_ISREG(h_dentry->d_inode->i_mode))
+		h_file = au_h_open(dentry, bindex,
+				   O_RDONLY | O_NOATIME | O_LARGEFILE,
+				   /*file*/NULL);
+	return h_file;
+}
+
+void au_h_open_post(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+		    struct file *h_file)
+{
+	if (h_file) {
+		fput(h_file);
+		au_sbr_put(dentry->d_sb, bindex);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/hnotify.c b/ubuntu/aufs/hnotify.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..251588c4c8e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/hnotify.c
@@ -0,0 +1,712 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * abstraction to notify the direct changes on lower directories
+ */
+
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+int au_hn_alloc(struct au_hinode *hinode, struct inode *inode)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct au_hnotify *hn;
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	hn = au_cache_alloc_hnotify();
+	if (hn) {
+		hn->hn_aufs_inode = inode;
+		hinode->hi_notify = hn;
+		err = au_hnotify_op.alloc(hinode);
+		AuTraceErr(err);
+		if (unlikely(err)) {
+			hinode->hi_notify = NULL;
+			au_cache_free_hnotify(hn);
+			/*
+			 * The upper dir was removed by udba, but the same named
+			 * dir left. In this case, aufs assignes a new inode
+			 * number and set the monitor again.
+			 * For the lower dir, the old monitnor is still left.
+			 */
+			if (err == -EEXIST)
+				err = 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+void au_hn_free(struct au_hinode *hinode)
+{
+	struct au_hnotify *hn;
+
+	hn = hinode->hi_notify;
+	if (hn) {
+		au_hnotify_op.free(hinode);
+		au_cache_free_hnotify(hn);
+		hinode->hi_notify = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+void au_hn_ctl(struct au_hinode *hinode, int do_set)
+{
+	if (hinode->hi_notify)
+		au_hnotify_op.ctl(hinode, do_set);
+}
+
+void au_hn_reset(struct inode *inode, unsigned int flags)
+{
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, bend;
+	struct inode *hi;
+	struct dentry *iwhdentry;
+
+	bend = au_ibend(inode);
+	for (bindex = au_ibstart(inode); bindex <= bend; bindex++) {
+		hi = au_h_iptr(inode, bindex);
+		if (!hi)
+			continue;
+
+		/* mutex_lock_nested(&hi->i_mutex, AuLsc_I_CHILD); */
+		iwhdentry = au_hi_wh(inode, bindex);
+		if (iwhdentry)
+			dget(iwhdentry);
+		au_igrab(hi);
+		au_set_h_iptr(inode, bindex, NULL, 0);
+		au_set_h_iptr(inode, bindex, au_igrab(hi),
+			      flags & ~AuHi_XINO);
+		iput(hi);
+		dput(iwhdentry);
+		/* mutex_unlock(&hi->i_mutex); */
+	}
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static int hn_xino(struct inode *inode, struct inode *h_inode)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, bend, bfound, bstart;
+	struct inode *h_i;
+
+	err = 0;
+	if (unlikely(inode->i_ino == AUFS_ROOT_INO)) {
+		pr_warning("branch root dir was changed\n");
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	bfound = -1;
+	bend = au_ibend(inode);
+	bstart = au_ibstart(inode);
+#if 0 /* reserved for future use */
+	if (bindex == bend) {
+		/* keep this ino in rename case */
+		goto out;
+	}
+#endif
+	for (bindex = bstart; bindex <= bend; bindex++)
+		if (au_h_iptr(inode, bindex) == h_inode) {
+			bfound = bindex;
+			break;
+		}
+	if (bfound < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	for (bindex = bstart; bindex <= bend; bindex++) {
+		h_i = au_h_iptr(inode, bindex);
+		if (!h_i)
+			continue;
+
+		err = au_xino_write(inode->i_sb, bindex, h_i->i_ino, /*ino*/0);
+		/* ignore this error */
+		/* bad action? */
+	}
+
+	/* children inode number will be broken */
+
+out:
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int hn_gen_tree(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	int err, i, j, ndentry;
+	struct au_dcsub_pages dpages;
+	struct au_dpage *dpage;
+	struct dentry **dentries;
+
+	err = au_dpages_init(&dpages, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+	err = au_dcsub_pages(&dpages, dentry, NULL, NULL);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_dpages;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < dpages.ndpage; i++) {
+		dpage = dpages.dpages + i;
+		dentries = dpage->dentries;
+		ndentry = dpage->ndentry;
+		for (j = 0; j < ndentry; j++) {
+			struct dentry *d;
+
+			d = dentries[j];
+			if (IS_ROOT(d))
+				continue;
+
+			au_digen_dec(d);
+			if (d->d_inode)
+				/* todo: reset children xino?
+				   cached children only? */
+				au_iigen_dec(d->d_inode);
+		}
+	}
+
+out_dpages:
+	au_dpages_free(&dpages);
+
+#if 0
+	/* discard children */
+	dentry_unhash(dentry);
+	dput(dentry);
+#endif
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * return 0 if processed.
+ */
+static int hn_gen_by_inode(char *name, unsigned int nlen, struct inode *inode,
+			   const unsigned int isdir)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct dentry *d;
+	struct qstr *dname;
+
+	err = 1;
+	if (unlikely(inode->i_ino == AUFS_ROOT_INO)) {
+		pr_warning("branch root dir was changed\n");
+		err = 0;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (!isdir) {
+		AuDebugOn(!name);
+		au_iigen_dec(inode);
+		spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
+		list_for_each_entry(d, &inode->i_dentry, d_alias) {
+			spin_lock(&d->d_lock);
+			dname = &d->d_name;
+			if (dname->len != nlen
+			    && memcmp(dname->name, name, nlen)) {
+				spin_unlock(&d->d_lock);
+				continue;
+			}
+			err = 0;
+			au_digen_dec(d);
+			spin_unlock(&d->d_lock);
+			break;
+		}
+		spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
+	} else {
+		au_fset_si(au_sbi(inode->i_sb), FAILED_REFRESH_DIR);
+		d = d_find_alias(inode);
+		if (!d) {
+			au_iigen_dec(inode);
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		spin_lock(&d->d_lock);
+		dname = &d->d_name;
+		if (dname->len == nlen && !memcmp(dname->name, name, nlen)) {
+			spin_unlock(&d->d_lock);
+			err = hn_gen_tree(d);
+			spin_lock(&d->d_lock);
+		}
+		spin_unlock(&d->d_lock);
+		dput(d);
+	}
+
+out:
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int hn_gen_by_name(struct dentry *dentry, const unsigned int isdir)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct inode *inode;
+
+	inode = dentry->d_inode;
+	if (IS_ROOT(dentry)
+	    /* || (inode && inode->i_ino == AUFS_ROOT_INO) */
+		) {
+		pr_warning("branch root dir was changed\n");
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	err = 0;
+	if (!isdir) {
+		au_digen_dec(dentry);
+		if (inode)
+			au_iigen_dec(inode);
+	} else {
+		au_fset_si(au_sbi(dentry->d_sb), FAILED_REFRESH_DIR);
+		if (inode)
+			err = hn_gen_tree(dentry);
+	}
+
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* hnotify job flags */
+#define AuHnJob_XINO0		1
+#define AuHnJob_GEN		(1 << 1)
+#define AuHnJob_DIRENT		(1 << 2)
+#define AuHnJob_ISDIR		(1 << 3)
+#define AuHnJob_TRYXINO0	(1 << 4)
+#define AuHnJob_MNTPNT		(1 << 5)
+#define au_ftest_hnjob(flags, name)	((flags) & AuHnJob_##name)
+#define au_fset_hnjob(flags, name) \
+	do { (flags) |= AuHnJob_##name; } while (0)
+#define au_fclr_hnjob(flags, name) \
+	do { (flags) &= ~AuHnJob_##name; } while (0)
+
+enum {
+	AuHn_CHILD,
+	AuHn_PARENT,
+	AuHnLast
+};
+
+struct au_hnotify_args {
+	struct inode *h_dir, *dir, *h_child_inode;
+	u32 mask;
+	unsigned int flags[AuHnLast];
+	unsigned int h_child_nlen;
+	char h_child_name[];
+};
+
+struct hn_job_args {
+	unsigned int flags;
+	struct inode *inode, *h_inode, *dir, *h_dir;
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+	char *h_name;
+	int h_nlen;
+};
+
+static int hn_job(struct hn_job_args *a)
+{
+	const unsigned int isdir = au_ftest_hnjob(a->flags, ISDIR);
+
+	/* reset xino */
+	if (au_ftest_hnjob(a->flags, XINO0) && a->inode)
+		hn_xino(a->inode, a->h_inode); /* ignore this error */
+
+	if (au_ftest_hnjob(a->flags, TRYXINO0)
+	    && a->inode
+	    && a->h_inode) {
+		mutex_lock_nested(&a->h_inode->i_mutex, AuLsc_I_CHILD);
+		if (!a->h_inode->i_nlink)
+			hn_xino(a->inode, a->h_inode); /* ignore this error */
+		mutex_unlock(&a->h_inode->i_mutex);
+	}
+
+	/* make the generation obsolete */
+	if (au_ftest_hnjob(a->flags, GEN)) {
+		int err = -1;
+		if (a->inode)
+			err = hn_gen_by_inode(a->h_name, a->h_nlen, a->inode,
+					      isdir);
+		if (err && a->dentry)
+			hn_gen_by_name(a->dentry, isdir);
+		/* ignore this error */
+	}
+
+	/* make dir entries obsolete */
+	if (au_ftest_hnjob(a->flags, DIRENT) && a->inode) {
+		struct au_vdir *vdir;
+
+		vdir = au_ivdir(a->inode);
+		if (vdir)
+			vdir->vd_jiffy = 0;
+		/* IMustLock(a->inode); */
+		/* a->inode->i_version++; */
+	}
+
+	/* can do nothing but warn */
+	if (au_ftest_hnjob(a->flags, MNTPNT)
+	    && a->dentry
+	    && d_mountpoint(a->dentry))
+		pr_warning("mount-point %.*s is removed or renamed\n",
+			   AuDLNPair(a->dentry));
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static struct dentry *lookup_wlock_by_name(char *name, unsigned int nlen,
+					   struct inode *dir)
+{
+	struct dentry *dentry, *d, *parent;
+	struct qstr *dname;
+
+	parent = d_find_alias(dir);
+	if (!parent)
+		return NULL;
+
+	dentry = NULL;
+	spin_lock(&parent->d_lock);
+	list_for_each_entry(d, &parent->d_subdirs, d_u.d_child) {
+		/* AuDbg("%.*s\n", AuDLNPair(d)); */
+		spin_lock_nested(&d->d_lock, DENTRY_D_LOCK_NESTED);
+		dname = &d->d_name;
+		if (dname->len != nlen || memcmp(dname->name, name, nlen))
+			goto cont_unlock;
+		if (au_di(d))
+			au_digen_dec(d);
+		else
+			goto cont_unlock;
+		if (d->d_count) {
+			dentry = dget_dlock(d);
+			spin_unlock(&d->d_lock);
+			break;
+		}
+
+	cont_unlock:
+		spin_unlock(&d->d_lock);
+	}
+	spin_unlock(&parent->d_lock);
+	dput(parent);
+
+	if (dentry)
+		di_write_lock_child(dentry);
+
+	return dentry;
+}
+
+static struct inode *lookup_wlock_by_ino(struct super_block *sb,
+					 aufs_bindex_t bindex, ino_t h_ino)
+{
+	struct inode *inode;
+	ino_t ino;
+	int err;
+
+	inode = NULL;
+	err = au_xino_read(sb, bindex, h_ino, &ino);
+	if (!err && ino)
+		inode = ilookup(sb, ino);
+	if (!inode)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (unlikely(inode->i_ino == AUFS_ROOT_INO)) {
+		pr_warning("wrong root branch\n");
+		iput(inode);
+		inode = NULL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	ii_write_lock_child(inode);
+
+out:
+	return inode;
+}
+
+static void au_hn_bh(void *_args)
+{
+	struct au_hnotify_args *a = _args;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, bend, bfound;
+	unsigned char xino, try_iput;
+	int err;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	ino_t h_ino;
+	struct hn_job_args args;
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+
+	AuDebugOn(!_args);
+	AuDebugOn(!a->h_dir);
+	AuDebugOn(!a->dir);
+	AuDebugOn(!a->mask);
+	AuDbg("mask 0x%x, i%lu, hi%lu, hci%lu\n",
+	      a->mask, a->dir->i_ino, a->h_dir->i_ino,
+	      a->h_child_inode ? a->h_child_inode->i_ino : 0);
+
+	inode = NULL;
+	dentry = NULL;
+	/*
+	 * do not lock a->dir->i_mutex here
+	 * because of d_revalidate() may cause a deadlock.
+	 */
+	sb = a->dir->i_sb;
+	AuDebugOn(!sb);
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	AuDebugOn(!sbinfo);
+	si_write_lock(sb, AuLock_NOPLMW);
+
+	ii_read_lock_parent(a->dir);
+	bfound = -1;
+	bend = au_ibend(a->dir);
+	for (bindex = au_ibstart(a->dir); bindex <= bend; bindex++)
+		if (au_h_iptr(a->dir, bindex) == a->h_dir) {
+			bfound = bindex;
+			break;
+		}
+	ii_read_unlock(a->dir);
+	if (unlikely(bfound < 0))
+		goto out;
+
+	xino = !!au_opt_test(au_mntflags(sb), XINO);
+	h_ino = 0;
+	if (a->h_child_inode)
+		h_ino = a->h_child_inode->i_ino;
+
+	if (a->h_child_nlen
+	    && (au_ftest_hnjob(a->flags[AuHn_CHILD], GEN)
+		|| au_ftest_hnjob(a->flags[AuHn_CHILD], MNTPNT)))
+		dentry = lookup_wlock_by_name(a->h_child_name, a->h_child_nlen,
+					      a->dir);
+	try_iput = 0;
+	if (dentry)
+		inode = dentry->d_inode;
+	if (xino && !inode && h_ino
+	    && (au_ftest_hnjob(a->flags[AuHn_CHILD], XINO0)
+		|| au_ftest_hnjob(a->flags[AuHn_CHILD], TRYXINO0)
+		|| au_ftest_hnjob(a->flags[AuHn_CHILD], GEN))) {
+		inode = lookup_wlock_by_ino(sb, bfound, h_ino);
+		try_iput = 1;
+	    }
+
+	args.flags = a->flags[AuHn_CHILD];
+	args.dentry = dentry;
+	args.inode = inode;
+	args.h_inode = a->h_child_inode;
+	args.dir = a->dir;
+	args.h_dir = a->h_dir;
+	args.h_name = a->h_child_name;
+	args.h_nlen = a->h_child_nlen;
+	err = hn_job(&args);
+	if (dentry) {
+		if (au_di(dentry))
+			di_write_unlock(dentry);
+		dput(dentry);
+	}
+	if (inode && try_iput) {
+		ii_write_unlock(inode);
+		iput(inode);
+	}
+
+	ii_write_lock_parent(a->dir);
+	args.flags = a->flags[AuHn_PARENT];
+	args.dentry = NULL;
+	args.inode = a->dir;
+	args.h_inode = a->h_dir;
+	args.dir = NULL;
+	args.h_dir = NULL;
+	args.h_name = NULL;
+	args.h_nlen = 0;
+	err = hn_job(&args);
+	ii_write_unlock(a->dir);
+
+out:
+	iput(a->h_child_inode);
+	iput(a->h_dir);
+	iput(a->dir);
+	si_write_unlock(sb);
+	au_nwt_done(&sbinfo->si_nowait);
+	kfree(a);
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+int au_hnotify(struct inode *h_dir, struct au_hnotify *hnotify, u32 mask,
+	       struct qstr *h_child_qstr, struct inode *h_child_inode)
+{
+	int err, len;
+	unsigned int flags[AuHnLast], f;
+	unsigned char isdir, isroot, wh;
+	struct inode *dir;
+	struct au_hnotify_args *args;
+	char *p, *h_child_name;
+
+	err = 0;
+	AuDebugOn(!hnotify || !hnotify->hn_aufs_inode);
+	dir = igrab(hnotify->hn_aufs_inode);
+	if (!dir)
+		goto out;
+
+	isroot = (dir->i_ino == AUFS_ROOT_INO);
+	wh = 0;
+	h_child_name = (void *)h_child_qstr->name;
+	len = h_child_qstr->len;
+	if (h_child_name) {
+		if (len > AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN
+		    && !memcmp(h_child_name, AUFS_WH_PFX, AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN)) {
+			h_child_name += AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN;
+			len -= AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN;
+			wh = 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	isdir = 0;
+	if (h_child_inode)
+		isdir = !!S_ISDIR(h_child_inode->i_mode);
+	flags[AuHn_PARENT] = AuHnJob_ISDIR;
+	flags[AuHn_CHILD] = 0;
+	if (isdir)
+		flags[AuHn_CHILD] = AuHnJob_ISDIR;
+	au_fset_hnjob(flags[AuHn_PARENT], DIRENT);
+	au_fset_hnjob(flags[AuHn_CHILD], GEN);
+	switch (mask & FS_EVENTS_POSS_ON_CHILD) {
+	case FS_MOVED_FROM:
+	case FS_MOVED_TO:
+		au_fset_hnjob(flags[AuHn_CHILD], XINO0);
+		au_fset_hnjob(flags[AuHn_CHILD], MNTPNT);
+		/*FALLTHROUGH*/
+	case FS_CREATE:
+		AuDebugOn(!h_child_name || !h_child_inode);
+		break;
+
+	case FS_DELETE:
+		/*
+		 * aufs never be able to get this child inode.
+		 * revalidation should be in d_revalidate()
+		 * by checking i_nlink, i_generation or d_unhashed().
+		 */
+		AuDebugOn(!h_child_name);
+		au_fset_hnjob(flags[AuHn_CHILD], TRYXINO0);
+		au_fset_hnjob(flags[AuHn_CHILD], MNTPNT);
+		break;
+
+	default:
+		AuDebugOn(1);
+	}
+
+	if (wh)
+		h_child_inode = NULL;
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	/* iput() and kfree() will be called in au_hnotify() */
+	args = kmalloc(sizeof(*args) + len + 1, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(!args)) {
+		AuErr1("no memory\n");
+		iput(dir);
+		goto out;
+	}
+	args->flags[AuHn_PARENT] = flags[AuHn_PARENT];
+	args->flags[AuHn_CHILD] = flags[AuHn_CHILD];
+	args->mask = mask;
+	args->dir = dir;
+	args->h_dir = igrab(h_dir);
+	if (h_child_inode)
+		h_child_inode = igrab(h_child_inode); /* can be NULL */
+	args->h_child_inode = h_child_inode;
+	args->h_child_nlen = len;
+	if (len) {
+		p = (void *)args;
+		p += sizeof(*args);
+		memcpy(p, h_child_name, len);
+		p[len] = 0;
+	}
+
+	f = 0;
+	if (!dir->i_nlink)
+		f = AuWkq_NEST;
+	err = au_wkq_nowait(au_hn_bh, args, dir->i_sb, f);
+	if (unlikely(err)) {
+		pr_err("wkq %d\n", err);
+		iput(args->h_child_inode);
+		iput(args->h_dir);
+		iput(args->dir);
+		kfree(args);
+	}
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+int au_hnotify_reset_br(unsigned int udba, struct au_branch *br, int perm)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	AuDebugOn(!(udba & AuOptMask_UDBA));
+
+	err = 0;
+	if (au_hnotify_op.reset_br)
+		err = au_hnotify_op.reset_br(udba, br, perm);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+int au_hnotify_init_br(struct au_branch *br, int perm)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	err = 0;
+	if (au_hnotify_op.init_br)
+		err = au_hnotify_op.init_br(br, perm);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+void au_hnotify_fin_br(struct au_branch *br)
+{
+	if (au_hnotify_op.fin_br)
+		au_hnotify_op.fin_br(br);
+}
+
+static void au_hn_destroy_cache(void)
+{
+	kmem_cache_destroy(au_cachep[AuCache_HNOTIFY]);
+	au_cachep[AuCache_HNOTIFY] = NULL;
+}
+
+int __init au_hnotify_init(void)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	au_cachep[AuCache_HNOTIFY] = AuCache(au_hnotify);
+	if (au_cachep[AuCache_HNOTIFY]) {
+		err = 0;
+		if (au_hnotify_op.init)
+			err = au_hnotify_op.init();
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			au_hn_destroy_cache();
+	}
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+void au_hnotify_fin(void)
+{
+	if (au_hnotify_op.fin)
+		au_hnotify_op.fin();
+	/* cf. au_cache_fin() */
+	if (au_cachep[AuCache_HNOTIFY])
+		au_hn_destroy_cache();
+}
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/i_op.c b/ubuntu/aufs/i_op.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ec50afd99ef7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/i_op.c
@@ -0,0 +1,991 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * inode operations (except add/del/rename)
+ */
+
+#include <linux/device_cgroup.h>
+#include <linux/fs_stack.h>
+#include <linux/namei.h>
+#include <linux/security.h>
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+static int h_permission(struct inode *h_inode, int mask,
+			struct vfsmount *h_mnt, int brperm)
+{
+	int err;
+	const unsigned char write_mask = !!(mask & (MAY_WRITE | MAY_APPEND));
+
+	err = -EACCES;
+	if ((write_mask && IS_IMMUTABLE(h_inode))
+	    || ((mask & MAY_EXEC)
+		&& S_ISREG(h_inode->i_mode)
+		&& ((h_mnt->mnt_flags & MNT_NOEXEC)
+		    || !(h_inode->i_mode & S_IXUGO))))
+		goto out;
+
+	/*
+	 * - skip the lower fs test in the case of write to ro branch.
+	 * - nfs dir permission write check is optimized, but a policy for
+	 *   link/rename requires a real check.
+	 */
+	if ((write_mask && !au_br_writable(brperm))
+	    || (au_test_nfs(h_inode->i_sb) && S_ISDIR(h_inode->i_mode)
+		&& write_mask && !(mask & MAY_READ))
+	    || !h_inode->i_op->permission) {
+		/* AuLabel(generic_permission); */
+		err = generic_permission(h_inode, mask);
+	} else {
+		/* AuLabel(h_inode->permission); */
+		err = h_inode->i_op->permission(h_inode, mask);
+		AuTraceErr(err);
+	}
+
+	if (!err)
+		err = devcgroup_inode_permission(h_inode, mask);
+	if (!err)
+		err = security_inode_permission(h_inode, mask);
+
+#if 0
+	if (!err) {
+		/* todo: do we need to call ima_path_check()? */
+		struct path h_path = {
+			.dentry	=
+			.mnt	= h_mnt
+		};
+		err = ima_path_check(&h_path,
+				     mask & (MAY_READ | MAY_WRITE | MAY_EXEC),
+				     IMA_COUNT_LEAVE);
+	}
+#endif
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int aufs_permission(struct inode *inode, int mask)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, bend;
+	const unsigned char isdir = !!S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode),
+		write_mask = !!(mask & (MAY_WRITE | MAY_APPEND));
+	struct inode *h_inode;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+
+	/* todo: support rcu-walk? */
+	if (mask & MAY_NOT_BLOCK)
+		return -ECHILD;
+
+	sb = inode->i_sb;
+	si_read_lock(sb, AuLock_FLUSH);
+	ii_read_lock_child(inode);
+#if 0
+	err = au_iigen_test(inode, au_sigen(sb));
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+#endif
+
+	if (!isdir || write_mask) {
+		err = au_busy_or_stale();
+		h_inode = au_h_iptr(inode, au_ibstart(inode));
+		if (unlikely(!h_inode
+			     || (h_inode->i_mode & S_IFMT)
+			     != (inode->i_mode & S_IFMT)))
+			goto out;
+
+		err = 0;
+		bindex = au_ibstart(inode);
+		br = au_sbr(sb, bindex);
+		err = h_permission(h_inode, mask, br->br_mnt, br->br_perm);
+		if (write_mask
+		    && !err
+		    && !special_file(h_inode->i_mode)) {
+			/* test whether the upper writable branch exists */
+			err = -EROFS;
+			for (; bindex >= 0; bindex--)
+				if (!au_br_rdonly(au_sbr(sb, bindex))) {
+					err = 0;
+					break;
+				}
+		}
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* non-write to dir */
+	err = 0;
+	bend = au_ibend(inode);
+	for (bindex = au_ibstart(inode); !err && bindex <= bend; bindex++) {
+		h_inode = au_h_iptr(inode, bindex);
+		if (h_inode) {
+			err = au_busy_or_stale();
+			if (unlikely(!S_ISDIR(h_inode->i_mode)))
+				break;
+
+			br = au_sbr(sb, bindex);
+			err = h_permission(h_inode, mask, br->br_mnt,
+					   br->br_perm);
+		}
+	}
+
+out:
+	ii_read_unlock(inode);
+	si_read_unlock(sb);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static struct dentry *aufs_lookup(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry,
+				  struct nameidata *nd)
+{
+	struct dentry *ret, *parent;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	int err, npositive, lc_idx;
+
+	IMustLock(dir);
+
+	sb = dir->i_sb;
+	err = si_read_lock(sb, AuLock_FLUSH | AuLock_NOPLM);
+	ret = ERR_PTR(err);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	ret = ERR_PTR(-ENAMETOOLONG);
+	if (unlikely(dentry->d_name.len > AUFS_MAX_NAMELEN))
+		goto out_si;
+	err = au_di_init(dentry);
+	ret = ERR_PTR(err);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_si;
+
+	inode = NULL;
+	npositive = 0; /* suppress a warning */
+	parent = dentry->d_parent; /* dir inode is locked */
+	di_read_lock_parent(parent, AuLock_IR);
+	err = au_alive_dir(parent);
+	if (!err)
+		err = au_digen_test(parent, au_sigen(sb));
+	if (!err) {
+		npositive = au_lkup_dentry(dentry, au_dbstart(parent),
+					   /*type*/0, nd);
+		err = npositive;
+	}
+	di_read_unlock(parent, AuLock_IR);
+	ret = ERR_PTR(err);
+	if (unlikely(err < 0))
+		goto out_unlock;
+
+	if (npositive) {
+		inode = au_new_inode(dentry, /*must_new*/0);
+		ret = (void *)inode;
+	}
+	if (IS_ERR(inode)) {
+		inode = NULL;
+		goto out_unlock;
+	}
+
+	ret = d_splice_alias(inode, dentry);
+	if (unlikely(IS_ERR(ret) && inode)) {
+		ii_write_unlock(inode);
+		lc_idx = AuLcNonDir_IIINFO;
+		if (S_ISLNK(inode->i_mode))
+			lc_idx = AuLcSymlink_IIINFO;
+		else if (S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
+			lc_idx = AuLcDir_IIINFO;
+		au_rw_class(&au_ii(inode)->ii_rwsem, au_lc_key + lc_idx);
+		iput(inode);
+	}
+
+out_unlock:
+	di_write_unlock(dentry);
+	if (unlikely(IS_ERR(ret) && inode)) {
+		lc_idx = AuLcNonDir_DIINFO;
+		if (S_ISLNK(inode->i_mode))
+			lc_idx = AuLcSymlink_DIINFO;
+		else if (S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
+			lc_idx = AuLcDir_DIINFO;
+		au_rw_class(&au_di(dentry)->di_rwsem, au_lc_key + lc_idx);
+	}
+out_si:
+	si_read_unlock(sb);
+out:
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static int au_wr_dir_cpup(struct dentry *dentry, struct dentry *parent,
+			  const unsigned char add_entry, aufs_bindex_t bcpup,
+			  aufs_bindex_t bstart)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct dentry *h_parent;
+	struct inode *h_dir;
+
+	if (add_entry)
+		IMustLock(parent->d_inode);
+	else
+		di_write_lock_parent(parent);
+
+	err = 0;
+	if (!au_h_dptr(parent, bcpup)) {
+		if (bstart < bcpup)
+			err = au_cpdown_dirs(dentry, bcpup);
+		else
+			err = au_cpup_dirs(dentry, bcpup);
+	}
+	if (!err && add_entry) {
+		h_parent = au_h_dptr(parent, bcpup);
+		h_dir = h_parent->d_inode;
+		mutex_lock_nested(&h_dir->i_mutex, AuLsc_I_PARENT);
+		err = au_lkup_neg(dentry, bcpup);
+		/* todo: no unlock here */
+		mutex_unlock(&h_dir->i_mutex);
+
+		AuDbg("bcpup %d\n", bcpup);
+		if (!err) {
+			if (!dentry->d_inode)
+				au_set_h_dptr(dentry, bstart, NULL);
+			au_update_dbrange(dentry, /*do_put_zero*/0);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!add_entry)
+		di_write_unlock(parent);
+	if (!err)
+		err = bcpup; /* success */
+
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * decide the branch and the parent dir where we will create a new entry.
+ * returns new bindex or an error.
+ * copyup the parent dir if needed.
+ */
+int au_wr_dir(struct dentry *dentry, struct dentry *src_dentry,
+	      struct au_wr_dir_args *args)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bcpup, bstart, src_bstart;
+	const unsigned char add_entry = !!au_ftest_wrdir(args->flags,
+							 ADD_ENTRY);
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct dentry *parent;
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	parent = dget_parent(dentry);
+	bstart = au_dbstart(dentry);
+	bcpup = bstart;
+	if (args->force_btgt < 0) {
+		if (src_dentry) {
+			src_bstart = au_dbstart(src_dentry);
+			if (src_bstart < bstart)
+				bcpup = src_bstart;
+		} else if (add_entry) {
+			err = AuWbrCreate(sbinfo, dentry,
+					  au_ftest_wrdir(args->flags, ISDIR));
+			bcpup = err;
+		}
+
+		if (bcpup < 0 || au_test_ro(sb, bcpup, dentry->d_inode)) {
+			if (add_entry)
+				err = AuWbrCopyup(sbinfo, dentry);
+			else {
+				if (!IS_ROOT(dentry)) {
+					di_read_lock_parent(parent, !AuLock_IR);
+					err = AuWbrCopyup(sbinfo, dentry);
+					di_read_unlock(parent, !AuLock_IR);
+				} else
+					err = AuWbrCopyup(sbinfo, dentry);
+			}
+			bcpup = err;
+			if (unlikely(err < 0))
+				goto out;
+		}
+	} else {
+		bcpup = args->force_btgt;
+		AuDebugOn(au_test_ro(sb, bcpup, dentry->d_inode));
+	}
+
+	AuDbg("bstart %d, bcpup %d\n", bstart, bcpup);
+	err = bcpup;
+	if (bcpup == bstart)
+		goto out; /* success */
+
+	/* copyup the new parent into the branch we process */
+	err = au_wr_dir_cpup(dentry, parent, add_entry, bcpup, bstart);
+	if (err >= 0) {
+		if (!dentry->d_inode) {
+			au_set_h_dptr(dentry, bstart, NULL);
+			au_set_dbstart(dentry, bcpup);
+			au_set_dbend(dentry, bcpup);
+		}
+		AuDebugOn(add_entry && !au_h_dptr(dentry, bcpup));
+	}
+
+out:
+	dput(parent);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+struct dentry *au_pinned_h_parent(struct au_pin *pin)
+{
+	if (pin && pin->parent)
+		return au_h_dptr(pin->parent, pin->bindex);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+void au_unpin(struct au_pin *p)
+{
+	if (p->h_mnt && au_ftest_pin(p->flags, MNT_WRITE))
+		mnt_drop_write(p->h_mnt);
+	if (!p->hdir)
+		return;
+
+	au_hn_imtx_unlock(p->hdir);
+	if (!au_ftest_pin(p->flags, DI_LOCKED))
+		di_read_unlock(p->parent, AuLock_IR);
+	iput(p->hdir->hi_inode);
+	dput(p->parent);
+	p->parent = NULL;
+	p->hdir = NULL;
+	p->h_mnt = NULL;
+}
+
+int au_do_pin(struct au_pin *p)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct dentry *h_dentry, *h_parent;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+	struct inode *h_dir;
+
+	err = 0;
+	sb = p->dentry->d_sb;
+	br = au_sbr(sb, p->bindex);
+	if (IS_ROOT(p->dentry)) {
+		if (au_ftest_pin(p->flags, MNT_WRITE)) {
+			p->h_mnt = br->br_mnt;
+			err = mnt_want_write(p->h_mnt);
+			if (unlikely(err)) {
+				au_fclr_pin(p->flags, MNT_WRITE);
+				goto out_err;
+			}
+		}
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	h_dentry = NULL;
+	if (p->bindex <= au_dbend(p->dentry))
+		h_dentry = au_h_dptr(p->dentry, p->bindex);
+
+	p->parent = dget_parent(p->dentry);
+	if (!au_ftest_pin(p->flags, DI_LOCKED))
+		di_read_lock(p->parent, AuLock_IR, p->lsc_di);
+
+	h_dir = NULL;
+	h_parent = au_h_dptr(p->parent, p->bindex);
+	p->hdir = au_hi(p->parent->d_inode, p->bindex);
+	if (p->hdir)
+		h_dir = p->hdir->hi_inode;
+
+	/*
+	 * udba case, or
+	 * if DI_LOCKED is not set, then p->parent may be different
+	 * and h_parent can be NULL.
+	 */
+	if (unlikely(!p->hdir || !h_dir || !h_parent)) {
+		err = -EBUSY;
+		if (!au_ftest_pin(p->flags, DI_LOCKED))
+			di_read_unlock(p->parent, AuLock_IR);
+		dput(p->parent);
+		p->parent = NULL;
+		goto out_err;
+	}
+
+	au_igrab(h_dir);
+	au_hn_imtx_lock_nested(p->hdir, p->lsc_hi);
+
+	if (unlikely(p->hdir->hi_inode != h_parent->d_inode)) {
+		err = -EBUSY;
+		goto out_unpin;
+	}
+	if (h_dentry) {
+		err = au_h_verify(h_dentry, p->udba, h_dir, h_parent, br);
+		if (unlikely(err)) {
+			au_fclr_pin(p->flags, MNT_WRITE);
+			goto out_unpin;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (au_ftest_pin(p->flags, MNT_WRITE)) {
+		p->h_mnt = br->br_mnt;
+		err = mnt_want_write(p->h_mnt);
+		if (unlikely(err)) {
+			au_fclr_pin(p->flags, MNT_WRITE);
+			goto out_unpin;
+		}
+	}
+	goto out; /* success */
+
+out_unpin:
+	au_unpin(p);
+out_err:
+	pr_err("err %d\n", err);
+	err = au_busy_or_stale();
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+void au_pin_init(struct au_pin *p, struct dentry *dentry,
+		 aufs_bindex_t bindex, int lsc_di, int lsc_hi,
+		 unsigned int udba, unsigned char flags)
+{
+	p->dentry = dentry;
+	p->udba = udba;
+	p->lsc_di = lsc_di;
+	p->lsc_hi = lsc_hi;
+	p->flags = flags;
+	p->bindex = bindex;
+
+	p->parent = NULL;
+	p->hdir = NULL;
+	p->h_mnt = NULL;
+}
+
+int au_pin(struct au_pin *pin, struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+	   unsigned int udba, unsigned char flags)
+{
+	au_pin_init(pin, dentry, bindex, AuLsc_DI_PARENT, AuLsc_I_PARENT2,
+		    udba, flags);
+	return au_do_pin(pin);
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/*
+ * ->setattr() and ->getattr() are called in various cases.
+ * chmod, stat: dentry is revalidated.
+ * fchmod, fstat: file and dentry are not revalidated, additionally they may be
+ *		  unhashed.
+ * for ->setattr(), ia->ia_file is passed from ftruncate only.
+ */
+/* todo: consolidate with do_refresh() and simple_reval_dpath() */
+static int au_reval_for_attr(struct dentry *dentry, unsigned int sigen)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct dentry *parent;
+
+	err = 0;
+	inode = dentry->d_inode;
+	if (au_digen_test(dentry, sigen)) {
+		parent = dget_parent(dentry);
+		di_read_lock_parent(parent, AuLock_IR);
+		err = au_refresh_dentry(dentry, parent);
+		di_read_unlock(parent, AuLock_IR);
+		dput(parent);
+	}
+
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+#define AuIcpup_DID_CPUP	1
+#define au_ftest_icpup(flags, name)	((flags) & AuIcpup_##name)
+#define au_fset_icpup(flags, name) \
+	do { (flags) |= AuIcpup_##name; } while (0)
+#define au_fclr_icpup(flags, name) \
+	do { (flags) &= ~AuIcpup_##name; } while (0)
+
+struct au_icpup_args {
+	unsigned char flags;
+	unsigned char pin_flags;
+	aufs_bindex_t btgt;
+	unsigned int udba;
+	struct au_pin pin;
+	struct path h_path;
+	struct inode *h_inode;
+};
+
+static int au_pin_and_icpup(struct dentry *dentry, struct iattr *ia,
+			    struct au_icpup_args *a)
+{
+	int err;
+	loff_t sz;
+	aufs_bindex_t bstart, ibstart;
+	struct dentry *hi_wh, *parent;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct file *h_file;
+	struct au_wr_dir_args wr_dir_args = {
+		.force_btgt	= -1,
+		.flags		= 0
+	};
+
+	bstart = au_dbstart(dentry);
+	inode = dentry->d_inode;
+	if (S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
+		au_fset_wrdir(wr_dir_args.flags, ISDIR);
+	/* plink or hi_wh() case */
+	ibstart = au_ibstart(inode);
+	if (bstart != ibstart && !au_test_ro(inode->i_sb, ibstart, inode))
+		wr_dir_args.force_btgt = ibstart;
+	err = au_wr_dir(dentry, /*src_dentry*/NULL, &wr_dir_args);
+	if (unlikely(err < 0))
+		goto out;
+	a->btgt = err;
+	if (err != bstart)
+		au_fset_icpup(a->flags, DID_CPUP);
+
+	err = 0;
+	a->pin_flags = AuPin_MNT_WRITE;
+	parent = NULL;
+	if (!IS_ROOT(dentry)) {
+		au_fset_pin(a->pin_flags, DI_LOCKED);
+		parent = dget_parent(dentry);
+		di_write_lock_parent(parent);
+	}
+
+	err = au_pin(&a->pin, dentry, a->btgt, a->udba, a->pin_flags);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_parent;
+
+	a->h_path.dentry = au_h_dptr(dentry, bstart);
+	a->h_inode = a->h_path.dentry->d_inode;
+	mutex_lock_nested(&a->h_inode->i_mutex, AuLsc_I_CHILD);
+	sz = -1;
+	if ((ia->ia_valid & ATTR_SIZE) && ia->ia_size < i_size_read(a->h_inode))
+		sz = ia->ia_size;
+
+	h_file = NULL;
+	hi_wh = NULL;
+	if (au_ftest_icpup(a->flags, DID_CPUP) && d_unlinked(dentry)) {
+		hi_wh = au_hi_wh(inode, a->btgt);
+		if (!hi_wh) {
+			err = au_sio_cpup_wh(dentry, a->btgt, sz, /*file*/NULL);
+			if (unlikely(err))
+				goto out_unlock;
+			hi_wh = au_hi_wh(inode, a->btgt);
+			/* todo: revalidate hi_wh? */
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (parent) {
+		au_pin_set_parent_lflag(&a->pin, /*lflag*/0);
+		di_downgrade_lock(parent, AuLock_IR);
+		dput(parent);
+		parent = NULL;
+	}
+	if (!au_ftest_icpup(a->flags, DID_CPUP))
+		goto out; /* success */
+
+	if (!d_unhashed(dentry)) {
+		h_file = au_h_open_pre(dentry, bstart);
+		if (IS_ERR(h_file)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(h_file);
+			h_file = NULL;
+		} else
+			err = au_sio_cpup_simple(dentry, a->btgt, sz,
+						 AuCpup_DTIME);
+		if (!err)
+			a->h_path.dentry = au_h_dptr(dentry, a->btgt);
+	} else if (!hi_wh)
+		a->h_path.dentry = au_h_dptr(dentry, a->btgt);
+	else
+		a->h_path.dentry = hi_wh; /* do not dget here */
+
+out_unlock:
+	mutex_unlock(&a->h_inode->i_mutex);
+	au_h_open_post(dentry, bstart, h_file);
+	a->h_inode = a->h_path.dentry->d_inode;
+	if (!err) {
+		mutex_lock_nested(&a->h_inode->i_mutex, AuLsc_I_CHILD);
+		goto out; /* success */
+	}
+
+	au_unpin(&a->pin);
+out_parent:
+	if (parent) {
+		di_write_unlock(parent);
+		dput(parent);
+	}
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int aufs_setattr(struct dentry *dentry, struct iattr *ia)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct file *file;
+	struct au_icpup_args *a;
+
+	inode = dentry->d_inode;
+	IMustLock(inode);
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	a = kzalloc(sizeof(*a), GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(!a))
+		goto out;
+
+	if (ia->ia_valid & (ATTR_KILL_SUID | ATTR_KILL_SGID))
+		ia->ia_valid &= ~ATTR_MODE;
+
+	file = NULL;
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	err = si_read_lock(sb, AuLock_FLUSH | AuLock_NOPLM);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_kfree;
+
+	if (ia->ia_valid & ATTR_FILE) {
+		/* currently ftruncate(2) only */
+		AuDebugOn(!S_ISREG(inode->i_mode));
+		file = ia->ia_file;
+		err = au_reval_and_lock_fdi(file, au_reopen_nondir, /*wlock*/1);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out_si;
+		ia->ia_file = au_hf_top(file);
+		a->udba = AuOpt_UDBA_NONE;
+	} else {
+		/* fchmod() doesn't pass ia_file */
+		a->udba = au_opt_udba(sb);
+		di_write_lock_child(dentry);
+		/* no d_unlinked(), to set UDBA_NONE for root */
+		if (d_unhashed(dentry))
+			a->udba = AuOpt_UDBA_NONE;
+		if (a->udba != AuOpt_UDBA_NONE) {
+			AuDebugOn(IS_ROOT(dentry));
+			err = au_reval_for_attr(dentry, au_sigen(sb));
+			if (unlikely(err))
+				goto out_dentry;
+		}
+	}
+
+	err = au_pin_and_icpup(dentry, ia, a);
+	if (unlikely(err < 0))
+		goto out_dentry;
+	if (au_ftest_icpup(a->flags, DID_CPUP)) {
+		ia->ia_file = NULL;
+		ia->ia_valid &= ~ATTR_FILE;
+	}
+
+	a->h_path.mnt = au_sbr_mnt(sb, a->btgt);
+	if ((ia->ia_valid & (ATTR_MODE | ATTR_CTIME))
+	    == (ATTR_MODE | ATTR_CTIME)) {
+		err = security_path_chmod(&a->h_path, ia->ia_mode);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out_unlock;
+	} else if ((ia->ia_valid & (ATTR_UID | ATTR_GID))
+		   && (ia->ia_valid & ATTR_CTIME)) {
+		err = security_path_chown(&a->h_path, ia->ia_uid, ia->ia_gid);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out_unlock;
+	}
+
+	if (ia->ia_valid & ATTR_SIZE) {
+		struct file *f;
+
+		if (ia->ia_size < i_size_read(inode))
+			/* unmap only */
+			truncate_setsize(inode, ia->ia_size);
+
+		f = NULL;
+		if (ia->ia_valid & ATTR_FILE)
+			f = ia->ia_file;
+		mutex_unlock(&a->h_inode->i_mutex);
+		err = vfsub_trunc(&a->h_path, ia->ia_size, ia->ia_valid, f);
+		mutex_lock_nested(&a->h_inode->i_mutex, AuLsc_I_CHILD);
+	} else
+		err = vfsub_notify_change(&a->h_path, ia);
+	if (!err)
+		au_cpup_attr_changeable(inode);
+
+out_unlock:
+	mutex_unlock(&a->h_inode->i_mutex);
+	au_unpin(&a->pin);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		au_update_dbstart(dentry);
+out_dentry:
+	di_write_unlock(dentry);
+	if (file) {
+		fi_write_unlock(file);
+		ia->ia_file = file;
+		ia->ia_valid |= ATTR_FILE;
+	}
+out_si:
+	si_read_unlock(sb);
+out_kfree:
+	kfree(a);
+out:
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static void au_refresh_iattr(struct inode *inode, struct kstat *st,
+			     unsigned int nlink)
+{
+	unsigned int n;
+
+	inode->i_mode = st->mode;
+	inode->i_uid = st->uid;
+	inode->i_gid = st->gid;
+	inode->i_atime = st->atime;
+	inode->i_mtime = st->mtime;
+	inode->i_ctime = st->ctime;
+
+	au_cpup_attr_nlink(inode, /*force*/0);
+	if (S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode)) {
+		n = inode->i_nlink;
+		n -= nlink;
+		n += st->nlink;
+		set_nlink(inode, n);
+	}
+
+	spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
+	inode->i_blocks = st->blocks;
+	i_size_write(inode, st->size);
+	spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
+}
+
+static int aufs_getattr(struct vfsmount *mnt __maybe_unused,
+			struct dentry *dentry, struct kstat *st)
+{
+	int err;
+	unsigned int mnt_flags;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex;
+	unsigned char udba_none, positive;
+	struct super_block *sb, *h_sb;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct vfsmount *h_mnt;
+	struct dentry *h_dentry;
+
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	inode = dentry->d_inode;
+	err = si_read_lock(sb, AuLock_FLUSH | AuLock_NOPLM);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+	mnt_flags = au_mntflags(sb);
+	udba_none = !!au_opt_test(mnt_flags, UDBA_NONE);
+
+	/* support fstat(2) */
+	if (!d_unlinked(dentry) && !udba_none) {
+		unsigned int sigen = au_sigen(sb);
+		err = au_digen_test(dentry, sigen);
+		if (!err) {
+			di_read_lock_child(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+			err = au_dbrange_test(dentry);
+			if (unlikely(err))
+				goto out_unlock;
+		} else {
+			AuDebugOn(IS_ROOT(dentry));
+			di_write_lock_child(dentry);
+			err = au_dbrange_test(dentry);
+			if (!err)
+				err = au_reval_for_attr(dentry, sigen);
+			di_downgrade_lock(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+			if (unlikely(err))
+				goto out_unlock;
+		}
+	} else
+		di_read_lock_child(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+
+	bindex = au_ibstart(inode);
+	h_mnt = au_sbr_mnt(sb, bindex);
+	h_sb = h_mnt->mnt_sb;
+	if (!au_test_fs_bad_iattr(h_sb) && udba_none)
+		goto out_fill; /* success */
+
+	h_dentry = NULL;
+	if (au_dbstart(dentry) == bindex)
+		h_dentry = dget(au_h_dptr(dentry, bindex));
+	else if (au_opt_test(mnt_flags, PLINK) && au_plink_test(inode)) {
+		h_dentry = au_plink_lkup(inode, bindex);
+		if (IS_ERR(h_dentry))
+			goto out_fill; /* pretending success */
+	}
+	/* illegally overlapped or something */
+	if (unlikely(!h_dentry))
+		goto out_fill; /* pretending success */
+
+	positive = !!h_dentry->d_inode;
+	if (positive)
+		err = vfs_getattr(h_mnt, h_dentry, st);
+	dput(h_dentry);
+	if (!err) {
+		if (positive)
+			au_refresh_iattr(inode, st, h_dentry->d_inode->i_nlink);
+		goto out_fill; /* success */
+	}
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	goto out_unlock;
+
+out_fill:
+	generic_fillattr(inode, st);
+out_unlock:
+	di_read_unlock(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+	si_read_unlock(sb);
+out:
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static int h_readlink(struct dentry *dentry, int bindex, char __user *buf,
+		      int bufsiz)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct dentry *h_dentry;
+
+	err = -EINVAL;
+	h_dentry = au_h_dptr(dentry, bindex);
+	if (unlikely(!h_dentry->d_inode->i_op->readlink))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = security_inode_readlink(h_dentry);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	if (!au_test_ro(sb, bindex, dentry->d_inode)) {
+		vfsub_touch_atime(au_sbr_mnt(sb, bindex), h_dentry);
+		fsstack_copy_attr_atime(dentry->d_inode, h_dentry->d_inode);
+	}
+	err = h_dentry->d_inode->i_op->readlink(h_dentry, buf, bufsiz);
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int aufs_readlink(struct dentry *dentry, char __user *buf, int bufsiz)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	err = aufs_read_lock(dentry, AuLock_IR | AuLock_GEN);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+	err = au_d_hashed_positive(dentry);
+	if (!err)
+		err = h_readlink(dentry, au_dbstart(dentry), buf, bufsiz);
+	aufs_read_unlock(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static void *aufs_follow_link(struct dentry *dentry, struct nameidata *nd)
+{
+	int err;
+	mm_segment_t old_fs;
+	union {
+		char *k;
+		char __user *u;
+	} buf;
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	buf.k = __getname_gfp(GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(!buf.k))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = aufs_read_lock(dentry, AuLock_IR | AuLock_GEN);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_name;
+
+	err = au_d_hashed_positive(dentry);
+	if (!err) {
+		old_fs = get_fs();
+		set_fs(KERNEL_DS);
+		err = h_readlink(dentry, au_dbstart(dentry), buf.u, PATH_MAX);
+		set_fs(old_fs);
+	}
+	aufs_read_unlock(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+
+	if (err >= 0) {
+		buf.k[err] = 0;
+		/* will be freed by put_link */
+		nd_set_link(nd, buf.k);
+		return NULL; /* success */
+	}
+
+out_name:
+	__putname(buf.k);
+out:
+	path_put(&nd->path);
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return ERR_PTR(err);
+}
+
+static void aufs_put_link(struct dentry *dentry __maybe_unused,
+			  struct nameidata *nd, void *cookie __maybe_unused)
+{
+	__putname(nd_get_link(nd));
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void aufs_truncate_range(struct inode *inode __maybe_unused,
+				loff_t start __maybe_unused,
+				loff_t end __maybe_unused)
+{
+	AuUnsupport();
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+struct inode_operations aufs_symlink_iop = {
+	.permission	= aufs_permission,
+	.setattr	= aufs_setattr,
+	.getattr	= aufs_getattr,
+	.readlink	= aufs_readlink,
+	.follow_link	= aufs_follow_link,
+	.put_link	= aufs_put_link
+};
+
+struct inode_operations aufs_dir_iop = {
+	.create		= aufs_create,
+	.lookup		= aufs_lookup,
+	.link		= aufs_link,
+	.unlink		= aufs_unlink,
+	.symlink	= aufs_symlink,
+	.mkdir		= aufs_mkdir,
+	.rmdir		= aufs_rmdir,
+	.mknod		= aufs_mknod,
+	.rename		= aufs_rename,
+
+	.permission	= aufs_permission,
+	.setattr	= aufs_setattr,
+	.getattr	= aufs_getattr
+};
+
+struct inode_operations aufs_iop = {
+	.permission	= aufs_permission,
+	.setattr	= aufs_setattr,
+	.getattr	= aufs_getattr,
+	.truncate_range	= aufs_truncate_range
+};
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/i_op_add.c b/ubuntu/aufs/i_op_add.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c5255c6a7b9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/i_op_add.c
@@ -0,0 +1,711 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * inode operations (add entry)
+ */
+
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+/*
+ * final procedure of adding a new entry, except link(2).
+ * remove whiteout, instantiate, copyup the parent dir's times and size
+ * and update version.
+ * if it failed, re-create the removed whiteout.
+ */
+static int epilog(struct inode *dir, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+		  struct dentry *wh_dentry, struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	int err, rerr;
+	aufs_bindex_t bwh;
+	struct path h_path;
+	struct inode *inode, *h_dir;
+	struct dentry *wh;
+
+	bwh = -1;
+	if (wh_dentry) {
+		h_dir = wh_dentry->d_parent->d_inode; /* dir inode is locked */
+		IMustLock(h_dir);
+		AuDebugOn(au_h_iptr(dir, bindex) != h_dir);
+		bwh = au_dbwh(dentry);
+		h_path.dentry = wh_dentry;
+		h_path.mnt = au_sbr_mnt(dir->i_sb, bindex);
+		err = au_wh_unlink_dentry(au_h_iptr(dir, bindex), &h_path,
+					  dentry);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	inode = au_new_inode(dentry, /*must_new*/1);
+	if (!IS_ERR(inode)) {
+		d_instantiate(dentry, inode);
+		dir = dentry->d_parent->d_inode; /* dir inode is locked */
+		IMustLock(dir);
+		if (au_ibstart(dir) == au_dbstart(dentry))
+			au_cpup_attr_timesizes(dir);
+		dir->i_version++;
+		return 0; /* success */
+	}
+
+	err = PTR_ERR(inode);
+	if (!wh_dentry)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* revert */
+	/* dir inode is locked */
+	wh = au_wh_create(dentry, bwh, wh_dentry->d_parent);
+	rerr = PTR_ERR(wh);
+	if (IS_ERR(wh)) {
+		AuIOErr("%.*s reverting whiteout failed(%d, %d)\n",
+			AuDLNPair(dentry), err, rerr);
+		err = -EIO;
+	} else
+		dput(wh);
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int au_d_may_add(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	err = 0;
+	if (unlikely(d_unhashed(dentry)))
+		err = -ENOENT;
+	if (unlikely(dentry->d_inode))
+		err = -EEXIST;
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * simple tests for the adding inode operations.
+ * following the checks in vfs, plus the parent-child relationship.
+ */
+int au_may_add(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+	       struct dentry *h_parent, int isdir)
+{
+	int err;
+	umode_t h_mode;
+	struct dentry *h_dentry;
+	struct inode *h_inode;
+
+	err = -ENAMETOOLONG;
+	if (unlikely(dentry->d_name.len > AUFS_MAX_NAMELEN))
+		goto out;
+
+	h_dentry = au_h_dptr(dentry, bindex);
+	h_inode = h_dentry->d_inode;
+	if (!dentry->d_inode) {
+		err = -EEXIST;
+		if (unlikely(h_inode))
+			goto out;
+	} else {
+		/* rename(2) case */
+		err = -EIO;
+		if (unlikely(!h_inode || !h_inode->i_nlink))
+			goto out;
+
+		h_mode = h_inode->i_mode;
+		if (!isdir) {
+			err = -EISDIR;
+			if (unlikely(S_ISDIR(h_mode)))
+				goto out;
+		} else if (unlikely(!S_ISDIR(h_mode))) {
+			err = -ENOTDIR;
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	err = 0;
+	/* expected parent dir is locked */
+	if (unlikely(h_parent != h_dentry->d_parent))
+		err = -EIO;
+
+out:
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * initial procedure of adding a new entry.
+ * prepare writable branch and the parent dir, lock it,
+ * and lookup whiteout for the new entry.
+ */
+static struct dentry*
+lock_hdir_lkup_wh(struct dentry *dentry, struct au_dtime *dt,
+		  struct dentry *src_dentry, struct au_pin *pin,
+		  struct au_wr_dir_args *wr_dir_args)
+{
+	struct dentry *wh_dentry, *h_parent;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+	int err;
+	unsigned int udba;
+	aufs_bindex_t bcpup;
+
+	AuDbg("%.*s\n", AuDLNPair(dentry));
+
+	err = au_wr_dir(dentry, src_dentry, wr_dir_args);
+	bcpup = err;
+	wh_dentry = ERR_PTR(err);
+	if (unlikely(err < 0))
+		goto out;
+
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	udba = au_opt_udba(sb);
+	err = au_pin(pin, dentry, bcpup, udba,
+		     AuPin_DI_LOCKED | AuPin_MNT_WRITE);
+	wh_dentry = ERR_PTR(err);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	h_parent = au_pinned_h_parent(pin);
+	if (udba != AuOpt_UDBA_NONE
+	    && au_dbstart(dentry) == bcpup)
+		err = au_may_add(dentry, bcpup, h_parent,
+				 au_ftest_wrdir(wr_dir_args->flags, ISDIR));
+	else if (unlikely(dentry->d_name.len > AUFS_MAX_NAMELEN))
+		err = -ENAMETOOLONG;
+	wh_dentry = ERR_PTR(err);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_unpin;
+
+	br = au_sbr(sb, bcpup);
+	if (dt) {
+		struct path tmp = {
+			.dentry	= h_parent,
+			.mnt	= br->br_mnt
+		};
+		au_dtime_store(dt, au_pinned_parent(pin), &tmp);
+	}
+
+	wh_dentry = NULL;
+	if (bcpup != au_dbwh(dentry))
+		goto out; /* success */
+
+	wh_dentry = au_wh_lkup(h_parent, &dentry->d_name, br);
+
+out_unpin:
+	if (IS_ERR(wh_dentry))
+		au_unpin(pin);
+out:
+	return wh_dentry;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+enum { Mknod, Symlink, Creat };
+struct simple_arg {
+	int type;
+	union {
+		struct {
+			int mode;
+			struct nameidata *nd;
+		} c;
+		struct {
+			const char *symname;
+		} s;
+		struct {
+			int mode;
+			dev_t dev;
+		} m;
+	} u;
+};
+
+static int add_simple(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry,
+		      struct simple_arg *arg)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bstart;
+	unsigned char created;
+	struct au_dtime dt;
+	struct au_pin pin;
+	struct path h_path;
+	struct dentry *wh_dentry, *parent;
+	struct inode *h_dir;
+	struct au_wr_dir_args wr_dir_args = {
+		.force_btgt	= -1,
+		.flags		= AuWrDir_ADD_ENTRY
+	};
+
+	AuDbg("%.*s\n", AuDLNPair(dentry));
+	IMustLock(dir);
+
+	parent = dentry->d_parent; /* dir inode is locked */
+	err = aufs_read_lock(dentry, AuLock_DW | AuLock_GEN);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+	err = au_d_may_add(dentry);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_unlock;
+	di_write_lock_parent(parent);
+	wh_dentry = lock_hdir_lkup_wh(dentry, &dt, /*src_dentry*/NULL, &pin,
+				      &wr_dir_args);
+	err = PTR_ERR(wh_dentry);
+	if (IS_ERR(wh_dentry))
+		goto out_parent;
+
+	bstart = au_dbstart(dentry);
+	h_path.dentry = au_h_dptr(dentry, bstart);
+	h_path.mnt = au_sbr_mnt(dentry->d_sb, bstart);
+	h_dir = au_pinned_h_dir(&pin);
+	switch (arg->type) {
+	case Creat:
+		err = vfsub_create(h_dir, &h_path, arg->u.c.mode);
+		break;
+	case Symlink:
+		err = vfsub_symlink(h_dir, &h_path, arg->u.s.symname);
+		break;
+	case Mknod:
+		err = vfsub_mknod(h_dir, &h_path, arg->u.m.mode, arg->u.m.dev);
+		break;
+	default:
+		BUG();
+	}
+	created = !err;
+	if (!err)
+		err = epilog(dir, bstart, wh_dentry, dentry);
+
+	/* revert */
+	if (unlikely(created && err && h_path.dentry->d_inode)) {
+		int rerr;
+		rerr = vfsub_unlink(h_dir, &h_path, /*force*/0);
+		if (rerr) {
+			AuIOErr("%.*s revert failure(%d, %d)\n",
+				AuDLNPair(dentry), err, rerr);
+			err = -EIO;
+		}
+		au_dtime_revert(&dt);
+	}
+
+	au_unpin(&pin);
+	dput(wh_dentry);
+
+out_parent:
+	di_write_unlock(parent);
+out_unlock:
+	if (unlikely(err)) {
+		au_update_dbstart(dentry);
+		d_drop(dentry);
+	}
+	aufs_read_unlock(dentry, AuLock_DW);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+int aufs_mknod(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, int mode, dev_t dev)
+{
+	struct simple_arg arg = {
+		.type = Mknod,
+		.u.m = {
+			.mode	= mode,
+			.dev	= dev
+		}
+	};
+	return add_simple(dir, dentry, &arg);
+}
+
+int aufs_symlink(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, const char *symname)
+{
+	struct simple_arg arg = {
+		.type = Symlink,
+		.u.s.symname = symname
+	};
+	return add_simple(dir, dentry, &arg);
+}
+
+int aufs_create(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, int mode,
+		struct nameidata *nd)
+{
+	struct simple_arg arg = {
+		.type = Creat,
+		.u.c = {
+			.mode	= mode,
+			.nd	= nd
+		}
+	};
+	return add_simple(dir, dentry, &arg);
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+struct au_link_args {
+	aufs_bindex_t bdst, bsrc;
+	struct au_pin pin;
+	struct path h_path;
+	struct dentry *src_parent, *parent;
+};
+
+static int au_cpup_before_link(struct dentry *src_dentry,
+			       struct au_link_args *a)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct dentry *h_src_dentry;
+	struct mutex *h_mtx;
+	struct file *h_file;
+
+	di_read_lock_parent(a->src_parent, AuLock_IR);
+	err = au_test_and_cpup_dirs(src_dentry, a->bdst);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	h_src_dentry = au_h_dptr(src_dentry, a->bsrc);
+	h_mtx = &h_src_dentry->d_inode->i_mutex;
+	err = au_pin(&a->pin, src_dentry, a->bdst,
+		     au_opt_udba(src_dentry->d_sb),
+		     AuPin_DI_LOCKED | AuPin_MNT_WRITE);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+	mutex_lock_nested(h_mtx, AuLsc_I_CHILD);
+	h_file = au_h_open_pre(src_dentry, a->bsrc);
+	if (IS_ERR(h_file)) {
+		err = PTR_ERR(h_file);
+		h_file = NULL;
+	} else
+		err = au_sio_cpup_simple(src_dentry, a->bdst, -1,
+					 AuCpup_DTIME /* | AuCpup_KEEPLINO */);
+	mutex_unlock(h_mtx);
+	au_h_open_post(src_dentry, a->bsrc, h_file);
+	au_unpin(&a->pin);
+
+out:
+	di_read_unlock(a->src_parent, AuLock_IR);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int au_cpup_or_link(struct dentry *src_dentry, struct au_link_args *a)
+{
+	int err;
+	unsigned char plink;
+	struct inode *h_inode, *inode;
+	struct dentry *h_src_dentry;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct file *h_file;
+
+	plink = 0;
+	h_inode = NULL;
+	sb = src_dentry->d_sb;
+	inode = src_dentry->d_inode;
+	if (au_ibstart(inode) <= a->bdst)
+		h_inode = au_h_iptr(inode, a->bdst);
+	if (!h_inode || !h_inode->i_nlink) {
+		/* copyup src_dentry as the name of dentry. */
+		au_set_dbstart(src_dentry, a->bdst);
+		au_set_h_dptr(src_dentry, a->bdst, dget(a->h_path.dentry));
+		h_inode = au_h_dptr(src_dentry, a->bsrc)->d_inode;
+		mutex_lock_nested(&h_inode->i_mutex, AuLsc_I_CHILD);
+		h_file = au_h_open_pre(src_dentry, a->bsrc);
+		if (IS_ERR(h_file)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(h_file);
+			h_file = NULL;
+		} else
+			err = au_sio_cpup_single(src_dentry, a->bdst, a->bsrc,
+						 -1, AuCpup_KEEPLINO,
+						 a->parent);
+		mutex_unlock(&h_inode->i_mutex);
+		au_h_open_post(src_dentry, a->bsrc, h_file);
+		au_set_h_dptr(src_dentry, a->bdst, NULL);
+		au_set_dbstart(src_dentry, a->bsrc);
+	} else {
+		/* the inode of src_dentry already exists on a.bdst branch */
+		h_src_dentry = d_find_alias(h_inode);
+		if (!h_src_dentry && au_plink_test(inode)) {
+			plink = 1;
+			h_src_dentry = au_plink_lkup(inode, a->bdst);
+			err = PTR_ERR(h_src_dentry);
+			if (IS_ERR(h_src_dentry))
+				goto out;
+
+			if (unlikely(!h_src_dentry->d_inode)) {
+				dput(h_src_dentry);
+				h_src_dentry = NULL;
+			}
+
+		}
+		if (h_src_dentry) {
+			err = vfsub_link(h_src_dentry, au_pinned_h_dir(&a->pin),
+					 &a->h_path);
+			dput(h_src_dentry);
+		} else {
+			AuIOErr("no dentry found for hi%lu on b%d\n",
+				h_inode->i_ino, a->bdst);
+			err = -EIO;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!err && !plink)
+		au_plink_append(inode, a->bdst, a->h_path.dentry);
+
+out:
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+int aufs_link(struct dentry *src_dentry, struct inode *dir,
+	      struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	int err, rerr;
+	struct au_dtime dt;
+	struct au_link_args *a;
+	struct dentry *wh_dentry, *h_src_dentry;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct au_wr_dir_args wr_dir_args = {
+		/* .force_btgt	= -1, */
+		.flags		= AuWrDir_ADD_ENTRY
+	};
+
+	IMustLock(dir);
+	inode = src_dentry->d_inode;
+	IMustLock(inode);
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	a = kzalloc(sizeof(*a), GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(!a))
+		goto out;
+
+	a->parent = dentry->d_parent; /* dir inode is locked */
+	err = aufs_read_and_write_lock2(dentry, src_dentry,
+					AuLock_NOPLM | AuLock_GEN);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_kfree;
+	err = au_d_hashed_positive(src_dentry);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_unlock;
+	err = au_d_may_add(dentry);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_unlock;
+
+	a->src_parent = dget_parent(src_dentry);
+	wr_dir_args.force_btgt = au_ibstart(inode);
+
+	di_write_lock_parent(a->parent);
+	wr_dir_args.force_btgt = au_wbr(dentry, wr_dir_args.force_btgt);
+	wh_dentry = lock_hdir_lkup_wh(dentry, &dt, src_dentry, &a->pin,
+				      &wr_dir_args);
+	err = PTR_ERR(wh_dentry);
+	if (IS_ERR(wh_dentry))
+		goto out_parent;
+
+	err = 0;
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	a->bdst = au_dbstart(dentry);
+	a->h_path.dentry = au_h_dptr(dentry, a->bdst);
+	a->h_path.mnt = au_sbr_mnt(sb, a->bdst);
+	a->bsrc = au_ibstart(inode);
+	h_src_dentry = au_h_d_alias(src_dentry, a->bsrc);
+	if (!h_src_dentry) {
+		a->bsrc = au_dbstart(src_dentry);
+		h_src_dentry = au_h_d_alias(src_dentry, a->bsrc);
+		AuDebugOn(!h_src_dentry);
+	} else if (IS_ERR(h_src_dentry))
+		goto out_parent;
+
+	if (au_opt_test(au_mntflags(sb), PLINK)) {
+		if (a->bdst < a->bsrc
+		    /* && h_src_dentry->d_sb != a->h_path.dentry->d_sb */)
+			err = au_cpup_or_link(src_dentry, a);
+		else
+			err = vfsub_link(h_src_dentry, au_pinned_h_dir(&a->pin),
+					 &a->h_path);
+		dput(h_src_dentry);
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * copyup src_dentry to the branch we process,
+		 * and then link(2) to it.
+		 */
+		dput(h_src_dentry);
+		if (a->bdst < a->bsrc
+		    /* && h_src_dentry->d_sb != a->h_path.dentry->d_sb */) {
+			au_unpin(&a->pin);
+			di_write_unlock(a->parent);
+			err = au_cpup_before_link(src_dentry, a);
+			di_write_lock_parent(a->parent);
+			if (!err)
+				err = au_pin(&a->pin, dentry, a->bdst,
+					     au_opt_udba(sb),
+					     AuPin_DI_LOCKED | AuPin_MNT_WRITE);
+			if (unlikely(err))
+				goto out_wh;
+		}
+		if (!err) {
+			h_src_dentry = au_h_dptr(src_dentry, a->bdst);
+			err = -ENOENT;
+			if (h_src_dentry && h_src_dentry->d_inode)
+				err = vfsub_link(h_src_dentry,
+						 au_pinned_h_dir(&a->pin),
+						 &a->h_path);
+		}
+	}
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_unpin;
+
+	if (wh_dentry) {
+		a->h_path.dentry = wh_dentry;
+		err = au_wh_unlink_dentry(au_pinned_h_dir(&a->pin), &a->h_path,
+					  dentry);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out_revert;
+	}
+
+	dir->i_version++;
+	if (au_ibstart(dir) == au_dbstart(dentry))
+		au_cpup_attr_timesizes(dir);
+	inc_nlink(inode);
+	inode->i_ctime = dir->i_ctime;
+	d_instantiate(dentry, au_igrab(inode));
+	if (d_unhashed(a->h_path.dentry))
+		/* some filesystem calls d_drop() */
+		d_drop(dentry);
+	goto out_unpin; /* success */
+
+out_revert:
+	rerr = vfsub_unlink(au_pinned_h_dir(&a->pin), &a->h_path, /*force*/0);
+	if (unlikely(rerr)) {
+		AuIOErr("%.*s reverting failed(%d, %d)\n",
+			AuDLNPair(dentry), err, rerr);
+		err = -EIO;
+	}
+	au_dtime_revert(&dt);
+out_unpin:
+	au_unpin(&a->pin);
+out_wh:
+	dput(wh_dentry);
+out_parent:
+	di_write_unlock(a->parent);
+	dput(a->src_parent);
+out_unlock:
+	if (unlikely(err)) {
+		au_update_dbstart(dentry);
+		d_drop(dentry);
+	}
+	aufs_read_and_write_unlock2(dentry, src_dentry);
+out_kfree:
+	kfree(a);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+int aufs_mkdir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, int mode)
+{
+	int err, rerr;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex;
+	unsigned char diropq;
+	struct path h_path;
+	struct dentry *wh_dentry, *parent, *opq_dentry;
+	struct mutex *h_mtx;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct {
+		struct au_pin pin;
+		struct au_dtime dt;
+	} *a; /* reduce the stack usage */
+	struct au_wr_dir_args wr_dir_args = {
+		.force_btgt	= -1,
+		.flags		= AuWrDir_ADD_ENTRY | AuWrDir_ISDIR
+	};
+
+	IMustLock(dir);
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	a = kmalloc(sizeof(*a), GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(!a))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = aufs_read_lock(dentry, AuLock_DW | AuLock_GEN);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_free;
+	err = au_d_may_add(dentry);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_unlock;
+
+	parent = dentry->d_parent; /* dir inode is locked */
+	di_write_lock_parent(parent);
+	wh_dentry = lock_hdir_lkup_wh(dentry, &a->dt, /*src_dentry*/NULL,
+				      &a->pin, &wr_dir_args);
+	err = PTR_ERR(wh_dentry);
+	if (IS_ERR(wh_dentry))
+		goto out_parent;
+
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	bindex = au_dbstart(dentry);
+	h_path.dentry = au_h_dptr(dentry, bindex);
+	h_path.mnt = au_sbr_mnt(sb, bindex);
+	err = vfsub_mkdir(au_pinned_h_dir(&a->pin), &h_path, mode);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_unpin;
+
+	/* make the dir opaque */
+	diropq = 0;
+	h_mtx = &h_path.dentry->d_inode->i_mutex;
+	if (wh_dentry
+	    || au_opt_test(au_mntflags(sb), ALWAYS_DIROPQ)) {
+		mutex_lock_nested(h_mtx, AuLsc_I_CHILD);
+		opq_dentry = au_diropq_create(dentry, bindex);
+		mutex_unlock(h_mtx);
+		err = PTR_ERR(opq_dentry);
+		if (IS_ERR(opq_dentry))
+			goto out_dir;
+		dput(opq_dentry);
+		diropq = 1;
+	}
+
+	err = epilog(dir, bindex, wh_dentry, dentry);
+	if (!err) {
+		inc_nlink(dir);
+		goto out_unpin; /* success */
+	}
+
+	/* revert */
+	if (diropq) {
+		AuLabel(revert opq);
+		mutex_lock_nested(h_mtx, AuLsc_I_CHILD);
+		rerr = au_diropq_remove(dentry, bindex);
+		mutex_unlock(h_mtx);
+		if (rerr) {
+			AuIOErr("%.*s reverting diropq failed(%d, %d)\n",
+				AuDLNPair(dentry), err, rerr);
+			err = -EIO;
+		}
+	}
+
+out_dir:
+	AuLabel(revert dir);
+	rerr = vfsub_rmdir(au_pinned_h_dir(&a->pin), &h_path);
+	if (rerr) {
+		AuIOErr("%.*s reverting dir failed(%d, %d)\n",
+			AuDLNPair(dentry), err, rerr);
+		err = -EIO;
+	}
+	au_dtime_revert(&a->dt);
+out_unpin:
+	au_unpin(&a->pin);
+	dput(wh_dentry);
+out_parent:
+	di_write_unlock(parent);
+out_unlock:
+	if (unlikely(err)) {
+		au_update_dbstart(dentry);
+		d_drop(dentry);
+	}
+	aufs_read_unlock(dentry, AuLock_DW);
+out_free:
+	kfree(a);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/i_op_del.c b/ubuntu/aufs/i_op_del.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e69c151ce75e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/i_op_del.c
@@ -0,0 +1,478 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * inode operations (del entry)
+ */
+
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+/*
+ * decide if a new whiteout for @dentry is necessary or not.
+ * when it is necessary, prepare the parent dir for the upper branch whose
+ * branch index is @bcpup for creation. the actual creation of the whiteout will
+ * be done by caller.
+ * return value:
+ * 0: wh is unnecessary
+ * plus: wh is necessary
+ * minus: error
+ */
+int au_wr_dir_need_wh(struct dentry *dentry, int isdir, aufs_bindex_t *bcpup)
+{
+	int need_wh, err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bstart;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	bstart = au_dbstart(dentry);
+	if (*bcpup < 0) {
+		*bcpup = bstart;
+		if (au_test_ro(sb, bstart, dentry->d_inode)) {
+			err = AuWbrCopyup(au_sbi(sb), dentry);
+			*bcpup = err;
+			if (unlikely(err < 0))
+				goto out;
+		}
+	} else
+		AuDebugOn(bstart < *bcpup
+			  || au_test_ro(sb, *bcpup, dentry->d_inode));
+	AuDbg("bcpup %d, bstart %d\n", *bcpup, bstart);
+
+	if (*bcpup != bstart) {
+		err = au_cpup_dirs(dentry, *bcpup);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out;
+		need_wh = 1;
+	} else {
+		struct au_dinfo *dinfo, *tmp;
+
+		need_wh = -ENOMEM;
+		dinfo = au_di(dentry);
+		tmp = au_di_alloc(sb, AuLsc_DI_TMP);
+		if (tmp) {
+			au_di_cp(tmp, dinfo);
+			au_di_swap(tmp, dinfo);
+			/* returns the number of positive dentries */
+			need_wh = au_lkup_dentry(dentry, bstart + 1, /*type*/0,
+						 /*nd*/NULL);
+			au_di_swap(tmp, dinfo);
+			au_rw_write_unlock(&tmp->di_rwsem);
+			au_di_free(tmp);
+		}
+	}
+	AuDbg("need_wh %d\n", need_wh);
+	err = need_wh;
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * simple tests for the del-entry operations.
+ * following the checks in vfs, plus the parent-child relationship.
+ */
+int au_may_del(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+	       struct dentry *h_parent, int isdir)
+{
+	int err;
+	umode_t h_mode;
+	struct dentry *h_dentry, *h_latest;
+	struct inode *h_inode;
+
+	h_dentry = au_h_dptr(dentry, bindex);
+	h_inode = h_dentry->d_inode;
+	if (dentry->d_inode) {
+		err = -ENOENT;
+		if (unlikely(!h_inode || !h_inode->i_nlink))
+			goto out;
+
+		h_mode = h_inode->i_mode;
+		if (!isdir) {
+			err = -EISDIR;
+			if (unlikely(S_ISDIR(h_mode)))
+				goto out;
+		} else if (unlikely(!S_ISDIR(h_mode))) {
+			err = -ENOTDIR;
+			goto out;
+		}
+	} else {
+		/* rename(2) case */
+		err = -EIO;
+		if (unlikely(h_inode))
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	err = -ENOENT;
+	/* expected parent dir is locked */
+	if (unlikely(h_parent != h_dentry->d_parent))
+		goto out;
+	err = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * rmdir a dir may break the consistency on some filesystem.
+	 * let's try heavy test.
+	 */
+	err = -EACCES;
+	if (unlikely(au_test_h_perm(h_parent->d_inode, MAY_EXEC | MAY_WRITE)))
+		goto out;
+
+	h_latest = au_sio_lkup_one(&dentry->d_name, h_parent,
+				   au_sbr(dentry->d_sb, bindex));
+	err = -EIO;
+	if (IS_ERR(h_latest))
+		goto out;
+	if (h_latest == h_dentry)
+		err = 0;
+	dput(h_latest);
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * decide the branch where we operate for @dentry. the branch index will be set
+ * @rbcpup. after diciding it, 'pin' it and store the timestamps of the parent
+ * dir for reverting.
+ * when a new whiteout is necessary, create it.
+ */
+static struct dentry*
+lock_hdir_create_wh(struct dentry *dentry, int isdir, aufs_bindex_t *rbcpup,
+		    struct au_dtime *dt, struct au_pin *pin)
+{
+	struct dentry *wh_dentry;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct path h_path;
+	int err, need_wh;
+	unsigned int udba;
+	aufs_bindex_t bcpup;
+
+	need_wh = au_wr_dir_need_wh(dentry, isdir, rbcpup);
+	wh_dentry = ERR_PTR(need_wh);
+	if (unlikely(need_wh < 0))
+		goto out;
+
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	udba = au_opt_udba(sb);
+	bcpup = *rbcpup;
+	err = au_pin(pin, dentry, bcpup, udba,
+		     AuPin_DI_LOCKED | AuPin_MNT_WRITE);
+	wh_dentry = ERR_PTR(err);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	h_path.dentry = au_pinned_h_parent(pin);
+	if (udba != AuOpt_UDBA_NONE
+	    && au_dbstart(dentry) == bcpup) {
+		err = au_may_del(dentry, bcpup, h_path.dentry, isdir);
+		wh_dentry = ERR_PTR(err);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out_unpin;
+	}
+
+	h_path.mnt = au_sbr_mnt(sb, bcpup);
+	au_dtime_store(dt, au_pinned_parent(pin), &h_path);
+	wh_dentry = NULL;
+	if (!need_wh)
+		goto out; /* success, no need to create whiteout */
+
+	wh_dentry = au_wh_create(dentry, bcpup, h_path.dentry);
+	if (IS_ERR(wh_dentry))
+		goto out_unpin;
+
+	/* returns with the parent is locked and wh_dentry is dget-ed */
+	goto out; /* success */
+
+out_unpin:
+	au_unpin(pin);
+out:
+	return wh_dentry;
+}
+
+/*
+ * when removing a dir, rename it to a unique temporary whiteout-ed name first
+ * in order to be revertible and save time for removing many child whiteouts
+ * under the dir.
+ * returns 1 when there are too many child whiteout and caller should remove
+ * them asynchronously. returns 0 when the number of children is enough small to
+ * remove now or the branch fs is a remote fs.
+ * otherwise return an error.
+ */
+static int renwh_and_rmdir(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+			   struct au_nhash *whlist, struct inode *dir)
+{
+	int rmdir_later, err, dirwh;
+	struct dentry *h_dentry;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	SiMustAnyLock(sb);
+	h_dentry = au_h_dptr(dentry, bindex);
+	err = au_whtmp_ren(h_dentry, au_sbr(sb, bindex));
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	/* stop monitoring */
+	au_hn_free(au_hi(dentry->d_inode, bindex));
+
+	if (!au_test_fs_remote(h_dentry->d_sb)) {
+		dirwh = au_sbi(sb)->si_dirwh;
+		rmdir_later = (dirwh <= 1);
+		if (!rmdir_later)
+			rmdir_later = au_nhash_test_longer_wh(whlist, bindex,
+							      dirwh);
+		if (rmdir_later)
+			return rmdir_later;
+	}
+
+	err = au_whtmp_rmdir(dir, bindex, h_dentry, whlist);
+	if (unlikely(err)) {
+		AuIOErr("rmdir %.*s, b%d failed, %d. ignored\n",
+			AuDLNPair(h_dentry), bindex, err);
+		err = 0;
+	}
+
+out:
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * final procedure for deleting a entry.
+ * maintain dentry and iattr.
+ */
+static void epilog(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry,
+		   aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	struct inode *inode;
+
+	inode = dentry->d_inode;
+	d_drop(dentry);
+	inode->i_ctime = dir->i_ctime;
+
+	if (au_ibstart(dir) == bindex)
+		au_cpup_attr_timesizes(dir);
+	dir->i_version++;
+}
+
+/*
+ * when an error happened, remove the created whiteout and revert everything.
+ */
+static int do_revert(int err, struct inode *dir, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+		     aufs_bindex_t bwh, struct dentry *wh_dentry,
+		     struct dentry *dentry, struct au_dtime *dt)
+{
+	int rerr;
+	struct path h_path = {
+		.dentry	= wh_dentry,
+		.mnt	= au_sbr_mnt(dir->i_sb, bindex)
+	};
+
+	rerr = au_wh_unlink_dentry(au_h_iptr(dir, bindex), &h_path, dentry);
+	if (!rerr) {
+		au_set_dbwh(dentry, bwh);
+		au_dtime_revert(dt);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	AuIOErr("%.*s reverting whiteout failed(%d, %d)\n",
+		AuDLNPair(dentry), err, rerr);
+	return -EIO;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+int aufs_unlink(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bwh, bindex, bstart;
+	struct au_dtime dt;
+	struct au_pin pin;
+	struct path h_path;
+	struct inode *inode, *h_dir;
+	struct dentry *parent, *wh_dentry;
+
+	IMustLock(dir);
+
+	err = aufs_read_lock(dentry, AuLock_DW | AuLock_GEN);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+	err = au_d_hashed_positive(dentry);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_unlock;
+	inode = dentry->d_inode;
+	IMustLock(inode);
+	err = -EISDIR;
+	if (unlikely(S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode)))
+		goto out_unlock; /* possible? */
+
+	bstart = au_dbstart(dentry);
+	bwh = au_dbwh(dentry);
+	bindex = -1;
+	parent = dentry->d_parent; /* dir inode is locked */
+	di_write_lock_parent(parent);
+	wh_dentry = lock_hdir_create_wh(dentry, /*isdir*/0, &bindex, &dt, &pin);
+	err = PTR_ERR(wh_dentry);
+	if (IS_ERR(wh_dentry))
+		goto out_parent;
+
+	h_path.mnt = au_sbr_mnt(dentry->d_sb, bstart);
+	h_path.dentry = au_h_dptr(dentry, bstart);
+	dget(h_path.dentry);
+	if (bindex == bstart) {
+		h_dir = au_pinned_h_dir(&pin);
+		err = vfsub_unlink(h_dir, &h_path, /*force*/0);
+	} else {
+		/* dir inode is locked */
+		h_dir = wh_dentry->d_parent->d_inode;
+		IMustLock(h_dir);
+		err = 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!err) {
+		vfsub_drop_nlink(inode);
+		epilog(dir, dentry, bindex);
+
+		/* update target timestamps */
+		if (bindex == bstart) {
+			vfsub_update_h_iattr(&h_path, /*did*/NULL); /*ignore*/
+			inode->i_ctime = h_path.dentry->d_inode->i_ctime;
+		} else
+			/* todo: this timestamp may be reverted later */
+			inode->i_ctime = h_dir->i_ctime;
+		goto out_unpin; /* success */
+	}
+
+	/* revert */
+	if (wh_dentry) {
+		int rerr;
+
+		rerr = do_revert(err, dir, bindex, bwh, wh_dentry, dentry, &dt);
+		if (rerr)
+			err = rerr;
+	}
+
+out_unpin:
+	au_unpin(&pin);
+	dput(wh_dentry);
+	dput(h_path.dentry);
+out_parent:
+	di_write_unlock(parent);
+out_unlock:
+	aufs_read_unlock(dentry, AuLock_DW);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+int aufs_rmdir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	int err, rmdir_later;
+	aufs_bindex_t bwh, bindex, bstart;
+	struct au_dtime dt;
+	struct au_pin pin;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct dentry *parent, *wh_dentry, *h_dentry;
+	struct au_whtmp_rmdir *args;
+
+	IMustLock(dir);
+
+	err = aufs_read_lock(dentry, AuLock_DW | AuLock_FLUSH | AuLock_GEN);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+	err = au_alive_dir(dentry);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_unlock;
+	inode = dentry->d_inode;
+	IMustLock(inode);
+	err = -ENOTDIR;
+	if (unlikely(!S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode)))
+		goto out_unlock; /* possible? */
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	args = au_whtmp_rmdir_alloc(dir->i_sb, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(!args))
+		goto out_unlock;
+
+	parent = dentry->d_parent; /* dir inode is locked */
+	di_write_lock_parent(parent);
+	err = au_test_empty(dentry, &args->whlist);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_parent;
+
+	bstart = au_dbstart(dentry);
+	bwh = au_dbwh(dentry);
+	bindex = -1;
+	wh_dentry = lock_hdir_create_wh(dentry, /*isdir*/1, &bindex, &dt, &pin);
+	err = PTR_ERR(wh_dentry);
+	if (IS_ERR(wh_dentry))
+		goto out_parent;
+
+	h_dentry = au_h_dptr(dentry, bstart);
+	dget(h_dentry);
+	rmdir_later = 0;
+	if (bindex == bstart) {
+		err = renwh_and_rmdir(dentry, bstart, &args->whlist, dir);
+		if (err > 0) {
+			rmdir_later = err;
+			err = 0;
+		}
+	} else {
+		/* stop monitoring */
+		au_hn_free(au_hi(inode, bstart));
+
+		/* dir inode is locked */
+		IMustLock(wh_dentry->d_parent->d_inode);
+		err = 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!err) {
+		vfsub_dead_dir(inode);
+		au_set_dbdiropq(dentry, -1);
+		epilog(dir, dentry, bindex);
+
+		if (rmdir_later) {
+			au_whtmp_kick_rmdir(dir, bstart, h_dentry, args);
+			args = NULL;
+		}
+
+		goto out_unpin; /* success */
+	}
+
+	/* revert */
+	AuLabel(revert);
+	if (wh_dentry) {
+		int rerr;
+
+		rerr = do_revert(err, dir, bindex, bwh, wh_dentry, dentry, &dt);
+		if (rerr)
+			err = rerr;
+	}
+
+out_unpin:
+	au_unpin(&pin);
+	dput(wh_dentry);
+	dput(h_dentry);
+out_parent:
+	di_write_unlock(parent);
+	if (args)
+		au_whtmp_rmdir_free(args);
+out_unlock:
+	aufs_read_unlock(dentry, AuLock_DW);
+out:
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+}
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/i_op_ren.c b/ubuntu/aufs/i_op_ren.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f253bec7efa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/i_op_ren.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1017 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * inode operation (rename entry)
+ * todo: this is crazy monster
+ */
+
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+enum { AuSRC, AuDST, AuSrcDst };
+enum { AuPARENT, AuCHILD, AuParentChild };
+
+#define AuRen_ISDIR	1
+#define AuRen_ISSAMEDIR	(1 << 1)
+#define AuRen_WHSRC	(1 << 2)
+#define AuRen_WHDST	(1 << 3)
+#define AuRen_MNT_WRITE	(1 << 4)
+#define AuRen_DT_DSTDIR	(1 << 5)
+#define AuRen_DIROPQ	(1 << 6)
+#define AuRen_CPUP	(1 << 7)
+#define au_ftest_ren(flags, name)	((flags) & AuRen_##name)
+#define au_fset_ren(flags, name) \
+	do { (flags) |= AuRen_##name; } while (0)
+#define au_fclr_ren(flags, name) \
+	do { (flags) &= ~AuRen_##name; } while (0)
+
+struct au_ren_args {
+	struct {
+		struct dentry *dentry, *h_dentry, *parent, *h_parent,
+			*wh_dentry;
+		struct inode *dir, *inode;
+		struct au_hinode *hdir;
+		struct au_dtime dt[AuParentChild];
+		aufs_bindex_t bstart;
+	} sd[AuSrcDst];
+
+#define src_dentry	sd[AuSRC].dentry
+#define src_dir		sd[AuSRC].dir
+#define src_inode	sd[AuSRC].inode
+#define src_h_dentry	sd[AuSRC].h_dentry
+#define src_parent	sd[AuSRC].parent
+#define src_h_parent	sd[AuSRC].h_parent
+#define src_wh_dentry	sd[AuSRC].wh_dentry
+#define src_hdir	sd[AuSRC].hdir
+#define src_h_dir	sd[AuSRC].hdir->hi_inode
+#define src_dt		sd[AuSRC].dt
+#define src_bstart	sd[AuSRC].bstart
+
+#define dst_dentry	sd[AuDST].dentry
+#define dst_dir		sd[AuDST].dir
+#define dst_inode	sd[AuDST].inode
+#define dst_h_dentry	sd[AuDST].h_dentry
+#define dst_parent	sd[AuDST].parent
+#define dst_h_parent	sd[AuDST].h_parent
+#define dst_wh_dentry	sd[AuDST].wh_dentry
+#define dst_hdir	sd[AuDST].hdir
+#define dst_h_dir	sd[AuDST].hdir->hi_inode
+#define dst_dt		sd[AuDST].dt
+#define dst_bstart	sd[AuDST].bstart
+
+	struct dentry *h_trap;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+	struct au_hinode *src_hinode;
+	struct path h_path;
+	struct au_nhash whlist;
+	aufs_bindex_t btgt, src_bwh, src_bdiropq;
+
+	unsigned int flags;
+
+	struct au_whtmp_rmdir *thargs;
+	struct dentry *h_dst;
+};
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/*
+ * functions for reverting.
+ * when an error happened in a single rename systemcall, we should revert
+ * everything as if nothing happend.
+ * we don't need to revert the copied-up/down the parent dir since they are
+ * harmless.
+ */
+
+#define RevertFailure(fmt, ...) do { \
+	AuIOErr("revert failure: " fmt " (%d, %d)\n", \
+		##__VA_ARGS__, err, rerr); \
+	err = -EIO; \
+} while (0)
+
+static void au_ren_rev_diropq(int err, struct au_ren_args *a)
+{
+	int rerr;
+
+	au_hn_imtx_lock_nested(a->src_hinode, AuLsc_I_CHILD);
+	rerr = au_diropq_remove(a->src_dentry, a->btgt);
+	au_hn_imtx_unlock(a->src_hinode);
+	au_set_dbdiropq(a->src_dentry, a->src_bdiropq);
+	if (rerr)
+		RevertFailure("remove diropq %.*s", AuDLNPair(a->src_dentry));
+}
+
+static void au_ren_rev_rename(int err, struct au_ren_args *a)
+{
+	int rerr;
+
+	a->h_path.dentry = au_lkup_one(&a->src_dentry->d_name, a->src_h_parent,
+				       a->br, /*nd*/NULL);
+	rerr = PTR_ERR(a->h_path.dentry);
+	if (IS_ERR(a->h_path.dentry)) {
+		RevertFailure("au_lkup_one %.*s", AuDLNPair(a->src_dentry));
+		return;
+	}
+
+	rerr = vfsub_rename(a->dst_h_dir,
+			    au_h_dptr(a->src_dentry, a->btgt),
+			    a->src_h_dir, &a->h_path);
+	d_drop(a->h_path.dentry);
+	dput(a->h_path.dentry);
+	/* au_set_h_dptr(a->src_dentry, a->btgt, NULL); */
+	if (rerr)
+		RevertFailure("rename %.*s", AuDLNPair(a->src_dentry));
+}
+
+static void au_ren_rev_cpup(int err, struct au_ren_args *a)
+{
+	int rerr;
+
+	a->h_path.dentry = a->dst_h_dentry;
+	rerr = vfsub_unlink(a->dst_h_dir, &a->h_path, /*force*/0);
+	au_set_h_dptr(a->src_dentry, a->btgt, NULL);
+	au_set_dbstart(a->src_dentry, a->src_bstart);
+	if (rerr)
+		RevertFailure("unlink %.*s", AuDLNPair(a->dst_h_dentry));
+}
+
+static void au_ren_rev_whtmp(int err, struct au_ren_args *a)
+{
+	int rerr;
+
+	a->h_path.dentry = au_lkup_one(&a->dst_dentry->d_name, a->dst_h_parent,
+				       a->br, /*nd*/NULL);
+	rerr = PTR_ERR(a->h_path.dentry);
+	if (IS_ERR(a->h_path.dentry)) {
+		RevertFailure("lookup %.*s", AuDLNPair(a->dst_dentry));
+		return;
+	}
+	if (a->h_path.dentry->d_inode) {
+		d_drop(a->h_path.dentry);
+		dput(a->h_path.dentry);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	rerr = vfsub_rename(a->dst_h_dir, a->h_dst, a->dst_h_dir, &a->h_path);
+	d_drop(a->h_path.dentry);
+	dput(a->h_path.dentry);
+	if (!rerr)
+		au_set_h_dptr(a->dst_dentry, a->btgt, dget(a->h_dst));
+	else
+		RevertFailure("rename %.*s", AuDLNPair(a->h_dst));
+}
+
+static void au_ren_rev_whsrc(int err, struct au_ren_args *a)
+{
+	int rerr;
+
+	a->h_path.dentry = a->src_wh_dentry;
+	rerr = au_wh_unlink_dentry(a->src_h_dir, &a->h_path, a->src_dentry);
+	au_set_dbwh(a->src_dentry, a->src_bwh);
+	if (rerr)
+		RevertFailure("unlink %.*s", AuDLNPair(a->src_wh_dentry));
+}
+#undef RevertFailure
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/*
+ * when we have to copyup the renaming entry, do it with the rename-target name
+ * in order to minimize the cost (the later actual rename is unnecessary).
+ * otherwise rename it on the target branch.
+ */
+static int au_ren_or_cpup(struct au_ren_args *a)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct dentry *d;
+
+	d = a->src_dentry;
+	if (au_dbstart(d) == a->btgt) {
+		a->h_path.dentry = a->dst_h_dentry;
+		if (au_ftest_ren(a->flags, DIROPQ)
+		    && au_dbdiropq(d) == a->btgt)
+			au_fclr_ren(a->flags, DIROPQ);
+		AuDebugOn(au_dbstart(d) != a->btgt);
+		err = vfsub_rename(a->src_h_dir, au_h_dptr(d, a->btgt),
+				   a->dst_h_dir, &a->h_path);
+	} else {
+		struct mutex *h_mtx = &a->src_h_dentry->d_inode->i_mutex;
+		struct file *h_file;
+
+		au_fset_ren(a->flags, CPUP);
+		mutex_lock_nested(h_mtx, AuLsc_I_CHILD);
+		au_set_dbstart(d, a->btgt);
+		au_set_h_dptr(d, a->btgt, dget(a->dst_h_dentry));
+		h_file = au_h_open_pre(d, a->src_bstart);
+		if (IS_ERR(h_file)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(h_file);
+			h_file = NULL;
+		} else
+			err = au_sio_cpup_single(d, a->btgt, a->src_bstart, -1,
+						 !AuCpup_DTIME, a->dst_parent);
+		mutex_unlock(h_mtx);
+		au_h_open_post(d, a->src_bstart, h_file);
+		if (!err) {
+			d = a->dst_dentry;
+			au_set_h_dptr(d, a->btgt, NULL);
+			au_update_dbstart(d);
+		} else {
+			au_set_h_dptr(d, a->btgt, NULL);
+			au_set_dbstart(d, a->src_bstart);
+		}
+	}
+	if (!err && a->h_dst)
+		/* it will be set to dinfo later */
+		dget(a->h_dst);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* cf. aufs_rmdir() */
+static int au_ren_del_whtmp(struct au_ren_args *a)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct inode *dir;
+
+	dir = a->dst_dir;
+	SiMustAnyLock(dir->i_sb);
+	if (!au_nhash_test_longer_wh(&a->whlist, a->btgt,
+				     au_sbi(dir->i_sb)->si_dirwh)
+	    || au_test_fs_remote(a->h_dst->d_sb)) {
+		err = au_whtmp_rmdir(dir, a->btgt, a->h_dst, &a->whlist);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			pr_warning("failed removing whtmp dir %.*s (%d), "
+				   "ignored.\n", AuDLNPair(a->h_dst), err);
+	} else {
+		au_nhash_wh_free(&a->thargs->whlist);
+		a->thargs->whlist = a->whlist;
+		a->whlist.nh_num = 0;
+		au_whtmp_kick_rmdir(dir, a->btgt, a->h_dst, a->thargs);
+		dput(a->h_dst);
+		a->thargs = NULL;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* make it 'opaque' dir. */
+static int au_ren_diropq(struct au_ren_args *a)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct dentry *diropq;
+
+	err = 0;
+	a->src_bdiropq = au_dbdiropq(a->src_dentry);
+	a->src_hinode = au_hi(a->src_inode, a->btgt);
+	au_hn_imtx_lock_nested(a->src_hinode, AuLsc_I_CHILD);
+	diropq = au_diropq_create(a->src_dentry, a->btgt);
+	au_hn_imtx_unlock(a->src_hinode);
+	if (IS_ERR(diropq))
+		err = PTR_ERR(diropq);
+	dput(diropq);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int do_rename(struct au_ren_args *a)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct dentry *d, *h_d;
+
+	/* prepare workqueue args for asynchronous rmdir */
+	h_d = a->dst_h_dentry;
+	if (au_ftest_ren(a->flags, ISDIR) && h_d->d_inode) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		a->thargs = au_whtmp_rmdir_alloc(a->src_dentry->d_sb, GFP_NOFS);
+		if (unlikely(!a->thargs))
+			goto out;
+		a->h_dst = dget(h_d);
+	}
+
+	/* create whiteout for src_dentry */
+	if (au_ftest_ren(a->flags, WHSRC)) {
+		a->src_bwh = au_dbwh(a->src_dentry);
+		AuDebugOn(a->src_bwh >= 0);
+		a->src_wh_dentry
+			= au_wh_create(a->src_dentry, a->btgt, a->src_h_parent);
+		err = PTR_ERR(a->src_wh_dentry);
+		if (IS_ERR(a->src_wh_dentry))
+			goto out_thargs;
+	}
+
+	/* lookup whiteout for dentry */
+	if (au_ftest_ren(a->flags, WHDST)) {
+		h_d = au_wh_lkup(a->dst_h_parent, &a->dst_dentry->d_name,
+				 a->br);
+		err = PTR_ERR(h_d);
+		if (IS_ERR(h_d))
+			goto out_whsrc;
+		if (!h_d->d_inode)
+			dput(h_d);
+		else
+			a->dst_wh_dentry = h_d;
+	}
+
+	/* rename dentry to tmpwh */
+	if (a->thargs) {
+		err = au_whtmp_ren(a->dst_h_dentry, a->br);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out_whdst;
+
+		d = a->dst_dentry;
+		au_set_h_dptr(d, a->btgt, NULL);
+		err = au_lkup_neg(d, a->btgt);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out_whtmp;
+		a->dst_h_dentry = au_h_dptr(d, a->btgt);
+	}
+
+	/* cpup src */
+	if (a->dst_h_dentry->d_inode && a->src_bstart != a->btgt) {
+		struct mutex *h_mtx = &a->src_h_dentry->d_inode->i_mutex;
+		struct file *h_file;
+
+		mutex_lock_nested(h_mtx, AuLsc_I_CHILD);
+		AuDebugOn(au_dbstart(a->src_dentry) != a->src_bstart);
+		h_file = au_h_open_pre(a->src_dentry, a->src_bstart);
+		if (IS_ERR(h_file)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(h_file);
+			h_file = NULL;
+		} else
+			err = au_sio_cpup_simple(a->src_dentry, a->btgt, -1,
+						 !AuCpup_DTIME);
+		mutex_unlock(h_mtx);
+		au_h_open_post(a->src_dentry, a->src_bstart, h_file);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out_whtmp;
+	}
+
+	/* rename by vfs_rename or cpup */
+	d = a->dst_dentry;
+	if (au_ftest_ren(a->flags, ISDIR)
+	    && (a->dst_wh_dentry
+		|| au_dbdiropq(d) == a->btgt
+		/* hide the lower to keep xino */
+		|| a->btgt < au_dbend(d)
+		|| au_opt_test(au_mntflags(d->d_sb), ALWAYS_DIROPQ)))
+		au_fset_ren(a->flags, DIROPQ);
+	err = au_ren_or_cpup(a);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		/* leave the copied-up one */
+		goto out_whtmp;
+
+	/* make dir opaque */
+	if (au_ftest_ren(a->flags, DIROPQ)) {
+		err = au_ren_diropq(a);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out_rename;
+	}
+
+	/* update target timestamps */
+	AuDebugOn(au_dbstart(a->src_dentry) != a->btgt);
+	a->h_path.dentry = au_h_dptr(a->src_dentry, a->btgt);
+	vfsub_update_h_iattr(&a->h_path, /*did*/NULL); /*ignore*/
+	a->src_inode->i_ctime = a->h_path.dentry->d_inode->i_ctime;
+
+	/* remove whiteout for dentry */
+	if (a->dst_wh_dentry) {
+		a->h_path.dentry = a->dst_wh_dentry;
+		err = au_wh_unlink_dentry(a->dst_h_dir, &a->h_path,
+					  a->dst_dentry);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out_diropq;
+	}
+
+	/* remove whtmp */
+	if (a->thargs)
+		au_ren_del_whtmp(a); /* ignore this error */
+
+	err = 0;
+	goto out_success;
+
+out_diropq:
+	if (au_ftest_ren(a->flags, DIROPQ))
+		au_ren_rev_diropq(err, a);
+out_rename:
+	if (!au_ftest_ren(a->flags, CPUP))
+		au_ren_rev_rename(err, a);
+	else
+		au_ren_rev_cpup(err, a);
+	dput(a->h_dst);
+out_whtmp:
+	if (a->thargs)
+		au_ren_rev_whtmp(err, a);
+out_whdst:
+	dput(a->dst_wh_dentry);
+	a->dst_wh_dentry = NULL;
+out_whsrc:
+	if (a->src_wh_dentry)
+		au_ren_rev_whsrc(err, a);
+out_success:
+	dput(a->src_wh_dentry);
+	dput(a->dst_wh_dentry);
+out_thargs:
+	if (a->thargs) {
+		dput(a->h_dst);
+		au_whtmp_rmdir_free(a->thargs);
+		a->thargs = NULL;
+	}
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/*
+ * test if @dentry dir can be rename destination or not.
+ * success means, it is a logically empty dir.
+ */
+static int may_rename_dstdir(struct dentry *dentry, struct au_nhash *whlist)
+{
+	return au_test_empty(dentry, whlist);
+}
+
+/*
+ * test if @dentry dir can be rename source or not.
+ * if it can, return 0 and @children is filled.
+ * success means,
+ * - it is a logically empty dir.
+ * - or, it exists on writable branch and has no children including whiteouts
+ *       on the lower branch.
+ */
+static int may_rename_srcdir(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t btgt)
+{
+	int err;
+	unsigned int rdhash;
+	aufs_bindex_t bstart;
+
+	bstart = au_dbstart(dentry);
+	if (bstart != btgt) {
+		struct au_nhash whlist;
+
+		SiMustAnyLock(dentry->d_sb);
+		rdhash = au_sbi(dentry->d_sb)->si_rdhash;
+		if (!rdhash)
+			rdhash = au_rdhash_est(au_dir_size(/*file*/NULL,
+							   dentry));
+		err = au_nhash_alloc(&whlist, rdhash, GFP_NOFS);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out;
+		err = au_test_empty(dentry, &whlist);
+		au_nhash_wh_free(&whlist);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (bstart == au_dbtaildir(dentry))
+		return 0; /* success */
+
+	err = au_test_empty_lower(dentry);
+
+out:
+	if (err == -ENOTEMPTY) {
+		AuWarn1("renaming dir who has child(ren) on multiple branches,"
+			" is not supported\n");
+		err = -EXDEV;
+	}
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* side effect: sets whlist and h_dentry */
+static int au_ren_may_dir(struct au_ren_args *a)
+{
+	int err;
+	unsigned int rdhash;
+	struct dentry *d;
+
+	d = a->dst_dentry;
+	SiMustAnyLock(d->d_sb);
+
+	err = 0;
+	if (au_ftest_ren(a->flags, ISDIR) && a->dst_inode) {
+		rdhash = au_sbi(d->d_sb)->si_rdhash;
+		if (!rdhash)
+			rdhash = au_rdhash_est(au_dir_size(/*file*/NULL, d));
+		err = au_nhash_alloc(&a->whlist, rdhash, GFP_NOFS);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out;
+
+		au_set_dbstart(d, a->dst_bstart);
+		err = may_rename_dstdir(d, &a->whlist);
+		au_set_dbstart(d, a->btgt);
+	}
+	a->dst_h_dentry = au_h_dptr(d, au_dbstart(d));
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	d = a->src_dentry;
+	a->src_h_dentry = au_h_dptr(d, au_dbstart(d));
+	if (au_ftest_ren(a->flags, ISDIR)) {
+		err = may_rename_srcdir(d, a->btgt);
+		if (unlikely(err)) {
+			au_nhash_wh_free(&a->whlist);
+			a->whlist.nh_num = 0;
+		}
+	}
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/*
+ * simple tests for rename.
+ * following the checks in vfs, plus the parent-child relationship.
+ */
+static int au_may_ren(struct au_ren_args *a)
+{
+	int err, isdir;
+	struct inode *h_inode;
+
+	if (a->src_bstart == a->btgt) {
+		err = au_may_del(a->src_dentry, a->btgt, a->src_h_parent,
+				 au_ftest_ren(a->flags, ISDIR));
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out;
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		if (unlikely(a->src_h_dentry == a->h_trap))
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	err = 0;
+	if (a->dst_bstart != a->btgt)
+		goto out;
+
+	err = -ENOTEMPTY;
+	if (unlikely(a->dst_h_dentry == a->h_trap))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = -EIO;
+	h_inode = a->dst_h_dentry->d_inode;
+	isdir = !!au_ftest_ren(a->flags, ISDIR);
+	if (!a->dst_dentry->d_inode) {
+		if (unlikely(h_inode))
+			goto out;
+		err = au_may_add(a->dst_dentry, a->btgt, a->dst_h_parent,
+				 isdir);
+	} else {
+		if (unlikely(!h_inode || !h_inode->i_nlink))
+			goto out;
+		err = au_may_del(a->dst_dentry, a->btgt, a->dst_h_parent,
+				 isdir);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+out:
+	if (unlikely(err == -ENOENT || err == -EEXIST))
+		err = -EIO;
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/*
+ * locking order
+ * (VFS)
+ * - src_dir and dir by lock_rename()
+ * - inode if exitsts
+ * (aufs)
+ * - lock all
+ *   + src_dentry and dentry by aufs_read_and_write_lock2() which calls,
+ *     + si_read_lock
+ *     + di_write_lock2_child()
+ *       + di_write_lock_child()
+ *	   + ii_write_lock_child()
+ *       + di_write_lock_child2()
+ *	   + ii_write_lock_child2()
+ *     + src_parent and parent
+ *       + di_write_lock_parent()
+ *	   + ii_write_lock_parent()
+ *       + di_write_lock_parent2()
+ *	   + ii_write_lock_parent2()
+ *   + lower src_dir and dir by vfsub_lock_rename()
+ *   + verify the every relationships between child and parent. if any
+ *     of them failed, unlock all and return -EBUSY.
+ */
+static void au_ren_unlock(struct au_ren_args *a)
+{
+	struct super_block *sb;
+
+	sb = a->dst_dentry->d_sb;
+	if (au_ftest_ren(a->flags, MNT_WRITE))
+		mnt_drop_write(a->br->br_mnt);
+	vfsub_unlock_rename(a->src_h_parent, a->src_hdir,
+			    a->dst_h_parent, a->dst_hdir);
+}
+
+static int au_ren_lock(struct au_ren_args *a)
+{
+	int err;
+	unsigned int udba;
+
+	err = 0;
+	a->src_h_parent = au_h_dptr(a->src_parent, a->btgt);
+	a->src_hdir = au_hi(a->src_dir, a->btgt);
+	a->dst_h_parent = au_h_dptr(a->dst_parent, a->btgt);
+	a->dst_hdir = au_hi(a->dst_dir, a->btgt);
+	a->h_trap = vfsub_lock_rename(a->src_h_parent, a->src_hdir,
+				      a->dst_h_parent, a->dst_hdir);
+	udba = au_opt_udba(a->src_dentry->d_sb);
+	if (unlikely(a->src_hdir->hi_inode != a->src_h_parent->d_inode
+		     || a->dst_hdir->hi_inode != a->dst_h_parent->d_inode))
+		err = au_busy_or_stale();
+	if (!err && au_dbstart(a->src_dentry) == a->btgt)
+		err = au_h_verify(a->src_h_dentry, udba,
+				  a->src_h_parent->d_inode, a->src_h_parent,
+				  a->br);
+	if (!err && au_dbstart(a->dst_dentry) == a->btgt)
+		err = au_h_verify(a->dst_h_dentry, udba,
+				  a->dst_h_parent->d_inode, a->dst_h_parent,
+				  a->br);
+	if (!err) {
+		err = mnt_want_write(a->br->br_mnt);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out_unlock;
+		au_fset_ren(a->flags, MNT_WRITE);
+		goto out; /* success */
+	}
+
+	err = au_busy_or_stale();
+
+out_unlock:
+	au_ren_unlock(a);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void au_ren_refresh_dir(struct au_ren_args *a)
+{
+	struct inode *dir;
+
+	dir = a->dst_dir;
+	dir->i_version++;
+	if (au_ftest_ren(a->flags, ISDIR)) {
+		/* is this updating defined in POSIX? */
+		au_cpup_attr_timesizes(a->src_inode);
+		au_cpup_attr_nlink(dir, /*force*/1);
+	}
+
+	if (au_ibstart(dir) == a->btgt)
+		au_cpup_attr_timesizes(dir);
+
+	if (au_ftest_ren(a->flags, ISSAMEDIR))
+		return;
+
+	dir = a->src_dir;
+	dir->i_version++;
+	if (au_ftest_ren(a->flags, ISDIR))
+		au_cpup_attr_nlink(dir, /*force*/1);
+	if (au_ibstart(dir) == a->btgt)
+		au_cpup_attr_timesizes(dir);
+}
+
+static void au_ren_refresh(struct au_ren_args *a)
+{
+	aufs_bindex_t bend, bindex;
+	struct dentry *d, *h_d;
+	struct inode *i, *h_i;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+
+	d = a->dst_dentry;
+	d_drop(d);
+	if (a->h_dst)
+		/* already dget-ed by au_ren_or_cpup() */
+		au_set_h_dptr(d, a->btgt, a->h_dst);
+
+	i = a->dst_inode;
+	if (i) {
+		if (!au_ftest_ren(a->flags, ISDIR))
+			vfsub_drop_nlink(i);
+		else {
+			vfsub_dead_dir(i);
+			au_cpup_attr_timesizes(i);
+		}
+		au_update_dbrange(d, /*do_put_zero*/1);
+	} else {
+		bend = a->btgt;
+		for (bindex = au_dbstart(d); bindex < bend; bindex++)
+			au_set_h_dptr(d, bindex, NULL);
+		bend = au_dbend(d);
+		for (bindex = a->btgt + 1; bindex <= bend; bindex++)
+			au_set_h_dptr(d, bindex, NULL);
+		au_update_dbrange(d, /*do_put_zero*/0);
+	}
+
+	d = a->src_dentry;
+	au_set_dbwh(d, -1);
+	bend = au_dbend(d);
+	for (bindex = a->btgt + 1; bindex <= bend; bindex++) {
+		h_d = au_h_dptr(d, bindex);
+		if (h_d)
+			au_set_h_dptr(d, bindex, NULL);
+	}
+	au_set_dbend(d, a->btgt);
+
+	sb = d->d_sb;
+	i = a->src_inode;
+	if (au_opt_test(au_mntflags(sb), PLINK) && au_plink_test(i))
+		return; /* success */
+
+	bend = au_ibend(i);
+	for (bindex = a->btgt + 1; bindex <= bend; bindex++) {
+		h_i = au_h_iptr(i, bindex);
+		if (h_i) {
+			au_xino_write(sb, bindex, h_i->i_ino, /*ino*/0);
+			/* ignore this error */
+			au_set_h_iptr(i, bindex, NULL, 0);
+		}
+	}
+	au_set_ibend(i, a->btgt);
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* mainly for link(2) and rename(2) */
+int au_wbr(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t btgt)
+{
+	aufs_bindex_t bdiropq, bwh;
+	struct dentry *parent;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+
+	parent = dentry->d_parent;
+	IMustLock(parent->d_inode); /* dir is locked */
+
+	bdiropq = au_dbdiropq(parent);
+	bwh = au_dbwh(dentry);
+	br = au_sbr(dentry->d_sb, btgt);
+	if (au_br_rdonly(br)
+	    || (0 <= bdiropq && bdiropq < btgt)
+	    || (0 <= bwh && bwh < btgt))
+		btgt = -1;
+
+	AuDbg("btgt %d\n", btgt);
+	return btgt;
+}
+
+/* sets src_bstart, dst_bstart and btgt */
+static int au_ren_wbr(struct au_ren_args *a)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct au_wr_dir_args wr_dir_args = {
+		/* .force_btgt	= -1, */
+		.flags		= AuWrDir_ADD_ENTRY
+	};
+
+	a->src_bstart = au_dbstart(a->src_dentry);
+	a->dst_bstart = au_dbstart(a->dst_dentry);
+	if (au_ftest_ren(a->flags, ISDIR))
+		au_fset_wrdir(wr_dir_args.flags, ISDIR);
+	wr_dir_args.force_btgt = a->src_bstart;
+	if (a->dst_inode && a->dst_bstart < a->src_bstart)
+		wr_dir_args.force_btgt = a->dst_bstart;
+	wr_dir_args.force_btgt = au_wbr(a->dst_dentry, wr_dir_args.force_btgt);
+	err = au_wr_dir(a->dst_dentry, a->src_dentry, &wr_dir_args);
+	a->btgt = err;
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static void au_ren_dt(struct au_ren_args *a)
+{
+	a->h_path.dentry = a->src_h_parent;
+	au_dtime_store(a->src_dt + AuPARENT, a->src_parent, &a->h_path);
+	if (!au_ftest_ren(a->flags, ISSAMEDIR)) {
+		a->h_path.dentry = a->dst_h_parent;
+		au_dtime_store(a->dst_dt + AuPARENT, a->dst_parent, &a->h_path);
+	}
+
+	au_fclr_ren(a->flags, DT_DSTDIR);
+	if (!au_ftest_ren(a->flags, ISDIR))
+		return;
+
+	a->h_path.dentry = a->src_h_dentry;
+	au_dtime_store(a->src_dt + AuCHILD, a->src_dentry, &a->h_path);
+	if (a->dst_h_dentry->d_inode) {
+		au_fset_ren(a->flags, DT_DSTDIR);
+		a->h_path.dentry = a->dst_h_dentry;
+		au_dtime_store(a->dst_dt + AuCHILD, a->dst_dentry, &a->h_path);
+	}
+}
+
+static void au_ren_rev_dt(int err, struct au_ren_args *a)
+{
+	struct dentry *h_d;
+	struct mutex *h_mtx;
+
+	au_dtime_revert(a->src_dt + AuPARENT);
+	if (!au_ftest_ren(a->flags, ISSAMEDIR))
+		au_dtime_revert(a->dst_dt + AuPARENT);
+
+	if (au_ftest_ren(a->flags, ISDIR) && err != -EIO) {
+		h_d = a->src_dt[AuCHILD].dt_h_path.dentry;
+		h_mtx = &h_d->d_inode->i_mutex;
+		mutex_lock_nested(h_mtx, AuLsc_I_CHILD);
+		au_dtime_revert(a->src_dt + AuCHILD);
+		mutex_unlock(h_mtx);
+
+		if (au_ftest_ren(a->flags, DT_DSTDIR)) {
+			h_d = a->dst_dt[AuCHILD].dt_h_path.dentry;
+			h_mtx = &h_d->d_inode->i_mutex;
+			mutex_lock_nested(h_mtx, AuLsc_I_CHILD);
+			au_dtime_revert(a->dst_dt + AuCHILD);
+			mutex_unlock(h_mtx);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+int aufs_rename(struct inode *_src_dir, struct dentry *_src_dentry,
+		struct inode *_dst_dir, struct dentry *_dst_dentry)
+{
+	int err, flags;
+	/* reduce stack space */
+	struct au_ren_args *a;
+
+	AuDbg("%.*s, %.*s\n", AuDLNPair(_src_dentry), AuDLNPair(_dst_dentry));
+	IMustLock(_src_dir);
+	IMustLock(_dst_dir);
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(*a) > PAGE_SIZE);
+	a = kzalloc(sizeof(*a), GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(!a))
+		goto out;
+
+	a->src_dir = _src_dir;
+	a->src_dentry = _src_dentry;
+	a->src_inode = a->src_dentry->d_inode;
+	a->src_parent = a->src_dentry->d_parent; /* dir inode is locked */
+	a->dst_dir = _dst_dir;
+	a->dst_dentry = _dst_dentry;
+	a->dst_inode = a->dst_dentry->d_inode;
+	a->dst_parent = a->dst_dentry->d_parent; /* dir inode is locked */
+	if (a->dst_inode) {
+		IMustLock(a->dst_inode);
+		au_igrab(a->dst_inode);
+	}
+
+	err = -ENOTDIR;
+	flags = AuLock_FLUSH | AuLock_NOPLM | AuLock_GEN;
+	if (S_ISDIR(a->src_inode->i_mode)) {
+		au_fset_ren(a->flags, ISDIR);
+		if (unlikely(a->dst_inode && !S_ISDIR(a->dst_inode->i_mode)))
+			goto out_free;
+		err = aufs_read_and_write_lock2(a->dst_dentry, a->src_dentry,
+						AuLock_DIR | flags);
+	} else
+		err = aufs_read_and_write_lock2(a->dst_dentry, a->src_dentry,
+						flags);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_free;
+
+	err = au_d_hashed_positive(a->src_dentry);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_unlock;
+	err = -ENOENT;
+	if (a->dst_inode) {
+		/*
+		 * If it is a dir, VFS unhash dst_dentry before this
+		 * function. It means we cannot rely upon d_unhashed().
+		 */
+		if (unlikely(!a->dst_inode->i_nlink))
+			goto out_unlock;
+		if (!S_ISDIR(a->dst_inode->i_mode)) {
+			err = au_d_hashed_positive(a->dst_dentry);
+			if (unlikely(err))
+				goto out_unlock;
+		} else if (unlikely(IS_DEADDIR(a->dst_inode)))
+			goto out_unlock;
+	} else if (unlikely(d_unhashed(a->dst_dentry)))
+		goto out_unlock;
+
+	au_fset_ren(a->flags, ISSAMEDIR); /* temporary */
+	di_write_lock_parent(a->dst_parent);
+
+	/* which branch we process */
+	err = au_ren_wbr(a);
+	if (unlikely(err < 0))
+		goto out_parent;
+	a->br = au_sbr(a->dst_dentry->d_sb, a->btgt);
+	a->h_path.mnt = a->br->br_mnt;
+
+	/* are they available to be renamed */
+	err = au_ren_may_dir(a);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_children;
+
+	/* prepare the writable parent dir on the same branch */
+	if (a->dst_bstart == a->btgt) {
+		au_fset_ren(a->flags, WHDST);
+	} else {
+		err = au_cpup_dirs(a->dst_dentry, a->btgt);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out_children;
+	}
+
+	if (a->src_dir != a->dst_dir) {
+		/*
+		 * this temporary unlock is safe,
+		 * because both dir->i_mutex are locked.
+		 */
+		di_write_unlock(a->dst_parent);
+		di_write_lock_parent(a->src_parent);
+		err = au_wr_dir_need_wh(a->src_dentry,
+					au_ftest_ren(a->flags, ISDIR),
+					&a->btgt);
+		di_write_unlock(a->src_parent);
+		di_write_lock2_parent(a->src_parent, a->dst_parent, /*isdir*/1);
+		au_fclr_ren(a->flags, ISSAMEDIR);
+	} else
+		err = au_wr_dir_need_wh(a->src_dentry,
+					au_ftest_ren(a->flags, ISDIR),
+					&a->btgt);
+	if (unlikely(err < 0))
+		goto out_children;
+	if (err)
+		au_fset_ren(a->flags, WHSRC);
+
+	/* lock them all */
+	err = au_ren_lock(a);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_children;
+
+	if (!au_opt_test(au_mntflags(a->dst_dir->i_sb), UDBA_NONE))
+		err = au_may_ren(a);
+	else if (unlikely(a->dst_dentry->d_name.len > AUFS_MAX_NAMELEN))
+		err = -ENAMETOOLONG;
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_hdir;
+
+	/* store timestamps to be revertible */
+	au_ren_dt(a);
+
+	/* here we go */
+	err = do_rename(a);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_dt;
+
+	/* update dir attributes */
+	au_ren_refresh_dir(a);
+
+	/* dput/iput all lower dentries */
+	au_ren_refresh(a);
+
+	goto out_hdir; /* success */
+
+out_dt:
+	au_ren_rev_dt(err, a);
+out_hdir:
+	au_ren_unlock(a);
+out_children:
+	au_nhash_wh_free(&a->whlist);
+	if (err && a->dst_inode && a->dst_bstart != a->btgt) {
+		AuDbg("bstart %d, btgt %d\n", a->dst_bstart, a->btgt);
+		au_set_h_dptr(a->dst_dentry, a->btgt, NULL);
+		au_set_dbstart(a->dst_dentry, a->dst_bstart);
+	}
+out_parent:
+	if (!err)
+		d_move(a->src_dentry, a->dst_dentry);
+	else {
+		au_update_dbstart(a->dst_dentry);
+		if (!a->dst_inode)
+			d_drop(a->dst_dentry);
+	}
+	if (au_ftest_ren(a->flags, ISSAMEDIR))
+		di_write_unlock(a->dst_parent);
+	else
+		di_write_unlock2(a->src_parent, a->dst_parent);
+out_unlock:
+	aufs_read_and_write_unlock2(a->dst_dentry, a->src_dentry);
+out_free:
+	iput(a->dst_inode);
+	if (a->thargs)
+		au_whtmp_rmdir_free(a->thargs);
+	kfree(a);
+out:
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+}
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/iinfo.c b/ubuntu/aufs/iinfo.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d9571c47609f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/iinfo.c
@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * inode private data
+ */
+
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+struct inode *au_h_iptr(struct inode *inode, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	struct inode *h_inode;
+
+	IiMustAnyLock(inode);
+
+	h_inode = au_ii(inode)->ii_hinode[0 + bindex].hi_inode;
+	AuDebugOn(h_inode && atomic_read(&h_inode->i_count) <= 0);
+	return h_inode;
+}
+
+/* todo: hard/soft set? */
+void au_hiput(struct au_hinode *hinode)
+{
+	au_hn_free(hinode);
+	dput(hinode->hi_whdentry);
+	iput(hinode->hi_inode);
+}
+
+unsigned int au_hi_flags(struct inode *inode, int isdir)
+{
+	unsigned int flags;
+	const unsigned int mnt_flags = au_mntflags(inode->i_sb);
+
+	flags = 0;
+	if (au_opt_test(mnt_flags, XINO))
+		au_fset_hi(flags, XINO);
+	if (isdir && au_opt_test(mnt_flags, UDBA_HNOTIFY))
+		au_fset_hi(flags, HNOTIFY);
+	return flags;
+}
+
+void au_set_h_iptr(struct inode *inode, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+		   struct inode *h_inode, unsigned int flags)
+{
+	struct au_hinode *hinode;
+	struct inode *hi;
+	struct au_iinfo *iinfo = au_ii(inode);
+
+	IiMustWriteLock(inode);
+
+	hinode = iinfo->ii_hinode + bindex;
+	hi = hinode->hi_inode;
+	AuDebugOn(h_inode && atomic_read(&h_inode->i_count) <= 0);
+
+	if (hi)
+		au_hiput(hinode);
+	hinode->hi_inode = h_inode;
+	if (h_inode) {
+		int err;
+		struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
+		struct au_branch *br;
+
+		AuDebugOn(inode->i_mode
+			  && (h_inode->i_mode & S_IFMT)
+			  != (inode->i_mode & S_IFMT));
+		if (bindex == iinfo->ii_bstart)
+			au_cpup_igen(inode, h_inode);
+		br = au_sbr(sb, bindex);
+		hinode->hi_id = br->br_id;
+		if (au_ftest_hi(flags, XINO)) {
+			err = au_xino_write(sb, bindex, h_inode->i_ino,
+					    inode->i_ino);
+			if (unlikely(err))
+				AuIOErr1("failed au_xino_write() %d\n", err);
+		}
+
+		if (au_ftest_hi(flags, HNOTIFY)
+		    && au_br_hnotifyable(br->br_perm)) {
+			err = au_hn_alloc(hinode, inode);
+			if (unlikely(err))
+				AuIOErr1("au_hn_alloc() %d\n", err);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void au_set_hi_wh(struct inode *inode, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+		  struct dentry *h_wh)
+{
+	struct au_hinode *hinode;
+
+	IiMustWriteLock(inode);
+
+	hinode = au_ii(inode)->ii_hinode + bindex;
+	AuDebugOn(hinode->hi_whdentry);
+	hinode->hi_whdentry = h_wh;
+}
+
+void au_update_iigen(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	atomic_set(&au_ii(inode)->ii_generation, au_sigen(inode->i_sb));
+	/* smp_mb(); */ /* atomic_set */
+}
+
+/* it may be called at remount time, too */
+void au_update_ibrange(struct inode *inode, int do_put_zero)
+{
+	struct au_iinfo *iinfo;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, bend;
+
+	iinfo = au_ii(inode);
+	if (!iinfo)
+		return;
+
+	IiMustWriteLock(inode);
+
+	if (do_put_zero && iinfo->ii_bstart >= 0) {
+		for (bindex = iinfo->ii_bstart; bindex <= iinfo->ii_bend;
+		     bindex++) {
+			struct inode *h_i;
+
+			h_i = iinfo->ii_hinode[0 + bindex].hi_inode;
+			if (h_i && !h_i->i_nlink)
+				au_set_h_iptr(inode, bindex, NULL, 0);
+		}
+	}
+
+	iinfo->ii_bstart = -1;
+	iinfo->ii_bend = -1;
+	bend = au_sbend(inode->i_sb);
+	for (bindex = 0; bindex <= bend; bindex++)
+		if (iinfo->ii_hinode[0 + bindex].hi_inode) {
+			iinfo->ii_bstart = bindex;
+			break;
+		}
+	if (iinfo->ii_bstart >= 0)
+		for (bindex = bend; bindex >= iinfo->ii_bstart; bindex--)
+			if (iinfo->ii_hinode[0 + bindex].hi_inode) {
+				iinfo->ii_bend = bindex;
+				break;
+			}
+	AuDebugOn(iinfo->ii_bstart > iinfo->ii_bend);
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+void au_icntnr_init_once(void *_c)
+{
+	struct au_icntnr *c = _c;
+	struct au_iinfo *iinfo = &c->iinfo;
+	static struct lock_class_key aufs_ii;
+
+	au_rw_init(&iinfo->ii_rwsem);
+	au_rw_class(&iinfo->ii_rwsem, &aufs_ii);
+	inode_init_once(&c->vfs_inode);
+}
+
+int au_iinfo_init(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	struct au_iinfo *iinfo;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	int nbr, i;
+
+	sb = inode->i_sb;
+	iinfo = &(container_of(inode, struct au_icntnr, vfs_inode)->iinfo);
+	nbr = au_sbend(sb) + 1;
+	if (unlikely(nbr <= 0))
+		nbr = 1;
+	iinfo->ii_hinode = kcalloc(nbr, sizeof(*iinfo->ii_hinode), GFP_NOFS);
+	if (iinfo->ii_hinode) {
+		au_ninodes_inc(sb);
+		for (i = 0; i < nbr; i++)
+			iinfo->ii_hinode[i].hi_id = -1;
+
+		atomic_set(&iinfo->ii_generation, au_sigen(sb));
+		/* smp_mb(); */ /* atomic_set */
+		iinfo->ii_bstart = -1;
+		iinfo->ii_bend = -1;
+		iinfo->ii_vdir = NULL;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return -ENOMEM;
+}
+
+int au_ii_realloc(struct au_iinfo *iinfo, int nbr)
+{
+	int err, sz;
+	struct au_hinode *hip;
+
+	AuRwMustWriteLock(&iinfo->ii_rwsem);
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	sz = sizeof(*hip) * (iinfo->ii_bend + 1);
+	if (!sz)
+		sz = sizeof(*hip);
+	hip = au_kzrealloc(iinfo->ii_hinode, sz, sizeof(*hip) * nbr, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (hip) {
+		iinfo->ii_hinode = hip;
+		err = 0;
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+void au_iinfo_fin(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	struct au_iinfo *iinfo;
+	struct au_hinode *hi;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, bend;
+	const unsigned char unlinked = !inode->i_nlink;
+
+	iinfo = au_ii(inode);
+	/* bad_inode case */
+	if (!iinfo)
+		return;
+
+	sb = inode->i_sb;
+	au_ninodes_dec(sb);
+	if (si_pid_test(sb))
+		au_xino_delete_inode(inode, unlinked);
+	else {
+		/*
+		 * it is safe to hide the dependency between sbinfo and
+		 * sb->s_umount.
+		 */
+		lockdep_off();
+		si_noflush_read_lock(sb);
+		au_xino_delete_inode(inode, unlinked);
+		si_read_unlock(sb);
+		lockdep_on();
+	}
+
+	if (iinfo->ii_vdir)
+		au_vdir_free(iinfo->ii_vdir);
+
+	bindex = iinfo->ii_bstart;
+	if (bindex >= 0) {
+		hi = iinfo->ii_hinode + bindex;
+		bend = iinfo->ii_bend;
+		while (bindex++ <= bend) {
+			if (hi->hi_inode)
+				au_hiput(hi);
+			hi++;
+		}
+	}
+	kfree(iinfo->ii_hinode);
+	iinfo->ii_hinode = NULL;
+	AuRwDestroy(&iinfo->ii_rwsem);
+}
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/inode.c b/ubuntu/aufs/inode.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..df70edee95c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/inode.c
@@ -0,0 +1,471 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * inode functions
+ */
+
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+struct inode *au_igrab(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	if (inode) {
+		AuDebugOn(!atomic_read(&inode->i_count));
+		ihold(inode);
+	}
+	return inode;
+}
+
+static void au_refresh_hinode_attr(struct inode *inode, int do_version)
+{
+	au_cpup_attr_all(inode, /*force*/0);
+	au_update_iigen(inode);
+	if (do_version)
+		inode->i_version++;
+}
+
+static int au_ii_refresh(struct inode *inode, int *update)
+{
+	int err, e;
+	umode_t type;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, new_bindex;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct au_iinfo *iinfo;
+	struct au_hinode *p, *q, tmp;
+
+	IiMustWriteLock(inode);
+
+	*update = 0;
+	sb = inode->i_sb;
+	type = inode->i_mode & S_IFMT;
+	iinfo = au_ii(inode);
+	err = au_ii_realloc(iinfo, au_sbend(sb) + 1);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	AuDebugOn(iinfo->ii_bstart < 0);
+	p = iinfo->ii_hinode + iinfo->ii_bstart;
+	for (bindex = iinfo->ii_bstart; bindex <= iinfo->ii_bend;
+	     bindex++, p++) {
+		if (!p->hi_inode)
+			continue;
+
+		AuDebugOn(type != (p->hi_inode->i_mode & S_IFMT));
+		new_bindex = au_br_index(sb, p->hi_id);
+		if (new_bindex == bindex)
+			continue;
+
+		if (new_bindex < 0) {
+			*update = 1;
+			au_hiput(p);
+			p->hi_inode = NULL;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (new_bindex < iinfo->ii_bstart)
+			iinfo->ii_bstart = new_bindex;
+		if (iinfo->ii_bend < new_bindex)
+			iinfo->ii_bend = new_bindex;
+		/* swap two lower inode, and loop again */
+		q = iinfo->ii_hinode + new_bindex;
+		tmp = *q;
+		*q = *p;
+		*p = tmp;
+		if (tmp.hi_inode) {
+			bindex--;
+			p--;
+		}
+	}
+	au_update_ibrange(inode, /*do_put_zero*/0);
+	e = au_dy_irefresh(inode);
+	if (unlikely(e && !err))
+		err = e;
+
+out:
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+int au_refresh_hinode_self(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	int err, update;
+
+	err = au_ii_refresh(inode, &update);
+	if (!err)
+		au_refresh_hinode_attr(inode, update && S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode));
+
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+int au_refresh_hinode(struct inode *inode, struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	int err, e, update;
+	unsigned int flags;
+	umode_t mode;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, bend;
+	unsigned char isdir;
+	struct au_hinode *p;
+	struct au_iinfo *iinfo;
+
+	err = au_ii_refresh(inode, &update);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	update = 0;
+	iinfo = au_ii(inode);
+	p = iinfo->ii_hinode + iinfo->ii_bstart;
+	mode = (inode->i_mode & S_IFMT);
+	isdir = S_ISDIR(mode);
+	flags = au_hi_flags(inode, isdir);
+	bend = au_dbend(dentry);
+	for (bindex = au_dbstart(dentry); bindex <= bend; bindex++) {
+		struct inode *h_i;
+		struct dentry *h_d;
+
+		h_d = au_h_dptr(dentry, bindex);
+		if (!h_d || !h_d->d_inode)
+			continue;
+
+		AuDebugOn(mode != (h_d->d_inode->i_mode & S_IFMT));
+		if (iinfo->ii_bstart <= bindex && bindex <= iinfo->ii_bend) {
+			h_i = au_h_iptr(inode, bindex);
+			if (h_i) {
+				if (h_i == h_d->d_inode)
+					continue;
+				err = -EIO;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if (bindex < iinfo->ii_bstart)
+			iinfo->ii_bstart = bindex;
+		if (iinfo->ii_bend < bindex)
+			iinfo->ii_bend = bindex;
+		au_set_h_iptr(inode, bindex, au_igrab(h_d->d_inode), flags);
+		update = 1;
+	}
+	au_update_ibrange(inode, /*do_put_zero*/0);
+	e = au_dy_irefresh(inode);
+	if (unlikely(e && !err))
+		err = e;
+	if (!err)
+		au_refresh_hinode_attr(inode, update && isdir);
+
+out:
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int set_inode(struct inode *inode, struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	int err;
+	unsigned int flags;
+	umode_t mode;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, bstart, btail;
+	unsigned char isdir;
+	struct dentry *h_dentry;
+	struct inode *h_inode;
+	struct au_iinfo *iinfo;
+
+	IiMustWriteLock(inode);
+
+	err = 0;
+	isdir = 0;
+	bstart = au_dbstart(dentry);
+	h_inode = au_h_dptr(dentry, bstart)->d_inode;
+	mode = h_inode->i_mode;
+	switch (mode & S_IFMT) {
+	case S_IFREG:
+		btail = au_dbtail(dentry);
+		inode->i_op = &aufs_iop;
+		inode->i_fop = &aufs_file_fop;
+		err = au_dy_iaop(inode, bstart, h_inode);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out;
+		break;
+	case S_IFDIR:
+		isdir = 1;
+		btail = au_dbtaildir(dentry);
+		inode->i_op = &aufs_dir_iop;
+		inode->i_fop = &aufs_dir_fop;
+		break;
+	case S_IFLNK:
+		btail = au_dbtail(dentry);
+		inode->i_op = &aufs_symlink_iop;
+		break;
+	case S_IFBLK:
+	case S_IFCHR:
+	case S_IFIFO:
+	case S_IFSOCK:
+		btail = au_dbtail(dentry);
+		inode->i_op = &aufs_iop;
+		au_init_special_fop(inode, mode, h_inode->i_rdev);
+		break;
+	default:
+		AuIOErr("Unknown file type 0%o\n", mode);
+		err = -EIO;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* do not set hnotify for whiteouted dirs (SHWH mode) */
+	flags = au_hi_flags(inode, isdir);
+	if (au_opt_test(au_mntflags(dentry->d_sb), SHWH)
+	    && au_ftest_hi(flags, HNOTIFY)
+	    && dentry->d_name.len > AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN
+	    && !memcmp(dentry->d_name.name, AUFS_WH_PFX, AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN))
+		au_fclr_hi(flags, HNOTIFY);
+	iinfo = au_ii(inode);
+	iinfo->ii_bstart = bstart;
+	iinfo->ii_bend = btail;
+	for (bindex = bstart; bindex <= btail; bindex++) {
+		h_dentry = au_h_dptr(dentry, bindex);
+		if (h_dentry)
+			au_set_h_iptr(inode, bindex,
+				      au_igrab(h_dentry->d_inode), flags);
+	}
+	au_cpup_attr_all(inode, /*force*/1);
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * successful returns with iinfo write_locked
+ * minus: errno
+ * zero: success, matched
+ * plus: no error, but unmatched
+ */
+static int reval_inode(struct inode *inode, struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, bend;
+	struct inode *h_inode, *h_dinode;
+
+	/*
+	 * before this function, if aufs got any iinfo lock, it must be only
+	 * one, the parent dir.
+	 * it can happen by UDBA and the obsoleted inode number.
+	 */
+	err = -EIO;
+	if (unlikely(inode->i_ino == parent_ino(dentry)))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = 1;
+	ii_write_lock_new_child(inode);
+	h_dinode = au_h_dptr(dentry, au_dbstart(dentry))->d_inode;
+	bend = au_ibend(inode);
+	for (bindex = au_ibstart(inode); bindex <= bend; bindex++) {
+		h_inode = au_h_iptr(inode, bindex);
+		if (h_inode && h_inode == h_dinode) {
+			err = 0;
+			if (au_iigen_test(inode, au_digen(dentry)))
+				err = au_refresh_hinode(inode, dentry);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		ii_write_unlock(inode);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+int au_ino(struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t bindex, ino_t h_ino,
+	   unsigned int d_type, ino_t *ino)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct mutex *mtx;
+
+	/* prevent hardlinked inode number from race condition */
+	mtx = NULL;
+	if (d_type != DT_DIR) {
+		mtx = &au_sbr(sb, bindex)->br_xino.xi_nondir_mtx;
+		mutex_lock(mtx);
+	}
+	err = au_xino_read(sb, bindex, h_ino, ino);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	if (!*ino) {
+		err = -EIO;
+		*ino = au_xino_new_ino(sb);
+		if (unlikely(!*ino))
+			goto out;
+		err = au_xino_write(sb, bindex, h_ino, *ino);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+out:
+	if (mtx)
+		mutex_unlock(mtx);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* successful returns with iinfo write_locked */
+/* todo: return with unlocked? */
+struct inode *au_new_inode(struct dentry *dentry, int must_new)
+{
+	struct inode *inode, *h_inode;
+	struct dentry *h_dentry;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct mutex *mtx;
+	ino_t h_ino, ino;
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bstart;
+
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	bstart = au_dbstart(dentry);
+	h_dentry = au_h_dptr(dentry, bstart);
+	h_inode = h_dentry->d_inode;
+	h_ino = h_inode->i_ino;
+
+	/*
+	 * stop 'race'-ing between hardlinks under different
+	 * parents.
+	 */
+	mtx = NULL;
+	if (!S_ISDIR(h_inode->i_mode))
+		mtx = &au_sbr(sb, bstart)->br_xino.xi_nondir_mtx;
+
+new_ino:
+	if (mtx)
+		mutex_lock(mtx);
+	err = au_xino_read(sb, bstart, h_ino, &ino);
+	inode = ERR_PTR(err);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	if (!ino) {
+		ino = au_xino_new_ino(sb);
+		if (unlikely(!ino)) {
+			inode = ERR_PTR(-EIO);
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	AuDbg("i%lu\n", (unsigned long)ino);
+	inode = au_iget_locked(sb, ino);
+	err = PTR_ERR(inode);
+	if (IS_ERR(inode))
+		goto out;
+
+	AuDbg("%lx, new %d\n", inode->i_state, !!(inode->i_state & I_NEW));
+	if (inode->i_state & I_NEW) {
+		ii_write_lock_new_child(inode);
+		err = set_inode(inode, dentry);
+		if (!err) {
+			unlock_new_inode(inode);
+			goto out; /* success */
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * iget_failed() calls iput(), but we need to call
+		 * ii_write_unlock() after iget_failed(). so dirty hack for
+		 * i_count.
+		 */
+		atomic_inc(&inode->i_count);
+		iget_failed(inode);
+		ii_write_unlock(inode);
+		au_xino_write(sb, bstart, h_ino, /*ino*/0);
+		/* ignore this error */
+		goto out_iput;
+	} else if (!must_new && !IS_DEADDIR(inode) && inode->i_nlink) {
+		/*
+		 * horrible race condition between lookup, readdir and copyup
+		 * (or something).
+		 */
+		if (mtx)
+			mutex_unlock(mtx);
+		err = reval_inode(inode, dentry);
+		if (unlikely(err < 0)) {
+			mtx = NULL;
+			goto out_iput;
+		}
+
+		if (!err) {
+			mtx = NULL;
+			goto out; /* success */
+		} else if (mtx)
+			mutex_lock(mtx);
+	}
+
+	if (unlikely(au_test_fs_unique_ino(h_dentry->d_inode)))
+		AuWarn1("Warning: Un-notified UDBA or repeatedly renamed dir,"
+			" b%d, %s, %.*s, hi%lu, i%lu.\n",
+			bstart, au_sbtype(h_dentry->d_sb), AuDLNPair(dentry),
+			(unsigned long)h_ino, (unsigned long)ino);
+	ino = 0;
+	err = au_xino_write(sb, bstart, h_ino, /*ino*/0);
+	if (!err) {
+		iput(inode);
+		if (mtx)
+			mutex_unlock(mtx);
+		goto new_ino;
+	}
+
+out_iput:
+	iput(inode);
+	inode = ERR_PTR(err);
+out:
+	if (mtx)
+		mutex_unlock(mtx);
+	return inode;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+int au_test_ro(struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+	       struct inode *inode)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	err = au_br_rdonly(au_sbr(sb, bindex));
+
+	/* pseudo-link after flushed may happen out of bounds */
+	if (!err
+	    && inode
+	    && au_ibstart(inode) <= bindex
+	    && bindex <= au_ibend(inode)) {
+		/*
+		 * permission check is unnecessary since vfsub routine
+		 * will be called later
+		 */
+		struct inode *hi = au_h_iptr(inode, bindex);
+		if (hi)
+			err = IS_IMMUTABLE(hi) ? -EROFS : 0;
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+int au_test_h_perm(struct inode *h_inode, int mask)
+{
+	if (!current_fsuid())
+		return 0;
+	return inode_permission(h_inode, mask);
+}
+
+int au_test_h_perm_sio(struct inode *h_inode, int mask)
+{
+	if (au_test_nfs(h_inode->i_sb)
+	    && (mask & MAY_WRITE)
+	    && S_ISDIR(h_inode->i_mode))
+		mask |= MAY_READ; /* force permission check */
+	return au_test_h_perm(h_inode, mask);
+}
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/inode.h b/ubuntu/aufs/inode.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1fe58f632534
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/inode.h
@@ -0,0 +1,554 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * inode operations
+ */
+
+#ifndef __AUFS_INODE_H__
+#define __AUFS_INODE_H__
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+
+#include <linux/fsnotify.h>
+#include "rwsem.h"
+
+struct vfsmount;
+
+struct au_hnotify {
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_HNOTIFY
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_HFSNOTIFY
+	/* never use fsnotify_add_vfsmount_mark() */
+	struct fsnotify_mark		hn_mark;
+	int				hn_mark_dead;
+#endif
+	struct inode			*hn_aufs_inode;	/* no get/put */
+#endif
+} ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
+
+struct au_hinode {
+	struct inode		*hi_inode;
+	aufs_bindex_t		hi_id;
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_HNOTIFY
+	struct au_hnotify	*hi_notify;
+#endif
+
+	/* reference to the copied-up whiteout with get/put */
+	struct dentry		*hi_whdentry;
+};
+
+struct au_vdir;
+struct au_iinfo {
+	atomic_t		ii_generation;
+	struct super_block	*ii_hsb1;	/* no get/put */
+
+	struct au_rwsem		ii_rwsem;
+	aufs_bindex_t		ii_bstart, ii_bend;
+	__u32			ii_higen;
+	struct au_hinode	*ii_hinode;
+	struct au_vdir		*ii_vdir;
+};
+
+struct au_icntnr {
+	struct au_iinfo iinfo;
+	struct inode vfs_inode;
+} ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
+
+/* au_pin flags */
+#define AuPin_DI_LOCKED		1
+#define AuPin_MNT_WRITE		(1 << 1)
+#define au_ftest_pin(flags, name)	((flags) & AuPin_##name)
+#define au_fset_pin(flags, name) \
+	do { (flags) |= AuPin_##name; } while (0)
+#define au_fclr_pin(flags, name) \
+	do { (flags) &= ~AuPin_##name; } while (0)
+
+struct au_pin {
+	/* input */
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+	unsigned int udba;
+	unsigned char lsc_di, lsc_hi, flags;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex;
+
+	/* output */
+	struct dentry *parent;
+	struct au_hinode *hdir;
+	struct vfsmount *h_mnt;
+};
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static inline struct au_iinfo *au_ii(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	struct au_iinfo *iinfo;
+
+	iinfo = &(container_of(inode, struct au_icntnr, vfs_inode)->iinfo);
+	if (iinfo->ii_hinode)
+		return iinfo;
+	return NULL; /* debugging bad_inode case */
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* inode.c */
+struct inode *au_igrab(struct inode *inode);
+int au_refresh_hinode_self(struct inode *inode);
+int au_refresh_hinode(struct inode *inode, struct dentry *dentry);
+int au_ino(struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t bindex, ino_t h_ino,
+	   unsigned int d_type, ino_t *ino);
+struct inode *au_new_inode(struct dentry *dentry, int must_new);
+int au_test_ro(struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+	       struct inode *inode);
+int au_test_h_perm(struct inode *h_inode, int mask);
+int au_test_h_perm_sio(struct inode *h_inode, int mask);
+
+static inline int au_wh_ino(struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+			    ino_t h_ino, unsigned int d_type, ino_t *ino)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_SHWH
+	return au_ino(sb, bindex, h_ino, d_type, ino);
+#else
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+/* i_op.c */
+extern struct inode_operations aufs_iop, aufs_symlink_iop, aufs_dir_iop;
+
+/* au_wr_dir flags */
+#define AuWrDir_ADD_ENTRY	1
+#define AuWrDir_ISDIR		(1 << 1)
+#define au_ftest_wrdir(flags, name)	((flags) & AuWrDir_##name)
+#define au_fset_wrdir(flags, name) \
+	do { (flags) |= AuWrDir_##name; } while (0)
+#define au_fclr_wrdir(flags, name) \
+	do { (flags) &= ~AuWrDir_##name; } while (0)
+
+struct au_wr_dir_args {
+	aufs_bindex_t force_btgt;
+	unsigned char flags;
+};
+int au_wr_dir(struct dentry *dentry, struct dentry *src_dentry,
+	      struct au_wr_dir_args *args);
+
+struct dentry *au_pinned_h_parent(struct au_pin *pin);
+void au_pin_init(struct au_pin *pin, struct dentry *dentry,
+		 aufs_bindex_t bindex, int lsc_di, int lsc_hi,
+		 unsigned int udba, unsigned char flags);
+int au_pin(struct au_pin *pin, struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+	   unsigned int udba, unsigned char flags) __must_check;
+int au_do_pin(struct au_pin *pin) __must_check;
+void au_unpin(struct au_pin *pin);
+
+/* i_op_add.c */
+int au_may_add(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+	       struct dentry *h_parent, int isdir);
+int aufs_mknod(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, int mode, dev_t dev);
+int aufs_symlink(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, const char *symname);
+int aufs_create(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, int mode,
+		struct nameidata *nd);
+int aufs_link(struct dentry *src_dentry, struct inode *dir,
+	      struct dentry *dentry);
+int aufs_mkdir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, int mode);
+
+/* i_op_del.c */
+int au_wr_dir_need_wh(struct dentry *dentry, int isdir, aufs_bindex_t *bcpup);
+int au_may_del(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+	       struct dentry *h_parent, int isdir);
+int aufs_unlink(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry);
+int aufs_rmdir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry);
+
+/* i_op_ren.c */
+int au_wbr(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t btgt);
+int aufs_rename(struct inode *src_dir, struct dentry *src_dentry,
+		struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry);
+
+/* iinfo.c */
+struct inode *au_h_iptr(struct inode *inode, aufs_bindex_t bindex);
+void au_hiput(struct au_hinode *hinode);
+void au_set_hi_wh(struct inode *inode, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+		  struct dentry *h_wh);
+unsigned int au_hi_flags(struct inode *inode, int isdir);
+
+/* hinode flags */
+#define AuHi_XINO	1
+#define AuHi_HNOTIFY	(1 << 1)
+#define au_ftest_hi(flags, name)	((flags) & AuHi_##name)
+#define au_fset_hi(flags, name) \
+	do { (flags) |= AuHi_##name; } while (0)
+#define au_fclr_hi(flags, name) \
+	do { (flags) &= ~AuHi_##name; } while (0)
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_AUFS_HNOTIFY
+#undef AuHi_HNOTIFY
+#define AuHi_HNOTIFY	0
+#endif
+
+void au_set_h_iptr(struct inode *inode, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+		   struct inode *h_inode, unsigned int flags);
+
+void au_update_iigen(struct inode *inode);
+void au_update_ibrange(struct inode *inode, int do_put_zero);
+
+void au_icntnr_init_once(void *_c);
+int au_iinfo_init(struct inode *inode);
+void au_iinfo_fin(struct inode *inode);
+int au_ii_realloc(struct au_iinfo *iinfo, int nbr);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
+/* plink.c */
+int au_plink_maint(struct super_block *sb, int flags);
+void au_plink_maint_leave(struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo);
+int au_plink_maint_enter(struct super_block *sb);
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_DEBUG
+void au_plink_list(struct super_block *sb);
+#else
+AuStubVoid(au_plink_list, struct super_block *sb)
+#endif
+int au_plink_test(struct inode *inode);
+struct dentry *au_plink_lkup(struct inode *inode, aufs_bindex_t bindex);
+void au_plink_append(struct inode *inode, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+		     struct dentry *h_dentry);
+void au_plink_put(struct super_block *sb, int verbose);
+void au_plink_clean(struct super_block *sb, int verbose);
+void au_plink_half_refresh(struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t br_id);
+#else
+AuStubInt0(au_plink_maint, struct super_block *sb, int flags);
+AuStubVoid(au_plink_maint_leave, struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo);
+AuStubInt0(au_plink_maint_enter, struct super_block *sb);
+AuStubVoid(au_plink_list, struct super_block *sb);
+AuStubInt0(au_plink_test, struct inode *inode);
+AuStub(struct dentry *, au_plink_lkup, return NULL,
+       struct inode *inode, aufs_bindex_t bindex);
+AuStubVoid(au_plink_append, struct inode *inode, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+	   struct dentry *h_dentry);
+AuStubVoid(au_plink_put, struct super_block *sb, int verbose);
+AuStubVoid(au_plink_clean, struct super_block *sb, int verbose);
+AuStubVoid(au_plink_half_refresh, struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t br_id);
+#endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* lock subclass for iinfo */
+enum {
+	AuLsc_II_CHILD,		/* child first */
+	AuLsc_II_CHILD2,	/* rename(2), link(2), and cpup at hnotify */
+	AuLsc_II_CHILD3,	/* copyup dirs */
+	AuLsc_II_PARENT,	/* see AuLsc_I_PARENT in vfsub.h */
+	AuLsc_II_PARENT2,
+	AuLsc_II_PARENT3,	/* copyup dirs */
+	AuLsc_II_NEW_CHILD
+};
+
+/*
+ * ii_read_lock_child, ii_write_lock_child,
+ * ii_read_lock_child2, ii_write_lock_child2,
+ * ii_read_lock_child3, ii_write_lock_child3,
+ * ii_read_lock_parent, ii_write_lock_parent,
+ * ii_read_lock_parent2, ii_write_lock_parent2,
+ * ii_read_lock_parent3, ii_write_lock_parent3,
+ * ii_read_lock_new_child, ii_write_lock_new_child,
+ */
+#define AuReadLockFunc(name, lsc) \
+static inline void ii_read_lock_##name(struct inode *i) \
+{ \
+	au_rw_read_lock_nested(&au_ii(i)->ii_rwsem, AuLsc_II_##lsc); \
+}
+
+#define AuWriteLockFunc(name, lsc) \
+static inline void ii_write_lock_##name(struct inode *i) \
+{ \
+	au_rw_write_lock_nested(&au_ii(i)->ii_rwsem, AuLsc_II_##lsc); \
+}
+
+#define AuRWLockFuncs(name, lsc) \
+	AuReadLockFunc(name, lsc) \
+	AuWriteLockFunc(name, lsc)
+
+AuRWLockFuncs(child, CHILD);
+AuRWLockFuncs(child2, CHILD2);
+AuRWLockFuncs(child3, CHILD3);
+AuRWLockFuncs(parent, PARENT);
+AuRWLockFuncs(parent2, PARENT2);
+AuRWLockFuncs(parent3, PARENT3);
+AuRWLockFuncs(new_child, NEW_CHILD);
+
+#undef AuReadLockFunc
+#undef AuWriteLockFunc
+#undef AuRWLockFuncs
+
+/*
+ * ii_read_unlock, ii_write_unlock, ii_downgrade_lock
+ */
+AuSimpleUnlockRwsemFuncs(ii, struct inode *i, &au_ii(i)->ii_rwsem);
+
+#define IiMustNoWaiters(i)	AuRwMustNoWaiters(&au_ii(i)->ii_rwsem)
+#define IiMustAnyLock(i)	AuRwMustAnyLock(&au_ii(i)->ii_rwsem)
+#define IiMustWriteLock(i)	AuRwMustWriteLock(&au_ii(i)->ii_rwsem)
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static inline void au_icntnr_init(struct au_icntnr *c)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_DEBUG
+	c->vfs_inode.i_mode = 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline unsigned int au_iigen(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	return atomic_read(&au_ii(inode)->ii_generation);
+}
+
+/* tiny test for inode number */
+/* tmpfs generation is too rough */
+static inline int au_test_higen(struct inode *inode, struct inode *h_inode)
+{
+	struct au_iinfo *iinfo;
+
+	iinfo = au_ii(inode);
+	AuRwMustAnyLock(&iinfo->ii_rwsem);
+	return !(iinfo->ii_hsb1 == h_inode->i_sb
+		 && iinfo->ii_higen == h_inode->i_generation);
+}
+
+static inline void au_iigen_dec(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	atomic_dec(&au_ii(inode)->ii_generation);
+}
+
+static inline int au_iigen_test(struct inode *inode, unsigned int sigen)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	err = 0;
+	if (unlikely(inode && au_iigen(inode) != sigen))
+		err = -EIO;
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static inline aufs_bindex_t au_ii_br_id(struct inode *inode,
+					aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	IiMustAnyLock(inode);
+	return au_ii(inode)->ii_hinode[0 + bindex].hi_id;
+}
+
+static inline aufs_bindex_t au_ibstart(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	IiMustAnyLock(inode);
+	return au_ii(inode)->ii_bstart;
+}
+
+static inline aufs_bindex_t au_ibend(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	IiMustAnyLock(inode);
+	return au_ii(inode)->ii_bend;
+}
+
+static inline struct au_vdir *au_ivdir(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	IiMustAnyLock(inode);
+	return au_ii(inode)->ii_vdir;
+}
+
+static inline struct dentry *au_hi_wh(struct inode *inode, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	IiMustAnyLock(inode);
+	return au_ii(inode)->ii_hinode[0 + bindex].hi_whdentry;
+}
+
+static inline void au_set_ibstart(struct inode *inode, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	IiMustWriteLock(inode);
+	au_ii(inode)->ii_bstart = bindex;
+}
+
+static inline void au_set_ibend(struct inode *inode, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	IiMustWriteLock(inode);
+	au_ii(inode)->ii_bend = bindex;
+}
+
+static inline void au_set_ivdir(struct inode *inode, struct au_vdir *vdir)
+{
+	IiMustWriteLock(inode);
+	au_ii(inode)->ii_vdir = vdir;
+}
+
+static inline struct au_hinode *au_hi(struct inode *inode, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	IiMustAnyLock(inode);
+	return au_ii(inode)->ii_hinode + bindex;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static inline struct dentry *au_pinned_parent(struct au_pin *pin)
+{
+	if (pin)
+		return pin->parent;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline struct inode *au_pinned_h_dir(struct au_pin *pin)
+{
+	if (pin && pin->hdir)
+		return pin->hdir->hi_inode;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline struct au_hinode *au_pinned_hdir(struct au_pin *pin)
+{
+	if (pin)
+		return pin->hdir;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline void au_pin_set_dentry(struct au_pin *pin, struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	if (pin)
+		pin->dentry = dentry;
+}
+
+static inline void au_pin_set_parent_lflag(struct au_pin *pin,
+					   unsigned char lflag)
+{
+	if (pin) {
+		if (lflag)
+			au_fset_pin(pin->flags, DI_LOCKED);
+		else
+			au_fclr_pin(pin->flags, DI_LOCKED);
+	}
+}
+
+static inline void au_pin_set_parent(struct au_pin *pin, struct dentry *parent)
+{
+	if (pin) {
+		dput(pin->parent);
+		pin->parent = dget(parent);
+	}
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+struct au_branch;
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_HNOTIFY
+struct au_hnotify_op {
+	void (*ctl)(struct au_hinode *hinode, int do_set);
+	int (*alloc)(struct au_hinode *hinode);
+	void (*free)(struct au_hinode *hinode);
+
+	void (*fin)(void);
+	int (*init)(void);
+
+	int (*reset_br)(unsigned int udba, struct au_branch *br, int perm);
+	void (*fin_br)(struct au_branch *br);
+	int (*init_br)(struct au_branch *br, int perm);
+};
+
+/* hnotify.c */
+int au_hn_alloc(struct au_hinode *hinode, struct inode *inode);
+void au_hn_free(struct au_hinode *hinode);
+void au_hn_ctl(struct au_hinode *hinode, int do_set);
+void au_hn_reset(struct inode *inode, unsigned int flags);
+int au_hnotify(struct inode *h_dir, struct au_hnotify *hnotify, u32 mask,
+	       struct qstr *h_child_qstr, struct inode *h_child_inode);
+int au_hnotify_reset_br(unsigned int udba, struct au_branch *br, int perm);
+int au_hnotify_init_br(struct au_branch *br, int perm);
+void au_hnotify_fin_br(struct au_branch *br);
+int __init au_hnotify_init(void);
+void au_hnotify_fin(void);
+
+/* hfsnotify.c */
+extern const struct au_hnotify_op au_hnotify_op;
+
+static inline
+void au_hn_init(struct au_hinode *hinode)
+{
+	hinode->hi_notify = NULL;
+}
+
+static inline struct au_hnotify *au_hn(struct au_hinode *hinode)
+{
+	return hinode->hi_notify;
+}
+
+#else
+static inline
+int au_hn_alloc(struct au_hinode *hinode __maybe_unused,
+		struct inode *inode __maybe_unused)
+{
+	return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+}
+
+static inline struct au_hnotify *au_hn(struct au_hinode *hinode)
+{
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+AuStubVoid(au_hn_free, struct au_hinode *hinode __maybe_unused)
+AuStubVoid(au_hn_ctl, struct au_hinode *hinode __maybe_unused,
+	   int do_set __maybe_unused)
+AuStubVoid(au_hn_reset, struct inode *inode __maybe_unused,
+	   unsigned int flags __maybe_unused)
+AuStubInt0(au_hnotify_reset_br, unsigned int udba __maybe_unused,
+	   struct au_branch *br __maybe_unused,
+	   int perm __maybe_unused)
+AuStubInt0(au_hnotify_init_br, struct au_branch *br __maybe_unused,
+	   int perm __maybe_unused)
+AuStubVoid(au_hnotify_fin_br, struct au_branch *br __maybe_unused)
+AuStubInt0(__init au_hnotify_init, void)
+AuStubVoid(au_hnotify_fin, void)
+AuStubVoid(au_hn_init, struct au_hinode *hinode __maybe_unused)
+#endif /* CONFIG_AUFS_HNOTIFY */
+
+static inline void au_hn_suspend(struct au_hinode *hdir)
+{
+	au_hn_ctl(hdir, /*do_set*/0);
+}
+
+static inline void au_hn_resume(struct au_hinode *hdir)
+{
+	au_hn_ctl(hdir, /*do_set*/1);
+}
+
+static inline void au_hn_imtx_lock(struct au_hinode *hdir)
+{
+	mutex_lock(&hdir->hi_inode->i_mutex);
+	au_hn_suspend(hdir);
+}
+
+static inline void au_hn_imtx_lock_nested(struct au_hinode *hdir,
+					  unsigned int sc __maybe_unused)
+{
+	mutex_lock_nested(&hdir->hi_inode->i_mutex, sc);
+	au_hn_suspend(hdir);
+}
+
+static inline void au_hn_imtx_unlock(struct au_hinode *hdir)
+{
+	au_hn_resume(hdir);
+	mutex_unlock(&hdir->hi_inode->i_mutex);
+}
+
+#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
+#endif /* __AUFS_INODE_H__ */
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/ioctl.c b/ubuntu/aufs/ioctl.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..30a49dff8214
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/ioctl.c
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * ioctl
+ * plink-management and readdir in userspace.
+ * assist the pathconf(3) wrapper library.
+ */
+
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+static int au_wbr_fd(struct path *path, struct aufs_wbr_fd __user *arg)
+{
+	int err, fd;
+	aufs_bindex_t wbi, bindex, bend;
+	struct file *h_file;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct dentry *root;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+	struct aufs_wbr_fd wbrfd = {
+		.oflags	= au_dir_roflags,
+		.brid	= -1
+	};
+	const int valid = O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK | O_LARGEFILE | O_DIRECTORY
+		| O_NOATIME | O_CLOEXEC;
+
+	AuDebugOn(wbrfd.oflags & ~valid);
+
+	if (arg) {
+		err = copy_from_user(&wbrfd, arg, sizeof(wbrfd));
+		if (unlikely(err)) {
+			err = -EFAULT;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		AuDbg("wbrfd{0%o, %d}\n", wbrfd.oflags, wbrfd.brid);
+		wbrfd.oflags |= au_dir_roflags;
+		AuDbg("0%o\n", wbrfd.oflags);
+		if (unlikely(wbrfd.oflags & ~valid))
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	fd = get_unused_fd();
+	err = fd;
+	if (unlikely(fd < 0))
+		goto out;
+
+	h_file = ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
+	wbi = 0;
+	br = NULL;
+	sb = path->dentry->d_sb;
+	root = sb->s_root;
+	aufs_read_lock(root, AuLock_IR);
+	bend = au_sbend(sb);
+	if (wbrfd.brid >= 0) {
+		wbi = au_br_index(sb, wbrfd.brid);
+		if (unlikely(wbi < 0 || wbi > bend))
+			goto out_unlock;
+	}
+
+	h_file = ERR_PTR(-ENOENT);
+	br = au_sbr(sb, wbi);
+	if (!au_br_writable(br->br_perm)) {
+		if (arg)
+			goto out_unlock;
+
+		bindex = wbi + 1;
+		wbi = -1;
+		for (; bindex <= bend; bindex++) {
+			br = au_sbr(sb, bindex);
+			if (au_br_writable(br->br_perm)) {
+				wbi = bindex;
+				br = au_sbr(sb, wbi);
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	AuDbg("wbi %d\n", wbi);
+	if (wbi >= 0)
+		h_file = au_h_open(root, wbi, wbrfd.oflags, NULL);
+
+out_unlock:
+	aufs_read_unlock(root, AuLock_IR);
+	err = PTR_ERR(h_file);
+	if (IS_ERR(h_file))
+		goto out_fd;
+
+	atomic_dec(&br->br_count); /* cf. au_h_open() */
+	fd_install(fd, h_file);
+	err = fd;
+	goto out; /* success */
+
+out_fd:
+	put_unused_fd(fd);
+out:
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+long aufs_ioctl_dir(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
+{
+	long err;
+
+	switch (cmd) {
+	case AUFS_CTL_RDU:
+	case AUFS_CTL_RDU_INO:
+		err = au_rdu_ioctl(file, cmd, arg);
+		break;
+
+	case AUFS_CTL_WBR_FD:
+		err = au_wbr_fd(&file->f_path, (void __user *)arg);
+		break;
+
+	case AUFS_CTL_IBUSY:
+		err = au_ibusy_ioctl(file, arg);
+		break;
+
+	default:
+		/* do not call the lower */
+		AuDbg("0x%x\n", cmd);
+		err = -ENOTTY;
+	}
+
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+long aufs_ioctl_nondir(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
+{
+	long err;
+
+	switch (cmd) {
+	case AUFS_CTL_WBR_FD:
+		err = au_wbr_fd(&file->f_path, (void __user *)arg);
+		break;
+
+	default:
+		/* do not call the lower */
+		AuDbg("0x%x\n", cmd);
+		err = -ENOTTY;
+	}
+
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
+long aufs_compat_ioctl_dir(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd,
+			   unsigned long arg)
+{
+	long err;
+
+	switch (cmd) {
+	case AUFS_CTL_RDU:
+	case AUFS_CTL_RDU_INO:
+		err = au_rdu_compat_ioctl(file, cmd, arg);
+		break;
+
+	case AUFS_CTL_IBUSY:
+		err = au_ibusy_compat_ioctl(file, arg);
+		break;
+
+	default:
+		err = aufs_ioctl_dir(file, cmd, arg);
+	}
+
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+#if 0 /* unused yet */
+long aufs_compat_ioctl_nondir(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd,
+			      unsigned long arg)
+{
+	return aufs_ioctl_nondir(file, cmd, (unsigned long)compat_ptr(arg));
+}
+#endif
+#endif
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/loop.c b/ubuntu/aufs/loop.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..317f0e46de33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/loop.c
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * support for loopback block device as a branch
+ */
+
+#include <linux/loop.h>
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+/*
+ * test if two lower dentries have overlapping branches.
+ */
+int au_test_loopback_overlap(struct super_block *sb, struct dentry *h_adding)
+{
+	struct super_block *h_sb;
+	struct loop_device *l;
+
+	h_sb = h_adding->d_sb;
+	if (MAJOR(h_sb->s_dev) != LOOP_MAJOR)
+		return 0;
+
+	l = h_sb->s_bdev->bd_disk->private_data;
+	h_adding = l->lo_backing_file->f_dentry;
+	/*
+	 * h_adding can be local NFS.
+	 * in this case aufs cannot detect the loop.
+	 */
+	if (unlikely(h_adding->d_sb == sb))
+		return 1;
+	return !!au_test_subdir(h_adding, sb->s_root);
+}
+
+/* true if a kernel thread named 'loop[0-9].*' accesses a file */
+int au_test_loopback_kthread(void)
+{
+	int ret;
+	struct task_struct *tsk = current;
+
+	ret = 0;
+	if (tsk->flags & PF_KTHREAD) {
+		const char c = tsk->comm[4];
+		ret = ('0' <= c && c <= '9'
+		       && !strncmp(tsk->comm, "loop", 4));
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#define au_warn_loopback_step	16
+static int au_warn_loopback_nelem = au_warn_loopback_step;
+static unsigned long *au_warn_loopback_array;
+
+void au_warn_loopback(struct super_block *h_sb)
+{
+	int i, new_nelem;
+	unsigned long *a, magic;
+	static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(spin);
+
+	magic = h_sb->s_magic;
+	spin_lock(&spin);
+	a = au_warn_loopback_array;
+	for (i = 0; i < au_warn_loopback_nelem && *a; i++)
+		if (a[i] == magic) {
+			spin_unlock(&spin);
+			return;
+		}
+
+	/* h_sb is new to us, print it */
+	if (i < au_warn_loopback_nelem) {
+		a[i] = magic;
+		goto pr;
+	}
+
+	/* expand the array */
+	new_nelem = au_warn_loopback_nelem + au_warn_loopback_step;
+	a = au_kzrealloc(au_warn_loopback_array,
+			 au_warn_loopback_nelem * sizeof(unsigned long),
+			 new_nelem * sizeof(unsigned long), GFP_ATOMIC);
+	if (a) {
+		au_warn_loopback_nelem = new_nelem;
+		au_warn_loopback_array = a;
+		a[i] = magic;
+		goto pr;
+	}
+
+	spin_unlock(&spin);
+	AuWarn1("realloc failed, ignored\n");
+	return;
+
+pr:
+	spin_unlock(&spin);
+	pr_warning("you may want to try another patch for loopback file "
+		   "on %s(0x%lx) branch\n", au_sbtype(h_sb), magic);
+}
+
+int au_loopback_init(void)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct super_block *sb __maybe_unused;
+
+	AuDebugOn(sizeof(sb->s_magic) != sizeof(unsigned long));
+
+	err = 0;
+	au_warn_loopback_array = kcalloc(au_warn_loopback_step,
+					 sizeof(unsigned long), GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(!au_warn_loopback_array))
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+void au_loopback_fin(void)
+{
+	kfree(au_warn_loopback_array);
+}
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/loop.h b/ubuntu/aufs/loop.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b7af6a73cad8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/loop.h
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * support for loopback mount as a branch
+ */
+
+#ifndef __AUFS_LOOP_H__
+#define __AUFS_LOOP_H__
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+
+struct dentry;
+struct super_block;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_BDEV_LOOP
+/* loop.c */
+int au_test_loopback_overlap(struct super_block *sb, struct dentry *h_adding);
+int au_test_loopback_kthread(void);
+void au_warn_loopback(struct super_block *h_sb);
+
+int au_loopback_init(void);
+void au_loopback_fin(void);
+#else
+AuStubInt0(au_test_loopback_overlap, struct super_block *sb,
+	   struct dentry *h_adding)
+AuStubInt0(au_test_loopback_kthread, void)
+AuStubVoid(au_warn_loopback, struct super_block *h_sb)
+
+AuStubInt0(au_loopback_init, void)
+AuStubVoid(au_loopback_fin, void)
+#endif /* BLK_DEV_LOOP */
+
+#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
+#endif /* __AUFS_LOOP_H__ */
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/magic.mk b/ubuntu/aufs/magic.mk
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3e6387b01b49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/magic.mk
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+
+# defined in ${srctree}/fs/fuse/inode.c
+# tristate
+ifdef CONFIG_FUSE_FS
+ccflags-y += -DFUSE_SUPER_MAGIC=0x65735546
+endif
+
+# defined in ${srctree}/fs/ocfs2/ocfs2_fs.h
+# tristate
+ifdef CONFIG_OCFS2_FS
+ccflags-y += -DOCFS2_SUPER_MAGIC=0x7461636f
+endif
+
+# defined in ${srctree}/fs/ocfs2/dlm/userdlm.h
+# tristate
+ifdef CONFIG_OCFS2_FS_O2CB
+ccflags-y += -DDLMFS_MAGIC=0x76a9f425
+endif
+
+# defined in ${srctree}/fs/cifs/cifsfs.c
+# tristate
+ifdef CONFIG_CIFS_FS
+ccflags-y += -DCIFS_MAGIC_NUMBER=0xFF534D42
+endif
+
+# defined in ${srctree}/fs/xfs/xfs_sb.h
+# tristate
+ifdef CONFIG_XFS_FS
+ccflags-y += -DXFS_SB_MAGIC=0x58465342
+endif
+
+# defined in ${srctree}/fs/configfs/mount.c
+# tristate
+ifdef CONFIG_CONFIGFS_FS
+ccflags-y += -DCONFIGFS_MAGIC=0x62656570
+endif
+
+# defined in ${srctree}/fs/9p/v9fs.h
+# tristate
+ifdef CONFIG_9P_FS
+ccflags-y += -DV9FS_MAGIC=0x01021997
+endif
+
+# defined in ${srctree}/fs/ubifs/ubifs.h
+# tristate
+ifdef CONFIG_UBIFS_FS
+ccflags-y += -DUBIFS_SUPER_MAGIC=0x24051905
+endif
+
+# defined in ${srctree}/fs/hfsplus/hfsplus_raw.h
+# tristate
+ifdef CONFIG_HFSPLUS_FS
+ccflags-y += -DHFSPLUS_SUPER_MAGIC=0x482b
+endif
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/module.c b/ubuntu/aufs/module.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ef288b867244
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/module.c
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * module global variables and operations
+ */
+
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/seq_file.h>
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+void *au_kzrealloc(void *p, unsigned int nused, unsigned int new_sz, gfp_t gfp)
+{
+	if (new_sz <= nused)
+		return p;
+
+	p = krealloc(p, new_sz, gfp);
+	if (p)
+		memset(p + nused, 0, new_sz - nused);
+	return p;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/*
+ * aufs caches
+ */
+struct kmem_cache *au_cachep[AuCache_Last];
+static int __init au_cache_init(void)
+{
+	au_cachep[AuCache_DINFO] = AuCacheCtor(au_dinfo, au_di_init_once);
+	if (au_cachep[AuCache_DINFO])
+		/* SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU */
+		au_cachep[AuCache_ICNTNR] = AuCacheCtor(au_icntnr,
+							au_icntnr_init_once);
+	if (au_cachep[AuCache_ICNTNR])
+		au_cachep[AuCache_FINFO] = AuCacheCtor(au_finfo,
+						       au_fi_init_once);
+	if (au_cachep[AuCache_FINFO])
+		au_cachep[AuCache_VDIR] = AuCache(au_vdir);
+	if (au_cachep[AuCache_VDIR])
+		au_cachep[AuCache_DEHSTR] = AuCache(au_vdir_dehstr);
+	if (au_cachep[AuCache_DEHSTR])
+		return 0;
+
+	return -ENOMEM;
+}
+
+static void au_cache_fin(void)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	/* including AuCache_HNOTIFY */
+	for (i = 0; i < AuCache_Last; i++)
+		if (au_cachep[i]) {
+			kmem_cache_destroy(au_cachep[i]);
+			au_cachep[i] = NULL;
+		}
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+int au_dir_roflags;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_SBILIST
+/*
+ * iterate_supers_type() doesn't protect us from
+ * remounting (branch management)
+ */
+struct au_splhead au_sbilist;
+#endif
+
+struct lock_class_key au_lc_key[AuLcKey_Last];
+
+/*
+ * functions for module interface.
+ */
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
+/* MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2"); */
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Junjiro R. Okajima <aufs-users@lists.sourceforge.net>");
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION(AUFS_NAME
+	" -- Advanced multi layered unification filesystem");
+MODULE_VERSION(AUFS_VERSION);
+
+/* this module parameter has no meaning when SYSFS is disabled */
+int sysaufs_brs = 1;
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(brs, "use <sysfs>/fs/aufs/si_*/brN");
+module_param_named(brs, sysaufs_brs, int, S_IRUGO);
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static char au_esc_chars[0x20 + 3]; /* 0x01-0x20, backslash, del, and NULL */
+
+int au_seq_path(struct seq_file *seq, struct path *path)
+{
+	return seq_path(seq, path, au_esc_chars);
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static int __init aufs_init(void)
+{
+	int err, i;
+	char *p;
+
+	p = au_esc_chars;
+	for (i = 1; i <= ' '; i++)
+		*p++ = i;
+	*p++ = '\\';
+	*p++ = '\x7f';
+	*p = 0;
+
+	au_dir_roflags = au_file_roflags(O_DIRECTORY | O_LARGEFILE);
+
+	au_sbilist_init();
+	sysaufs_brs_init();
+	au_debug_init();
+	au_dy_init();
+	err = sysaufs_init();
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+	err = au_procfs_init();
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_sysaufs;
+	err = au_wkq_init();
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_procfs;
+	err = au_loopback_init();
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_wkq;
+	err = au_hnotify_init();
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_loopback;
+	err = au_sysrq_init();
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_hin;
+	err = au_cache_init();
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_sysrq;
+	err = register_filesystem(&aufs_fs_type);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_cache;
+	/* since we define pr_fmt, call printk directly */
+	printk(KERN_INFO AUFS_NAME " " AUFS_VERSION "\n");
+	goto out; /* success */
+
+out_cache:
+	au_cache_fin();
+out_sysrq:
+	au_sysrq_fin();
+out_hin:
+	au_hnotify_fin();
+out_loopback:
+	au_loopback_fin();
+out_wkq:
+	au_wkq_fin();
+out_procfs:
+	au_procfs_fin();
+out_sysaufs:
+	sysaufs_fin();
+	au_dy_fin();
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static void __exit aufs_exit(void)
+{
+	unregister_filesystem(&aufs_fs_type);
+	au_cache_fin();
+	au_sysrq_fin();
+	au_hnotify_fin();
+	au_loopback_fin();
+	au_wkq_fin();
+	au_procfs_fin();
+	sysaufs_fin();
+	au_dy_fin();
+}
+
+module_init(aufs_init);
+module_exit(aufs_exit);
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/module.h b/ubuntu/aufs/module.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..242f4ea3e99c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/module.h
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * module initialization and module-global
+ */
+
+#ifndef __AUFS_MODULE_H__
+#define __AUFS_MODULE_H__
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+
+struct path;
+struct seq_file;
+
+/* module parameters */
+extern int sysaufs_brs;
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+extern int au_dir_roflags;
+
+enum {
+	AuLcNonDir_FIINFO,
+	AuLcNonDir_DIINFO,
+	AuLcNonDir_IIINFO,
+
+	AuLcDir_FIINFO,
+	AuLcDir_DIINFO,
+	AuLcDir_IIINFO,
+
+	AuLcSymlink_DIINFO,
+	AuLcSymlink_IIINFO,
+
+	AuLcKey_Last
+};
+extern struct lock_class_key au_lc_key[AuLcKey_Last];
+
+void *au_kzrealloc(void *p, unsigned int nused, unsigned int new_sz, gfp_t gfp);
+int au_seq_path(struct seq_file *seq, struct path *path);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
+/* procfs.c */
+int __init au_procfs_init(void);
+void au_procfs_fin(void);
+#else
+AuStubInt0(au_procfs_init, void);
+AuStubVoid(au_procfs_fin, void);
+#endif
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* kmem cache */
+enum {
+	AuCache_DINFO,
+	AuCache_ICNTNR,
+	AuCache_FINFO,
+	AuCache_VDIR,
+	AuCache_DEHSTR,
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_HNOTIFY
+	AuCache_HNOTIFY,
+#endif
+	AuCache_Last
+};
+
+#define AuCacheFlags		(SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT | SLAB_MEM_SPREAD)
+#define AuCache(type)		KMEM_CACHE(type, AuCacheFlags)
+#define AuCacheCtor(type, ctor)	\
+	kmem_cache_create(#type, sizeof(struct type), \
+			  __alignof__(struct type), AuCacheFlags, ctor)
+
+extern struct kmem_cache *au_cachep[];
+
+#define AuCacheFuncs(name, index) \
+static inline struct au_##name *au_cache_alloc_##name(void) \
+{ return kmem_cache_alloc(au_cachep[AuCache_##index], GFP_NOFS); } \
+static inline void au_cache_free_##name(struct au_##name *p) \
+{ kmem_cache_free(au_cachep[AuCache_##index], p); }
+
+AuCacheFuncs(dinfo, DINFO);
+AuCacheFuncs(icntnr, ICNTNR);
+AuCacheFuncs(finfo, FINFO);
+AuCacheFuncs(vdir, VDIR);
+AuCacheFuncs(vdir_dehstr, DEHSTR);
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_HNOTIFY
+AuCacheFuncs(hnotify, HNOTIFY);
+#endif
+
+#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
+#endif /* __AUFS_MODULE_H__ */
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/opts.c b/ubuntu/aufs/opts.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..35c18ef307e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/opts.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1677 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * mount options/flags
+ */
+
+#include <linux/namei.h>
+#include <linux/types.h> /* a distribution requires */
+#include <linux/parser.h>
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+enum {
+	Opt_br,
+	Opt_add, Opt_del, Opt_mod, Opt_reorder, Opt_append, Opt_prepend,
+	Opt_idel, Opt_imod, Opt_ireorder,
+	Opt_dirwh, Opt_rdcache, Opt_rdblk, Opt_rdhash, Opt_rendir,
+	Opt_rdblk_def, Opt_rdhash_def,
+	Opt_xino, Opt_zxino, Opt_noxino,
+	Opt_trunc_xino, Opt_trunc_xino_v, Opt_notrunc_xino,
+	Opt_trunc_xino_path, Opt_itrunc_xino,
+	Opt_trunc_xib, Opt_notrunc_xib,
+	Opt_shwh, Opt_noshwh,
+	Opt_plink, Opt_noplink, Opt_list_plink,
+	Opt_udba,
+	Opt_dio, Opt_nodio,
+	/* Opt_lock, Opt_unlock, */
+	Opt_cmd, Opt_cmd_args,
+	Opt_diropq_a, Opt_diropq_w,
+	Opt_warn_perm, Opt_nowarn_perm,
+	Opt_wbr_copyup, Opt_wbr_create,
+	Opt_refrof, Opt_norefrof,
+	Opt_verbose, Opt_noverbose,
+	Opt_sum, Opt_nosum, Opt_wsum,
+	Opt_tail, Opt_ignore, Opt_ignore_silent, Opt_err
+};
+
+static match_table_t options = {
+	{Opt_br, "br=%s"},
+	{Opt_br, "br:%s"},
+
+	{Opt_add, "add=%d:%s"},
+	{Opt_add, "add:%d:%s"},
+	{Opt_add, "ins=%d:%s"},
+	{Opt_add, "ins:%d:%s"},
+	{Opt_append, "append=%s"},
+	{Opt_append, "append:%s"},
+	{Opt_prepend, "prepend=%s"},
+	{Opt_prepend, "prepend:%s"},
+
+	{Opt_del, "del=%s"},
+	{Opt_del, "del:%s"},
+	/* {Opt_idel, "idel:%d"}, */
+	{Opt_mod, "mod=%s"},
+	{Opt_mod, "mod:%s"},
+	/* {Opt_imod, "imod:%d:%s"}, */
+
+	{Opt_dirwh, "dirwh=%d"},
+
+	{Opt_xino, "xino=%s"},
+	{Opt_noxino, "noxino"},
+	{Opt_trunc_xino, "trunc_xino"},
+	{Opt_trunc_xino_v, "trunc_xino_v=%d:%d"},
+	{Opt_notrunc_xino, "notrunc_xino"},
+	{Opt_trunc_xino_path, "trunc_xino=%s"},
+	{Opt_itrunc_xino, "itrunc_xino=%d"},
+	/* {Opt_zxino, "zxino=%s"}, */
+	{Opt_trunc_xib, "trunc_xib"},
+	{Opt_notrunc_xib, "notrunc_xib"},
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
+	{Opt_plink, "plink"},
+#else
+	{Opt_ignore_silent, "plink"},
+#endif
+
+	{Opt_noplink, "noplink"},
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_DEBUG
+	{Opt_list_plink, "list_plink"},
+#endif
+
+	{Opt_udba, "udba=%s"},
+
+	{Opt_dio, "dio"},
+	{Opt_nodio, "nodio"},
+
+	{Opt_diropq_a, "diropq=always"},
+	{Opt_diropq_a, "diropq=a"},
+	{Opt_diropq_w, "diropq=whiteouted"},
+	{Opt_diropq_w, "diropq=w"},
+
+	{Opt_warn_perm, "warn_perm"},
+	{Opt_nowarn_perm, "nowarn_perm"},
+
+	/* keep them temporary */
+	{Opt_ignore_silent, "coo=%s"},
+	{Opt_ignore_silent, "nodlgt"},
+	{Opt_ignore_silent, "nodirperm1"},
+	{Opt_ignore_silent, "clean_plink"},
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_SHWH
+	{Opt_shwh, "shwh"},
+#endif
+	{Opt_noshwh, "noshwh"},
+
+	{Opt_rendir, "rendir=%d"},
+
+	{Opt_refrof, "refrof"},
+	{Opt_norefrof, "norefrof"},
+
+	{Opt_verbose, "verbose"},
+	{Opt_verbose, "v"},
+	{Opt_noverbose, "noverbose"},
+	{Opt_noverbose, "quiet"},
+	{Opt_noverbose, "q"},
+	{Opt_noverbose, "silent"},
+
+	{Opt_sum, "sum"},
+	{Opt_nosum, "nosum"},
+	{Opt_wsum, "wsum"},
+
+	{Opt_rdcache, "rdcache=%d"},
+	{Opt_rdblk, "rdblk=%d"},
+	{Opt_rdblk_def, "rdblk=def"},
+	{Opt_rdhash, "rdhash=%d"},
+	{Opt_rdhash_def, "rdhash=def"},
+
+	{Opt_wbr_create, "create=%s"},
+	{Opt_wbr_create, "create_policy=%s"},
+	{Opt_wbr_copyup, "cpup=%s"},
+	{Opt_wbr_copyup, "copyup=%s"},
+	{Opt_wbr_copyup, "copyup_policy=%s"},
+
+	/* internal use for the scripts */
+	{Opt_ignore_silent, "si=%s"},
+
+	{Opt_br, "dirs=%s"},
+	{Opt_ignore, "debug=%d"},
+	{Opt_ignore, "delete=whiteout"},
+	{Opt_ignore, "delete=all"},
+	{Opt_ignore, "imap=%s"},
+
+	/* temporary workaround, due to old mount(8)? */
+	{Opt_ignore_silent, "relatime"},
+
+	{Opt_err, NULL}
+};
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static const char *au_parser_pattern(int val, struct match_token *token)
+{
+	while (token->pattern) {
+		if (token->token == val)
+			return token->pattern;
+		token++;
+	}
+	BUG();
+	return "??";
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static match_table_t brperm = {
+	{AuBrPerm_RO, AUFS_BRPERM_RO},
+	{AuBrPerm_RR, AUFS_BRPERM_RR},
+	{AuBrPerm_RW, AUFS_BRPERM_RW},
+	{0, NULL}
+};
+
+static match_table_t brrattr = {
+	{AuBrRAttr_WH, AUFS_BRRATTR_WH},
+	{0, NULL}
+};
+
+static match_table_t brwattr = {
+	{AuBrWAttr_NoLinkWH, AUFS_BRWATTR_NLWH},
+	{0, NULL}
+};
+
+#define AuBrStr_LONGEST	AUFS_BRPERM_RW "+" AUFS_BRWATTR_NLWH
+
+static int br_attr_val(char *str, match_table_t table, substring_t args[])
+{
+	int attr, v;
+	char *p;
+
+	attr = 0;
+	do {
+		p = strchr(str, '+');
+		if (p)
+			*p = 0;
+		v = match_token(str, table, args);
+		if (v)
+			attr |= v;
+		else {
+			if (p)
+				*p = '+';
+			pr_warning("ignored branch attribute %s\n", str);
+			break;
+		}
+		if (p)
+			str = p + 1;
+	} while (p);
+
+	return attr;
+}
+
+static int noinline_for_stack br_perm_val(char *perm)
+{
+	int val;
+	char *p;
+	substring_t args[MAX_OPT_ARGS];
+
+	p = strchr(perm, '+');
+	if (p)
+		*p = 0;
+	val = match_token(perm, brperm, args);
+	if (!val) {
+		if (p)
+			*p = '+';
+		pr_warning("ignored branch permission %s\n", perm);
+		val = AuBrPerm_RO;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	if (!p)
+		goto out;
+
+	switch (val) {
+	case AuBrPerm_RO:
+	case AuBrPerm_RR:
+		val |= br_attr_val(p + 1, brrattr, args);
+		break;
+	case AuBrPerm_RW:
+		val |= br_attr_val(p + 1, brwattr, args);
+		break;
+	}
+
+out:
+	return val;
+}
+
+/* Caller should free the return value */
+char *au_optstr_br_perm(int brperm)
+{
+	char *p, a[sizeof(AuBrStr_LONGEST)];
+	int sz;
+
+#define SetPerm(str) do {			\
+		sz = sizeof(str);		\
+		memcpy(a, str, sz);		\
+		p = a + sz - 1;			\
+	} while (0)
+
+#define AppendAttr(flag, str) do {			\
+		if (brperm & flag) {		\
+			sz = sizeof(str);	\
+			*p++ = '+';		\
+			memcpy(p, str, sz);	\
+			p += sz - 1;		\
+		}				\
+	} while (0)
+
+	switch (brperm & AuBrPerm_Mask) {
+	case AuBrPerm_RO:
+		SetPerm(AUFS_BRPERM_RO);
+		break;
+	case AuBrPerm_RR:
+		SetPerm(AUFS_BRPERM_RR);
+		break;
+	case AuBrPerm_RW:
+		SetPerm(AUFS_BRPERM_RW);
+		break;
+	default:
+		AuDebugOn(1);
+	}
+
+	AppendAttr(AuBrRAttr_WH, AUFS_BRRATTR_WH);
+	AppendAttr(AuBrWAttr_NoLinkWH, AUFS_BRWATTR_NLWH);
+
+	AuDebugOn(strlen(a) >= sizeof(a));
+	return kstrdup(a, GFP_NOFS);
+#undef SetPerm
+#undef AppendAttr
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static match_table_t udbalevel = {
+	{AuOpt_UDBA_REVAL, "reval"},
+	{AuOpt_UDBA_NONE, "none"},
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_HNOTIFY
+	{AuOpt_UDBA_HNOTIFY, "notify"}, /* abstraction */
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_HFSNOTIFY
+	{AuOpt_UDBA_HNOTIFY, "fsnotify"},
+#endif
+#endif
+	{-1, NULL}
+};
+
+static int noinline_for_stack udba_val(char *str)
+{
+	substring_t args[MAX_OPT_ARGS];
+
+	return match_token(str, udbalevel, args);
+}
+
+const char *au_optstr_udba(int udba)
+{
+	return au_parser_pattern(udba, (void *)udbalevel);
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static match_table_t au_wbr_create_policy = {
+	{AuWbrCreate_TDP, "tdp"},
+	{AuWbrCreate_TDP, "top-down-parent"},
+	{AuWbrCreate_RR, "rr"},
+	{AuWbrCreate_RR, "round-robin"},
+	{AuWbrCreate_MFS, "mfs"},
+	{AuWbrCreate_MFS, "most-free-space"},
+	{AuWbrCreate_MFSV, "mfs:%d"},
+	{AuWbrCreate_MFSV, "most-free-space:%d"},
+
+	{AuWbrCreate_MFSRR, "mfsrr:%d"},
+	{AuWbrCreate_MFSRRV, "mfsrr:%d:%d"},
+	{AuWbrCreate_PMFS, "pmfs"},
+	{AuWbrCreate_PMFSV, "pmfs:%d"},
+
+	{-1, NULL}
+};
+
+/*
+ * cf. linux/lib/parser.c and cmdline.c
+ * gave up calling memparse() since it uses simple_strtoull() instead of
+ * kstrto...().
+ */
+static int noinline_for_stack
+au_match_ull(substring_t *s, unsigned long long *result)
+{
+	int err;
+	unsigned int len;
+	char a[32];
+
+	err = -ERANGE;
+	len = s->to - s->from;
+	if (len + 1 <= sizeof(a)) {
+		memcpy(a, s->from, len);
+		a[len] = '\0';
+		err = kstrtoull(a, 0, result);
+	}
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int au_wbr_mfs_wmark(substring_t *arg, char *str,
+			    struct au_opt_wbr_create *create)
+{
+	int err;
+	unsigned long long ull;
+
+	err = 0;
+	if (!au_match_ull(arg, &ull))
+		create->mfsrr_watermark = ull;
+	else {
+		pr_err("bad integer in %s\n", str);
+		err = -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int au_wbr_mfs_sec(substring_t *arg, char *str,
+			  struct au_opt_wbr_create *create)
+{
+	int n, err;
+
+	err = 0;
+	if (!match_int(arg, &n) && 0 <= n && n <= AUFS_MFS_MAX_SEC)
+		create->mfs_second = n;
+	else {
+		pr_err("bad integer in %s\n", str);
+		err = -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int noinline_for_stack
+au_wbr_create_val(char *str, struct au_opt_wbr_create *create)
+{
+	int err, e;
+	substring_t args[MAX_OPT_ARGS];
+
+	err = match_token(str, au_wbr_create_policy, args);
+	create->wbr_create = err;
+	switch (err) {
+	case AuWbrCreate_MFSRRV:
+		e = au_wbr_mfs_wmark(&args[0], str, create);
+		if (!e)
+			e = au_wbr_mfs_sec(&args[1], str, create);
+		if (unlikely(e))
+			err = e;
+		break;
+	case AuWbrCreate_MFSRR:
+		e = au_wbr_mfs_wmark(&args[0], str, create);
+		if (unlikely(e)) {
+			err = e;
+			break;
+		}
+		/*FALLTHROUGH*/
+	case AuWbrCreate_MFS:
+	case AuWbrCreate_PMFS:
+		create->mfs_second = AUFS_MFS_DEF_SEC;
+		break;
+	case AuWbrCreate_MFSV:
+	case AuWbrCreate_PMFSV:
+		e = au_wbr_mfs_sec(&args[0], str, create);
+		if (unlikely(e))
+			err = e;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+const char *au_optstr_wbr_create(int wbr_create)
+{
+	return au_parser_pattern(wbr_create, (void *)au_wbr_create_policy);
+}
+
+static match_table_t au_wbr_copyup_policy = {
+	{AuWbrCopyup_TDP, "tdp"},
+	{AuWbrCopyup_TDP, "top-down-parent"},
+	{AuWbrCopyup_BUP, "bup"},
+	{AuWbrCopyup_BUP, "bottom-up-parent"},
+	{AuWbrCopyup_BU, "bu"},
+	{AuWbrCopyup_BU, "bottom-up"},
+	{-1, NULL}
+};
+
+static int noinline_for_stack au_wbr_copyup_val(char *str)
+{
+	substring_t args[MAX_OPT_ARGS];
+
+	return match_token(str, au_wbr_copyup_policy, args);
+}
+
+const char *au_optstr_wbr_copyup(int wbr_copyup)
+{
+	return au_parser_pattern(wbr_copyup, (void *)au_wbr_copyup_policy);
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static const int lkup_dirflags = LOOKUP_FOLLOW | LOOKUP_DIRECTORY;
+
+static void dump_opts(struct au_opts *opts)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_DEBUG
+	/* reduce stack space */
+	union {
+		struct au_opt_add *add;
+		struct au_opt_del *del;
+		struct au_opt_mod *mod;
+		struct au_opt_xino *xino;
+		struct au_opt_xino_itrunc *xino_itrunc;
+		struct au_opt_wbr_create *create;
+	} u;
+	struct au_opt *opt;
+
+	opt = opts->opt;
+	while (opt->type != Opt_tail) {
+		switch (opt->type) {
+		case Opt_add:
+			u.add = &opt->add;
+			AuDbg("add {b%d, %s, 0x%x, %p}\n",
+				  u.add->bindex, u.add->pathname, u.add->perm,
+				  u.add->path.dentry);
+			break;
+		case Opt_del:
+		case Opt_idel:
+			u.del = &opt->del;
+			AuDbg("del {%s, %p}\n",
+			      u.del->pathname, u.del->h_path.dentry);
+			break;
+		case Opt_mod:
+		case Opt_imod:
+			u.mod = &opt->mod;
+			AuDbg("mod {%s, 0x%x, %p}\n",
+				  u.mod->path, u.mod->perm, u.mod->h_root);
+			break;
+		case Opt_append:
+			u.add = &opt->add;
+			AuDbg("append {b%d, %s, 0x%x, %p}\n",
+				  u.add->bindex, u.add->pathname, u.add->perm,
+				  u.add->path.dentry);
+			break;
+		case Opt_prepend:
+			u.add = &opt->add;
+			AuDbg("prepend {b%d, %s, 0x%x, %p}\n",
+				  u.add->bindex, u.add->pathname, u.add->perm,
+				  u.add->path.dentry);
+			break;
+		case Opt_dirwh:
+			AuDbg("dirwh %d\n", opt->dirwh);
+			break;
+		case Opt_rdcache:
+			AuDbg("rdcache %d\n", opt->rdcache);
+			break;
+		case Opt_rdblk:
+			AuDbg("rdblk %u\n", opt->rdblk);
+			break;
+		case Opt_rdblk_def:
+			AuDbg("rdblk_def\n");
+			break;
+		case Opt_rdhash:
+			AuDbg("rdhash %u\n", opt->rdhash);
+			break;
+		case Opt_rdhash_def:
+			AuDbg("rdhash_def\n");
+			break;
+		case Opt_xino:
+			u.xino = &opt->xino;
+			AuDbg("xino {%s %.*s}\n",
+				  u.xino->path,
+				  AuDLNPair(u.xino->file->f_dentry));
+			break;
+		case Opt_trunc_xino:
+			AuLabel(trunc_xino);
+			break;
+		case Opt_notrunc_xino:
+			AuLabel(notrunc_xino);
+			break;
+		case Opt_trunc_xino_path:
+		case Opt_itrunc_xino:
+			u.xino_itrunc = &opt->xino_itrunc;
+			AuDbg("trunc_xino %d\n", u.xino_itrunc->bindex);
+			break;
+
+		case Opt_noxino:
+			AuLabel(noxino);
+			break;
+		case Opt_trunc_xib:
+			AuLabel(trunc_xib);
+			break;
+		case Opt_notrunc_xib:
+			AuLabel(notrunc_xib);
+			break;
+		case Opt_shwh:
+			AuLabel(shwh);
+			break;
+		case Opt_noshwh:
+			AuLabel(noshwh);
+			break;
+		case Opt_plink:
+			AuLabel(plink);
+			break;
+		case Opt_noplink:
+			AuLabel(noplink);
+			break;
+		case Opt_list_plink:
+			AuLabel(list_plink);
+			break;
+		case Opt_udba:
+			AuDbg("udba %d, %s\n",
+				  opt->udba, au_optstr_udba(opt->udba));
+			break;
+		case Opt_dio:
+			AuLabel(dio);
+			break;
+		case Opt_nodio:
+			AuLabel(nodio);
+			break;
+		case Opt_diropq_a:
+			AuLabel(diropq_a);
+			break;
+		case Opt_diropq_w:
+			AuLabel(diropq_w);
+			break;
+		case Opt_warn_perm:
+			AuLabel(warn_perm);
+			break;
+		case Opt_nowarn_perm:
+			AuLabel(nowarn_perm);
+			break;
+		case Opt_refrof:
+			AuLabel(refrof);
+			break;
+		case Opt_norefrof:
+			AuLabel(norefrof);
+			break;
+		case Opt_verbose:
+			AuLabel(verbose);
+			break;
+		case Opt_noverbose:
+			AuLabel(noverbose);
+			break;
+		case Opt_sum:
+			AuLabel(sum);
+			break;
+		case Opt_nosum:
+			AuLabel(nosum);
+			break;
+		case Opt_wsum:
+			AuLabel(wsum);
+			break;
+		case Opt_wbr_create:
+			u.create = &opt->wbr_create;
+			AuDbg("create %d, %s\n", u.create->wbr_create,
+				  au_optstr_wbr_create(u.create->wbr_create));
+			switch (u.create->wbr_create) {
+			case AuWbrCreate_MFSV:
+			case AuWbrCreate_PMFSV:
+				AuDbg("%d sec\n", u.create->mfs_second);
+				break;
+			case AuWbrCreate_MFSRR:
+				AuDbg("%llu watermark\n",
+					  u.create->mfsrr_watermark);
+				break;
+			case AuWbrCreate_MFSRRV:
+				AuDbg("%llu watermark, %d sec\n",
+					  u.create->mfsrr_watermark,
+					  u.create->mfs_second);
+				break;
+			}
+			break;
+		case Opt_wbr_copyup:
+			AuDbg("copyup %d, %s\n", opt->wbr_copyup,
+				  au_optstr_wbr_copyup(opt->wbr_copyup));
+			break;
+		default:
+			BUG();
+		}
+		opt++;
+	}
+#endif
+}
+
+void au_opts_free(struct au_opts *opts)
+{
+	struct au_opt *opt;
+
+	opt = opts->opt;
+	while (opt->type != Opt_tail) {
+		switch (opt->type) {
+		case Opt_add:
+		case Opt_append:
+		case Opt_prepend:
+			path_put(&opt->add.path);
+			break;
+		case Opt_del:
+		case Opt_idel:
+			path_put(&opt->del.h_path);
+			break;
+		case Opt_mod:
+		case Opt_imod:
+			dput(opt->mod.h_root);
+			break;
+		case Opt_xino:
+			fput(opt->xino.file);
+			break;
+		}
+		opt++;
+	}
+}
+
+static int opt_add(struct au_opt *opt, char *opt_str, unsigned long sb_flags,
+		   aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct au_opt_add *add = &opt->add;
+	char *p;
+
+	add->bindex = bindex;
+	add->perm = AuBrPerm_RO;
+	add->pathname = opt_str;
+	p = strchr(opt_str, '=');
+	if (p) {
+		*p++ = 0;
+		if (*p)
+			add->perm = br_perm_val(p);
+	}
+
+	err = vfsub_kern_path(add->pathname, lkup_dirflags, &add->path);
+	if (!err) {
+		if (!p) {
+			add->perm = AuBrPerm_RO;
+			if (au_test_fs_rr(add->path.dentry->d_sb))
+				add->perm = AuBrPerm_RR;
+			else if (!bindex && !(sb_flags & MS_RDONLY))
+				add->perm = AuBrPerm_RW;
+		}
+		opt->type = Opt_add;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	pr_err("lookup failed %s (%d)\n", add->pathname, err);
+	err = -EINVAL;
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int au_opts_parse_del(struct au_opt_del *del, substring_t args[])
+{
+	int err;
+
+	del->pathname = args[0].from;
+	AuDbg("del path %s\n", del->pathname);
+
+	err = vfsub_kern_path(del->pathname, lkup_dirflags, &del->h_path);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		pr_err("lookup failed %s (%d)\n", del->pathname, err);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+#if 0 /* reserved for future use */
+static int au_opts_parse_idel(struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+			      struct au_opt_del *del, substring_t args[])
+{
+	int err;
+	struct dentry *root;
+
+	err = -EINVAL;
+	root = sb->s_root;
+	aufs_read_lock(root, AuLock_FLUSH);
+	if (bindex < 0 || au_sbend(sb) < bindex) {
+		pr_err("out of bounds, %d\n", bindex);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	err = 0;
+	del->h_path.dentry = dget(au_h_dptr(root, bindex));
+	del->h_path.mnt = mntget(au_sbr_mnt(sb, bindex));
+
+out:
+	aufs_read_unlock(root, !AuLock_IR);
+	return err;
+}
+#endif
+
+static int noinline_for_stack
+au_opts_parse_mod(struct au_opt_mod *mod, substring_t args[])
+{
+	int err;
+	struct path path;
+	char *p;
+
+	err = -EINVAL;
+	mod->path = args[0].from;
+	p = strchr(mod->path, '=');
+	if (unlikely(!p)) {
+		pr_err("no permssion %s\n", args[0].from);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	*p++ = 0;
+	err = vfsub_kern_path(mod->path, lkup_dirflags, &path);
+	if (unlikely(err)) {
+		pr_err("lookup failed %s (%d)\n", mod->path, err);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	mod->perm = br_perm_val(p);
+	AuDbg("mod path %s, perm 0x%x, %s\n", mod->path, mod->perm, p);
+	mod->h_root = dget(path.dentry);
+	path_put(&path);
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+#if 0 /* reserved for future use */
+static int au_opts_parse_imod(struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+			      struct au_opt_mod *mod, substring_t args[])
+{
+	int err;
+	struct dentry *root;
+
+	err = -EINVAL;
+	root = sb->s_root;
+	aufs_read_lock(root, AuLock_FLUSH);
+	if (bindex < 0 || au_sbend(sb) < bindex) {
+		pr_err("out of bounds, %d\n", bindex);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	err = 0;
+	mod->perm = br_perm_val(args[1].from);
+	AuDbg("mod path %s, perm 0x%x, %s\n",
+	      mod->path, mod->perm, args[1].from);
+	mod->h_root = dget(au_h_dptr(root, bindex));
+
+out:
+	aufs_read_unlock(root, !AuLock_IR);
+	return err;
+}
+#endif
+
+static int au_opts_parse_xino(struct super_block *sb, struct au_opt_xino *xino,
+			      substring_t args[])
+{
+	int err;
+	struct file *file;
+
+	file = au_xino_create(sb, args[0].from, /*silent*/0);
+	err = PTR_ERR(file);
+	if (IS_ERR(file))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = -EINVAL;
+	if (unlikely(file->f_dentry->d_sb == sb)) {
+		fput(file);
+		pr_err("%s must be outside\n", args[0].from);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	err = 0;
+	xino->file = file;
+	xino->path = args[0].from;
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int noinline_for_stack
+au_opts_parse_xino_itrunc_path(struct super_block *sb,
+			       struct au_opt_xino_itrunc *xino_itrunc,
+			       substring_t args[])
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bend, bindex;
+	struct path path;
+	struct dentry *root;
+
+	err = vfsub_kern_path(args[0].from, lkup_dirflags, &path);
+	if (unlikely(err)) {
+		pr_err("lookup failed %s (%d)\n", args[0].from, err);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	xino_itrunc->bindex = -1;
+	root = sb->s_root;
+	aufs_read_lock(root, AuLock_FLUSH);
+	bend = au_sbend(sb);
+	for (bindex = 0; bindex <= bend; bindex++) {
+		if (au_h_dptr(root, bindex) == path.dentry) {
+			xino_itrunc->bindex = bindex;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	aufs_read_unlock(root, !AuLock_IR);
+	path_put(&path);
+
+	if (unlikely(xino_itrunc->bindex < 0)) {
+		pr_err("no such branch %s\n", args[0].from);
+		err = -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* called without aufs lock */
+int au_opts_parse(struct super_block *sb, char *str, struct au_opts *opts)
+{
+	int err, n, token;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex;
+	unsigned char skipped;
+	struct dentry *root;
+	struct au_opt *opt, *opt_tail;
+	char *opt_str;
+	/* reduce the stack space */
+	union {
+		struct au_opt_xino_itrunc *xino_itrunc;
+		struct au_opt_wbr_create *create;
+	} u;
+	struct {
+		substring_t args[MAX_OPT_ARGS];
+	} *a;
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	a = kmalloc(sizeof(*a), GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(!a))
+		goto out;
+
+	root = sb->s_root;
+	err = 0;
+	bindex = 0;
+	opt = opts->opt;
+	opt_tail = opt + opts->max_opt - 1;
+	opt->type = Opt_tail;
+	while (!err && (opt_str = strsep(&str, ",")) && *opt_str) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		skipped = 0;
+		token = match_token(opt_str, options, a->args);
+		switch (token) {
+		case Opt_br:
+			err = 0;
+			while (!err && (opt_str = strsep(&a->args[0].from, ":"))
+			       && *opt_str) {
+				err = opt_add(opt, opt_str, opts->sb_flags,
+					      bindex++);
+				if (unlikely(!err && ++opt > opt_tail)) {
+					err = -E2BIG;
+					break;
+				}
+				opt->type = Opt_tail;
+				skipped = 1;
+			}
+			break;
+		case Opt_add:
+			if (unlikely(match_int(&a->args[0], &n))) {
+				pr_err("bad integer in %s\n", opt_str);
+				break;
+			}
+			bindex = n;
+			err = opt_add(opt, a->args[1].from, opts->sb_flags,
+				      bindex);
+			if (!err)
+				opt->type = token;
+			break;
+		case Opt_append:
+			err = opt_add(opt, a->args[0].from, opts->sb_flags,
+				      /*dummy bindex*/1);
+			if (!err)
+				opt->type = token;
+			break;
+		case Opt_prepend:
+			err = opt_add(opt, a->args[0].from, opts->sb_flags,
+				      /*bindex*/0);
+			if (!err)
+				opt->type = token;
+			break;
+		case Opt_del:
+			err = au_opts_parse_del(&opt->del, a->args);
+			if (!err)
+				opt->type = token;
+			break;
+#if 0 /* reserved for future use */
+		case Opt_idel:
+			del->pathname = "(indexed)";
+			if (unlikely(match_int(&args[0], &n))) {
+				pr_err("bad integer in %s\n", opt_str);
+				break;
+			}
+			err = au_opts_parse_idel(sb, n, &opt->del, a->args);
+			if (!err)
+				opt->type = token;
+			break;
+#endif
+		case Opt_mod:
+			err = au_opts_parse_mod(&opt->mod, a->args);
+			if (!err)
+				opt->type = token;
+			break;
+#ifdef IMOD /* reserved for future use */
+		case Opt_imod:
+			u.mod->path = "(indexed)";
+			if (unlikely(match_int(&a->args[0], &n))) {
+				pr_err("bad integer in %s\n", opt_str);
+				break;
+			}
+			err = au_opts_parse_imod(sb, n, &opt->mod, a->args);
+			if (!err)
+				opt->type = token;
+			break;
+#endif
+		case Opt_xino:
+			err = au_opts_parse_xino(sb, &opt->xino, a->args);
+			if (!err)
+				opt->type = token;
+			break;
+
+		case Opt_trunc_xino_path:
+			err = au_opts_parse_xino_itrunc_path
+				(sb, &opt->xino_itrunc, a->args);
+			if (!err)
+				opt->type = token;
+			break;
+
+		case Opt_itrunc_xino:
+			u.xino_itrunc = &opt->xino_itrunc;
+			if (unlikely(match_int(&a->args[0], &n))) {
+				pr_err("bad integer in %s\n", opt_str);
+				break;
+			}
+			u.xino_itrunc->bindex = n;
+			aufs_read_lock(root, AuLock_FLUSH);
+			if (n < 0 || au_sbend(sb) < n) {
+				pr_err("out of bounds, %d\n", n);
+				aufs_read_unlock(root, !AuLock_IR);
+				break;
+			}
+			aufs_read_unlock(root, !AuLock_IR);
+			err = 0;
+			opt->type = token;
+			break;
+
+		case Opt_dirwh:
+			if (unlikely(match_int(&a->args[0], &opt->dirwh)))
+				break;
+			err = 0;
+			opt->type = token;
+			break;
+
+		case Opt_rdcache:
+			if (unlikely(match_int(&a->args[0], &n))) {
+				pr_err("bad integer in %s\n", opt_str);
+				break;
+			}
+			if (unlikely(n > AUFS_RDCACHE_MAX)) {
+				pr_err("rdcache must be smaller than %d\n",
+				       AUFS_RDCACHE_MAX);
+				break;
+			}
+			opt->rdcache = n;
+			err = 0;
+			opt->type = token;
+			break;
+		case Opt_rdblk:
+			if (unlikely(match_int(&a->args[0], &n)
+				     || n < 0
+				     || n > KMALLOC_MAX_SIZE)) {
+				pr_err("bad integer in %s\n", opt_str);
+				break;
+			}
+			if (unlikely(n && n < NAME_MAX)) {
+				pr_err("rdblk must be larger than %d\n",
+				       NAME_MAX);
+				break;
+			}
+			opt->rdblk = n;
+			err = 0;
+			opt->type = token;
+			break;
+		case Opt_rdhash:
+			if (unlikely(match_int(&a->args[0], &n)
+				     || n < 0
+				     || n * sizeof(struct hlist_head)
+				     > KMALLOC_MAX_SIZE)) {
+				pr_err("bad integer in %s\n", opt_str);
+				break;
+			}
+			opt->rdhash = n;
+			err = 0;
+			opt->type = token;
+			break;
+
+		case Opt_trunc_xino:
+		case Opt_notrunc_xino:
+		case Opt_noxino:
+		case Opt_trunc_xib:
+		case Opt_notrunc_xib:
+		case Opt_shwh:
+		case Opt_noshwh:
+		case Opt_plink:
+		case Opt_noplink:
+		case Opt_list_plink:
+		case Opt_dio:
+		case Opt_nodio:
+		case Opt_diropq_a:
+		case Opt_diropq_w:
+		case Opt_warn_perm:
+		case Opt_nowarn_perm:
+		case Opt_refrof:
+		case Opt_norefrof:
+		case Opt_verbose:
+		case Opt_noverbose:
+		case Opt_sum:
+		case Opt_nosum:
+		case Opt_wsum:
+		case Opt_rdblk_def:
+		case Opt_rdhash_def:
+			err = 0;
+			opt->type = token;
+			break;
+
+		case Opt_udba:
+			opt->udba = udba_val(a->args[0].from);
+			if (opt->udba >= 0) {
+				err = 0;
+				opt->type = token;
+			} else
+				pr_err("wrong value, %s\n", opt_str);
+			break;
+
+		case Opt_wbr_create:
+			u.create = &opt->wbr_create;
+			u.create->wbr_create
+				= au_wbr_create_val(a->args[0].from, u.create);
+			if (u.create->wbr_create >= 0) {
+				err = 0;
+				opt->type = token;
+			} else
+				pr_err("wrong value, %s\n", opt_str);
+			break;
+		case Opt_wbr_copyup:
+			opt->wbr_copyup = au_wbr_copyup_val(a->args[0].from);
+			if (opt->wbr_copyup >= 0) {
+				err = 0;
+				opt->type = token;
+			} else
+				pr_err("wrong value, %s\n", opt_str);
+			break;
+
+		case Opt_ignore:
+			pr_warning("ignored %s\n", opt_str);
+			/*FALLTHROUGH*/
+		case Opt_ignore_silent:
+			skipped = 1;
+			err = 0;
+			break;
+		case Opt_err:
+			pr_err("unknown option %s\n", opt_str);
+			break;
+		}
+
+		if (!err && !skipped) {
+			if (unlikely(++opt > opt_tail)) {
+				err = -E2BIG;
+				opt--;
+				opt->type = Opt_tail;
+				break;
+			}
+			opt->type = Opt_tail;
+		}
+	}
+
+	kfree(a);
+	dump_opts(opts);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		au_opts_free(opts);
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int au_opt_wbr_create(struct super_block *sb,
+			     struct au_opt_wbr_create *create)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+
+	SiMustWriteLock(sb);
+
+	err = 1; /* handled */
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	if (sbinfo->si_wbr_create_ops->fin) {
+		err = sbinfo->si_wbr_create_ops->fin(sb);
+		if (!err)
+			err = 1;
+	}
+
+	sbinfo->si_wbr_create = create->wbr_create;
+	sbinfo->si_wbr_create_ops = au_wbr_create_ops + create->wbr_create;
+	switch (create->wbr_create) {
+	case AuWbrCreate_MFSRRV:
+	case AuWbrCreate_MFSRR:
+		sbinfo->si_wbr_mfs.mfsrr_watermark = create->mfsrr_watermark;
+		/*FALLTHROUGH*/
+	case AuWbrCreate_MFS:
+	case AuWbrCreate_MFSV:
+	case AuWbrCreate_PMFS:
+	case AuWbrCreate_PMFSV:
+		sbinfo->si_wbr_mfs.mfs_expire
+			= msecs_to_jiffies(create->mfs_second * MSEC_PER_SEC);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	if (sbinfo->si_wbr_create_ops->init)
+		sbinfo->si_wbr_create_ops->init(sb); /* ignore */
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * returns,
+ * plus: processed without an error
+ * zero: unprocessed
+ */
+static int au_opt_simple(struct super_block *sb, struct au_opt *opt,
+			 struct au_opts *opts)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+
+	SiMustWriteLock(sb);
+
+	err = 1; /* handled */
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	switch (opt->type) {
+	case Opt_udba:
+		sbinfo->si_mntflags &= ~AuOptMask_UDBA;
+		sbinfo->si_mntflags |= opt->udba;
+		opts->given_udba |= opt->udba;
+		break;
+
+	case Opt_plink:
+		au_opt_set(sbinfo->si_mntflags, PLINK);
+		break;
+	case Opt_noplink:
+		if (au_opt_test(sbinfo->si_mntflags, PLINK))
+			au_plink_put(sb, /*verbose*/1);
+		au_opt_clr(sbinfo->si_mntflags, PLINK);
+		break;
+	case Opt_list_plink:
+		if (au_opt_test(sbinfo->si_mntflags, PLINK))
+			au_plink_list(sb);
+		break;
+
+	case Opt_dio:
+		au_opt_set(sbinfo->si_mntflags, DIO);
+		au_fset_opts(opts->flags, REFRESH_DYAOP);
+		break;
+	case Opt_nodio:
+		au_opt_clr(sbinfo->si_mntflags, DIO);
+		au_fset_opts(opts->flags, REFRESH_DYAOP);
+		break;
+
+	case Opt_diropq_a:
+		au_opt_set(sbinfo->si_mntflags, ALWAYS_DIROPQ);
+		break;
+	case Opt_diropq_w:
+		au_opt_clr(sbinfo->si_mntflags, ALWAYS_DIROPQ);
+		break;
+
+	case Opt_warn_perm:
+		au_opt_set(sbinfo->si_mntflags, WARN_PERM);
+		break;
+	case Opt_nowarn_perm:
+		au_opt_clr(sbinfo->si_mntflags, WARN_PERM);
+		break;
+
+	case Opt_refrof:
+		au_opt_set(sbinfo->si_mntflags, REFROF);
+		break;
+	case Opt_norefrof:
+		au_opt_clr(sbinfo->si_mntflags, REFROF);
+		break;
+
+	case Opt_verbose:
+		au_opt_set(sbinfo->si_mntflags, VERBOSE);
+		break;
+	case Opt_noverbose:
+		au_opt_clr(sbinfo->si_mntflags, VERBOSE);
+		break;
+
+	case Opt_sum:
+		au_opt_set(sbinfo->si_mntflags, SUM);
+		break;
+	case Opt_wsum:
+		au_opt_clr(sbinfo->si_mntflags, SUM);
+		au_opt_set(sbinfo->si_mntflags, SUM_W);
+	case Opt_nosum:
+		au_opt_clr(sbinfo->si_mntflags, SUM);
+		au_opt_clr(sbinfo->si_mntflags, SUM_W);
+		break;
+
+	case Opt_wbr_create:
+		err = au_opt_wbr_create(sb, &opt->wbr_create);
+		break;
+	case Opt_wbr_copyup:
+		sbinfo->si_wbr_copyup = opt->wbr_copyup;
+		sbinfo->si_wbr_copyup_ops = au_wbr_copyup_ops + opt->wbr_copyup;
+		break;
+
+	case Opt_dirwh:
+		sbinfo->si_dirwh = opt->dirwh;
+		break;
+
+	case Opt_rdcache:
+		sbinfo->si_rdcache
+			= msecs_to_jiffies(opt->rdcache * MSEC_PER_SEC);
+		break;
+	case Opt_rdblk:
+		sbinfo->si_rdblk = opt->rdblk;
+		break;
+	case Opt_rdblk_def:
+		sbinfo->si_rdblk = AUFS_RDBLK_DEF;
+		break;
+	case Opt_rdhash:
+		sbinfo->si_rdhash = opt->rdhash;
+		break;
+	case Opt_rdhash_def:
+		sbinfo->si_rdhash = AUFS_RDHASH_DEF;
+		break;
+
+	case Opt_shwh:
+		au_opt_set(sbinfo->si_mntflags, SHWH);
+		break;
+	case Opt_noshwh:
+		au_opt_clr(sbinfo->si_mntflags, SHWH);
+		break;
+
+	case Opt_trunc_xino:
+		au_opt_set(sbinfo->si_mntflags, TRUNC_XINO);
+		break;
+	case Opt_notrunc_xino:
+		au_opt_clr(sbinfo->si_mntflags, TRUNC_XINO);
+		break;
+
+	case Opt_trunc_xino_path:
+	case Opt_itrunc_xino:
+		err = au_xino_trunc(sb, opt->xino_itrunc.bindex);
+		if (!err)
+			err = 1;
+		break;
+
+	case Opt_trunc_xib:
+		au_fset_opts(opts->flags, TRUNC_XIB);
+		break;
+	case Opt_notrunc_xib:
+		au_fclr_opts(opts->flags, TRUNC_XIB);
+		break;
+
+	default:
+		err = 0;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * returns tri-state.
+ * plus: processed without an error
+ * zero: unprocessed
+ * minus: error
+ */
+static int au_opt_br(struct super_block *sb, struct au_opt *opt,
+		     struct au_opts *opts)
+{
+	int err, do_refresh;
+
+	err = 0;
+	switch (opt->type) {
+	case Opt_append:
+		opt->add.bindex = au_sbend(sb) + 1;
+		if (opt->add.bindex < 0)
+			opt->add.bindex = 0;
+		goto add;
+	case Opt_prepend:
+		opt->add.bindex = 0;
+	add:
+	case Opt_add:
+		err = au_br_add(sb, &opt->add,
+				au_ftest_opts(opts->flags, REMOUNT));
+		if (!err) {
+			err = 1;
+			au_fset_opts(opts->flags, REFRESH);
+		}
+		break;
+
+	case Opt_del:
+	case Opt_idel:
+		err = au_br_del(sb, &opt->del,
+				au_ftest_opts(opts->flags, REMOUNT));
+		if (!err) {
+			err = 1;
+			au_fset_opts(opts->flags, TRUNC_XIB);
+			au_fset_opts(opts->flags, REFRESH);
+		}
+		break;
+
+	case Opt_mod:
+	case Opt_imod:
+		err = au_br_mod(sb, &opt->mod,
+				au_ftest_opts(opts->flags, REMOUNT),
+				&do_refresh);
+		if (!err) {
+			err = 1;
+			if (do_refresh)
+				au_fset_opts(opts->flags, REFRESH);
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int au_opt_xino(struct super_block *sb, struct au_opt *opt,
+		       struct au_opt_xino **opt_xino,
+		       struct au_opts *opts)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bend, bindex;
+	struct dentry *root, *parent, *h_root;
+
+	err = 0;
+	switch (opt->type) {
+	case Opt_xino:
+		err = au_xino_set(sb, &opt->xino,
+				  !!au_ftest_opts(opts->flags, REMOUNT));
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			break;
+
+		*opt_xino = &opt->xino;
+		au_xino_brid_set(sb, -1);
+
+		/* safe d_parent access */
+		parent = opt->xino.file->f_dentry->d_parent;
+		root = sb->s_root;
+		bend = au_sbend(sb);
+		for (bindex = 0; bindex <= bend; bindex++) {
+			h_root = au_h_dptr(root, bindex);
+			if (h_root == parent) {
+				au_xino_brid_set(sb, au_sbr_id(sb, bindex));
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		break;
+
+	case Opt_noxino:
+		au_xino_clr(sb);
+		au_xino_brid_set(sb, -1);
+		*opt_xino = (void *)-1;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+int au_opts_verify(struct super_block *sb, unsigned long sb_flags,
+		   unsigned int pending)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, bend;
+	unsigned char do_plink, skip, do_free;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+	struct au_wbr *wbr;
+	struct dentry *root;
+	struct inode *dir, *h_dir;
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+	struct au_hinode *hdir;
+
+	SiMustAnyLock(sb);
+
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	AuDebugOn(!(sbinfo->si_mntflags & AuOptMask_UDBA));
+
+	if (!(sb_flags & MS_RDONLY)) {
+		if (unlikely(!au_br_writable(au_sbr_perm(sb, 0))))
+			pr_warning("first branch should be rw\n");
+		if (unlikely(au_opt_test(sbinfo->si_mntflags, SHWH)))
+			pr_warning("shwh should be used with ro\n");
+	}
+
+	if (au_opt_test((sbinfo->si_mntflags | pending), UDBA_HNOTIFY)
+	    && !au_opt_test(sbinfo->si_mntflags, XINO))
+		pr_warning("udba=*notify requires xino\n");
+
+	err = 0;
+	root = sb->s_root;
+	dir = root->d_inode;
+	do_plink = !!au_opt_test(sbinfo->si_mntflags, PLINK);
+	bend = au_sbend(sb);
+	for (bindex = 0; !err && bindex <= bend; bindex++) {
+		skip = 0;
+		h_dir = au_h_iptr(dir, bindex);
+		br = au_sbr(sb, bindex);
+		do_free = 0;
+
+		wbr = br->br_wbr;
+		if (wbr)
+			wbr_wh_read_lock(wbr);
+
+		if (!au_br_writable(br->br_perm)) {
+			do_free = !!wbr;
+			skip = (!wbr
+				|| (!wbr->wbr_whbase
+				    && !wbr->wbr_plink
+				    && !wbr->wbr_orph));
+		} else if (!au_br_wh_linkable(br->br_perm)) {
+			/* skip = (!br->br_whbase && !br->br_orph); */
+			skip = (!wbr || !wbr->wbr_whbase);
+			if (skip && wbr) {
+				if (do_plink)
+					skip = !!wbr->wbr_plink;
+				else
+					skip = !wbr->wbr_plink;
+			}
+		} else {
+			/* skip = (br->br_whbase && br->br_ohph); */
+			skip = (wbr && wbr->wbr_whbase);
+			if (skip) {
+				if (do_plink)
+					skip = !!wbr->wbr_plink;
+				else
+					skip = !wbr->wbr_plink;
+			}
+		}
+		if (wbr)
+			wbr_wh_read_unlock(wbr);
+
+		if (skip)
+			continue;
+
+		hdir = au_hi(dir, bindex);
+		au_hn_imtx_lock_nested(hdir, AuLsc_I_PARENT);
+		if (wbr)
+			wbr_wh_write_lock(wbr);
+		err = au_wh_init(au_h_dptr(root, bindex), br, sb);
+		if (wbr)
+			wbr_wh_write_unlock(wbr);
+		au_hn_imtx_unlock(hdir);
+
+		if (!err && do_free) {
+			kfree(wbr);
+			br->br_wbr = NULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+int au_opts_mount(struct super_block *sb, struct au_opts *opts)
+{
+	int err;
+	unsigned int tmp;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, bend;
+	struct au_opt *opt;
+	struct au_opt_xino *opt_xino, xino;
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+
+	SiMustWriteLock(sb);
+
+	err = 0;
+	opt_xino = NULL;
+	opt = opts->opt;
+	while (err >= 0 && opt->type != Opt_tail)
+		err = au_opt_simple(sb, opt++, opts);
+	if (err > 0)
+		err = 0;
+	else if (unlikely(err < 0))
+		goto out;
+
+	/* disable xino and udba temporary */
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	tmp = sbinfo->si_mntflags;
+	au_opt_clr(sbinfo->si_mntflags, XINO);
+	au_opt_set_udba(sbinfo->si_mntflags, UDBA_REVAL);
+
+	opt = opts->opt;
+	while (err >= 0 && opt->type != Opt_tail)
+		err = au_opt_br(sb, opt++, opts);
+	if (err > 0)
+		err = 0;
+	else if (unlikely(err < 0))
+		goto out;
+
+	bend = au_sbend(sb);
+	if (unlikely(bend < 0)) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		pr_err("no branches\n");
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (au_opt_test(tmp, XINO))
+		au_opt_set(sbinfo->si_mntflags, XINO);
+	opt = opts->opt;
+	while (!err && opt->type != Opt_tail)
+		err = au_opt_xino(sb, opt++, &opt_xino, opts);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = au_opts_verify(sb, sb->s_flags, tmp);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	/* restore xino */
+	if (au_opt_test(tmp, XINO) && !opt_xino) {
+		xino.file = au_xino_def(sb);
+		err = PTR_ERR(xino.file);
+		if (IS_ERR(xino.file))
+			goto out;
+
+		err = au_xino_set(sb, &xino, /*remount*/0);
+		fput(xino.file);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* restore udba */
+	tmp &= AuOptMask_UDBA;
+	sbinfo->si_mntflags &= ~AuOptMask_UDBA;
+	sbinfo->si_mntflags |= tmp;
+	bend = au_sbend(sb);
+	for (bindex = 0; bindex <= bend; bindex++) {
+		br = au_sbr(sb, bindex);
+		err = au_hnotify_reset_br(tmp, br, br->br_perm);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			AuIOErr("hnotify failed on br %d, %d, ignored\n",
+				bindex, err);
+		/* go on even if err */
+	}
+	if (au_opt_test(tmp, UDBA_HNOTIFY)) {
+		struct inode *dir = sb->s_root->d_inode;
+		au_hn_reset(dir, au_hi_flags(dir, /*isdir*/1) & ~AuHi_XINO);
+	}
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+int au_opts_remount(struct super_block *sb, struct au_opts *opts)
+{
+	int err, rerr;
+	struct inode *dir;
+	struct au_opt_xino *opt_xino;
+	struct au_opt *opt;
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+
+	SiMustWriteLock(sb);
+
+	dir = sb->s_root->d_inode;
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	err = 0;
+	opt_xino = NULL;
+	opt = opts->opt;
+	while (err >= 0 && opt->type != Opt_tail) {
+		err = au_opt_simple(sb, opt, opts);
+		if (!err)
+			err = au_opt_br(sb, opt, opts);
+		if (!err)
+			err = au_opt_xino(sb, opt, &opt_xino, opts);
+		opt++;
+	}
+	if (err > 0)
+		err = 0;
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	/* go on even err */
+
+	rerr = au_opts_verify(sb, opts->sb_flags, /*pending*/0);
+	if (unlikely(rerr && !err))
+		err = rerr;
+
+	if (au_ftest_opts(opts->flags, TRUNC_XIB)) {
+		rerr = au_xib_trunc(sb);
+		if (unlikely(rerr && !err))
+			err = rerr;
+	}
+
+	/* will be handled by the caller */
+	if (!au_ftest_opts(opts->flags, REFRESH)
+	    && (opts->given_udba || au_opt_test(sbinfo->si_mntflags, XINO)))
+		au_fset_opts(opts->flags, REFRESH);
+
+	AuDbg("status 0x%x\n", opts->flags);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+unsigned int au_opt_udba(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	return au_mntflags(sb) & AuOptMask_UDBA;
+}
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/opts.h b/ubuntu/aufs/opts.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..958f5119b01e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/opts.h
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * mount options/flags
+ */
+
+#ifndef __AUFS_OPTS_H__
+#define __AUFS_OPTS_H__
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+
+#include <linux/path.h>
+
+struct file;
+struct super_block;
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* mount flags */
+#define AuOpt_XINO		1		/* external inode number bitmap
+						   and translation table */
+#define AuOpt_TRUNC_XINO	(1 << 1)	/* truncate xino files */
+#define AuOpt_UDBA_NONE		(1 << 2)	/* users direct branch access */
+#define AuOpt_UDBA_REVAL	(1 << 3)
+#define AuOpt_UDBA_HNOTIFY	(1 << 4)
+#define AuOpt_SHWH		(1 << 5)	/* show whiteout */
+#define AuOpt_PLINK		(1 << 6)	/* pseudo-link */
+#define AuOpt_DIRPERM1		(1 << 7)	/* unimplemented */
+#define AuOpt_REFROF		(1 << 8)	/* unimplemented */
+#define AuOpt_ALWAYS_DIROPQ	(1 << 9)	/* policy to creating diropq */
+#define AuOpt_SUM		(1 << 10)	/* summation for statfs(2) */
+#define AuOpt_SUM_W		(1 << 11)	/* unimplemented */
+#define AuOpt_WARN_PERM		(1 << 12)	/* warn when add-branch */
+#define AuOpt_VERBOSE		(1 << 13)	/* busy inode when del-branch */
+#define AuOpt_DIO		(1 << 14)	/* direct io */
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_AUFS_HNOTIFY
+#undef AuOpt_UDBA_HNOTIFY
+#define AuOpt_UDBA_HNOTIFY	0
+#endif
+#ifndef CONFIG_AUFS_SHWH
+#undef AuOpt_SHWH
+#define AuOpt_SHWH		0
+#endif
+
+#define AuOpt_Def	(AuOpt_XINO \
+			 | AuOpt_UDBA_REVAL \
+			 | AuOpt_PLINK \
+			 /* | AuOpt_DIRPERM1 */ \
+			 | AuOpt_WARN_PERM)
+#define AuOptMask_UDBA	(AuOpt_UDBA_NONE \
+			 | AuOpt_UDBA_REVAL \
+			 | AuOpt_UDBA_HNOTIFY)
+
+#define au_opt_test(flags, name)	(flags & AuOpt_##name)
+#define au_opt_set(flags, name) do { \
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(AuOpt_##name & AuOptMask_UDBA); \
+	((flags) |= AuOpt_##name); \
+} while (0)
+#define au_opt_set_udba(flags, name) do { \
+	(flags) &= ~AuOptMask_UDBA; \
+	((flags) |= AuOpt_##name); \
+} while (0)
+#define au_opt_clr(flags, name) do { \
+	((flags) &= ~AuOpt_##name); \
+} while (0)
+
+static inline unsigned int au_opts_plink(unsigned int mntflags)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
+	return mntflags;
+#else
+	return mntflags & ~AuOpt_PLINK;
+#endif
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* policies to select one among multiple writable branches */
+enum {
+	AuWbrCreate_TDP,	/* top down parent */
+	AuWbrCreate_RR,		/* round robin */
+	AuWbrCreate_MFS,	/* most free space */
+	AuWbrCreate_MFSV,	/* mfs with seconds */
+	AuWbrCreate_MFSRR,	/* mfs then rr */
+	AuWbrCreate_MFSRRV,	/* mfs then rr with seconds */
+	AuWbrCreate_PMFS,	/* parent and mfs */
+	AuWbrCreate_PMFSV,	/* parent and mfs with seconds */
+
+	AuWbrCreate_Def = AuWbrCreate_TDP
+};
+
+enum {
+	AuWbrCopyup_TDP,	/* top down parent */
+	AuWbrCopyup_BUP,	/* bottom up parent */
+	AuWbrCopyup_BU,		/* bottom up */
+
+	AuWbrCopyup_Def = AuWbrCopyup_TDP
+};
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+struct au_opt_add {
+	aufs_bindex_t	bindex;
+	char		*pathname;
+	int		perm;
+	struct path	path;
+};
+
+struct au_opt_del {
+	char		*pathname;
+	struct path	h_path;
+};
+
+struct au_opt_mod {
+	char		*path;
+	int		perm;
+	struct dentry	*h_root;
+};
+
+struct au_opt_xino {
+	char		*path;
+	struct file	*file;
+};
+
+struct au_opt_xino_itrunc {
+	aufs_bindex_t	bindex;
+};
+
+struct au_opt_wbr_create {
+	int			wbr_create;
+	int			mfs_second;
+	unsigned long long	mfsrr_watermark;
+};
+
+struct au_opt {
+	int type;
+	union {
+		struct au_opt_xino	xino;
+		struct au_opt_xino_itrunc xino_itrunc;
+		struct au_opt_add	add;
+		struct au_opt_del	del;
+		struct au_opt_mod	mod;
+		int			dirwh;
+		int			rdcache;
+		unsigned int		rdblk;
+		unsigned int		rdhash;
+		int			udba;
+		struct au_opt_wbr_create wbr_create;
+		int			wbr_copyup;
+	};
+};
+
+/* opts flags */
+#define AuOpts_REMOUNT		1
+#define AuOpts_REFRESH		(1 << 1)
+#define AuOpts_TRUNC_XIB	(1 << 2)
+#define AuOpts_REFRESH_DYAOP	(1 << 3)
+#define au_ftest_opts(flags, name)	((flags) & AuOpts_##name)
+#define au_fset_opts(flags, name) \
+	do { (flags) |= AuOpts_##name; } while (0)
+#define au_fclr_opts(flags, name) \
+	do { (flags) &= ~AuOpts_##name; } while (0)
+
+struct au_opts {
+	struct au_opt	*opt;
+	int		max_opt;
+
+	unsigned int	given_udba;
+	unsigned int	flags;
+	unsigned long	sb_flags;
+};
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+char *au_optstr_br_perm(int brperm);
+const char *au_optstr_udba(int udba);
+const char *au_optstr_wbr_copyup(int wbr_copyup);
+const char *au_optstr_wbr_create(int wbr_create);
+
+void au_opts_free(struct au_opts *opts);
+int au_opts_parse(struct super_block *sb, char *str, struct au_opts *opts);
+int au_opts_verify(struct super_block *sb, unsigned long sb_flags,
+		   unsigned int pending);
+int au_opts_mount(struct super_block *sb, struct au_opts *opts);
+int au_opts_remount(struct super_block *sb, struct au_opts *opts);
+
+unsigned int au_opt_udba(struct super_block *sb);
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
+#endif /* __AUFS_OPTS_H__ */
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/plink.c b/ubuntu/aufs/plink.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6338461902b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/plink.c
@@ -0,0 +1,515 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * pseudo-link
+ */
+
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+/*
+ * the pseudo-link maintenance mode.
+ * during a user process maintains the pseudo-links,
+ * prohibit adding a new plink and branch manipulation.
+ *
+ * Flags
+ * NOPLM:
+ *	For entry functions which will handle plink, and i_mutex is already held
+ *	in VFS.
+ *	They cannot wait and should return an error at once.
+ *	Callers has to check the error.
+ * NOPLMW:
+ *	For entry functions which will handle plink, but i_mutex is not held
+ *	in VFS.
+ *	They can wait the plink maintenance mode to finish.
+ *
+ * They behave like F_SETLK and F_SETLKW.
+ * If the caller never handle plink, then both flags are unnecessary.
+ */
+
+int au_plink_maint(struct super_block *sb, int flags)
+{
+	int err;
+	pid_t pid, ppid;
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbi;
+
+	SiMustAnyLock(sb);
+
+	err = 0;
+	if (!au_opt_test(au_mntflags(sb), PLINK))
+		goto out;
+
+	sbi = au_sbi(sb);
+	pid = sbi->si_plink_maint_pid;
+	if (!pid || pid == current->pid)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* todo: it highly depends upon /sbin/mount.aufs */
+	rcu_read_lock();
+	ppid = task_pid_vnr(rcu_dereference(current->real_parent));
+	rcu_read_unlock();
+	if (pid == ppid)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (au_ftest_lock(flags, NOPLMW)) {
+		/* if there is no i_mutex lock in VFS, we don't need to wait */
+		/* AuDebugOn(!lockdep_depth(current)); */
+		while (sbi->si_plink_maint_pid) {
+			si_read_unlock(sb);
+			/* gave up wake_up_bit() */
+			wait_event(sbi->si_plink_wq, !sbi->si_plink_maint_pid);
+
+			if (au_ftest_lock(flags, FLUSH))
+				au_nwt_flush(&sbi->si_nowait);
+			si_noflush_read_lock(sb);
+		}
+	} else if (au_ftest_lock(flags, NOPLM)) {
+		AuDbg("ppid %d, pid %d\n", ppid, pid);
+		err = -EAGAIN;
+	}
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+void au_plink_maint_leave(struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo)
+{
+	spin_lock(&sbinfo->si_plink_maint_lock);
+	sbinfo->si_plink_maint_pid = 0;
+	spin_unlock(&sbinfo->si_plink_maint_lock);
+	wake_up_all(&sbinfo->si_plink_wq);
+}
+
+int au_plink_maint_enter(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+
+	err = 0;
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	/* make sure i am the only one in this fs */
+	si_write_lock(sb, AuLock_FLUSH);
+	if (au_opt_test(au_mntflags(sb), PLINK)) {
+		spin_lock(&sbinfo->si_plink_maint_lock);
+		if (!sbinfo->si_plink_maint_pid)
+			sbinfo->si_plink_maint_pid = current->pid;
+		else
+			err = -EBUSY;
+		spin_unlock(&sbinfo->si_plink_maint_lock);
+	}
+	si_write_unlock(sb);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+struct pseudo_link {
+	union {
+		struct list_head list;
+		struct rcu_head rcu;
+	};
+	struct inode *inode;
+};
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_DEBUG
+void au_plink_list(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+	struct list_head *plink_list;
+	struct pseudo_link *plink;
+
+	SiMustAnyLock(sb);
+
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	AuDebugOn(!au_opt_test(au_mntflags(sb), PLINK));
+	AuDebugOn(au_plink_maint(sb, AuLock_NOPLM));
+
+	plink_list = &sbinfo->si_plink.head;
+	rcu_read_lock();
+	list_for_each_entry_rcu(plink, plink_list, list)
+		AuDbg("%lu\n", plink->inode->i_ino);
+	rcu_read_unlock();
+}
+#endif
+
+/* is the inode pseudo-linked? */
+int au_plink_test(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	int found;
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+	struct list_head *plink_list;
+	struct pseudo_link *plink;
+
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(inode->i_sb);
+	AuRwMustAnyLock(&sbinfo->si_rwsem);
+	AuDebugOn(!au_opt_test(au_mntflags(inode->i_sb), PLINK));
+	AuDebugOn(au_plink_maint(inode->i_sb, AuLock_NOPLM));
+
+	found = 0;
+	plink_list = &sbinfo->si_plink.head;
+	rcu_read_lock();
+	list_for_each_entry_rcu(plink, plink_list, list)
+		if (plink->inode == inode) {
+			found = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+	rcu_read_unlock();
+	return found;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/*
+ * generate a name for plink.
+ * the file will be stored under AUFS_WH_PLINKDIR.
+ */
+/* 20 is max digits length of ulong 64 */
+#define PLINK_NAME_LEN	((20 + 1) * 2)
+
+static int plink_name(char *name, int len, struct inode *inode,
+		      aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	int rlen;
+	struct inode *h_inode;
+
+	h_inode = au_h_iptr(inode, bindex);
+	rlen = snprintf(name, len, "%lu.%lu", inode->i_ino, h_inode->i_ino);
+	return rlen;
+}
+
+struct au_do_plink_lkup_args {
+	struct dentry **errp;
+	struct qstr *tgtname;
+	struct dentry *h_parent;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+};
+
+static struct dentry *au_do_plink_lkup(struct qstr *tgtname,
+				       struct dentry *h_parent,
+				       struct au_branch *br)
+{
+	struct dentry *h_dentry;
+	struct mutex *h_mtx;
+
+	h_mtx = &h_parent->d_inode->i_mutex;
+	mutex_lock_nested(h_mtx, AuLsc_I_CHILD2);
+	h_dentry = au_lkup_one(tgtname, h_parent, br, /*nd*/NULL);
+	mutex_unlock(h_mtx);
+	return h_dentry;
+}
+
+static void au_call_do_plink_lkup(void *args)
+{
+	struct au_do_plink_lkup_args *a = args;
+	*a->errp = au_do_plink_lkup(a->tgtname, a->h_parent, a->br);
+}
+
+/* lookup the plink-ed @inode under the branch at @bindex */
+struct dentry *au_plink_lkup(struct inode *inode, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	struct dentry *h_dentry, *h_parent;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+	struct inode *h_dir;
+	int wkq_err;
+	char a[PLINK_NAME_LEN];
+	struct qstr tgtname = {
+		.name	= a
+	};
+
+	AuDebugOn(au_plink_maint(inode->i_sb, AuLock_NOPLM));
+
+	br = au_sbr(inode->i_sb, bindex);
+	h_parent = br->br_wbr->wbr_plink;
+	h_dir = h_parent->d_inode;
+	tgtname.len = plink_name(a, sizeof(a), inode, bindex);
+
+	if (current_fsuid()) {
+		struct au_do_plink_lkup_args args = {
+			.errp		= &h_dentry,
+			.tgtname	= &tgtname,
+			.h_parent	= h_parent,
+			.br		= br
+		};
+
+		wkq_err = au_wkq_wait(au_call_do_plink_lkup, &args);
+		if (unlikely(wkq_err))
+			h_dentry = ERR_PTR(wkq_err);
+	} else
+		h_dentry = au_do_plink_lkup(&tgtname, h_parent, br);
+
+	return h_dentry;
+}
+
+/* create a pseudo-link */
+static int do_whplink(struct qstr *tgt, struct dentry *h_parent,
+		      struct dentry *h_dentry, struct au_branch *br)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct path h_path = {
+		.mnt = br->br_mnt
+	};
+	struct inode *h_dir;
+
+	h_dir = h_parent->d_inode;
+	mutex_lock_nested(&h_dir->i_mutex, AuLsc_I_CHILD2);
+again:
+	h_path.dentry = au_lkup_one(tgt, h_parent, br, /*nd*/NULL);
+	err = PTR_ERR(h_path.dentry);
+	if (IS_ERR(h_path.dentry))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = 0;
+	/* wh.plink dir is not monitored */
+	/* todo: is it really safe? */
+	if (h_path.dentry->d_inode
+	    && h_path.dentry->d_inode != h_dentry->d_inode) {
+		err = vfsub_unlink(h_dir, &h_path, /*force*/0);
+		dput(h_path.dentry);
+		h_path.dentry = NULL;
+		if (!err)
+			goto again;
+	}
+	if (!err && !h_path.dentry->d_inode)
+		err = vfsub_link(h_dentry, h_dir, &h_path);
+	dput(h_path.dentry);
+
+out:
+	mutex_unlock(&h_dir->i_mutex);
+	return err;
+}
+
+struct do_whplink_args {
+	int *errp;
+	struct qstr *tgt;
+	struct dentry *h_parent;
+	struct dentry *h_dentry;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+};
+
+static void call_do_whplink(void *args)
+{
+	struct do_whplink_args *a = args;
+	*a->errp = do_whplink(a->tgt, a->h_parent, a->h_dentry, a->br);
+}
+
+static int whplink(struct dentry *h_dentry, struct inode *inode,
+		   aufs_bindex_t bindex, struct au_branch *br)
+{
+	int err, wkq_err;
+	struct au_wbr *wbr;
+	struct dentry *h_parent;
+	struct inode *h_dir;
+	char a[PLINK_NAME_LEN];
+	struct qstr tgtname = {
+		.name = a
+	};
+
+	wbr = au_sbr(inode->i_sb, bindex)->br_wbr;
+	h_parent = wbr->wbr_plink;
+	h_dir = h_parent->d_inode;
+	tgtname.len = plink_name(a, sizeof(a), inode, bindex);
+
+	/* always superio. */
+	if (current_fsuid()) {
+		struct do_whplink_args args = {
+			.errp		= &err,
+			.tgt		= &tgtname,
+			.h_parent	= h_parent,
+			.h_dentry	= h_dentry,
+			.br		= br
+		};
+		wkq_err = au_wkq_wait(call_do_whplink, &args);
+		if (unlikely(wkq_err))
+			err = wkq_err;
+	} else
+		err = do_whplink(&tgtname, h_parent, h_dentry, br);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* free a single plink */
+static void do_put_plink(struct pseudo_link *plink, int do_del)
+{
+	if (do_del)
+		list_del(&plink->list);
+	iput(plink->inode);
+	kfree(plink);
+}
+
+static void do_put_plink_rcu(struct rcu_head *rcu)
+{
+	struct pseudo_link *plink;
+
+	plink = container_of(rcu, struct pseudo_link, rcu);
+	iput(plink->inode);
+	kfree(plink);
+}
+
+/*
+ * create a new pseudo-link for @h_dentry on @bindex.
+ * the linked inode is held in aufs @inode.
+ */
+void au_plink_append(struct inode *inode, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+		     struct dentry *h_dentry)
+{
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+	struct list_head *plink_list;
+	struct pseudo_link *plink, *tmp;
+	int found, err, cnt;
+
+	sb = inode->i_sb;
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	AuDebugOn(!au_opt_test(au_mntflags(sb), PLINK));
+	AuDebugOn(au_plink_maint(sb, AuLock_NOPLM));
+
+	cnt = 0;
+	found = 0;
+	plink_list = &sbinfo->si_plink.head;
+	rcu_read_lock();
+	list_for_each_entry_rcu(plink, plink_list, list) {
+		cnt++;
+		if (plink->inode == inode) {
+			found = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	rcu_read_unlock();
+	if (found)
+		return;
+
+	tmp = kmalloc(sizeof(*plink), GFP_NOFS);
+	if (tmp)
+		tmp->inode = au_igrab(inode);
+	else {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	spin_lock(&sbinfo->si_plink.spin);
+	list_for_each_entry(plink, plink_list, list) {
+		if (plink->inode == inode) {
+			found = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	if (!found)
+		list_add_rcu(&tmp->list, plink_list);
+	spin_unlock(&sbinfo->si_plink.spin);
+	if (!found) {
+		cnt++;
+//		WARN_ONCE(cnt > AUFS_PLINK_WARN,
+//			  "unexpectedly many pseudo links, %d\n", cnt);
+		err = whplink(h_dentry, inode, bindex, au_sbr(sb, bindex));
+	} else {
+		do_put_plink(tmp, 0);
+		return;
+	}
+
+out:
+	if (unlikely(err)) {
+		pr_warning("err %d, damaged pseudo link.\n", err);
+		if (tmp) {
+			au_spl_del_rcu(&tmp->list, &sbinfo->si_plink);
+			call_rcu(&tmp->rcu, do_put_plink_rcu);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/* free all plinks */
+void au_plink_put(struct super_block *sb, int verbose)
+{
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+	struct list_head *plink_list;
+	struct pseudo_link *plink, *tmp;
+
+	SiMustWriteLock(sb);
+
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	AuDebugOn(!au_opt_test(au_mntflags(sb), PLINK));
+	AuDebugOn(au_plink_maint(sb, AuLock_NOPLM));
+
+	plink_list = &sbinfo->si_plink.head;
+	/* no spin_lock since sbinfo is write-locked */
+	WARN(verbose && !list_empty(plink_list), "pseudo-link is not flushed");
+	list_for_each_entry_safe(plink, tmp, plink_list, list)
+		do_put_plink(plink, 0);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(plink_list);
+}
+
+void au_plink_clean(struct super_block *sb, int verbose)
+{
+	struct dentry *root;
+
+	root = sb->s_root;
+	aufs_write_lock(root);
+	if (au_opt_test(au_mntflags(sb), PLINK))
+		au_plink_put(sb, verbose);
+	aufs_write_unlock(root);
+}
+
+/* free the plinks on a branch specified by @br_id */
+void au_plink_half_refresh(struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t br_id)
+{
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+	struct list_head *plink_list;
+	struct pseudo_link *plink, *tmp;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	aufs_bindex_t bstart, bend, bindex;
+	unsigned char do_put;
+
+	SiMustWriteLock(sb);
+
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	AuDebugOn(!au_opt_test(au_mntflags(sb), PLINK));
+	AuDebugOn(au_plink_maint(sb, AuLock_NOPLM));
+
+	plink_list = &sbinfo->si_plink.head;
+	/* no spin_lock since sbinfo is write-locked */
+	list_for_each_entry_safe(plink, tmp, plink_list, list) {
+		do_put = 0;
+		inode = au_igrab(plink->inode);
+		ii_write_lock_child(inode);
+		bstart = au_ibstart(inode);
+		bend = au_ibend(inode);
+		if (bstart >= 0) {
+			for (bindex = bstart; bindex <= bend; bindex++) {
+				if (!au_h_iptr(inode, bindex)
+				    || au_ii_br_id(inode, bindex) != br_id)
+					continue;
+				au_set_h_iptr(inode, bindex, NULL, 0);
+				do_put = 1;
+				break;
+			}
+		} else
+			do_put_plink(plink, 1);
+
+		if (do_put) {
+			for (bindex = bstart; bindex <= bend; bindex++)
+				if (au_h_iptr(inode, bindex)) {
+					do_put = 0;
+					break;
+				}
+			if (do_put)
+				do_put_plink(plink, 1);
+		}
+		ii_write_unlock(inode);
+		iput(inode);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/poll.c b/ubuntu/aufs/poll.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..59d1a4b285ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/poll.c
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * poll operation
+ * There is only one filesystem which implements ->poll operation, currently.
+ */
+
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+unsigned int aufs_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
+{
+	unsigned int mask;
+	int err;
+	struct file *h_file;
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+
+	/* We should pretend an error happened. */
+	mask = POLLERR /* | POLLIN | POLLOUT */;
+	dentry = file->f_dentry;
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	si_read_lock(sb, AuLock_FLUSH | AuLock_NOPLMW);
+	err = au_reval_and_lock_fdi(file, au_reopen_nondir, /*wlock*/0);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	/* it is not an error if h_file has no operation */
+	mask = DEFAULT_POLLMASK;
+	h_file = au_hf_top(file);
+	if (h_file->f_op && h_file->f_op->poll)
+		mask = h_file->f_op->poll(h_file, wait);
+
+	di_read_unlock(dentry, AuLock_IR);
+	fi_read_unlock(file);
+
+out:
+	si_read_unlock(sb);
+	AuTraceErr((int)mask);
+	return mask;
+}
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/procfs.c b/ubuntu/aufs/procfs.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8169782d5e3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/procfs.c
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2010-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * procfs interfaces
+ */
+
+#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+static int au_procfs_plm_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+{
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+
+	sbinfo = file->private_data;
+	if (sbinfo) {
+		au_plink_maint_leave(sbinfo);
+		kobject_put(&sbinfo->si_kobj);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void au_procfs_plm_write_clean(struct file *file)
+{
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+
+	sbinfo = file->private_data;
+	if (sbinfo)
+		au_plink_clean(sbinfo->si_sb, /*verbose*/0);
+}
+
+static int au_procfs_plm_write_si(struct file *file, unsigned long id)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+
+	err = -EBUSY;
+	if (unlikely(file->private_data))
+		goto out;
+
+	sb = NULL;
+	/* don't use au_sbilist_lock() here */
+	spin_lock(&au_sbilist.spin);
+	list_for_each_entry(sbinfo, &au_sbilist.head, si_list)
+		if (id == sysaufs_si_id(sbinfo)) {
+			kobject_get(&sbinfo->si_kobj);
+			sb = sbinfo->si_sb;
+			break;
+		}
+	spin_unlock(&au_sbilist.spin);
+
+	err = -EINVAL;
+	if (unlikely(!sb))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = au_plink_maint_enter(sb);
+	if (!err)
+		/* keep kobject_get() */
+		file->private_data = sbinfo;
+	else
+		kobject_put(&sbinfo->si_kobj);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Accept a valid "si=xxxx" only.
+ * Once it is accepted successfully, accept "clean" too.
+ */
+static ssize_t au_procfs_plm_write(struct file *file, const char __user *ubuf,
+				   size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
+{
+	ssize_t err;
+	unsigned long id;
+	/* last newline is allowed */
+	char buf[3 + sizeof(unsigned long) * 2 + 1];
+
+	err = -EACCES;
+	if (unlikely(!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN)))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = -EINVAL;
+	if (unlikely(count > sizeof(buf)))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = copy_from_user(buf, ubuf, count);
+	if (unlikely(err)) {
+		err = -EFAULT;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	buf[count] = 0;
+
+	err = -EINVAL;
+	if (!strcmp("clean", buf)) {
+		au_procfs_plm_write_clean(file);
+		goto out_success;
+	} else if (unlikely(strncmp("si=", buf, 3)))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = kstrtoul(buf + 3, 16, &id);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = au_procfs_plm_write_si(file, id);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+out_success:
+	err = count; /* success */
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static const struct file_operations au_procfs_plm_fop = {
+	.write		= au_procfs_plm_write,
+	.release	= au_procfs_plm_release,
+	.owner		= THIS_MODULE
+};
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static struct proc_dir_entry *au_procfs_dir;
+
+void au_procfs_fin(void)
+{
+	remove_proc_entry(AUFS_PLINK_MAINT_NAME, au_procfs_dir);
+	remove_proc_entry(AUFS_PLINK_MAINT_DIR, NULL);
+}
+
+int __init au_procfs_init(void)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct proc_dir_entry *entry;
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	au_procfs_dir = proc_mkdir(AUFS_PLINK_MAINT_DIR, NULL);
+	if (unlikely(!au_procfs_dir))
+		goto out;
+
+	entry = proc_create(AUFS_PLINK_MAINT_NAME, S_IFREG | S_IWUSR,
+			    au_procfs_dir, &au_procfs_plm_fop);
+	if (unlikely(!entry))
+		goto out_dir;
+
+	err = 0;
+	goto out; /* success */
+
+
+out_dir:
+	remove_proc_entry(AUFS_PLINK_MAINT_DIR, NULL);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/rdu.c b/ubuntu/aufs/rdu.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..765650379404
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/rdu.c
@@ -0,0 +1,383 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * readdir in userspace.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/compat.h>
+#include <linux/fs_stack.h>
+#include <linux/security.h>
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+/* bits for struct aufs_rdu.flags */
+#define	AuRdu_CALLED	1
+#define	AuRdu_CONT	(1 << 1)
+#define	AuRdu_FULL	(1 << 2)
+#define au_ftest_rdu(flags, name)	((flags) & AuRdu_##name)
+#define au_fset_rdu(flags, name) \
+	do { (flags) |= AuRdu_##name; } while (0)
+#define au_fclr_rdu(flags, name) \
+	do { (flags) &= ~AuRdu_##name; } while (0)
+
+struct au_rdu_arg {
+	struct aufs_rdu			*rdu;
+	union au_rdu_ent_ul		ent;
+	unsigned long			end;
+
+	struct super_block		*sb;
+	int				err;
+};
+
+static int au_rdu_fill(void *__arg, const char *name, int nlen,
+		       loff_t offset, u64 h_ino, unsigned int d_type)
+{
+	int err, len;
+	struct au_rdu_arg *arg = __arg;
+	struct aufs_rdu *rdu = arg->rdu;
+	struct au_rdu_ent ent;
+
+	err = 0;
+	arg->err = 0;
+	au_fset_rdu(rdu->cookie.flags, CALLED);
+	len = au_rdu_len(nlen);
+	if (arg->ent.ul + len  < arg->end) {
+		ent.ino = h_ino;
+		ent.bindex = rdu->cookie.bindex;
+		ent.type = d_type;
+		ent.nlen = nlen;
+		if (unlikely(nlen > AUFS_MAX_NAMELEN))
+			ent.type = DT_UNKNOWN;
+
+		/* unnecessary to support mmap_sem since this is a dir */
+		err = -EFAULT;
+		if (copy_to_user(arg->ent.e, &ent, sizeof(ent)))
+			goto out;
+		if (copy_to_user(arg->ent.e->name, name, nlen))
+			goto out;
+		/* the terminating NULL */
+		if (__put_user(0, arg->ent.e->name + nlen))
+			goto out;
+		err = 0;
+		/* AuDbg("%p, %.*s\n", arg->ent.p, nlen, name); */
+		arg->ent.ul += len;
+		rdu->rent++;
+	} else {
+		err = -EFAULT;
+		au_fset_rdu(rdu->cookie.flags, FULL);
+		rdu->full = 1;
+		rdu->tail = arg->ent;
+	}
+
+out:
+	/* AuTraceErr(err); */
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int au_rdu_do(struct file *h_file, struct au_rdu_arg *arg)
+{
+	int err;
+	loff_t offset;
+	struct au_rdu_cookie *cookie = &arg->rdu->cookie;
+
+	offset = vfsub_llseek(h_file, cookie->h_pos, SEEK_SET);
+	err = offset;
+	if (unlikely(offset != cookie->h_pos))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = 0;
+	do {
+		arg->err = 0;
+		au_fclr_rdu(cookie->flags, CALLED);
+		/* smp_mb(); */
+		err = vfsub_readdir(h_file, au_rdu_fill, arg);
+		if (err >= 0)
+			err = arg->err;
+	} while (!err
+		 && au_ftest_rdu(cookie->flags, CALLED)
+		 && !au_ftest_rdu(cookie->flags, FULL));
+	cookie->h_pos = h_file->f_pos;
+
+out:
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int au_rdu(struct file *file, struct aufs_rdu *rdu)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bend;
+	struct au_rdu_arg arg;
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct file *h_file;
+	struct au_rdu_cookie *cookie = &rdu->cookie;
+
+	err = !access_ok(VERIFY_WRITE, rdu->ent.e, rdu->sz);
+	if (unlikely(err)) {
+		err = -EFAULT;
+		AuTraceErr(err);
+		goto out;
+	}
+	rdu->rent = 0;
+	rdu->tail = rdu->ent;
+	rdu->full = 0;
+	arg.rdu = rdu;
+	arg.ent = rdu->ent;
+	arg.end = arg.ent.ul;
+	arg.end += rdu->sz;
+
+	err = -ENOTDIR;
+	if (unlikely(!file->f_op || !file->f_op->readdir))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = security_file_permission(file, MAY_READ);
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	dentry = file->f_dentry;
+	inode = dentry->d_inode;
+#if 1
+	mutex_lock(&inode->i_mutex);
+#else
+	err = mutex_lock_killable(&inode->i_mutex);
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+#endif
+
+	arg.sb = inode->i_sb;
+	err = si_read_lock(arg.sb, AuLock_FLUSH | AuLock_NOPLM);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_mtx;
+	err = au_alive_dir(dentry);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_si;
+	/* todo: reval? */
+	fi_read_lock(file);
+
+	err = -EAGAIN;
+	if (unlikely(au_ftest_rdu(cookie->flags, CONT)
+		     && cookie->generation != au_figen(file)))
+		goto out_unlock;
+
+	err = 0;
+	if (!rdu->blk) {
+		rdu->blk = au_sbi(arg.sb)->si_rdblk;
+		if (!rdu->blk)
+			rdu->blk = au_dir_size(file, /*dentry*/NULL);
+	}
+	bend = au_fbstart(file);
+	if (cookie->bindex < bend)
+		cookie->bindex = bend;
+	bend = au_fbend_dir(file);
+	/* AuDbg("b%d, b%d\n", cookie->bindex, bend); */
+	for (; !err && cookie->bindex <= bend;
+	     cookie->bindex++, cookie->h_pos = 0) {
+		h_file = au_hf_dir(file, cookie->bindex);
+		if (!h_file)
+			continue;
+
+		au_fclr_rdu(cookie->flags, FULL);
+		err = au_rdu_do(h_file, &arg);
+		AuTraceErr(err);
+		if (unlikely(au_ftest_rdu(cookie->flags, FULL) || err))
+			break;
+	}
+	AuDbg("rent %llu\n", rdu->rent);
+
+	if (!err && !au_ftest_rdu(cookie->flags, CONT)) {
+		rdu->shwh = !!au_opt_test(au_sbi(arg.sb)->si_mntflags, SHWH);
+		au_fset_rdu(cookie->flags, CONT);
+		cookie->generation = au_figen(file);
+	}
+
+	ii_read_lock_child(inode);
+	fsstack_copy_attr_atime(inode, au_h_iptr(inode, au_ibstart(inode)));
+	ii_read_unlock(inode);
+
+out_unlock:
+	fi_read_unlock(file);
+out_si:
+	si_read_unlock(arg.sb);
+out_mtx:
+	mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
+out:
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int au_rdu_ino(struct file *file, struct aufs_rdu *rdu)
+{
+	int err;
+	ino_t ino;
+	unsigned long long nent;
+	union au_rdu_ent_ul *u;
+	struct au_rdu_ent ent;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+
+	err = 0;
+	nent = rdu->nent;
+	u = &rdu->ent;
+	sb = file->f_dentry->d_sb;
+	si_read_lock(sb, AuLock_FLUSH);
+	while (nent-- > 0) {
+		/* unnecessary to support mmap_sem since this is a dir */
+		err = copy_from_user(&ent, u->e, sizeof(ent));
+		if (!err)
+			err = !access_ok(VERIFY_WRITE, &u->e->ino, sizeof(ino));
+		if (unlikely(err)) {
+			err = -EFAULT;
+			AuTraceErr(err);
+			break;
+		}
+
+		/* AuDbg("b%d, i%llu\n", ent.bindex, ent.ino); */
+		if (!ent.wh)
+			err = au_ino(sb, ent.bindex, ent.ino, ent.type, &ino);
+		else
+			err = au_wh_ino(sb, ent.bindex, ent.ino, ent.type,
+					&ino);
+		if (unlikely(err)) {
+			AuTraceErr(err);
+			break;
+		}
+
+		err = __put_user(ino, &u->e->ino);
+		if (unlikely(err)) {
+			err = -EFAULT;
+			AuTraceErr(err);
+			break;
+		}
+		u->ul += au_rdu_len(ent.nlen);
+	}
+	si_read_unlock(sb);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static int au_rdu_verify(struct aufs_rdu *rdu)
+{
+	AuDbg("rdu{%llu, %p, %u | %u | %llu, %u, %u | "
+	      "%llu, b%d, 0x%x, g%u}\n",
+	      rdu->sz, rdu->ent.e, rdu->verify[AufsCtlRduV_SZ],
+	      rdu->blk,
+	      rdu->rent, rdu->shwh, rdu->full,
+	      rdu->cookie.h_pos, rdu->cookie.bindex, rdu->cookie.flags,
+	      rdu->cookie.generation);
+
+	if (rdu->verify[AufsCtlRduV_SZ] == sizeof(*rdu))
+		return 0;
+
+	AuDbg("%u:%u\n",
+	      rdu->verify[AufsCtlRduV_SZ], (unsigned int)sizeof(*rdu));
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+long au_rdu_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
+{
+	long err, e;
+	struct aufs_rdu rdu;
+	void __user *p = (void __user *)arg;
+
+	err = copy_from_user(&rdu, p, sizeof(rdu));
+	if (unlikely(err)) {
+		err = -EFAULT;
+		AuTraceErr(err);
+		goto out;
+	}
+	err = au_rdu_verify(&rdu);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	switch (cmd) {
+	case AUFS_CTL_RDU:
+		err = au_rdu(file, &rdu);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			break;
+
+		e = copy_to_user(p, &rdu, sizeof(rdu));
+		if (unlikely(e)) {
+			err = -EFAULT;
+			AuTraceErr(err);
+		}
+		break;
+	case AUFS_CTL_RDU_INO:
+		err = au_rdu_ino(file, &rdu);
+		break;
+
+	default:
+		/* err = -ENOTTY; */
+		err = -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+out:
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
+long au_rdu_compat_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
+{
+	long err, e;
+	struct aufs_rdu rdu;
+	void __user *p = compat_ptr(arg);
+
+	/* todo: get_user()? */
+	err = copy_from_user(&rdu, p, sizeof(rdu));
+	if (unlikely(err)) {
+		err = -EFAULT;
+		AuTraceErr(err);
+		goto out;
+	}
+	rdu.ent.e = compat_ptr(rdu.ent.ul);
+	err = au_rdu_verify(&rdu);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	switch (cmd) {
+	case AUFS_CTL_RDU:
+		err = au_rdu(file, &rdu);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			break;
+
+		rdu.ent.ul = ptr_to_compat(rdu.ent.e);
+		rdu.tail.ul = ptr_to_compat(rdu.tail.e);
+		e = copy_to_user(p, &rdu, sizeof(rdu));
+		if (unlikely(e)) {
+			err = -EFAULT;
+			AuTraceErr(err);
+		}
+		break;
+	case AUFS_CTL_RDU_INO:
+		err = au_rdu_ino(file, &rdu);
+		break;
+
+	default:
+		/* err = -ENOTTY; */
+		err = -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+out:
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/rwsem.h b/ubuntu/aufs/rwsem.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d6c1b3767308
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/rwsem.h
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * simple read-write semaphore wrappers
+ */
+
+#ifndef __AUFS_RWSEM_H__
+#define __AUFS_RWSEM_H__
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+
+#include "debug.h"
+
+struct au_rwsem {
+	struct rw_semaphore	rwsem;
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_DEBUG
+	/* just for debugging, not almighty counter */
+	atomic_t		rcnt, wcnt;
+#endif
+};
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_DEBUG
+#define AuDbgCntInit(rw) do { \
+	atomic_set(&(rw)->rcnt, 0); \
+	atomic_set(&(rw)->wcnt, 0); \
+	smp_mb(); /* atomic set */ \
+} while (0)
+
+#define AuDbgRcntInc(rw)	atomic_inc(&(rw)->rcnt)
+#define AuDbgRcntDec(rw)	WARN_ON(atomic_dec_return(&(rw)->rcnt) < 0)
+#define AuDbgWcntInc(rw)	atomic_inc(&(rw)->wcnt)
+#define AuDbgWcntDec(rw)	WARN_ON(atomic_dec_return(&(rw)->wcnt) < 0)
+#else
+#define AuDbgCntInit(rw)	do {} while (0)
+#define AuDbgRcntInc(rw)	do {} while (0)
+#define AuDbgRcntDec(rw)	do {} while (0)
+#define AuDbgWcntInc(rw)	do {} while (0)
+#define AuDbgWcntDec(rw)	do {} while (0)
+#endif /* CONFIG_AUFS_DEBUG */
+
+/* to debug easier, do not make them inlined functions */
+#define AuRwMustNoWaiters(rw)	AuDebugOn(!list_empty(&(rw)->rwsem.wait_list))
+/* rwsem_is_locked() is unusable */
+#define AuRwMustReadLock(rw)	AuDebugOn(atomic_read(&(rw)->rcnt) <= 0)
+#define AuRwMustWriteLock(rw)	AuDebugOn(atomic_read(&(rw)->wcnt) <= 0)
+#define AuRwMustAnyLock(rw)	AuDebugOn(atomic_read(&(rw)->rcnt) <= 0 \
+					&& atomic_read(&(rw)->wcnt) <= 0)
+#define AuRwDestroy(rw)		AuDebugOn(atomic_read(&(rw)->rcnt) \
+					|| atomic_read(&(rw)->wcnt))
+
+#define au_rw_class(rw, key)	lockdep_set_class(&(rw)->rwsem, key)
+
+static inline void au_rw_init(struct au_rwsem *rw)
+{
+	AuDbgCntInit(rw);
+	init_rwsem(&rw->rwsem);
+}
+
+static inline void au_rw_init_wlock(struct au_rwsem *rw)
+{
+	au_rw_init(rw);
+	down_write(&rw->rwsem);
+	AuDbgWcntInc(rw);
+}
+
+static inline void au_rw_init_wlock_nested(struct au_rwsem *rw,
+					   unsigned int lsc)
+{
+	au_rw_init(rw);
+	down_write_nested(&rw->rwsem, lsc);
+	AuDbgWcntInc(rw);
+}
+
+static inline void au_rw_read_lock(struct au_rwsem *rw)
+{
+	down_read(&rw->rwsem);
+	AuDbgRcntInc(rw);
+}
+
+static inline void au_rw_read_lock_nested(struct au_rwsem *rw, unsigned int lsc)
+{
+	down_read_nested(&rw->rwsem, lsc);
+	AuDbgRcntInc(rw);
+}
+
+static inline void au_rw_read_unlock(struct au_rwsem *rw)
+{
+	AuRwMustReadLock(rw);
+	AuDbgRcntDec(rw);
+	up_read(&rw->rwsem);
+}
+
+static inline void au_rw_dgrade_lock(struct au_rwsem *rw)
+{
+	AuRwMustWriteLock(rw);
+	AuDbgRcntInc(rw);
+	AuDbgWcntDec(rw);
+	downgrade_write(&rw->rwsem);
+}
+
+static inline void au_rw_write_lock(struct au_rwsem *rw)
+{
+	down_write(&rw->rwsem);
+	AuDbgWcntInc(rw);
+}
+
+static inline void au_rw_write_lock_nested(struct au_rwsem *rw,
+					   unsigned int lsc)
+{
+	down_write_nested(&rw->rwsem, lsc);
+	AuDbgWcntInc(rw);
+}
+
+static inline void au_rw_write_unlock(struct au_rwsem *rw)
+{
+	AuRwMustWriteLock(rw);
+	AuDbgWcntDec(rw);
+	up_write(&rw->rwsem);
+}
+
+/* why is not _nested version defined */
+static inline int au_rw_read_trylock(struct au_rwsem *rw)
+{
+	int ret = down_read_trylock(&rw->rwsem);
+	if (ret)
+		AuDbgRcntInc(rw);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static inline int au_rw_write_trylock(struct au_rwsem *rw)
+{
+	int ret = down_write_trylock(&rw->rwsem);
+	if (ret)
+		AuDbgWcntInc(rw);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+#undef AuDbgCntInit
+#undef AuDbgRcntInc
+#undef AuDbgRcntDec
+#undef AuDbgWcntInc
+#undef AuDbgWcntDec
+
+#define AuSimpleLockRwsemFuncs(prefix, param, rwsem) \
+static inline void prefix##_read_lock(param) \
+{ au_rw_read_lock(rwsem); } \
+static inline void prefix##_write_lock(param) \
+{ au_rw_write_lock(rwsem); } \
+static inline int prefix##_read_trylock(param) \
+{ return au_rw_read_trylock(rwsem); } \
+static inline int prefix##_write_trylock(param) \
+{ return au_rw_write_trylock(rwsem); }
+/* why is not _nested version defined */
+/* static inline void prefix##_read_trylock_nested(param, lsc)
+{ au_rw_read_trylock_nested(rwsem, lsc)); }
+static inline void prefix##_write_trylock_nestd(param, lsc)
+{ au_rw_write_trylock_nested(rwsem, lsc); } */
+
+#define AuSimpleUnlockRwsemFuncs(prefix, param, rwsem) \
+static inline void prefix##_read_unlock(param) \
+{ au_rw_read_unlock(rwsem); } \
+static inline void prefix##_write_unlock(param) \
+{ au_rw_write_unlock(rwsem); } \
+static inline void prefix##_downgrade_lock(param) \
+{ au_rw_dgrade_lock(rwsem); }
+
+#define AuSimpleRwsemFuncs(prefix, param, rwsem) \
+	AuSimpleLockRwsemFuncs(prefix, param, rwsem) \
+	AuSimpleUnlockRwsemFuncs(prefix, param, rwsem)
+
+#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
+#endif /* __AUFS_RWSEM_H__ */
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/sbinfo.c b/ubuntu/aufs/sbinfo.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2448efe08014
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/sbinfo.c
@@ -0,0 +1,343 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * superblock private data
+ */
+
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+/*
+ * they are necessary regardless sysfs is disabled.
+ */
+void au_si_free(struct kobject *kobj)
+{
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+	char *locked __maybe_unused; /* debug only */
+
+	sbinfo = container_of(kobj, struct au_sbinfo, si_kobj);
+	AuDebugOn(!list_empty(&sbinfo->si_plink.head));
+	AuDebugOn(atomic_read(&sbinfo->si_nowait.nw_len));
+
+	au_rw_write_lock(&sbinfo->si_rwsem);
+	au_br_free(sbinfo);
+	au_rw_write_unlock(&sbinfo->si_rwsem);
+
+	AuDebugOn(radix_tree_gang_lookup
+		  (&sbinfo->au_si_pid.tree, (void **)&locked,
+		   /*first_index*/PID_MAX_DEFAULT - 1,
+		   /*max_items*/sizeof(locked)/sizeof(*locked)));
+
+	kfree(sbinfo->si_branch);
+	kfree(sbinfo->au_si_pid.bitmap);
+	mutex_destroy(&sbinfo->si_xib_mtx);
+	AuRwDestroy(&sbinfo->si_rwsem);
+
+	kfree(sbinfo);
+}
+
+int au_si_alloc(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+	static struct lock_class_key aufs_si;
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	sbinfo = kzalloc(sizeof(*sbinfo), GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(!sbinfo))
+		goto out;
+
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(unsigned long) !=
+		     sizeof(*sbinfo->au_si_pid.bitmap));
+	sbinfo->au_si_pid.bitmap = kcalloc(BITS_TO_LONGS(PID_MAX_DEFAULT),
+					sizeof(*sbinfo->au_si_pid.bitmap),
+					GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(!sbinfo->au_si_pid.bitmap))
+		goto out_sbinfo;
+
+	/* will be reallocated separately */
+	sbinfo->si_branch = kzalloc(sizeof(*sbinfo->si_branch), GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(!sbinfo->si_branch))
+		goto out_pidmap;
+
+	err = sysaufs_si_init(sbinfo);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_br;
+
+	au_nwt_init(&sbinfo->si_nowait);
+	au_rw_init_wlock(&sbinfo->si_rwsem);
+	au_rw_class(&sbinfo->si_rwsem, &aufs_si);
+	spin_lock_init(&sbinfo->au_si_pid.tree_lock);
+	INIT_RADIX_TREE(&sbinfo->au_si_pid.tree, GFP_ATOMIC | __GFP_NOFAIL);
+
+	atomic_long_set(&sbinfo->si_ninodes, 0);
+	atomic_long_set(&sbinfo->si_nfiles, 0);
+
+	sbinfo->si_bend = -1;
+
+	sbinfo->si_wbr_copyup = AuWbrCopyup_Def;
+	sbinfo->si_wbr_create = AuWbrCreate_Def;
+	sbinfo->si_wbr_copyup_ops = au_wbr_copyup_ops + sbinfo->si_wbr_copyup;
+	sbinfo->si_wbr_create_ops = au_wbr_create_ops + sbinfo->si_wbr_create;
+
+	sbinfo->si_mntflags = au_opts_plink(AuOpt_Def);
+
+	mutex_init(&sbinfo->si_xib_mtx);
+	sbinfo->si_xino_brid = -1;
+	/* leave si_xib_last_pindex and si_xib_next_bit */
+
+	sbinfo->si_rdcache = msecs_to_jiffies(AUFS_RDCACHE_DEF * MSEC_PER_SEC);
+	sbinfo->si_rdblk = AUFS_RDBLK_DEF;
+	sbinfo->si_rdhash = AUFS_RDHASH_DEF;
+	sbinfo->si_dirwh = AUFS_DIRWH_DEF;
+
+	au_spl_init(&sbinfo->si_plink);
+	init_waitqueue_head(&sbinfo->si_plink_wq);
+	spin_lock_init(&sbinfo->si_plink_maint_lock);
+
+	/* leave other members for sysaufs and si_mnt. */
+	sbinfo->si_sb = sb;
+	sb->s_fs_info = sbinfo;
+	si_pid_set(sb);
+	au_debug_sbinfo_init(sbinfo);
+	return 0; /* success */
+
+out_br:
+	kfree(sbinfo->si_branch);
+out_pidmap:
+	kfree(sbinfo->au_si_pid.bitmap);
+out_sbinfo:
+	kfree(sbinfo);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+int au_sbr_realloc(struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo, int nbr)
+{
+	int err, sz;
+	struct au_branch **brp;
+
+	AuRwMustWriteLock(&sbinfo->si_rwsem);
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	sz = sizeof(*brp) * (sbinfo->si_bend + 1);
+	if (unlikely(!sz))
+		sz = sizeof(*brp);
+	brp = au_kzrealloc(sbinfo->si_branch, sz, sizeof(*brp) * nbr, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (brp) {
+		sbinfo->si_branch = brp;
+		err = 0;
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+unsigned int au_sigen_inc(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	unsigned int gen;
+
+	SiMustWriteLock(sb);
+
+	gen = ++au_sbi(sb)->si_generation;
+	au_update_digen(sb->s_root);
+	au_update_iigen(sb->s_root->d_inode);
+	sb->s_root->d_inode->i_version++;
+	return gen;
+}
+
+aufs_bindex_t au_new_br_id(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	aufs_bindex_t br_id;
+	int i;
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+
+	SiMustWriteLock(sb);
+
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	for (i = 0; i <= AUFS_BRANCH_MAX; i++) {
+		br_id = ++sbinfo->si_last_br_id;
+		AuDebugOn(br_id < 0);
+		if (br_id && au_br_index(sb, br_id) < 0)
+			return br_id;
+	}
+
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* it is ok that new 'nwt' tasks are appended while we are sleeping */
+int si_read_lock(struct super_block *sb, int flags)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	err = 0;
+	if (au_ftest_lock(flags, FLUSH))
+		au_nwt_flush(&au_sbi(sb)->si_nowait);
+
+	si_noflush_read_lock(sb);
+	err = au_plink_maint(sb, flags);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		si_read_unlock(sb);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+int si_write_lock(struct super_block *sb, int flags)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	if (au_ftest_lock(flags, FLUSH))
+		au_nwt_flush(&au_sbi(sb)->si_nowait);
+
+	si_noflush_write_lock(sb);
+	err = au_plink_maint(sb, flags);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		si_write_unlock(sb);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* dentry and super_block lock. call at entry point */
+int aufs_read_lock(struct dentry *dentry, int flags)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	err = si_read_lock(sb, flags);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	if (au_ftest_lock(flags, DW))
+		di_write_lock_child(dentry);
+	else
+		di_read_lock_child(dentry, flags);
+
+	if (au_ftest_lock(flags, GEN)) {
+		err = au_digen_test(dentry, au_sigen(sb));
+		AuDebugOn(!err && au_dbrange_test(dentry));
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			aufs_read_unlock(dentry, flags);
+	}
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+void aufs_read_unlock(struct dentry *dentry, int flags)
+{
+	if (au_ftest_lock(flags, DW))
+		di_write_unlock(dentry);
+	else
+		di_read_unlock(dentry, flags);
+	si_read_unlock(dentry->d_sb);
+}
+
+void aufs_write_lock(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	si_write_lock(dentry->d_sb, AuLock_FLUSH | AuLock_NOPLMW);
+	di_write_lock_child(dentry);
+}
+
+void aufs_write_unlock(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	di_write_unlock(dentry);
+	si_write_unlock(dentry->d_sb);
+}
+
+int aufs_read_and_write_lock2(struct dentry *d1, struct dentry *d2, int flags)
+{
+	int err;
+	unsigned int sigen;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+
+	sb = d1->d_sb;
+	err = si_read_lock(sb, flags);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	di_write_lock2_child(d1, d2, au_ftest_lock(flags, DIR));
+
+	if (au_ftest_lock(flags, GEN)) {
+		sigen = au_sigen(sb);
+		err = au_digen_test(d1, sigen);
+		AuDebugOn(!err && au_dbrange_test(d1));
+		if (!err) {
+			err = au_digen_test(d2, sigen);
+			AuDebugOn(!err && au_dbrange_test(d2));
+		}
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			aufs_read_and_write_unlock2(d1, d2);
+	}
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+void aufs_read_and_write_unlock2(struct dentry *d1, struct dentry *d2)
+{
+	di_write_unlock2(d1, d2);
+	si_read_unlock(d1->d_sb);
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+int si_pid_test_slow(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	void *p;
+
+	rcu_read_lock();
+	p = radix_tree_lookup(&au_sbi(sb)->au_si_pid.tree, current->pid);
+	rcu_read_unlock();
+
+	return (long)!!p;
+}
+
+void si_pid_set_slow(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+
+	AuDebugOn(si_pid_test_slow(sb));
+
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	err = radix_tree_preload(GFP_NOFS | __GFP_NOFAIL);
+	AuDebugOn(err);
+	spin_lock(&sbinfo->au_si_pid.tree_lock);
+	err = radix_tree_insert(&sbinfo->au_si_pid.tree, current->pid,
+				/*any valid ptr*/sb);
+	spin_unlock(&sbinfo->au_si_pid.tree_lock);
+	AuDebugOn(err);
+	radix_tree_preload_end();
+}
+
+void si_pid_clr_slow(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	void *p;
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+
+	AuDebugOn(!si_pid_test_slow(sb));
+
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	spin_lock(&sbinfo->au_si_pid.tree_lock);
+	p = radix_tree_delete(&sbinfo->au_si_pid.tree, current->pid);
+	spin_unlock(&sbinfo->au_si_pid.tree_lock);
+}
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/spl.h b/ubuntu/aufs/spl.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..743a3076207c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/spl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * simple list protected by a spinlock
+ */
+
+#ifndef __AUFS_SPL_H__
+#define __AUFS_SPL_H__
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+
+struct au_splhead {
+	spinlock_t		spin;
+	struct list_head	head;
+};
+
+static inline void au_spl_init(struct au_splhead *spl)
+{
+	spin_lock_init(&spl->spin);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&spl->head);
+}
+
+static inline void au_spl_add(struct list_head *list, struct au_splhead *spl)
+{
+	spin_lock(&spl->spin);
+	list_add(list, &spl->head);
+	spin_unlock(&spl->spin);
+}
+
+static inline void au_spl_del(struct list_head *list, struct au_splhead *spl)
+{
+	spin_lock(&spl->spin);
+	list_del(list);
+	spin_unlock(&spl->spin);
+}
+
+static inline void au_spl_del_rcu(struct list_head *list,
+				  struct au_splhead *spl)
+{
+	spin_lock(&spl->spin);
+	list_del_rcu(list);
+	spin_unlock(&spl->spin);
+}
+
+#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
+#endif /* __AUFS_SPL_H__ */
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/super.c b/ubuntu/aufs/super.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c798792b74e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/super.c
@@ -0,0 +1,938 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * mount and super_block operations
+ */
+
+#include <linux/mm.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/seq_file.h>
+#include <linux/statfs.h>
+#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
+#include <linux/writeback.h>
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+/*
+ * super_operations
+ */
+static struct inode *aufs_alloc_inode(struct super_block *sb __maybe_unused)
+{
+	struct au_icntnr *c;
+
+	c = au_cache_alloc_icntnr();
+	if (c) {
+		au_icntnr_init(c);
+		c->vfs_inode.i_version = 1; /* sigen(sb); */
+		c->iinfo.ii_hinode = NULL;
+		return &c->vfs_inode;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static void aufs_destroy_inode_cb(struct rcu_head *head)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = container_of(head, struct inode, i_rcu);
+
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&inode->i_dentry);
+	au_cache_free_icntnr(container_of(inode, struct au_icntnr, vfs_inode));
+}
+
+static void aufs_destroy_inode(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	au_iinfo_fin(inode);
+	call_rcu(&inode->i_rcu, aufs_destroy_inode_cb);
+}
+
+struct inode *au_iget_locked(struct super_block *sb, ino_t ino)
+{
+	struct inode *inode;
+	int err;
+
+	inode = iget_locked(sb, ino);
+	if (unlikely(!inode)) {
+		inode = ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+		goto out;
+	}
+	if (!(inode->i_state & I_NEW))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = au_xigen_new(inode);
+	if (!err)
+		err = au_iinfo_init(inode);
+	if (!err)
+		inode->i_version++;
+	else {
+		iget_failed(inode);
+		inode = ERR_PTR(err);
+	}
+
+out:
+	/* never return NULL */
+	AuDebugOn(!inode);
+	AuTraceErrPtr(inode);
+	return inode;
+}
+
+/* lock free root dinfo */
+static int au_show_brs(struct seq_file *seq, struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, bend;
+	struct path path;
+	struct au_hdentry *hdp;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+	char *perm;
+
+	err = 0;
+	bend = au_sbend(sb);
+	hdp = au_di(sb->s_root)->di_hdentry;
+	for (bindex = 0; !err && bindex <= bend; bindex++) {
+		br = au_sbr(sb, bindex);
+		path.mnt = br->br_mnt;
+		path.dentry = hdp[bindex].hd_dentry;
+		err = au_seq_path(seq, &path);
+		if (err > 0) {
+			perm = au_optstr_br_perm(br->br_perm);
+			if (perm) {
+				err = seq_printf(seq, "=%s", perm);
+				kfree(perm);
+				if (err == -1)
+					err = -E2BIG;
+			} else
+				err = -ENOMEM;
+		}
+		if (!err && bindex != bend)
+			err = seq_putc(seq, ':');
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static void au_show_wbr_create(struct seq_file *m, int v,
+			       struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo)
+{
+	const char *pat;
+
+	AuRwMustAnyLock(&sbinfo->si_rwsem);
+
+	seq_printf(m, ",create=");
+	pat = au_optstr_wbr_create(v);
+	switch (v) {
+	case AuWbrCreate_TDP:
+	case AuWbrCreate_RR:
+	case AuWbrCreate_MFS:
+	case AuWbrCreate_PMFS:
+		seq_printf(m, pat);
+		break;
+	case AuWbrCreate_MFSV:
+		seq_printf(m, /*pat*/"mfs:%lu",
+			   jiffies_to_msecs(sbinfo->si_wbr_mfs.mfs_expire)
+			   / MSEC_PER_SEC);
+		break;
+	case AuWbrCreate_PMFSV:
+		seq_printf(m, /*pat*/"pmfs:%lu",
+			   jiffies_to_msecs(sbinfo->si_wbr_mfs.mfs_expire)
+			   / MSEC_PER_SEC);
+		break;
+	case AuWbrCreate_MFSRR:
+		seq_printf(m, /*pat*/"mfsrr:%llu",
+			   sbinfo->si_wbr_mfs.mfsrr_watermark);
+		break;
+	case AuWbrCreate_MFSRRV:
+		seq_printf(m, /*pat*/"mfsrr:%llu:%lu",
+			   sbinfo->si_wbr_mfs.mfsrr_watermark,
+			   jiffies_to_msecs(sbinfo->si_wbr_mfs.mfs_expire)
+			   / MSEC_PER_SEC);
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+static int au_show_xino(struct seq_file *seq, struct vfsmount *mnt)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS
+	return 0;
+#else
+	int err;
+	const int len = sizeof(AUFS_XINO_FNAME) - 1;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, brid;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct qstr *name;
+	struct file *f;
+	struct dentry *d, *h_root;
+	struct au_hdentry *hdp;
+
+	AuRwMustAnyLock(&sbinfo->si_rwsem);
+
+	err = 0;
+	sb = mnt->mnt_sb;
+	f = au_sbi(sb)->si_xib;
+	if (!f)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* stop printing the default xino path on the first writable branch */
+	h_root = NULL;
+	brid = au_xino_brid(sb);
+	if (brid >= 0) {
+		bindex = au_br_index(sb, brid);
+		hdp = au_di(sb->s_root)->di_hdentry;
+		h_root = hdp[0 + bindex].hd_dentry;
+	}
+	d = f->f_dentry;
+	name = &d->d_name;
+	/* safe ->d_parent because the file is unlinked */
+	if (d->d_parent == h_root
+	    && name->len == len
+	    && !memcmp(name->name, AUFS_XINO_FNAME, len))
+		goto out;
+
+	seq_puts(seq, ",xino=");
+	err = au_xino_path(seq, f);
+
+out:
+	return err;
+#endif
+}
+
+/* seq_file will re-call me in case of too long string */
+static int aufs_show_options(struct seq_file *m, struct vfsmount *mnt)
+{
+	int err;
+	unsigned int mnt_flags, v;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+
+#define AuBool(name, str) do { \
+	v = au_opt_test(mnt_flags, name); \
+	if (v != au_opt_test(AuOpt_Def, name)) \
+		seq_printf(m, ",%s" #str, v ? "" : "no"); \
+} while (0)
+
+#define AuStr(name, str) do { \
+	v = mnt_flags & AuOptMask_##name; \
+	if (v != (AuOpt_Def & AuOptMask_##name)) \
+		seq_printf(m, "," #str "=%s", au_optstr_##str(v)); \
+} while (0)
+
+#define AuUInt(name, str, val) do { \
+	if (val != AUFS_##name##_DEF) \
+		seq_printf(m, "," #str "=%u", val); \
+} while (0)
+
+	/* lock free root dinfo */
+	sb = mnt->mnt_sb;
+	si_noflush_read_lock(sb);
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	seq_printf(m, ",si=%lx", sysaufs_si_id(sbinfo));
+
+	mnt_flags = au_mntflags(sb);
+	if (au_opt_test(mnt_flags, XINO)) {
+		err = au_show_xino(m, mnt);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out;
+	} else
+		seq_puts(m, ",noxino");
+
+	AuBool(TRUNC_XINO, trunc_xino);
+	AuStr(UDBA, udba);
+	AuBool(SHWH, shwh);
+	AuBool(PLINK, plink);
+	AuBool(DIO, dio);
+	/* AuBool(DIRPERM1, dirperm1); */
+	/* AuBool(REFROF, refrof); */
+
+	v = sbinfo->si_wbr_create;
+	if (v != AuWbrCreate_Def)
+		au_show_wbr_create(m, v, sbinfo);
+
+	v = sbinfo->si_wbr_copyup;
+	if (v != AuWbrCopyup_Def)
+		seq_printf(m, ",cpup=%s", au_optstr_wbr_copyup(v));
+
+	v = au_opt_test(mnt_flags, ALWAYS_DIROPQ);
+	if (v != au_opt_test(AuOpt_Def, ALWAYS_DIROPQ))
+		seq_printf(m, ",diropq=%c", v ? 'a' : 'w');
+
+	AuUInt(DIRWH, dirwh, sbinfo->si_dirwh);
+
+	v = jiffies_to_msecs(sbinfo->si_rdcache) / MSEC_PER_SEC;
+	AuUInt(RDCACHE, rdcache, v);
+
+	AuUInt(RDBLK, rdblk, sbinfo->si_rdblk);
+	AuUInt(RDHASH, rdhash, sbinfo->si_rdhash);
+
+	AuBool(SUM, sum);
+	/* AuBool(SUM_W, wsum); */
+	AuBool(WARN_PERM, warn_perm);
+	AuBool(VERBOSE, verbose);
+
+out:
+	/* be sure to print "br:" last */
+	if (!sysaufs_brs) {
+		seq_puts(m, ",br:");
+		au_show_brs(m, sb);
+	}
+	si_read_unlock(sb);
+	return 0;
+
+#undef AuBool
+#undef AuStr
+#undef AuUInt
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* sum mode which returns the summation for statfs(2) */
+
+static u64 au_add_till_max(u64 a, u64 b)
+{
+	u64 old;
+
+	old = a;
+	a += b;
+	if (old < a)
+		return a;
+	return ULLONG_MAX;
+}
+
+static int au_statfs_sum(struct super_block *sb, struct kstatfs *buf)
+{
+	int err;
+	u64 blocks, bfree, bavail, files, ffree;
+	aufs_bindex_t bend, bindex, i;
+	unsigned char shared;
+	struct path h_path;
+	struct super_block *h_sb;
+
+	blocks = 0;
+	bfree = 0;
+	bavail = 0;
+	files = 0;
+	ffree = 0;
+
+	err = 0;
+	bend = au_sbend(sb);
+	for (bindex = bend; bindex >= 0; bindex--) {
+		h_path.mnt = au_sbr_mnt(sb, bindex);
+		h_sb = h_path.mnt->mnt_sb;
+		shared = 0;
+		for (i = bindex + 1; !shared && i <= bend; i++)
+			shared = (au_sbr_sb(sb, i) == h_sb);
+		if (shared)
+			continue;
+
+		/* sb->s_root for NFS is unreliable */
+		h_path.dentry = h_path.mnt->mnt_root;
+		err = vfs_statfs(&h_path, buf);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out;
+
+		blocks = au_add_till_max(blocks, buf->f_blocks);
+		bfree = au_add_till_max(bfree, buf->f_bfree);
+		bavail = au_add_till_max(bavail, buf->f_bavail);
+		files = au_add_till_max(files, buf->f_files);
+		ffree = au_add_till_max(ffree, buf->f_ffree);
+	}
+
+	buf->f_blocks = blocks;
+	buf->f_bfree = bfree;
+	buf->f_bavail = bavail;
+	buf->f_files = files;
+	buf->f_ffree = ffree;
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int aufs_statfs(struct dentry *dentry, struct kstatfs *buf)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct path h_path;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+
+	/* lock free root dinfo */
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	si_noflush_read_lock(sb);
+	if (!au_opt_test(au_mntflags(sb), SUM)) {
+		/* sb->s_root for NFS is unreliable */
+		h_path.mnt = au_sbr_mnt(sb, 0);
+		h_path.dentry = h_path.mnt->mnt_root;
+		err = vfs_statfs(&h_path, buf);
+	} else
+		err = au_statfs_sum(sb, buf);
+	si_read_unlock(sb);
+
+	if (!err) {
+		buf->f_type = AUFS_SUPER_MAGIC;
+		buf->f_namelen = AUFS_MAX_NAMELEN;
+		memset(&buf->f_fsid, 0, sizeof(buf->f_fsid));
+	}
+	/* buf->f_bsize = buf->f_blocks = buf->f_bfree = buf->f_bavail = -1; */
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* final actions when unmounting a file system */
+static void aufs_put_super(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	if (!sbinfo)
+		return;
+
+	dbgaufs_si_fin(sbinfo);
+	kobject_put(&sbinfo->si_kobj);
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+void au_array_free(void *array)
+{
+	if (array) {
+		if (!is_vmalloc_addr(array))
+			kfree(array);
+		else
+			vfree(array);
+	}
+}
+
+void *au_array_alloc(unsigned long long *hint, au_arraycb_t cb, void *arg)
+{
+	void *array;
+	unsigned long long n;
+
+	array = NULL;
+	n = 0;
+	if (!*hint)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (*hint > ULLONG_MAX / sizeof(array)) {
+		array = ERR_PTR(-EMFILE);
+		pr_err("hint %llu\n", *hint);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	array = kmalloc(sizeof(array) * *hint, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(!array))
+		array = vmalloc(sizeof(array) * *hint);
+	if (unlikely(!array)) {
+		array = ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	n = cb(array, *hint, arg);
+	AuDebugOn(n > *hint);
+
+out:
+	*hint = n;
+	return array;
+}
+
+static unsigned long long au_iarray_cb(void *a,
+				       unsigned long long max __maybe_unused,
+				       void *arg)
+{
+	unsigned long long n;
+	struct inode **p, *inode;
+	struct list_head *head;
+
+	n = 0;
+	p = a;
+	head = arg;
+	spin_lock(&inode_sb_list_lock);
+	list_for_each_entry(inode, head, i_sb_list) {
+		if (!is_bad_inode(inode)
+		    && au_ii(inode)->ii_bstart >= 0) {
+			spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
+			if (atomic_read(&inode->i_count)) {
+				au_igrab(inode);
+				*p++ = inode;
+				n++;
+				AuDebugOn(n > max);
+			}
+			spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
+		}
+	}
+	spin_unlock(&inode_sb_list_lock);
+
+	return n;
+}
+
+struct inode **au_iarray_alloc(struct super_block *sb, unsigned long long *max)
+{
+	*max = atomic_long_read(&au_sbi(sb)->si_ninodes);
+	return au_array_alloc(max, au_iarray_cb, &sb->s_inodes);
+}
+
+void au_iarray_free(struct inode **a, unsigned long long max)
+{
+	unsigned long long ull;
+
+	for (ull = 0; ull < max; ull++)
+		iput(a[ull]);
+	au_array_free(a);
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/*
+ * refresh dentry and inode at remount time.
+ */
+/* todo: consolidate with simple_reval_dpath() and au_reval_for_attr() */
+static int au_do_refresh(struct dentry *dentry, unsigned int dir_flags,
+		      struct dentry *parent)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	di_write_lock_child(dentry);
+	di_read_lock_parent(parent, AuLock_IR);
+	err = au_refresh_dentry(dentry, parent);
+	if (!err && dir_flags)
+		au_hn_reset(dentry->d_inode, dir_flags);
+	di_read_unlock(parent, AuLock_IR);
+	di_write_unlock(dentry);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int au_do_refresh_d(struct dentry *dentry, unsigned int sigen,
+			   struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo,
+			   const unsigned int dir_flags)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct dentry *parent;
+	struct inode *inode;
+
+	err = 0;
+	parent = dget_parent(dentry);
+	if (!au_digen_test(parent, sigen) && au_digen_test(dentry, sigen)) {
+		inode = dentry->d_inode;
+		if (inode) {
+			if (!S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
+				err = au_do_refresh(dentry, /*dir_flags*/0,
+						 parent);
+			else {
+				err = au_do_refresh(dentry, dir_flags, parent);
+				if (unlikely(err))
+					au_fset_si(sbinfo, FAILED_REFRESH_DIR);
+			}
+		} else
+			err = au_do_refresh(dentry, /*dir_flags*/0, parent);
+		AuDbgDentry(dentry);
+	}
+	dput(parent);
+
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int au_refresh_d(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	int err, i, j, ndentry, e;
+	unsigned int sigen;
+	struct au_dcsub_pages dpages;
+	struct au_dpage *dpage;
+	struct dentry **dentries, *d;
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+	struct dentry *root = sb->s_root;
+	const unsigned int dir_flags = au_hi_flags(root->d_inode, /*isdir*/1);
+
+	err = au_dpages_init(&dpages, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+	err = au_dcsub_pages(&dpages, root, NULL, NULL);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_dpages;
+
+	sigen = au_sigen(sb);
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	for (i = 0; i < dpages.ndpage; i++) {
+		dpage = dpages.dpages + i;
+		dentries = dpage->dentries;
+		ndentry = dpage->ndentry;
+		for (j = 0; j < ndentry; j++) {
+			d = dentries[j];
+			e = au_do_refresh_d(d, sigen, sbinfo, dir_flags);
+			if (unlikely(e && !err))
+				err = e;
+			/* go on even err */
+		}
+	}
+
+out_dpages:
+	au_dpages_free(&dpages);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int au_refresh_i(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	int err, e;
+	unsigned int sigen;
+	unsigned long long max, ull;
+	struct inode *inode, **array;
+
+	array = au_iarray_alloc(sb, &max);
+	err = PTR_ERR(array);
+	if (IS_ERR(array))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = 0;
+	sigen = au_sigen(sb);
+	for (ull = 0; ull < max; ull++) {
+		inode = array[ull];
+		if (au_iigen(inode) != sigen) {
+			ii_write_lock_child(inode);
+			e = au_refresh_hinode_self(inode);
+			ii_write_unlock(inode);
+			if (unlikely(e)) {
+				pr_err("error %d, i%lu\n", e, inode->i_ino);
+				if (!err)
+					err = e;
+				/* go on even if err */
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	au_iarray_free(array, max);
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static void au_remount_refresh(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	int err, e;
+	unsigned int udba;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, bend;
+	struct dentry *root;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+
+	au_sigen_inc(sb);
+	au_fclr_si(au_sbi(sb), FAILED_REFRESH_DIR);
+
+	root = sb->s_root;
+	DiMustNoWaiters(root);
+	inode = root->d_inode;
+	IiMustNoWaiters(inode);
+
+	udba = au_opt_udba(sb);
+	bend = au_sbend(sb);
+	for (bindex = 0; bindex <= bend; bindex++) {
+		br = au_sbr(sb, bindex);
+		err = au_hnotify_reset_br(udba, br, br->br_perm);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			AuIOErr("hnotify failed on br %d, %d, ignored\n",
+				bindex, err);
+		/* go on even if err */
+	}
+	au_hn_reset(inode, au_hi_flags(inode, /*isdir*/1));
+
+	di_write_unlock(root);
+	err = au_refresh_d(sb);
+	e = au_refresh_i(sb);
+	if (unlikely(e && !err))
+		err = e;
+	/* aufs_write_lock() calls ..._child() */
+	di_write_lock_child(root);
+
+	au_cpup_attr_all(inode, /*force*/1);
+
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		AuIOErr("refresh failed, ignored, %d\n", err);
+}
+
+/* stop extra interpretation of errno in mount(8), and strange error messages */
+static int cvt_err(int err)
+{
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+
+	switch (err) {
+	case -ENOENT:
+	case -ENOTDIR:
+	case -EEXIST:
+	case -EIO:
+		err = -EINVAL;
+	}
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int aufs_remount_fs(struct super_block *sb, int *flags, char *data)
+{
+	int err, do_dx;
+	unsigned int mntflags;
+	struct au_opts opts;
+	struct dentry *root;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+
+	err = 0;
+	root = sb->s_root;
+	if (!data || !*data) {
+		err = si_write_lock(sb, AuLock_FLUSH | AuLock_NOPLM);
+		if (!err) {
+			di_write_lock_child(root);
+			err = au_opts_verify(sb, *flags, /*pending*/0);
+			aufs_write_unlock(root);
+		}
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
+	opts.opt = (void *)__get_free_page(GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(!opts.opt))
+		goto out;
+	opts.max_opt = PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(*opts.opt);
+	opts.flags = AuOpts_REMOUNT;
+	opts.sb_flags = *flags;
+
+	/* parse it before aufs lock */
+	err = au_opts_parse(sb, data, &opts);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_opts;
+
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	inode = root->d_inode;
+	mutex_lock(&inode->i_mutex);
+	err = si_write_lock(sb, AuLock_FLUSH | AuLock_NOPLM);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_mtx;
+	di_write_lock_child(root);
+
+	/* au_opts_remount() may return an error */
+	err = au_opts_remount(sb, &opts);
+	au_opts_free(&opts);
+
+	if (au_ftest_opts(opts.flags, REFRESH))
+		au_remount_refresh(sb);
+
+	if (au_ftest_opts(opts.flags, REFRESH_DYAOP)) {
+		mntflags = au_mntflags(sb);
+		do_dx = !!au_opt_test(mntflags, DIO);
+		au_dy_arefresh(do_dx);
+	}
+
+	aufs_write_unlock(root);
+
+out_mtx:
+	mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
+out_opts:
+	free_page((unsigned long)opts.opt);
+out:
+	err = cvt_err(err);
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static const struct super_operations aufs_sop = {
+	.alloc_inode	= aufs_alloc_inode,
+	.destroy_inode	= aufs_destroy_inode,
+	/* always deleting, no clearing */
+	.drop_inode	= generic_delete_inode,
+	.show_options	= aufs_show_options,
+	.statfs		= aufs_statfs,
+	.put_super	= aufs_put_super,
+	.remount_fs	= aufs_remount_fs
+};
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static int alloc_root(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct dentry *root;
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	inode = au_iget_locked(sb, AUFS_ROOT_INO);
+	err = PTR_ERR(inode);
+	if (IS_ERR(inode))
+		goto out;
+
+	inode->i_op = &aufs_dir_iop;
+	inode->i_fop = &aufs_dir_fop;
+	inode->i_mode = S_IFDIR;
+	set_nlink(inode, 2);
+	unlock_new_inode(inode);
+
+	root = d_alloc_root(inode);
+	if (unlikely(!root))
+		goto out_iput;
+	err = PTR_ERR(root);
+	if (IS_ERR(root))
+		goto out_iput;
+
+	err = au_di_init(root);
+	if (!err) {
+		sb->s_root = root;
+		return 0; /* success */
+	}
+	dput(root);
+	goto out; /* do not iput */
+
+out_iput:
+	iget_failed(inode);
+out:
+	return err;
+
+}
+
+static int aufs_fill_super(struct super_block *sb, void *raw_data,
+			   int silent __maybe_unused)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct au_opts opts;
+	struct dentry *root;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	char *arg = raw_data;
+
+	if (unlikely(!arg || !*arg)) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		pr_err("no arg\n");
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
+	opts.opt = (void *)__get_free_page(GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(!opts.opt))
+		goto out;
+	opts.max_opt = PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(*opts.opt);
+	opts.sb_flags = sb->s_flags;
+
+	err = au_si_alloc(sb);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_opts;
+
+	/* all timestamps always follow the ones on the branch */
+	sb->s_flags |= MS_NOATIME | MS_NODIRATIME;
+	sb->s_op = &aufs_sop;
+	sb->s_d_op = &aufs_dop;
+	sb->s_magic = AUFS_SUPER_MAGIC;
+	sb->s_maxbytes = 0;
+	au_export_init(sb);
+
+	err = alloc_root(sb);
+	if (unlikely(err)) {
+		si_write_unlock(sb);
+		goto out_info;
+	}
+	root = sb->s_root;
+	inode = root->d_inode;
+
+	/*
+	 * actually we can parse options regardless aufs lock here.
+	 * but at remount time, parsing must be done before aufs lock.
+	 * so we follow the same rule.
+	 */
+	ii_write_lock_parent(inode);
+	aufs_write_unlock(root);
+	err = au_opts_parse(sb, arg, &opts);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_root;
+
+	/* lock vfs_inode first, then aufs. */
+	mutex_lock(&inode->i_mutex);
+	aufs_write_lock(root);
+	err = au_opts_mount(sb, &opts);
+	au_opts_free(&opts);
+	aufs_write_unlock(root);
+	mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
+	if (!err)
+		goto out_opts; /* success */
+
+out_root:
+	dput(root);
+	sb->s_root = NULL;
+out_info:
+	dbgaufs_si_fin(au_sbi(sb));
+	kobject_put(&au_sbi(sb)->si_kobj);
+	sb->s_fs_info = NULL;
+out_opts:
+	free_page((unsigned long)opts.opt);
+out:
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	err = cvt_err(err);
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static struct dentry *aufs_mount(struct file_system_type *fs_type, int flags,
+				 const char *dev_name __maybe_unused,
+				 void *raw_data)
+{
+	struct dentry *root;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+
+	/* all timestamps always follow the ones on the branch */
+	/* mnt->mnt_flags |= MNT_NOATIME | MNT_NODIRATIME; */
+	root = mount_nodev(fs_type, flags, raw_data, aufs_fill_super);
+	if (IS_ERR(root))
+		goto out;
+
+	sb = root->d_sb;
+	si_write_lock(sb, !AuLock_FLUSH);
+	sysaufs_brs_add(sb, 0);
+	si_write_unlock(sb);
+	au_sbilist_add(sb);
+
+out:
+	return root;
+}
+
+static void aufs_kill_sb(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	if (sbinfo) {
+		au_sbilist_del(sb);
+		aufs_write_lock(sb->s_root);
+		if (sbinfo->si_wbr_create_ops->fin)
+			sbinfo->si_wbr_create_ops->fin(sb);
+		if (au_opt_test(sbinfo->si_mntflags, UDBA_HNOTIFY)) {
+			au_opt_set_udba(sbinfo->si_mntflags, UDBA_NONE);
+			au_remount_refresh(sb);
+		}
+		if (au_opt_test(sbinfo->si_mntflags, PLINK))
+			au_plink_put(sb, /*verbose*/1);
+		au_xino_clr(sb);
+		sbinfo->si_sb = NULL;
+		aufs_write_unlock(sb->s_root);
+		au_nwt_flush(&sbinfo->si_nowait);
+	}
+	generic_shutdown_super(sb);
+}
+
+struct file_system_type aufs_fs_type = {
+	.name		= AUFS_FSTYPE,
+	.fs_flags	=
+		FS_RENAME_DOES_D_MOVE	/* a race between rename and others */
+		| FS_REVAL_DOT,		/* for NFS branch and udba */
+	.mount		= aufs_mount,
+	.kill_sb	= aufs_kill_sb,
+	/* no need to __module_get() and module_put(). */
+	.owner		= THIS_MODULE,
+};
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/super.h b/ubuntu/aufs/super.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9967dee0a50e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/super.h
@@ -0,0 +1,546 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * super_block operations
+ */
+
+#ifndef __AUFS_SUPER_H__
+#define __AUFS_SUPER_H__
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include "rwsem.h"
+#include "spl.h"
+#include "wkq.h"
+
+typedef ssize_t (*au_readf_t)(struct file *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
+typedef ssize_t (*au_writef_t)(struct file *, const char __user *, size_t,
+			       loff_t *);
+
+/* policies to select one among multiple writable branches */
+struct au_wbr_copyup_operations {
+	int (*copyup)(struct dentry *dentry);
+};
+
+struct au_wbr_create_operations {
+	int (*create)(struct dentry *dentry, int isdir);
+	int (*init)(struct super_block *sb);
+	int (*fin)(struct super_block *sb);
+};
+
+struct au_wbr_mfs {
+	struct mutex	mfs_lock; /* protect this structure */
+	unsigned long	mfs_jiffy;
+	unsigned long	mfs_expire;
+	aufs_bindex_t	mfs_bindex;
+
+	unsigned long long	mfsrr_bytes;
+	unsigned long long	mfsrr_watermark;
+};
+
+struct au_branch;
+struct au_sbinfo {
+	/* nowait tasks in the system-wide workqueue */
+	struct au_nowait_tasks	si_nowait;
+
+	/*
+	 * tried sb->s_umount, but failed due to the dependecy between i_mutex.
+	 * rwsem for au_sbinfo is necessary.
+	 */
+	struct au_rwsem		si_rwsem;
+
+	/* prevent recursive locking in deleting inode */
+	struct {
+		unsigned long		*bitmap;
+		spinlock_t		tree_lock;
+		struct radix_tree_root	tree;
+	} au_si_pid;
+
+	/*
+	 * dirty approach to protect sb->sb_inodes and ->s_files from remount.
+	 */
+	atomic_long_t		si_ninodes, si_nfiles;
+
+	/* branch management */
+	unsigned int		si_generation;
+
+	/* see above flags */
+	unsigned char		au_si_status;
+
+	aufs_bindex_t		si_bend;
+
+	/* dirty trick to keep br_id plus */
+	unsigned int		si_last_br_id :
+				sizeof(aufs_bindex_t) * BITS_PER_BYTE - 1;
+	struct au_branch	**si_branch;
+
+	/* policy to select a writable branch */
+	unsigned char		si_wbr_copyup;
+	unsigned char		si_wbr_create;
+	struct au_wbr_copyup_operations *si_wbr_copyup_ops;
+	struct au_wbr_create_operations *si_wbr_create_ops;
+
+	/* round robin */
+	atomic_t		si_wbr_rr_next;
+
+	/* most free space */
+	struct au_wbr_mfs	si_wbr_mfs;
+
+	/* mount flags */
+	/* include/asm-ia64/siginfo.h defines a macro named si_flags */
+	unsigned int		si_mntflags;
+
+	/* external inode number (bitmap and translation table) */
+	au_readf_t		si_xread;
+	au_writef_t		si_xwrite;
+	struct file		*si_xib;
+	struct mutex		si_xib_mtx; /* protect xib members */
+	unsigned long		*si_xib_buf;
+	unsigned long		si_xib_last_pindex;
+	int			si_xib_next_bit;
+	aufs_bindex_t		si_xino_brid;
+	/* reserved for future use */
+	/* unsigned long long	si_xib_limit; */	/* Max xib file size */
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_EXPORT
+	/* i_generation */
+	struct file		*si_xigen;
+	atomic_t		si_xigen_next;
+#endif
+
+	/* vdir parameters */
+	unsigned long		si_rdcache;	/* max cache time in jiffies */
+	unsigned int		si_rdblk;	/* deblk size */
+	unsigned int		si_rdhash;	/* hash size */
+
+	/*
+	 * If the number of whiteouts are larger than si_dirwh, leave all of
+	 * them after au_whtmp_ren to reduce the cost of rmdir(2).
+	 * future fsck.aufs or kernel thread will remove them later.
+	 * Otherwise, remove all whiteouts and the dir in rmdir(2).
+	 */
+	unsigned int		si_dirwh;
+
+	/*
+	 * rename(2) a directory with all children.
+	 */
+	/* reserved for future use */
+	/* int			si_rendir; */
+
+	/* pseudo_link list */
+	struct au_splhead	si_plink;
+	wait_queue_head_t	si_plink_wq;
+	spinlock_t		si_plink_maint_lock;
+	pid_t			si_plink_maint_pid;
+
+	/*
+	 * sysfs and lifetime management.
+	 * this is not a small structure and it may be a waste of memory in case
+	 * of sysfs is disabled, particulary when many aufs-es are mounted.
+	 * but using sysfs is majority.
+	 */
+	struct kobject		si_kobj;
+#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FS
+	struct dentry		 *si_dbgaufs, *si_dbgaufs_xib;
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_EXPORT
+	struct dentry		 *si_dbgaufs_xigen;
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_SBILIST
+	struct list_head	si_list;
+#endif
+
+	/* dirty, necessary for unmounting, sysfs and sysrq */
+	struct super_block	*si_sb;
+};
+
+/* sbinfo status flags */
+/*
+ * set true when refresh_dirs() failed at remount time.
+ * then try refreshing dirs at access time again.
+ * if it is false, refreshing dirs at access time is unnecesary
+ */
+#define AuSi_FAILED_REFRESH_DIR	1
+static inline unsigned char au_do_ftest_si(struct au_sbinfo *sbi,
+					   unsigned int flag)
+{
+	AuRwMustAnyLock(&sbi->si_rwsem);
+	return sbi->au_si_status & flag;
+}
+#define au_ftest_si(sbinfo, name)	au_do_ftest_si(sbinfo, AuSi_##name)
+#define au_fset_si(sbinfo, name) do { \
+	AuRwMustWriteLock(&(sbinfo)->si_rwsem); \
+	(sbinfo)->au_si_status |= AuSi_##name; \
+} while (0)
+#define au_fclr_si(sbinfo, name) do { \
+	AuRwMustWriteLock(&(sbinfo)->si_rwsem); \
+	(sbinfo)->au_si_status &= ~AuSi_##name; \
+} while (0)
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* policy to select one among writable branches */
+#define AuWbrCopyup(sbinfo, ...) \
+	((sbinfo)->si_wbr_copyup_ops->copyup(__VA_ARGS__))
+#define AuWbrCreate(sbinfo, ...) \
+	((sbinfo)->si_wbr_create_ops->create(__VA_ARGS__))
+
+/* flags for si_read_lock()/aufs_read_lock()/di_read_lock() */
+#define AuLock_DW		1		/* write-lock dentry */
+#define AuLock_IR		(1 << 1)	/* read-lock inode */
+#define AuLock_IW		(1 << 2)	/* write-lock inode */
+#define AuLock_FLUSH		(1 << 3)	/* wait for 'nowait' tasks */
+#define AuLock_DIR		(1 << 4)	/* target is a dir */
+#define AuLock_NOPLM		(1 << 5)	/* return err in plm mode */
+#define AuLock_NOPLMW		(1 << 6)	/* wait for plm mode ends */
+#define AuLock_GEN		(1 << 7)	/* test digen/iigen */
+#define au_ftest_lock(flags, name)	((flags) & AuLock_##name)
+#define au_fset_lock(flags, name) \
+	do { (flags) |= AuLock_##name; } while (0)
+#define au_fclr_lock(flags, name) \
+	do { (flags) &= ~AuLock_##name; } while (0)
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* super.c */
+extern struct file_system_type aufs_fs_type;
+struct inode *au_iget_locked(struct super_block *sb, ino_t ino);
+typedef unsigned long long (*au_arraycb_t)(void *array, unsigned long long max,
+					   void *arg);
+void au_array_free(void *array);
+void *au_array_alloc(unsigned long long *hint, au_arraycb_t cb, void *arg);
+struct inode **au_iarray_alloc(struct super_block *sb, unsigned long long *max);
+void au_iarray_free(struct inode **a, unsigned long long max);
+
+/* sbinfo.c */
+void au_si_free(struct kobject *kobj);
+int au_si_alloc(struct super_block *sb);
+int au_sbr_realloc(struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo, int nbr);
+
+unsigned int au_sigen_inc(struct super_block *sb);
+aufs_bindex_t au_new_br_id(struct super_block *sb);
+
+int si_read_lock(struct super_block *sb, int flags);
+int si_write_lock(struct super_block *sb, int flags);
+int aufs_read_lock(struct dentry *dentry, int flags);
+void aufs_read_unlock(struct dentry *dentry, int flags);
+void aufs_write_lock(struct dentry *dentry);
+void aufs_write_unlock(struct dentry *dentry);
+int aufs_read_and_write_lock2(struct dentry *d1, struct dentry *d2, int flags);
+void aufs_read_and_write_unlock2(struct dentry *d1, struct dentry *d2);
+
+int si_pid_test_slow(struct super_block *sb);
+void si_pid_set_slow(struct super_block *sb);
+void si_pid_clr_slow(struct super_block *sb);
+
+/* wbr_policy.c */
+extern struct au_wbr_copyup_operations au_wbr_copyup_ops[];
+extern struct au_wbr_create_operations au_wbr_create_ops[];
+int au_cpdown_dirs(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bdst);
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static inline struct au_sbinfo *au_sbi(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	return sb->s_fs_info;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_EXPORT
+void au_export_init(struct super_block *sb);
+
+static inline int au_test_nfsd(void)
+{
+	struct task_struct *tsk = current;
+
+	return (tsk->flags & PF_KTHREAD)
+		&& !strcmp(tsk->comm, "nfsd");
+}
+
+void au_xigen_inc(struct inode *inode);
+int au_xigen_new(struct inode *inode);
+int au_xigen_set(struct super_block *sb, struct file *base);
+void au_xigen_clr(struct super_block *sb);
+
+static inline int au_busy_or_stale(void)
+{
+	if (!au_test_nfsd())
+		return -EBUSY;
+	return -ESTALE;
+}
+#else
+AuStubVoid(au_export_init, struct super_block *sb)
+AuStubInt0(au_test_nfsd, void)
+AuStubVoid(au_xigen_inc, struct inode *inode)
+AuStubInt0(au_xigen_new, struct inode *inode)
+AuStubInt0(au_xigen_set, struct super_block *sb, struct file *base)
+AuStubVoid(au_xigen_clr, struct super_block *sb)
+static inline int au_busy_or_stale(void)
+{
+	return -EBUSY;
+}
+#endif /* CONFIG_AUFS_EXPORT */
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_SBILIST
+/* module.c */
+extern struct au_splhead au_sbilist;
+
+static inline void au_sbilist_init(void)
+{
+	au_spl_init(&au_sbilist);
+}
+
+static inline void au_sbilist_add(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	au_spl_add(&au_sbi(sb)->si_list, &au_sbilist);
+}
+
+static inline void au_sbilist_del(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	au_spl_del(&au_sbi(sb)->si_list, &au_sbilist);
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_MAGIC_SYSRQ
+static inline void au_sbilist_lock(void)
+{
+	spin_lock(&au_sbilist.spin);
+}
+
+static inline void au_sbilist_unlock(void)
+{
+	spin_unlock(&au_sbilist.spin);
+}
+#define AuGFP_SBILIST	GFP_ATOMIC
+#else
+AuStubVoid(au_sbilist_lock, void)
+AuStubVoid(au_sbilist_unlock, void)
+#define AuGFP_SBILIST	GFP_NOFS
+#endif /* CONFIG_AUFS_MAGIC_SYSRQ */
+#else
+AuStubVoid(au_sbilist_init, void)
+AuStubVoid(au_sbilist_add, struct super_block*)
+AuStubVoid(au_sbilist_del, struct super_block*)
+AuStubVoid(au_sbilist_lock, void)
+AuStubVoid(au_sbilist_unlock, void)
+#define AuGFP_SBILIST	GFP_NOFS
+#endif
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static inline void dbgaufs_si_null(struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo)
+{
+	/*
+	 * This function is a dynamic '__init' fucntion actually,
+	 * so the tiny check for si_rwsem is unnecessary.
+	 */
+	/* AuRwMustWriteLock(&sbinfo->si_rwsem); */
+#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FS
+	sbinfo->si_dbgaufs = NULL;
+	sbinfo->si_dbgaufs_xib = NULL;
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_EXPORT
+	sbinfo->si_dbgaufs_xigen = NULL;
+#endif
+#endif
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static inline pid_t si_pid_bit(void)
+{
+	/* the origin of pid is 1, but the bitmap's is 0 */
+	return current->pid - 1;
+}
+
+static inline int si_pid_test(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	pid_t bit = si_pid_bit();
+	if (bit < PID_MAX_DEFAULT)
+		return test_bit(bit, au_sbi(sb)->au_si_pid.bitmap);
+	else
+		return si_pid_test_slow(sb);
+}
+
+static inline void si_pid_set(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	pid_t bit = si_pid_bit();
+	if (bit < PID_MAX_DEFAULT) {
+		AuDebugOn(test_bit(bit, au_sbi(sb)->au_si_pid.bitmap));
+		set_bit(bit, au_sbi(sb)->au_si_pid.bitmap);
+		/* smp_mb(); */
+	} else
+		si_pid_set_slow(sb);
+}
+
+static inline void si_pid_clr(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	pid_t bit = si_pid_bit();
+	if (bit < PID_MAX_DEFAULT) {
+		AuDebugOn(!test_bit(bit, au_sbi(sb)->au_si_pid.bitmap));
+		clear_bit(bit, au_sbi(sb)->au_si_pid.bitmap);
+		/* smp_mb(); */
+	} else
+		si_pid_clr_slow(sb);
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* lock superblock. mainly for entry point functions */
+/*
+ * __si_read_lock, __si_write_lock,
+ * __si_read_unlock, __si_write_unlock, __si_downgrade_lock
+ */
+AuSimpleRwsemFuncs(__si, struct super_block *sb, &au_sbi(sb)->si_rwsem);
+
+#define SiMustNoWaiters(sb)	AuRwMustNoWaiters(&au_sbi(sb)->si_rwsem)
+#define SiMustAnyLock(sb)	AuRwMustAnyLock(&au_sbi(sb)->si_rwsem)
+#define SiMustWriteLock(sb)	AuRwMustWriteLock(&au_sbi(sb)->si_rwsem)
+
+static inline void si_noflush_read_lock(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	__si_read_lock(sb);
+	si_pid_set(sb);
+}
+
+static inline int si_noflush_read_trylock(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	int locked = __si_read_trylock(sb);
+	if (locked)
+		si_pid_set(sb);
+	return locked;
+}
+
+static inline void si_noflush_write_lock(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	__si_write_lock(sb);
+	si_pid_set(sb);
+}
+
+static inline int si_noflush_write_trylock(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	int locked = __si_write_trylock(sb);
+	if (locked)
+		si_pid_set(sb);
+	return locked;
+}
+
+#if 0 /* unused */
+static inline int si_read_trylock(struct super_block *sb, int flags)
+{
+	if (au_ftest_lock(flags, FLUSH))
+		au_nwt_flush(&au_sbi(sb)->si_nowait);
+	return si_noflush_read_trylock(sb);
+}
+#endif
+
+static inline void si_read_unlock(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	si_pid_clr(sb);
+	__si_read_unlock(sb);
+}
+
+#if 0 /* unused */
+static inline int si_write_trylock(struct super_block *sb, int flags)
+{
+	if (au_ftest_lock(flags, FLUSH))
+		au_nwt_flush(&au_sbi(sb)->si_nowait);
+	return si_noflush_write_trylock(sb);
+}
+#endif
+
+static inline void si_write_unlock(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	si_pid_clr(sb);
+	__si_write_unlock(sb);
+}
+
+#if 0 /* unused */
+static inline void si_downgrade_lock(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	__si_downgrade_lock(sb);
+}
+#endif
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static inline aufs_bindex_t au_sbend(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	SiMustAnyLock(sb);
+	return au_sbi(sb)->si_bend;
+}
+
+static inline unsigned int au_mntflags(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	SiMustAnyLock(sb);
+	return au_sbi(sb)->si_mntflags;
+}
+
+static inline unsigned int au_sigen(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	SiMustAnyLock(sb);
+	return au_sbi(sb)->si_generation;
+}
+
+static inline void au_ninodes_inc(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	atomic_long_inc(&au_sbi(sb)->si_ninodes);
+}
+
+static inline void au_ninodes_dec(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	AuDebugOn(!atomic_long_read(&au_sbi(sb)->si_ninodes));
+	atomic_long_dec(&au_sbi(sb)->si_ninodes);
+}
+
+static inline void au_nfiles_inc(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	atomic_long_inc(&au_sbi(sb)->si_nfiles);
+}
+
+static inline void au_nfiles_dec(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	AuDebugOn(!atomic_long_read(&au_sbi(sb)->si_nfiles));
+	atomic_long_dec(&au_sbi(sb)->si_nfiles);
+}
+
+static inline struct au_branch *au_sbr(struct super_block *sb,
+				       aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	SiMustAnyLock(sb);
+	return au_sbi(sb)->si_branch[0 + bindex];
+}
+
+static inline void au_xino_brid_set(struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t brid)
+{
+	SiMustWriteLock(sb);
+	au_sbi(sb)->si_xino_brid = brid;
+}
+
+static inline aufs_bindex_t au_xino_brid(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	SiMustAnyLock(sb);
+	return au_sbi(sb)->si_xino_brid;
+}
+
+#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
+#endif /* __AUFS_SUPER_H__ */
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/sysaufs.c b/ubuntu/aufs/sysaufs.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a675324ca6f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/sysaufs.c
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * sysfs interface and lifetime management
+ * they are necessary regardless sysfs is disabled.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/random.h>
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+unsigned long sysaufs_si_mask;
+struct kset *sysaufs_kset;
+
+#define AuSiAttr(_name) { \
+	.attr   = { .name = __stringify(_name), .mode = 0444 },	\
+	.show   = sysaufs_si_##_name,				\
+}
+
+static struct sysaufs_si_attr sysaufs_si_attr_xi_path = AuSiAttr(xi_path);
+struct attribute *sysaufs_si_attrs[] = {
+	&sysaufs_si_attr_xi_path.attr,
+	NULL,
+};
+
+static const struct sysfs_ops au_sbi_ops = {
+	.show   = sysaufs_si_show
+};
+
+static struct kobj_type au_sbi_ktype = {
+	.release	= au_si_free,
+	.sysfs_ops	= &au_sbi_ops,
+	.default_attrs	= sysaufs_si_attrs
+};
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+int sysaufs_si_init(struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	sbinfo->si_kobj.kset = sysaufs_kset;
+	/* cf. sysaufs_name() */
+	err = kobject_init_and_add
+		(&sbinfo->si_kobj, &au_sbi_ktype, /*&sysaufs_kset->kobj*/NULL,
+		 SysaufsSiNamePrefix "%lx", sysaufs_si_id(sbinfo));
+
+	dbgaufs_si_null(sbinfo);
+	if (!err) {
+		err = dbgaufs_si_init(sbinfo);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			kobject_put(&sbinfo->si_kobj);
+	}
+	return err;
+}
+
+void sysaufs_fin(void)
+{
+	dbgaufs_fin();
+	sysfs_remove_group(&sysaufs_kset->kobj, sysaufs_attr_group);
+	kset_unregister(sysaufs_kset);
+}
+
+int __init sysaufs_init(void)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	do {
+		get_random_bytes(&sysaufs_si_mask, sizeof(sysaufs_si_mask));
+	} while (!sysaufs_si_mask);
+
+	err = -EINVAL;
+	sysaufs_kset = kset_create_and_add(AUFS_NAME, NULL, fs_kobj);
+	if (unlikely(!sysaufs_kset))
+		goto out;
+	err = PTR_ERR(sysaufs_kset);
+	if (IS_ERR(sysaufs_kset))
+		goto out;
+	err = sysfs_create_group(&sysaufs_kset->kobj, sysaufs_attr_group);
+	if (unlikely(err)) {
+		kset_unregister(sysaufs_kset);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	err = dbgaufs_init();
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		sysaufs_fin();
+out:
+	return err;
+}
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/sysaufs.h b/ubuntu/aufs/sysaufs.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5aaff3bb608b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/sysaufs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * sysfs interface and mount lifetime management
+ */
+
+#ifndef __SYSAUFS_H__
+#define __SYSAUFS_H__
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+
+#include <linux/sysfs.h>
+#include "module.h"
+
+struct super_block;
+struct au_sbinfo;
+
+struct sysaufs_si_attr {
+	struct attribute attr;
+	int (*show)(struct seq_file *seq, struct super_block *sb);
+};
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* sysaufs.c */
+extern unsigned long sysaufs_si_mask;
+extern struct kset *sysaufs_kset;
+extern struct attribute *sysaufs_si_attrs[];
+int sysaufs_si_init(struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo);
+int __init sysaufs_init(void);
+void sysaufs_fin(void);
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* some people doesn't like to show a pointer in kernel */
+static inline unsigned long sysaufs_si_id(struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo)
+{
+	return sysaufs_si_mask ^ (unsigned long)sbinfo;
+}
+
+#define SysaufsSiNamePrefix	"si_"
+#define SysaufsSiNameLen	(sizeof(SysaufsSiNamePrefix) + 16)
+static inline void sysaufs_name(struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo, char *name)
+{
+	snprintf(name, SysaufsSiNameLen, SysaufsSiNamePrefix "%lx",
+		 sysaufs_si_id(sbinfo));
+}
+
+struct au_branch;
+#ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS
+/* sysfs.c */
+extern struct attribute_group *sysaufs_attr_group;
+
+int sysaufs_si_xi_path(struct seq_file *seq, struct super_block *sb);
+ssize_t sysaufs_si_show(struct kobject *kobj, struct attribute *attr,
+			 char *buf);
+
+void sysaufs_br_init(struct au_branch *br);
+void sysaufs_brs_add(struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t bindex);
+void sysaufs_brs_del(struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t bindex);
+
+#define sysaufs_brs_init()	do {} while (0)
+
+#else
+#define sysaufs_attr_group	NULL
+
+AuStubInt0(sysaufs_si_xi_path, struct seq_file *seq, struct super_block *sb)
+
+static inline
+ssize_t sysaufs_si_show(struct kobject *kobj, struct attribute *attr,
+			 char *buf)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
+AuStubVoid(sysaufs_br_init, struct au_branch *br)
+AuStubVoid(sysaufs_brs_add, struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+AuStubVoid(sysaufs_brs_del, struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+
+static inline void sysaufs_brs_init(void)
+{
+	sysaufs_brs = 0;
+}
+
+#endif /* CONFIG_SYSFS */
+
+#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
+#endif /* __SYSAUFS_H__ */
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/sysfs.c b/ubuntu/aufs/sysfs.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f72519dac361
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/sysfs.c
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * sysfs interface
+ */
+
+#include <linux/seq_file.h>
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_FS_MODULE
+/* this entry violates the "one line per file" policy of sysfs */
+static ssize_t config_show(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr,
+			   char *buf)
+{
+	ssize_t err;
+	static char *conf =
+/* this file is generated at compiling */
+#include "conf.str"
+		;
+
+	err = snprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, conf);
+	if (unlikely(err >= PAGE_SIZE))
+		err = -EFBIG;
+	return err;
+}
+
+static struct kobj_attribute au_config_attr = __ATTR_RO(config);
+#endif
+
+static struct attribute *au_attr[] = {
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_FS_MODULE
+	&au_config_attr.attr,
+#endif
+	NULL,	/* need to NULL terminate the list of attributes */
+};
+
+static struct attribute_group sysaufs_attr_group_body = {
+	.attrs = au_attr
+};
+
+struct attribute_group *sysaufs_attr_group = &sysaufs_attr_group_body;
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+int sysaufs_si_xi_path(struct seq_file *seq, struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	SiMustAnyLock(sb);
+
+	err = 0;
+	if (au_opt_test(au_mntflags(sb), XINO)) {
+		err = au_xino_path(seq, au_sbi(sb)->si_xib);
+		seq_putc(seq, '\n');
+	}
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * the lifetime of branch is independent from the entry under sysfs.
+ * sysfs handles the lifetime of the entry, and never call ->show() after it is
+ * unlinked.
+ */
+static int sysaufs_si_br(struct seq_file *seq, struct super_block *sb,
+			 aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct path path;
+	struct dentry *root;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+	char *perm;
+
+	AuDbg("b%d\n", bindex);
+
+	err = 0;
+	root = sb->s_root;
+	di_read_lock_parent(root, !AuLock_IR);
+	br = au_sbr(sb, bindex);
+	path.mnt = br->br_mnt;
+	path.dentry = au_h_dptr(root, bindex);
+	au_seq_path(seq, &path);
+	di_read_unlock(root, !AuLock_IR);
+	perm = au_optstr_br_perm(br->br_perm);
+	if (perm) {
+		err = seq_printf(seq, "=%s\n", perm);
+		kfree(perm);
+		if (err == -1)
+			err = -E2BIG;
+	} else
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static struct seq_file *au_seq(char *p, ssize_t len)
+{
+	struct seq_file *seq;
+
+	seq = kzalloc(sizeof(*seq), GFP_NOFS);
+	if (seq) {
+		/* mutex_init(&seq.lock); */
+		seq->buf = p;
+		seq->size = len;
+		return seq; /* success */
+	}
+
+	seq = ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+	return seq;
+}
+
+#define SysaufsBr_PREFIX "br"
+
+/* todo: file size may exceed PAGE_SIZE */
+ssize_t sysaufs_si_show(struct kobject *kobj, struct attribute *attr,
+			char *buf)
+{
+	ssize_t err;
+	long l;
+	aufs_bindex_t bend;
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct seq_file *seq;
+	char *name;
+	struct attribute **cattr;
+
+	sbinfo = container_of(kobj, struct au_sbinfo, si_kobj);
+	sb = sbinfo->si_sb;
+
+	/*
+	 * prevent a race condition between sysfs and aufs.
+	 * for instance, sysfs_file_read() calls sysfs_get_active_two() which
+	 * prohibits maintaining the sysfs entries.
+	 * hew we acquire read lock after sysfs_get_active_two().
+	 * on the other hand, the remount process may maintain the sysfs/aufs
+	 * entries after acquiring write lock.
+	 * it can cause a deadlock.
+	 * simply we gave up processing read here.
+	 */
+	err = -EBUSY;
+	if (unlikely(!si_noflush_read_trylock(sb)))
+		goto out;
+
+	seq = au_seq(buf, PAGE_SIZE);
+	err = PTR_ERR(seq);
+	if (IS_ERR(seq))
+		goto out_unlock;
+
+	name = (void *)attr->name;
+	cattr = sysaufs_si_attrs;
+	while (*cattr) {
+		if (!strcmp(name, (*cattr)->name)) {
+			err = container_of(*cattr, struct sysaufs_si_attr, attr)
+				->show(seq, sb);
+			goto out_seq;
+		}
+		cattr++;
+	}
+
+	bend = au_sbend(sb);
+	if (!strncmp(name, SysaufsBr_PREFIX, sizeof(SysaufsBr_PREFIX) - 1)) {
+		name += sizeof(SysaufsBr_PREFIX) - 1;
+		err = kstrtol(name, 10, &l);
+		if (!err) {
+			if (l <= bend)
+				err = sysaufs_si_br(seq, sb, (aufs_bindex_t)l);
+			else
+				err = -ENOENT;
+		}
+		goto out_seq;
+	}
+	BUG();
+
+out_seq:
+	if (!err) {
+		err = seq->count;
+		/* sysfs limit */
+		if (unlikely(err == PAGE_SIZE))
+			err = -EFBIG;
+	}
+	kfree(seq);
+out_unlock:
+	si_read_unlock(sb);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+void sysaufs_br_init(struct au_branch *br)
+{
+	struct attribute *attr = &br->br_attr;
+
+	sysfs_attr_init(attr);
+	attr->name = br->br_name;
+	attr->mode = S_IRUGO;
+}
+
+void sysaufs_brs_del(struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	struct au_branch *br;
+	struct kobject *kobj;
+	aufs_bindex_t bend;
+
+	dbgaufs_brs_del(sb, bindex);
+
+	if (!sysaufs_brs)
+		return;
+
+	kobj = &au_sbi(sb)->si_kobj;
+	bend = au_sbend(sb);
+	for (; bindex <= bend; bindex++) {
+		br = au_sbr(sb, bindex);
+		sysfs_remove_file(kobj, &br->br_attr);
+	}
+}
+
+void sysaufs_brs_add(struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bend;
+	struct kobject *kobj;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+
+	dbgaufs_brs_add(sb, bindex);
+
+	if (!sysaufs_brs)
+		return;
+
+	kobj = &au_sbi(sb)->si_kobj;
+	bend = au_sbend(sb);
+	for (; bindex <= bend; bindex++) {
+		br = au_sbr(sb, bindex);
+		snprintf(br->br_name, sizeof(br->br_name), SysaufsBr_PREFIX
+			 "%d", bindex);
+		err = sysfs_create_file(kobj, &br->br_attr);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			pr_warning("failed %s under sysfs(%d)\n",
+				   br->br_name, err);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/sysrq.c b/ubuntu/aufs/sysrq.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c481d2b6dd58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/sysrq.c
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * magic sysrq hanlder
+ */
+
+/* #include <linux/sysrq.h> */
+#include <linux/writeback.h>
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void sysrq_sb(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	char *plevel;
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+	struct file *file;
+
+	plevel = au_plevel;
+	au_plevel = KERN_WARNING;
+
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	/* since we define pr_fmt, call printk directly */
+	printk(KERN_WARNING "si=%lx\n", sysaufs_si_id(sbinfo));
+	printk(KERN_WARNING AUFS_NAME ": superblock\n");
+	au_dpri_sb(sb);
+
+#if 0
+	printk(KERN_WARNING AUFS_NAME ": root dentry\n");
+	au_dpri_dentry(sb->s_root);
+	printk(KERN_WARNING AUFS_NAME ": root inode\n");
+	au_dpri_inode(sb->s_root->d_inode);
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+	do {
+		int err, i, j, ndentry;
+		struct au_dcsub_pages dpages;
+		struct au_dpage *dpage;
+
+		err = au_dpages_init(&dpages, GFP_ATOMIC);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			break;
+		err = au_dcsub_pages(&dpages, sb->s_root, NULL, NULL);
+		if (!err)
+			for (i = 0; i < dpages.ndpage; i++) {
+				dpage = dpages.dpages + i;
+				ndentry = dpage->ndentry;
+				for (j = 0; j < ndentry; j++)
+					au_dpri_dentry(dpage->dentries[j]);
+			}
+		au_dpages_free(&dpages);
+	} while (0);
+#endif
+
+#if 1
+	{
+		struct inode *i;
+		printk(KERN_WARNING AUFS_NAME ": isolated inode\n");
+		spin_lock(&inode_sb_list_lock);
+		list_for_each_entry(i, &sb->s_inodes, i_sb_list) {
+			spin_lock(&i->i_lock);
+			if (1 || list_empty(&i->i_dentry))
+				au_dpri_inode(i);
+			spin_unlock(&i->i_lock);
+		}
+		spin_unlock(&inode_sb_list_lock);
+	}
+#endif
+	printk(KERN_WARNING AUFS_NAME ": files\n");
+	lg_global_lock(files_lglock);
+	do_file_list_for_each_entry(sb, file) {
+		umode_t mode;
+		mode = file->f_dentry->d_inode->i_mode;
+		if (!special_file(mode) || au_special_file(mode))
+			au_dpri_file(file);
+	} while_file_list_for_each_entry;
+	lg_global_unlock(files_lglock);
+	printk(KERN_WARNING AUFS_NAME ": done\n");
+
+	au_plevel = plevel;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* module parameter */
+static char *aufs_sysrq_key = "a";
+module_param_named(sysrq, aufs_sysrq_key, charp, S_IRUGO);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(sysrq, "MagicSysRq key for " AUFS_NAME);
+
+static void au_sysrq(int key __maybe_unused)
+{
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+
+	lockdep_off();
+	au_sbilist_lock();
+	list_for_each_entry(sbinfo, &au_sbilist.head, si_list)
+		sysrq_sb(sbinfo->si_sb);
+	au_sbilist_unlock();
+	lockdep_on();
+}
+
+static struct sysrq_key_op au_sysrq_op = {
+	.handler	= au_sysrq,
+	.help_msg	= "Aufs",
+	.action_msg	= "Aufs",
+	.enable_mask	= SYSRQ_ENABLE_DUMP
+};
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+int __init au_sysrq_init(void)
+{
+	int err;
+	char key;
+
+	err = -1;
+	key = *aufs_sysrq_key;
+	if ('a' <= key && key <= 'z')
+		err = register_sysrq_key(key, &au_sysrq_op);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		pr_err("err %d, sysrq=%c\n", err, key);
+	return err;
+}
+
+void au_sysrq_fin(void)
+{
+	int err;
+	err = unregister_sysrq_key(*aufs_sysrq_key, &au_sysrq_op);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		pr_err("err %d (ignored)\n", err);
+}
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/vdir.c b/ubuntu/aufs/vdir.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3f16d5153774
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/vdir.c
@@ -0,0 +1,885 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * virtual or vertical directory
+ */
+
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+static unsigned int calc_size(int nlen)
+{
+	return ALIGN(sizeof(struct au_vdir_de) + nlen, sizeof(ino_t));
+}
+
+static int set_deblk_end(union au_vdir_deblk_p *p,
+			 union au_vdir_deblk_p *deblk_end)
+{
+	if (calc_size(0) <= deblk_end->deblk - p->deblk) {
+		p->de->de_str.len = 0;
+		/* smp_mb(); */
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return -1; /* error */
+}
+
+/* returns true or false */
+static int is_deblk_end(union au_vdir_deblk_p *p,
+			union au_vdir_deblk_p *deblk_end)
+{
+	if (calc_size(0) <= deblk_end->deblk - p->deblk)
+		return !p->de->de_str.len;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static unsigned char *last_deblk(struct au_vdir *vdir)
+{
+	return vdir->vd_deblk[vdir->vd_nblk - 1];
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* estimate the apropriate size for name hash table */
+unsigned int au_rdhash_est(loff_t sz)
+{
+	unsigned int n;
+
+	n = UINT_MAX;
+	sz >>= 10;
+	if (sz < n)
+		n = sz;
+	if (sz < AUFS_RDHASH_DEF)
+		n = AUFS_RDHASH_DEF;
+	/* pr_info("n %u\n", n); */
+	return n;
+}
+
+/*
+ * the allocated memory has to be freed by
+ * au_nhash_wh_free() or au_nhash_de_free().
+ */
+int au_nhash_alloc(struct au_nhash *nhash, unsigned int num_hash, gfp_t gfp)
+{
+	struct hlist_head *head;
+	unsigned int u;
+
+	head = kmalloc(sizeof(*nhash->nh_head) * num_hash, gfp);
+	if (head) {
+		nhash->nh_num = num_hash;
+		nhash->nh_head = head;
+		for (u = 0; u < num_hash; u++)
+			INIT_HLIST_HEAD(head++);
+		return 0; /* success */
+	}
+
+	return -ENOMEM;
+}
+
+static void nhash_count(struct hlist_head *head)
+{
+#if 0
+	unsigned long n;
+	struct hlist_node *pos;
+
+	n = 0;
+	hlist_for_each(pos, head)
+		n++;
+	pr_info("%lu\n", n);
+#endif
+}
+
+static void au_nhash_wh_do_free(struct hlist_head *head)
+{
+	struct au_vdir_wh *tpos;
+	struct hlist_node *pos, *node;
+
+	hlist_for_each_entry_safe(tpos, pos, node, head, wh_hash) {
+		/* hlist_del(pos); */
+		kfree(tpos);
+	}
+}
+
+static void au_nhash_de_do_free(struct hlist_head *head)
+{
+	struct au_vdir_dehstr *tpos;
+	struct hlist_node *pos, *node;
+
+	hlist_for_each_entry_safe(tpos, pos, node, head, hash) {
+		/* hlist_del(pos); */
+		au_cache_free_vdir_dehstr(tpos);
+	}
+}
+
+static void au_nhash_do_free(struct au_nhash *nhash,
+			     void (*free)(struct hlist_head *head))
+{
+	unsigned int n;
+	struct hlist_head *head;
+
+	n = nhash->nh_num;
+	if (!n)
+		return;
+
+	head = nhash->nh_head;
+	while (n-- > 0) {
+		nhash_count(head);
+		free(head++);
+	}
+	kfree(nhash->nh_head);
+}
+
+void au_nhash_wh_free(struct au_nhash *whlist)
+{
+	au_nhash_do_free(whlist, au_nhash_wh_do_free);
+}
+
+static void au_nhash_de_free(struct au_nhash *delist)
+{
+	au_nhash_do_free(delist, au_nhash_de_do_free);
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+int au_nhash_test_longer_wh(struct au_nhash *whlist, aufs_bindex_t btgt,
+			    int limit)
+{
+	int num;
+	unsigned int u, n;
+	struct hlist_head *head;
+	struct au_vdir_wh *tpos;
+	struct hlist_node *pos;
+
+	num = 0;
+	n = whlist->nh_num;
+	head = whlist->nh_head;
+	for (u = 0; u < n; u++, head++)
+		hlist_for_each_entry(tpos, pos, head, wh_hash)
+			if (tpos->wh_bindex == btgt && ++num > limit)
+				return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct hlist_head *au_name_hash(struct au_nhash *nhash,
+				       unsigned char *name,
+				       unsigned int len)
+{
+	unsigned int v;
+	/* const unsigned int magic_bit = 12; */
+
+	AuDebugOn(!nhash->nh_num || !nhash->nh_head);
+
+	v = 0;
+	while (len--)
+		v += *name++;
+	/* v = hash_long(v, magic_bit); */
+	v %= nhash->nh_num;
+	return nhash->nh_head + v;
+}
+
+static int au_nhash_test_name(struct au_vdir_destr *str, const char *name,
+			      int nlen)
+{
+	return str->len == nlen && !memcmp(str->name, name, nlen);
+}
+
+/* returns found or not */
+int au_nhash_test_known_wh(struct au_nhash *whlist, char *name, int nlen)
+{
+	struct hlist_head *head;
+	struct au_vdir_wh *tpos;
+	struct hlist_node *pos;
+	struct au_vdir_destr *str;
+
+	head = au_name_hash(whlist, name, nlen);
+	hlist_for_each_entry(tpos, pos, head, wh_hash) {
+		str = &tpos->wh_str;
+		AuDbg("%.*s\n", str->len, str->name);
+		if (au_nhash_test_name(str, name, nlen))
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* returns found(true) or not */
+static int test_known(struct au_nhash *delist, char *name, int nlen)
+{
+	struct hlist_head *head;
+	struct au_vdir_dehstr *tpos;
+	struct hlist_node *pos;
+	struct au_vdir_destr *str;
+
+	head = au_name_hash(delist, name, nlen);
+	hlist_for_each_entry(tpos, pos, head, hash) {
+		str = tpos->str;
+		AuDbg("%.*s\n", str->len, str->name);
+		if (au_nhash_test_name(str, name, nlen))
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void au_shwh_init_wh(struct au_vdir_wh *wh, ino_t ino,
+			    unsigned char d_type)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_SHWH
+	wh->wh_ino = ino;
+	wh->wh_type = d_type;
+#endif
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+int au_nhash_append_wh(struct au_nhash *whlist, char *name, int nlen, ino_t ino,
+		       unsigned int d_type, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+		       unsigned char shwh)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct au_vdir_destr *str;
+	struct au_vdir_wh *wh;
+
+	AuDbg("%.*s\n", nlen, name);
+	AuDebugOn(!whlist->nh_num || !whlist->nh_head);
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	wh = kmalloc(sizeof(*wh) + nlen, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(!wh))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = 0;
+	wh->wh_bindex = bindex;
+	if (shwh)
+		au_shwh_init_wh(wh, ino, d_type);
+	str = &wh->wh_str;
+	str->len = nlen;
+	memcpy(str->name, name, nlen);
+	hlist_add_head(&wh->wh_hash, au_name_hash(whlist, name, nlen));
+	/* smp_mb(); */
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int append_deblk(struct au_vdir *vdir)
+{
+	int err;
+	unsigned long ul;
+	const unsigned int deblk_sz = vdir->vd_deblk_sz;
+	union au_vdir_deblk_p p, deblk_end;
+	unsigned char **o;
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	o = krealloc(vdir->vd_deblk, sizeof(*o) * (vdir->vd_nblk + 1),
+		     GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(!o))
+		goto out;
+
+	vdir->vd_deblk = o;
+	p.deblk = kmalloc(deblk_sz, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (p.deblk) {
+		ul = vdir->vd_nblk++;
+		vdir->vd_deblk[ul] = p.deblk;
+		vdir->vd_last.ul = ul;
+		vdir->vd_last.p.deblk = p.deblk;
+		deblk_end.deblk = p.deblk + deblk_sz;
+		err = set_deblk_end(&p, &deblk_end);
+	}
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int append_de(struct au_vdir *vdir, char *name, int nlen, ino_t ino,
+		     unsigned int d_type, struct au_nhash *delist)
+{
+	int err;
+	unsigned int sz;
+	const unsigned int deblk_sz = vdir->vd_deblk_sz;
+	union au_vdir_deblk_p p, *room, deblk_end;
+	struct au_vdir_dehstr *dehstr;
+
+	p.deblk = last_deblk(vdir);
+	deblk_end.deblk = p.deblk + deblk_sz;
+	room = &vdir->vd_last.p;
+	AuDebugOn(room->deblk < p.deblk || deblk_end.deblk <= room->deblk
+		  || !is_deblk_end(room, &deblk_end));
+
+	sz = calc_size(nlen);
+	if (unlikely(sz > deblk_end.deblk - room->deblk)) {
+		err = append_deblk(vdir);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out;
+
+		p.deblk = last_deblk(vdir);
+		deblk_end.deblk = p.deblk + deblk_sz;
+		/* smp_mb(); */
+		AuDebugOn(room->deblk != p.deblk);
+	}
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	dehstr = au_cache_alloc_vdir_dehstr();
+	if (unlikely(!dehstr))
+		goto out;
+
+	dehstr->str = &room->de->de_str;
+	hlist_add_head(&dehstr->hash, au_name_hash(delist, name, nlen));
+	room->de->de_ino = ino;
+	room->de->de_type = d_type;
+	room->de->de_str.len = nlen;
+	memcpy(room->de->de_str.name, name, nlen);
+
+	err = 0;
+	room->deblk += sz;
+	if (unlikely(set_deblk_end(room, &deblk_end)))
+		err = append_deblk(vdir);
+	/* smp_mb(); */
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+void au_vdir_free(struct au_vdir *vdir)
+{
+	unsigned char **deblk;
+
+	deblk = vdir->vd_deblk;
+	while (vdir->vd_nblk--)
+		kfree(*deblk++);
+	kfree(vdir->vd_deblk);
+	au_cache_free_vdir(vdir);
+}
+
+static struct au_vdir *alloc_vdir(struct file *file)
+{
+	struct au_vdir *vdir;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	int err;
+
+	sb = file->f_dentry->d_sb;
+	SiMustAnyLock(sb);
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	vdir = au_cache_alloc_vdir();
+	if (unlikely(!vdir))
+		goto out;
+
+	vdir->vd_deblk = kzalloc(sizeof(*vdir->vd_deblk), GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(!vdir->vd_deblk))
+		goto out_free;
+
+	vdir->vd_deblk_sz = au_sbi(sb)->si_rdblk;
+	if (!vdir->vd_deblk_sz) {
+		/* estimate the apropriate size for deblk */
+		vdir->vd_deblk_sz = au_dir_size(file, /*dentry*/NULL);
+		/* pr_info("vd_deblk_sz %u\n", vdir->vd_deblk_sz); */
+	}
+	vdir->vd_nblk = 0;
+	vdir->vd_version = 0;
+	vdir->vd_jiffy = 0;
+	err = append_deblk(vdir);
+	if (!err)
+		return vdir; /* success */
+
+	kfree(vdir->vd_deblk);
+
+out_free:
+	au_cache_free_vdir(vdir);
+out:
+	vdir = ERR_PTR(err);
+	return vdir;
+}
+
+static int reinit_vdir(struct au_vdir *vdir)
+{
+	int err;
+	union au_vdir_deblk_p p, deblk_end;
+
+	while (vdir->vd_nblk > 1) {
+		kfree(vdir->vd_deblk[vdir->vd_nblk - 1]);
+		/* vdir->vd_deblk[vdir->vd_nblk - 1] = NULL; */
+		vdir->vd_nblk--;
+	}
+	p.deblk = vdir->vd_deblk[0];
+	deblk_end.deblk = p.deblk + vdir->vd_deblk_sz;
+	err = set_deblk_end(&p, &deblk_end);
+	/* keep vd_dblk_sz */
+	vdir->vd_last.ul = 0;
+	vdir->vd_last.p.deblk = vdir->vd_deblk[0];
+	vdir->vd_version = 0;
+	vdir->vd_jiffy = 0;
+	/* smp_mb(); */
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#define AuFillVdir_CALLED	1
+#define AuFillVdir_WHABLE	(1 << 1)
+#define AuFillVdir_SHWH		(1 << 2)
+#define au_ftest_fillvdir(flags, name)	((flags) & AuFillVdir_##name)
+#define au_fset_fillvdir(flags, name) \
+	do { (flags) |= AuFillVdir_##name; } while (0)
+#define au_fclr_fillvdir(flags, name) \
+	do { (flags) &= ~AuFillVdir_##name; } while (0)
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_AUFS_SHWH
+#undef AuFillVdir_SHWH
+#define AuFillVdir_SHWH		0
+#endif
+
+struct fillvdir_arg {
+	struct file		*file;
+	struct au_vdir		*vdir;
+	struct au_nhash		delist;
+	struct au_nhash		whlist;
+	aufs_bindex_t		bindex;
+	unsigned int		flags;
+	int			err;
+};
+
+static int fillvdir(void *__arg, const char *__name, int nlen,
+		    loff_t offset __maybe_unused, u64 h_ino,
+		    unsigned int d_type)
+{
+	struct fillvdir_arg *arg = __arg;
+	char *name = (void *)__name;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	ino_t ino;
+	const unsigned char shwh = !!au_ftest_fillvdir(arg->flags, SHWH);
+
+	arg->err = 0;
+	sb = arg->file->f_dentry->d_sb;
+	au_fset_fillvdir(arg->flags, CALLED);
+	/* smp_mb(); */
+	if (nlen <= AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN
+	    || memcmp(name, AUFS_WH_PFX, AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN)) {
+		if (test_known(&arg->delist, name, nlen)
+		    || au_nhash_test_known_wh(&arg->whlist, name, nlen))
+			goto out; /* already exists or whiteouted */
+
+		sb = arg->file->f_dentry->d_sb;
+		arg->err = au_ino(sb, arg->bindex, h_ino, d_type, &ino);
+		if (!arg->err) {
+			if (unlikely(nlen > AUFS_MAX_NAMELEN))
+				d_type = DT_UNKNOWN;
+			arg->err = append_de(arg->vdir, name, nlen, ino,
+					     d_type, &arg->delist);
+		}
+	} else if (au_ftest_fillvdir(arg->flags, WHABLE)) {
+		name += AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN;
+		nlen -= AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN;
+		if (au_nhash_test_known_wh(&arg->whlist, name, nlen))
+			goto out; /* already whiteouted */
+
+		if (shwh)
+			arg->err = au_wh_ino(sb, arg->bindex, h_ino, d_type,
+					     &ino);
+		if (!arg->err) {
+			if (nlen <= AUFS_MAX_NAMELEN + AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN)
+				d_type = DT_UNKNOWN;
+			arg->err = au_nhash_append_wh
+				(&arg->whlist, name, nlen, ino, d_type,
+				 arg->bindex, shwh);
+		}
+	}
+
+out:
+	if (!arg->err)
+		arg->vdir->vd_jiffy = jiffies;
+	/* smp_mb(); */
+	AuTraceErr(arg->err);
+	return arg->err;
+}
+
+static int au_handle_shwh(struct super_block *sb, struct au_vdir *vdir,
+			  struct au_nhash *whlist, struct au_nhash *delist)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_SHWH
+	int err;
+	unsigned int nh, u;
+	struct hlist_head *head;
+	struct au_vdir_wh *tpos;
+	struct hlist_node *pos, *n;
+	char *p, *o;
+	struct au_vdir_destr *destr;
+
+	AuDebugOn(!au_opt_test(au_mntflags(sb), SHWH));
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	o = p = __getname_gfp(GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(!p))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = 0;
+	nh = whlist->nh_num;
+	memcpy(p, AUFS_WH_PFX, AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN);
+	p += AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN;
+	for (u = 0; u < nh; u++) {
+		head = whlist->nh_head + u;
+		hlist_for_each_entry_safe(tpos, pos, n, head, wh_hash) {
+			destr = &tpos->wh_str;
+			memcpy(p, destr->name, destr->len);
+			err = append_de(vdir, o, destr->len + AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN,
+					tpos->wh_ino, tpos->wh_type, delist);
+			if (unlikely(err))
+				break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	__putname(o);
+
+out:
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+#else
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static int au_do_read_vdir(struct fillvdir_arg *arg)
+{
+	int err;
+	unsigned int rdhash;
+	loff_t offset;
+	aufs_bindex_t bend, bindex, bstart;
+	unsigned char shwh;
+	struct file *hf, *file;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+
+	file = arg->file;
+	sb = file->f_dentry->d_sb;
+	SiMustAnyLock(sb);
+
+	rdhash = au_sbi(sb)->si_rdhash;
+	if (!rdhash)
+		rdhash = au_rdhash_est(au_dir_size(file, /*dentry*/NULL));
+	err = au_nhash_alloc(&arg->delist, rdhash, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+	err = au_nhash_alloc(&arg->whlist, rdhash, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_delist;
+
+	err = 0;
+	arg->flags = 0;
+	shwh = 0;
+	if (au_opt_test(au_mntflags(sb), SHWH)) {
+		shwh = 1;
+		au_fset_fillvdir(arg->flags, SHWH);
+	}
+	bstart = au_fbstart(file);
+	bend = au_fbend_dir(file);
+	for (bindex = bstart; !err && bindex <= bend; bindex++) {
+		hf = au_hf_dir(file, bindex);
+		if (!hf)
+			continue;
+
+		offset = vfsub_llseek(hf, 0, SEEK_SET);
+		err = offset;
+		if (unlikely(offset))
+			break;
+
+		arg->bindex = bindex;
+		au_fclr_fillvdir(arg->flags, WHABLE);
+		if (shwh
+		    || (bindex != bend
+			&& au_br_whable(au_sbr_perm(sb, bindex))))
+			au_fset_fillvdir(arg->flags, WHABLE);
+		do {
+			arg->err = 0;
+			au_fclr_fillvdir(arg->flags, CALLED);
+			/* smp_mb(); */
+			err = vfsub_readdir(hf, fillvdir, arg);
+			if (err >= 0)
+				err = arg->err;
+		} while (!err && au_ftest_fillvdir(arg->flags, CALLED));
+	}
+
+	if (!err && shwh)
+		err = au_handle_shwh(sb, arg->vdir, &arg->whlist, &arg->delist);
+
+	au_nhash_wh_free(&arg->whlist);
+
+out_delist:
+	au_nhash_de_free(&arg->delist);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int read_vdir(struct file *file, int may_read)
+{
+	int err;
+	unsigned long expire;
+	unsigned char do_read;
+	struct fillvdir_arg arg;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct au_vdir *vdir, *allocated;
+
+	err = 0;
+	inode = file->f_dentry->d_inode;
+	IMustLock(inode);
+	SiMustAnyLock(inode->i_sb);
+
+	allocated = NULL;
+	do_read = 0;
+	expire = au_sbi(inode->i_sb)->si_rdcache;
+	vdir = au_ivdir(inode);
+	if (!vdir) {
+		do_read = 1;
+		vdir = alloc_vdir(file);
+		err = PTR_ERR(vdir);
+		if (IS_ERR(vdir))
+			goto out;
+		err = 0;
+		allocated = vdir;
+	} else if (may_read
+		   && (inode->i_version != vdir->vd_version
+		       || time_after(jiffies, vdir->vd_jiffy + expire))) {
+		do_read = 1;
+		err = reinit_vdir(vdir);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (!do_read)
+		return 0; /* success */
+
+	arg.file = file;
+	arg.vdir = vdir;
+	err = au_do_read_vdir(&arg);
+	if (!err) {
+		/* file->f_pos = 0; */
+		vdir->vd_version = inode->i_version;
+		vdir->vd_last.ul = 0;
+		vdir->vd_last.p.deblk = vdir->vd_deblk[0];
+		if (allocated)
+			au_set_ivdir(inode, allocated);
+	} else if (allocated)
+		au_vdir_free(allocated);
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int copy_vdir(struct au_vdir *tgt, struct au_vdir *src)
+{
+	int err, rerr;
+	unsigned long ul, n;
+	const unsigned int deblk_sz = src->vd_deblk_sz;
+
+	AuDebugOn(tgt->vd_nblk != 1);
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	if (tgt->vd_nblk < src->vd_nblk) {
+		unsigned char **p;
+
+		p = krealloc(tgt->vd_deblk, sizeof(*p) * src->vd_nblk,
+			     GFP_NOFS);
+		if (unlikely(!p))
+			goto out;
+		tgt->vd_deblk = p;
+	}
+
+	if (tgt->vd_deblk_sz != deblk_sz) {
+		unsigned char *p;
+
+		tgt->vd_deblk_sz = deblk_sz;
+		p = krealloc(tgt->vd_deblk[0], deblk_sz, GFP_NOFS);
+		if (unlikely(!p))
+			goto out;
+		tgt->vd_deblk[0] = p;
+	}
+	memcpy(tgt->vd_deblk[0], src->vd_deblk[0], deblk_sz);
+	tgt->vd_version = src->vd_version;
+	tgt->vd_jiffy = src->vd_jiffy;
+
+	n = src->vd_nblk;
+	for (ul = 1; ul < n; ul++) {
+		tgt->vd_deblk[ul] = kmemdup(src->vd_deblk[ul], deblk_sz,
+					    GFP_NOFS);
+		if (unlikely(!tgt->vd_deblk[ul]))
+			goto out;
+		tgt->vd_nblk++;
+	}
+	tgt->vd_nblk = n;
+	tgt->vd_last.ul = tgt->vd_last.ul;
+	tgt->vd_last.p.deblk = tgt->vd_deblk[tgt->vd_last.ul];
+	tgt->vd_last.p.deblk += src->vd_last.p.deblk
+		- src->vd_deblk[src->vd_last.ul];
+	/* smp_mb(); */
+	return 0; /* success */
+
+out:
+	rerr = reinit_vdir(tgt);
+	BUG_ON(rerr);
+	return err;
+}
+
+int au_vdir_init(struct file *file)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct au_vdir *vdir_cache, *allocated;
+
+	err = read_vdir(file, !file->f_pos);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	allocated = NULL;
+	vdir_cache = au_fvdir_cache(file);
+	if (!vdir_cache) {
+		vdir_cache = alloc_vdir(file);
+		err = PTR_ERR(vdir_cache);
+		if (IS_ERR(vdir_cache))
+			goto out;
+		allocated = vdir_cache;
+	} else if (!file->f_pos && vdir_cache->vd_version != file->f_version) {
+		err = reinit_vdir(vdir_cache);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out;
+	} else
+		return 0; /* success */
+
+	inode = file->f_dentry->d_inode;
+	err = copy_vdir(vdir_cache, au_ivdir(inode));
+	if (!err) {
+		file->f_version = inode->i_version;
+		if (allocated)
+			au_set_fvdir_cache(file, allocated);
+	} else if (allocated)
+		au_vdir_free(allocated);
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static loff_t calc_offset(struct au_vdir *vdir)
+{
+	loff_t offset;
+	union au_vdir_deblk_p p;
+
+	p.deblk = vdir->vd_deblk[vdir->vd_last.ul];
+	offset = vdir->vd_last.p.deblk - p.deblk;
+	offset += vdir->vd_deblk_sz * vdir->vd_last.ul;
+	return offset;
+}
+
+/* returns true or false */
+static int seek_vdir(struct file *file)
+{
+	int valid;
+	unsigned int deblk_sz;
+	unsigned long ul, n;
+	loff_t offset;
+	union au_vdir_deblk_p p, deblk_end;
+	struct au_vdir *vdir_cache;
+
+	valid = 1;
+	vdir_cache = au_fvdir_cache(file);
+	offset = calc_offset(vdir_cache);
+	AuDbg("offset %lld\n", offset);
+	if (file->f_pos == offset)
+		goto out;
+
+	vdir_cache->vd_last.ul = 0;
+	vdir_cache->vd_last.p.deblk = vdir_cache->vd_deblk[0];
+	if (!file->f_pos)
+		goto out;
+
+	valid = 0;
+	deblk_sz = vdir_cache->vd_deblk_sz;
+	ul = div64_u64(file->f_pos, deblk_sz);
+	AuDbg("ul %lu\n", ul);
+	if (ul >= vdir_cache->vd_nblk)
+		goto out;
+
+	n = vdir_cache->vd_nblk;
+	for (; ul < n; ul++) {
+		p.deblk = vdir_cache->vd_deblk[ul];
+		deblk_end.deblk = p.deblk + deblk_sz;
+		offset = ul;
+		offset *= deblk_sz;
+		while (!is_deblk_end(&p, &deblk_end) && offset < file->f_pos) {
+			unsigned int l;
+
+			l = calc_size(p.de->de_str.len);
+			offset += l;
+			p.deblk += l;
+		}
+		if (!is_deblk_end(&p, &deblk_end)) {
+			valid = 1;
+			vdir_cache->vd_last.ul = ul;
+			vdir_cache->vd_last.p = p;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+out:
+	/* smp_mb(); */
+	AuTraceErr(!valid);
+	return valid;
+}
+
+int au_vdir_fill_de(struct file *file, void *dirent, filldir_t filldir)
+{
+	int err;
+	unsigned int l, deblk_sz;
+	union au_vdir_deblk_p deblk_end;
+	struct au_vdir *vdir_cache;
+	struct au_vdir_de *de;
+
+	vdir_cache = au_fvdir_cache(file);
+	if (!seek_vdir(file))
+		return 0;
+
+	deblk_sz = vdir_cache->vd_deblk_sz;
+	while (1) {
+		deblk_end.deblk = vdir_cache->vd_deblk[vdir_cache->vd_last.ul];
+		deblk_end.deblk += deblk_sz;
+		while (!is_deblk_end(&vdir_cache->vd_last.p, &deblk_end)) {
+			de = vdir_cache->vd_last.p.de;
+			AuDbg("%.*s, off%lld, i%lu, dt%d\n",
+			      de->de_str.len, de->de_str.name, file->f_pos,
+			      (unsigned long)de->de_ino, de->de_type);
+			err = filldir(dirent, de->de_str.name, de->de_str.len,
+				      file->f_pos, de->de_ino, de->de_type);
+			if (unlikely(err)) {
+				AuTraceErr(err);
+				/* todo: ignore the error caused by udba? */
+				/* return err; */
+				return 0;
+			}
+
+			l = calc_size(de->de_str.len);
+			vdir_cache->vd_last.p.deblk += l;
+			file->f_pos += l;
+		}
+		if (vdir_cache->vd_last.ul < vdir_cache->vd_nblk - 1) {
+			vdir_cache->vd_last.ul++;
+			vdir_cache->vd_last.p.deblk
+				= vdir_cache->vd_deblk[vdir_cache->vd_last.ul];
+			file->f_pos = deblk_sz * vdir_cache->vd_last.ul;
+			continue;
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+
+	/* smp_mb(); */
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/vfsub.c b/ubuntu/aufs/vfsub.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..331ab17fb5c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/vfsub.c
@@ -0,0 +1,835 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * sub-routines for VFS
+ */
+
+#include <linux/ima.h>
+#include <linux/namei.h>
+#include <linux/security.h>
+#include <linux/splice.h>
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+int vfsub_update_h_iattr(struct path *h_path, int *did)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct kstat st;
+	struct super_block *h_sb;
+
+	/* for remote fs, leave work for its getattr or d_revalidate */
+	/* for bad i_attr fs, handle them in aufs_getattr() */
+	/* still some fs may acquire i_mutex. we need to skip them */
+	err = 0;
+	if (!did)
+		did = &err;
+	h_sb = h_path->dentry->d_sb;
+	*did = (!au_test_fs_remote(h_sb) && au_test_fs_refresh_iattr(h_sb));
+	if (*did)
+		err = vfs_getattr(h_path->mnt, h_path->dentry, &st);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+struct file *vfsub_dentry_open(struct path *path, int flags)
+{
+	struct file *file;
+
+	path_get(path);
+	file = dentry_open(path->dentry, path->mnt,
+			   flags /* | __FMODE_NONOTIFY */,
+			   current_cred());
+	if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(file)
+	    && (file->f_mode & (FMODE_READ | FMODE_WRITE)) == FMODE_READ)
+		i_readcount_inc(path->dentry->d_inode);
+
+	return file;
+}
+
+struct file *vfsub_filp_open(const char *path, int oflags, int mode)
+{
+	struct file *file;
+
+	lockdep_off();
+	file = filp_open(path,
+			 oflags /* | __FMODE_NONOTIFY */,
+			 mode);
+	lockdep_on();
+	if (IS_ERR(file))
+		goto out;
+	vfsub_update_h_iattr(&file->f_path, /*did*/NULL); /*ignore*/
+
+out:
+	return file;
+}
+
+int vfsub_kern_path(const char *name, unsigned int flags, struct path *path)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	err = kern_path(name, flags, path);
+	if (!err && path->dentry->d_inode)
+		vfsub_update_h_iattr(path, /*did*/NULL); /*ignore*/
+	return err;
+}
+
+struct dentry *vfsub_lookup_one_len(const char *name, struct dentry *parent,
+				    int len)
+{
+	struct path path = {
+		.mnt = NULL
+	};
+
+	/* VFS checks it too, but by WARN_ON_ONCE() */
+	IMustLock(parent->d_inode);
+
+	path.dentry = lookup_one_len(name, parent, len);
+	if (IS_ERR(path.dentry))
+		goto out;
+	if (path.dentry->d_inode)
+		vfsub_update_h_iattr(&path, /*did*/NULL); /*ignore*/
+
+out:
+	AuTraceErrPtr(path.dentry);
+	return path.dentry;
+}
+
+struct dentry *vfsub_lookup_hash(struct nameidata *nd)
+{
+	struct path path = {
+		.mnt = nd->path.mnt
+	};
+
+	IMustLock(nd->path.dentry->d_inode);
+
+	path.dentry = lookup_hash(nd);
+	if (IS_ERR(path.dentry))
+		goto out;
+	if (path.dentry->d_inode)
+		vfsub_update_h_iattr(&path, /*did*/NULL); /*ignore*/
+
+out:
+	AuTraceErrPtr(path.dentry);
+	return path.dentry;
+}
+
+/*
+ * this is "VFS:__lookup_one_len()" which was removed and merged into
+ * VFS:lookup_one_len() by the commit.
+ *	6a96ba5 2011-03-14 kill __lookup_one_len()
+ * this function should always be equivalent to the corresponding part in
+ * VFS:lookup_one_len().
+ */
+int vfsub_name_hash(const char *name, struct qstr *this, int len)
+{
+	unsigned long hash;
+	unsigned int c;
+
+	this->name = name;
+	this->len = len;
+	if (!len)
+		return -EACCES;
+
+	hash = init_name_hash();
+	while (len--) {
+		c = *(const unsigned char *)name++;
+		if (c == '/' || c == '\0')
+			return -EACCES;
+		hash = partial_name_hash(c, hash);
+	}
+	this->hash = end_name_hash(hash);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+struct dentry *vfsub_lock_rename(struct dentry *d1, struct au_hinode *hdir1,
+				 struct dentry *d2, struct au_hinode *hdir2)
+{
+	struct dentry *d;
+
+	lockdep_off();
+	d = lock_rename(d1, d2);
+	lockdep_on();
+	au_hn_suspend(hdir1);
+	if (hdir1 != hdir2)
+		au_hn_suspend(hdir2);
+
+	return d;
+}
+
+void vfsub_unlock_rename(struct dentry *d1, struct au_hinode *hdir1,
+			 struct dentry *d2, struct au_hinode *hdir2)
+{
+	au_hn_resume(hdir1);
+	if (hdir1 != hdir2)
+		au_hn_resume(hdir2);
+	lockdep_off();
+	unlock_rename(d1, d2);
+	lockdep_on();
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+int vfsub_create(struct inode *dir, struct path *path, int mode)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct dentry *d;
+
+	IMustLock(dir);
+
+	d = path->dentry;
+	path->dentry = d->d_parent;
+	err = security_path_mknod(path, d, mode, 0);
+	path->dentry = d;
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	if (au_test_fs_null_nd(dir->i_sb))
+		err = vfs_create(dir, path->dentry, mode, NULL);
+	else {
+		struct nameidata h_nd;
+
+		memset(&h_nd, 0, sizeof(h_nd));
+		h_nd.flags = LOOKUP_CREATE;
+		h_nd.intent.open.flags = O_CREAT
+			| vfsub_fmode_to_uint(FMODE_READ);
+		h_nd.intent.open.create_mode = mode;
+		h_nd.path.dentry = path->dentry->d_parent;
+		h_nd.path.mnt = path->mnt;
+		path_get(&h_nd.path);
+		err = vfs_create(dir, path->dentry, mode, &h_nd);
+		path_put(&h_nd.path);
+	}
+
+	if (!err) {
+		struct path tmp = *path;
+		int did;
+
+		vfsub_update_h_iattr(&tmp, &did);
+		if (did) {
+			tmp.dentry = path->dentry->d_parent;
+			vfsub_update_h_iattr(&tmp, /*did*/NULL);
+		}
+		/*ignore*/
+	}
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+int vfsub_symlink(struct inode *dir, struct path *path, const char *symname)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct dentry *d;
+
+	IMustLock(dir);
+
+	d = path->dentry;
+	path->dentry = d->d_parent;
+	err = security_path_symlink(path, d, symname);
+	path->dentry = d;
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = vfs_symlink(dir, path->dentry, symname);
+	if (!err) {
+		struct path tmp = *path;
+		int did;
+
+		vfsub_update_h_iattr(&tmp, &did);
+		if (did) {
+			tmp.dentry = path->dentry->d_parent;
+			vfsub_update_h_iattr(&tmp, /*did*/NULL);
+		}
+		/*ignore*/
+	}
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+int vfsub_mknod(struct inode *dir, struct path *path, int mode, dev_t dev)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct dentry *d;
+
+	IMustLock(dir);
+
+	d = path->dentry;
+	path->dentry = d->d_parent;
+	err = security_path_mknod(path, d, mode, new_encode_dev(dev));
+	path->dentry = d;
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = vfs_mknod(dir, path->dentry, mode, dev);
+	if (!err) {
+		struct path tmp = *path;
+		int did;
+
+		vfsub_update_h_iattr(&tmp, &did);
+		if (did) {
+			tmp.dentry = path->dentry->d_parent;
+			vfsub_update_h_iattr(&tmp, /*did*/NULL);
+		}
+		/*ignore*/
+	}
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int au_test_nlink(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	const unsigned int link_max = UINT_MAX >> 1; /* rough margin */
+
+	if (!au_test_fs_no_limit_nlink(inode->i_sb)
+	    || inode->i_nlink < link_max)
+		return 0;
+	return -EMLINK;
+}
+
+int vfsub_link(struct dentry *src_dentry, struct inode *dir, struct path *path)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct dentry *d;
+
+	IMustLock(dir);
+
+	err = au_test_nlink(src_dentry->d_inode);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		return err;
+
+	d = path->dentry;
+	path->dentry = d->d_parent;
+	err = security_path_link(src_dentry, path, d);
+	path->dentry = d;
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	lockdep_off();
+	err = vfs_link(src_dentry, dir, path->dentry);
+	lockdep_on();
+	if (!err) {
+		struct path tmp = *path;
+		int did;
+
+		/* fuse has different memory inode for the same inumber */
+		vfsub_update_h_iattr(&tmp, &did);
+		if (did) {
+			tmp.dentry = path->dentry->d_parent;
+			vfsub_update_h_iattr(&tmp, /*did*/NULL);
+			tmp.dentry = src_dentry;
+			vfsub_update_h_iattr(&tmp, /*did*/NULL);
+		}
+		/*ignore*/
+	}
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+int vfsub_rename(struct inode *src_dir, struct dentry *src_dentry,
+		 struct inode *dir, struct path *path)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct path tmp = {
+		.mnt	= path->mnt
+	};
+	struct dentry *d;
+
+	IMustLock(dir);
+	IMustLock(src_dir);
+
+	d = path->dentry;
+	path->dentry = d->d_parent;
+	tmp.dentry = src_dentry->d_parent;
+	err = security_path_rename(&tmp, src_dentry, path, d);
+	path->dentry = d;
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	lockdep_off();
+	err = vfs_rename(src_dir, src_dentry, dir, path->dentry);
+	lockdep_on();
+	if (!err) {
+		int did;
+
+		tmp.dentry = d->d_parent;
+		vfsub_update_h_iattr(&tmp, &did);
+		if (did) {
+			tmp.dentry = src_dentry;
+			vfsub_update_h_iattr(&tmp, /*did*/NULL);
+			tmp.dentry = src_dentry->d_parent;
+			vfsub_update_h_iattr(&tmp, /*did*/NULL);
+		}
+		/*ignore*/
+	}
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+int vfsub_mkdir(struct inode *dir, struct path *path, int mode)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct dentry *d;
+
+	IMustLock(dir);
+
+	d = path->dentry;
+	path->dentry = d->d_parent;
+	err = security_path_mkdir(path, d, mode);
+	path->dentry = d;
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = vfs_mkdir(dir, path->dentry, mode);
+	if (!err) {
+		struct path tmp = *path;
+		int did;
+
+		vfsub_update_h_iattr(&tmp, &did);
+		if (did) {
+			tmp.dentry = path->dentry->d_parent;
+			vfsub_update_h_iattr(&tmp, /*did*/NULL);
+		}
+		/*ignore*/
+	}
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+int vfsub_rmdir(struct inode *dir, struct path *path)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct dentry *d;
+
+	IMustLock(dir);
+
+	d = path->dentry;
+	path->dentry = d->d_parent;
+	err = security_path_rmdir(path, d);
+	path->dentry = d;
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	lockdep_off();
+	err = vfs_rmdir(dir, path->dentry);
+	lockdep_on();
+	if (!err) {
+		struct path tmp = {
+			.dentry	= path->dentry->d_parent,
+			.mnt	= path->mnt
+		};
+
+		vfsub_update_h_iattr(&tmp, /*did*/NULL); /*ignore*/
+	}
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* todo: support mmap_sem? */
+ssize_t vfsub_read_u(struct file *file, char __user *ubuf, size_t count,
+		     loff_t *ppos)
+{
+	ssize_t err;
+
+	lockdep_off();
+	err = vfs_read(file, ubuf, count, ppos);
+	lockdep_on();
+	if (err >= 0)
+		vfsub_update_h_iattr(&file->f_path, /*did*/NULL); /*ignore*/
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* todo: kernel_read()? */
+ssize_t vfsub_read_k(struct file *file, void *kbuf, size_t count,
+		     loff_t *ppos)
+{
+	ssize_t err;
+	mm_segment_t oldfs;
+	union {
+		void *k;
+		char __user *u;
+	} buf;
+
+	buf.k = kbuf;
+	oldfs = get_fs();
+	set_fs(KERNEL_DS);
+	err = vfsub_read_u(file, buf.u, count, ppos);
+	set_fs(oldfs);
+	return err;
+}
+
+ssize_t vfsub_write_u(struct file *file, const char __user *ubuf, size_t count,
+		      loff_t *ppos)
+{
+	ssize_t err;
+
+	lockdep_off();
+	err = vfs_write(file, ubuf, count, ppos);
+	lockdep_on();
+	if (err >= 0)
+		vfsub_update_h_iattr(&file->f_path, /*did*/NULL); /*ignore*/
+	return err;
+}
+
+ssize_t vfsub_write_k(struct file *file, void *kbuf, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
+{
+	ssize_t err;
+	mm_segment_t oldfs;
+	union {
+		void *k;
+		const char __user *u;
+	} buf;
+
+	buf.k = kbuf;
+	oldfs = get_fs();
+	set_fs(KERNEL_DS);
+	err = vfsub_write_u(file, buf.u, count, ppos);
+	set_fs(oldfs);
+	return err;
+}
+
+int vfsub_flush(struct file *file, fl_owner_t id)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	err = 0;
+	if (file->f_op && file->f_op->flush) {
+		if (!au_test_nfs(file->f_dentry->d_sb))
+			err = file->f_op->flush(file, id);
+		else {
+			lockdep_off();
+			err = file->f_op->flush(file, id);
+			lockdep_on();
+		}
+		if (!err)
+			vfsub_update_h_iattr(&file->f_path, /*did*/NULL);
+		/*ignore*/
+	}
+	return err;
+}
+
+int vfsub_readdir(struct file *file, filldir_t filldir, void *arg)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	lockdep_off();
+	err = vfs_readdir(file, filldir, arg);
+	lockdep_on();
+	if (err >= 0)
+		vfsub_update_h_iattr(&file->f_path, /*did*/NULL); /*ignore*/
+	return err;
+}
+
+long vfsub_splice_to(struct file *in, loff_t *ppos,
+		     struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, size_t len,
+		     unsigned int flags)
+{
+	long err;
+
+	lockdep_off();
+	err = do_splice_to(in, ppos, pipe, len, flags);
+	lockdep_on();
+	file_accessed(in);
+	if (err >= 0)
+		vfsub_update_h_iattr(&in->f_path, /*did*/NULL); /*ignore*/
+	return err;
+}
+
+long vfsub_splice_from(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct file *out,
+		       loff_t *ppos, size_t len, unsigned int flags)
+{
+	long err;
+
+	lockdep_off();
+	err = do_splice_from(pipe, out, ppos, len, flags);
+	lockdep_on();
+	if (err >= 0)
+		vfsub_update_h_iattr(&out->f_path, /*did*/NULL); /*ignore*/
+	return err;
+}
+
+int vfsub_fsync(struct file *file, struct path *path, int datasync)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	/* file can be NULL */
+	lockdep_off();
+	err = vfs_fsync(file, datasync);
+	lockdep_on();
+	if (!err) {
+		if (!path) {
+			AuDebugOn(!file);
+			path = &file->f_path;
+		}
+		vfsub_update_h_iattr(path, /*did*/NULL); /*ignore*/
+	}
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* cf. open.c:do_sys_truncate() and do_sys_ftruncate() */
+int vfsub_trunc(struct path *h_path, loff_t length, unsigned int attr,
+		struct file *h_file)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct inode *h_inode;
+
+	h_inode = h_path->dentry->d_inode;
+	if (!h_file) {
+		err = mnt_want_write(h_path->mnt);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+		err = inode_permission(h_inode, MAY_WRITE);
+		if (err)
+			goto out_mnt;
+		err = get_write_access(h_inode);
+		if (err)
+			goto out_mnt;
+		err = break_lease(h_inode, O_WRONLY);
+		if (err)
+			goto out_inode;
+	}
+
+	err = locks_verify_truncate(h_inode, h_file, length);
+	if (!err)
+		err = security_path_truncate(h_path);
+	if (!err) {
+		lockdep_off();
+		err = do_truncate(h_path->dentry, length, attr, h_file);
+		lockdep_on();
+	}
+
+out_inode:
+	if (!h_file)
+		put_write_access(h_inode);
+out_mnt:
+	if (!h_file)
+		mnt_drop_write(h_path->mnt);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+struct au_vfsub_mkdir_args {
+	int *errp;
+	struct inode *dir;
+	struct path *path;
+	int mode;
+};
+
+static void au_call_vfsub_mkdir(void *args)
+{
+	struct au_vfsub_mkdir_args *a = args;
+	*a->errp = vfsub_mkdir(a->dir, a->path, a->mode);
+}
+
+int vfsub_sio_mkdir(struct inode *dir, struct path *path, int mode)
+{
+	int err, do_sio, wkq_err;
+
+	do_sio = au_test_h_perm_sio(dir, MAY_EXEC | MAY_WRITE);
+	if (!do_sio)
+		err = vfsub_mkdir(dir, path, mode);
+	else {
+		struct au_vfsub_mkdir_args args = {
+			.errp	= &err,
+			.dir	= dir,
+			.path	= path,
+			.mode	= mode
+		};
+		wkq_err = au_wkq_wait(au_call_vfsub_mkdir, &args);
+		if (unlikely(wkq_err))
+			err = wkq_err;
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+struct au_vfsub_rmdir_args {
+	int *errp;
+	struct inode *dir;
+	struct path *path;
+};
+
+static void au_call_vfsub_rmdir(void *args)
+{
+	struct au_vfsub_rmdir_args *a = args;
+	*a->errp = vfsub_rmdir(a->dir, a->path);
+}
+
+int vfsub_sio_rmdir(struct inode *dir, struct path *path)
+{
+	int err, do_sio, wkq_err;
+
+	do_sio = au_test_h_perm_sio(dir, MAY_EXEC | MAY_WRITE);
+	if (!do_sio)
+		err = vfsub_rmdir(dir, path);
+	else {
+		struct au_vfsub_rmdir_args args = {
+			.errp	= &err,
+			.dir	= dir,
+			.path	= path
+		};
+		wkq_err = au_wkq_wait(au_call_vfsub_rmdir, &args);
+		if (unlikely(wkq_err))
+			err = wkq_err;
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+struct notify_change_args {
+	int *errp;
+	struct path *path;
+	struct iattr *ia;
+};
+
+static void call_notify_change(void *args)
+{
+	struct notify_change_args *a = args;
+	struct inode *h_inode;
+
+	h_inode = a->path->dentry->d_inode;
+	IMustLock(h_inode);
+
+	*a->errp = -EPERM;
+	if (!IS_IMMUTABLE(h_inode) && !IS_APPEND(h_inode)) {
+		*a->errp = notify_change(a->path->dentry, a->ia);
+		if (!*a->errp)
+			vfsub_update_h_iattr(a->path, /*did*/NULL); /*ignore*/
+	}
+	AuTraceErr(*a->errp);
+}
+
+int vfsub_notify_change(struct path *path, struct iattr *ia)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct notify_change_args args = {
+		.errp	= &err,
+		.path	= path,
+		.ia	= ia
+	};
+
+	call_notify_change(&args);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+int vfsub_sio_notify_change(struct path *path, struct iattr *ia)
+{
+	int err, wkq_err;
+	struct notify_change_args args = {
+		.errp	= &err,
+		.path	= path,
+		.ia	= ia
+	};
+
+	wkq_err = au_wkq_wait(call_notify_change, &args);
+	if (unlikely(wkq_err))
+		err = wkq_err;
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+struct unlink_args {
+	int *errp;
+	struct inode *dir;
+	struct path *path;
+};
+
+static void call_unlink(void *args)
+{
+	struct unlink_args *a = args;
+	struct dentry *d = a->path->dentry;
+	struct inode *h_inode;
+	const int stop_sillyrename = (au_test_nfs(d->d_sb)
+				      && d->d_count == 1);
+
+	IMustLock(a->dir);
+
+	a->path->dentry = d->d_parent;
+	*a->errp = security_path_unlink(a->path, d);
+	a->path->dentry = d;
+	if (unlikely(*a->errp))
+		return;
+
+	if (!stop_sillyrename)
+		dget(d);
+	h_inode = d->d_inode;
+	if (h_inode)
+		ihold(h_inode);
+
+	lockdep_off();
+	*a->errp = vfs_unlink(a->dir, d);
+	lockdep_on();
+	if (!*a->errp) {
+		struct path tmp = {
+			.dentry = d->d_parent,
+			.mnt	= a->path->mnt
+		};
+		vfsub_update_h_iattr(&tmp, /*did*/NULL); /*ignore*/
+	}
+
+	if (!stop_sillyrename)
+		dput(d);
+	if (h_inode)
+		iput(h_inode);
+
+	AuTraceErr(*a->errp);
+}
+
+/*
+ * @dir: must be locked.
+ * @dentry: target dentry.
+ */
+int vfsub_unlink(struct inode *dir, struct path *path, int force)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct unlink_args args = {
+		.errp	= &err,
+		.dir	= dir,
+		.path	= path
+	};
+
+	if (!force)
+		call_unlink(&args);
+	else {
+		int wkq_err;
+
+		wkq_err = au_wkq_wait(call_unlink, &args);
+		if (unlikely(wkq_err))
+			err = wkq_err;
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/vfsub.h b/ubuntu/aufs/vfsub.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ce4d5b683eb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/vfsub.h
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * sub-routines for VFS
+ */
+
+#ifndef __AUFS_VFSUB_H__
+#define __AUFS_VFSUB_H__
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/lglock.h>
+#include "debug.h"
+
+/* copied from linux/fs/internal.h */
+/* todo: BAD approach!! */
+DECLARE_BRLOCK(vfsmount_lock);
+extern void file_sb_list_del(struct file *f);
+extern spinlock_t inode_sb_list_lock;
+
+/* copied from linux/fs/file_table.c */
+DECLARE_LGLOCK(files_lglock);
+#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
+/*
+ * These macros iterate all files on all CPUs for a given superblock.
+ * files_lglock must be held globally.
+ */
+#define do_file_list_for_each_entry(__sb, __file)		\
+{								\
+	int i;							\
+	for_each_possible_cpu(i) {				\
+		struct list_head *list;				\
+		list = per_cpu_ptr((__sb)->s_files, i);		\
+		list_for_each_entry((__file), list, f_u.fu_list)
+
+#define while_file_list_for_each_entry				\
+	}							\
+}
+
+#else
+
+#define do_file_list_for_each_entry(__sb, __file)		\
+{								\
+	struct list_head *list;					\
+	list = &(sb)->s_files;					\
+	list_for_each_entry((__file), list, f_u.fu_list)
+
+#define while_file_list_for_each_entry				\
+}
+#endif
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* lock subclass for lower inode */
+/* default MAX_LOCKDEP_SUBCLASSES(8) is not enough */
+/* reduce? gave up. */
+enum {
+	AuLsc_I_Begin = I_MUTEX_QUOTA, /* 4 */
+	AuLsc_I_PARENT,		/* lower inode, parent first */
+	AuLsc_I_PARENT2,	/* copyup dirs */
+	AuLsc_I_PARENT3,	/* copyup wh */
+	AuLsc_I_CHILD,
+	AuLsc_I_CHILD2,
+	AuLsc_I_End
+};
+
+/* to debug easier, do not make them inlined functions */
+#define MtxMustLock(mtx)	AuDebugOn(!mutex_is_locked(mtx))
+#define IMustLock(i)		MtxMustLock(&(i)->i_mutex)
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static inline void vfsub_drop_nlink(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	AuDebugOn(!inode->i_nlink);
+	drop_nlink(inode);
+}
+
+static inline void vfsub_dead_dir(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	AuDebugOn(!S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode));
+	inode->i_flags |= S_DEAD;
+	clear_nlink(inode);
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+int vfsub_update_h_iattr(struct path *h_path, int *did);
+struct file *vfsub_dentry_open(struct path *path, int flags);
+struct file *vfsub_filp_open(const char *path, int oflags, int mode);
+int vfsub_kern_path(const char *name, unsigned int flags, struct path *path);
+struct dentry *vfsub_lookup_one_len(const char *name, struct dentry *parent,
+				    int len);
+struct dentry *vfsub_lookup_hash(struct nameidata *nd);
+int vfsub_name_hash(const char *name, struct qstr *this, int len);
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+struct au_hinode;
+struct dentry *vfsub_lock_rename(struct dentry *d1, struct au_hinode *hdir1,
+				 struct dentry *d2, struct au_hinode *hdir2);
+void vfsub_unlock_rename(struct dentry *d1, struct au_hinode *hdir1,
+			 struct dentry *d2, struct au_hinode *hdir2);
+
+int vfsub_create(struct inode *dir, struct path *path, int mode);
+int vfsub_symlink(struct inode *dir, struct path *path,
+		  const char *symname);
+int vfsub_mknod(struct inode *dir, struct path *path, int mode, dev_t dev);
+int vfsub_link(struct dentry *src_dentry, struct inode *dir,
+	       struct path *path);
+int vfsub_rename(struct inode *src_hdir, struct dentry *src_dentry,
+		 struct inode *hdir, struct path *path);
+int vfsub_mkdir(struct inode *dir, struct path *path, int mode);
+int vfsub_rmdir(struct inode *dir, struct path *path);
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+ssize_t vfsub_read_u(struct file *file, char __user *ubuf, size_t count,
+		     loff_t *ppos);
+ssize_t vfsub_read_k(struct file *file, void *kbuf, size_t count,
+			loff_t *ppos);
+ssize_t vfsub_write_u(struct file *file, const char __user *ubuf, size_t count,
+		      loff_t *ppos);
+ssize_t vfsub_write_k(struct file *file, void *kbuf, size_t count,
+		      loff_t *ppos);
+int vfsub_flush(struct file *file, fl_owner_t id);
+int vfsub_readdir(struct file *file, filldir_t filldir, void *arg);
+
+static inline unsigned int vfsub_file_flags(struct file *file)
+{
+	unsigned int flags;
+
+	spin_lock(&file->f_lock);
+	flags = file->f_flags;
+	spin_unlock(&file->f_lock);
+
+	return flags;
+}
+
+static inline void vfsub_file_accessed(struct file *h_file)
+{
+	file_accessed(h_file);
+	vfsub_update_h_iattr(&h_file->f_path, /*did*/NULL); /*ignore*/
+}
+
+static inline void vfsub_touch_atime(struct vfsmount *h_mnt,
+				     struct dentry *h_dentry)
+{
+	struct path h_path = {
+		.dentry	= h_dentry,
+		.mnt	= h_mnt
+	};
+	touch_atime(h_mnt, h_dentry);
+	vfsub_update_h_iattr(&h_path, /*did*/NULL); /*ignore*/
+}
+
+long vfsub_splice_to(struct file *in, loff_t *ppos,
+		     struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, size_t len,
+		     unsigned int flags);
+long vfsub_splice_from(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct file *out,
+		       loff_t *ppos, size_t len, unsigned int flags);
+int vfsub_trunc(struct path *h_path, loff_t length, unsigned int attr,
+		struct file *h_file);
+int vfsub_fsync(struct file *file, struct path *path, int datasync);
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static inline loff_t vfsub_llseek(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int origin)
+{
+	loff_t err;
+
+	lockdep_off();
+	err = vfs_llseek(file, offset, origin);
+	lockdep_on();
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* dirty workaround for strict type of fmode_t */
+union vfsub_fmu {
+	fmode_t fm;
+	unsigned int ui;
+};
+
+static inline unsigned int vfsub_fmode_to_uint(fmode_t fm)
+{
+	union vfsub_fmu u = {
+		.fm = fm
+	};
+
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(u.fm) != sizeof(u.ui));
+
+	return u.ui;
+}
+
+static inline fmode_t vfsub_uint_to_fmode(unsigned int ui)
+{
+	union vfsub_fmu u = {
+		.ui = ui
+	};
+
+	return u.fm;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+int vfsub_sio_mkdir(struct inode *dir, struct path *path, int mode);
+int vfsub_sio_rmdir(struct inode *dir, struct path *path);
+int vfsub_sio_notify_change(struct path *path, struct iattr *ia);
+int vfsub_notify_change(struct path *path, struct iattr *ia);
+int vfsub_unlink(struct inode *dir, struct path *path, int force);
+
+#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
+#endif /* __AUFS_VFSUB_H__ */
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/wbr_policy.c b/ubuntu/aufs/wbr_policy.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2bf2efaa33b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/wbr_policy.c
@@ -0,0 +1,700 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * policies for selecting one among multiple writable branches
+ */
+
+#include <linux/statfs.h>
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+/* subset of cpup_attr() */
+static noinline_for_stack
+int au_cpdown_attr(struct path *h_path, struct dentry *h_src)
+{
+	int err, sbits;
+	struct iattr ia;
+	struct inode *h_isrc;
+
+	h_isrc = h_src->d_inode;
+	ia.ia_valid = ATTR_FORCE | ATTR_MODE | ATTR_UID | ATTR_GID;
+	ia.ia_mode = h_isrc->i_mode;
+	ia.ia_uid = h_isrc->i_uid;
+	ia.ia_gid = h_isrc->i_gid;
+	sbits = !!(ia.ia_mode & (S_ISUID | S_ISGID));
+	au_cpup_attr_flags(h_path->dentry->d_inode, h_isrc);
+	err = vfsub_sio_notify_change(h_path, &ia);
+
+	/* is this nfs only? */
+	if (!err && sbits && au_test_nfs(h_path->dentry->d_sb)) {
+		ia.ia_valid = ATTR_FORCE | ATTR_MODE;
+		ia.ia_mode = h_isrc->i_mode;
+		err = vfsub_sio_notify_change(h_path, &ia);
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+#define AuCpdown_PARENT_OPQ	1
+#define AuCpdown_WHED		(1 << 1)
+#define AuCpdown_MADE_DIR	(1 << 2)
+#define AuCpdown_DIROPQ		(1 << 3)
+#define au_ftest_cpdown(flags, name)	((flags) & AuCpdown_##name)
+#define au_fset_cpdown(flags, name) \
+	do { (flags) |= AuCpdown_##name; } while (0)
+#define au_fclr_cpdown(flags, name) \
+	do { (flags) &= ~AuCpdown_##name; } while (0)
+
+struct au_cpdown_dir_args {
+	struct dentry *parent;
+	unsigned int flags;
+};
+
+static int au_cpdown_dir_opq(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bdst,
+			     struct au_cpdown_dir_args *a)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct dentry *opq_dentry;
+
+	opq_dentry = au_diropq_create(dentry, bdst);
+	err = PTR_ERR(opq_dentry);
+	if (IS_ERR(opq_dentry))
+		goto out;
+	dput(opq_dentry);
+	au_fset_cpdown(a->flags, DIROPQ);
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int au_cpdown_dir_wh(struct dentry *dentry, struct dentry *h_parent,
+			    struct inode *dir, aufs_bindex_t bdst)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct path h_path;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+
+	br = au_sbr(dentry->d_sb, bdst);
+	h_path.dentry = au_wh_lkup(h_parent, &dentry->d_name, br);
+	err = PTR_ERR(h_path.dentry);
+	if (IS_ERR(h_path.dentry))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = 0;
+	if (h_path.dentry->d_inode) {
+		h_path.mnt = br->br_mnt;
+		err = au_wh_unlink_dentry(au_h_iptr(dir, bdst), &h_path,
+					  dentry);
+	}
+	dput(h_path.dentry);
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int au_cpdown_dir(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bdst,
+			 struct dentry *h_parent, void *arg)
+{
+	int err, rerr;
+	aufs_bindex_t bopq, bstart;
+	struct path h_path;
+	struct dentry *parent;
+	struct inode *h_dir, *h_inode, *inode, *dir;
+	struct au_cpdown_dir_args *args = arg;
+
+	bstart = au_dbstart(dentry);
+	/* dentry is di-locked */
+	parent = dget_parent(dentry);
+	dir = parent->d_inode;
+	h_dir = h_parent->d_inode;
+	AuDebugOn(h_dir != au_h_iptr(dir, bdst));
+	IMustLock(h_dir);
+
+	err = au_lkup_neg(dentry, bdst);
+	if (unlikely(err < 0))
+		goto out;
+	h_path.dentry = au_h_dptr(dentry, bdst);
+	h_path.mnt = au_sbr_mnt(dentry->d_sb, bdst);
+	err = vfsub_sio_mkdir(au_h_iptr(dir, bdst), &h_path,
+			      S_IRWXU | S_IRUGO | S_IXUGO);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_put;
+	au_fset_cpdown(args->flags, MADE_DIR);
+
+	bopq = au_dbdiropq(dentry);
+	au_fclr_cpdown(args->flags, WHED);
+	au_fclr_cpdown(args->flags, DIROPQ);
+	if (au_dbwh(dentry) == bdst)
+		au_fset_cpdown(args->flags, WHED);
+	if (!au_ftest_cpdown(args->flags, PARENT_OPQ) && bopq <= bdst)
+		au_fset_cpdown(args->flags, PARENT_OPQ);
+	h_inode = h_path.dentry->d_inode;
+	mutex_lock_nested(&h_inode->i_mutex, AuLsc_I_CHILD);
+	if (au_ftest_cpdown(args->flags, WHED)) {
+		err = au_cpdown_dir_opq(dentry, bdst, args);
+		if (unlikely(err)) {
+			mutex_unlock(&h_inode->i_mutex);
+			goto out_dir;
+		}
+	}
+
+	err = au_cpdown_attr(&h_path, au_h_dptr(dentry, bstart));
+	mutex_unlock(&h_inode->i_mutex);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_opq;
+
+	if (au_ftest_cpdown(args->flags, WHED)) {
+		err = au_cpdown_dir_wh(dentry, h_parent, dir, bdst);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out_opq;
+	}
+
+	inode = dentry->d_inode;
+	if (au_ibend(inode) < bdst)
+		au_set_ibend(inode, bdst);
+	au_set_h_iptr(inode, bdst, au_igrab(h_inode),
+		      au_hi_flags(inode, /*isdir*/1));
+	goto out; /* success */
+
+	/* revert */
+out_opq:
+	if (au_ftest_cpdown(args->flags, DIROPQ)) {
+		mutex_lock_nested(&h_inode->i_mutex, AuLsc_I_CHILD);
+		rerr = au_diropq_remove(dentry, bdst);
+		mutex_unlock(&h_inode->i_mutex);
+		if (unlikely(rerr)) {
+			AuIOErr("failed removing diropq for %.*s b%d (%d)\n",
+				AuDLNPair(dentry), bdst, rerr);
+			err = -EIO;
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+out_dir:
+	if (au_ftest_cpdown(args->flags, MADE_DIR)) {
+		rerr = vfsub_sio_rmdir(au_h_iptr(dir, bdst), &h_path);
+		if (unlikely(rerr)) {
+			AuIOErr("failed removing %.*s b%d (%d)\n",
+				AuDLNPair(dentry), bdst, rerr);
+			err = -EIO;
+		}
+	}
+out_put:
+	au_set_h_dptr(dentry, bdst, NULL);
+	if (au_dbend(dentry) == bdst)
+		au_update_dbend(dentry);
+out:
+	dput(parent);
+	return err;
+}
+
+int au_cpdown_dirs(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bdst)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct au_cpdown_dir_args args = {
+		.parent	= dget_parent(dentry),
+		.flags	= 0
+	};
+
+	err = au_cp_dirs(dentry, bdst, au_cpdown_dir, &args);
+	dput(args.parent);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* policies for create */
+
+static int au_wbr_nonopq(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	int err, i, j, ndentry;
+	aufs_bindex_t bopq;
+	struct au_dcsub_pages dpages;
+	struct au_dpage *dpage;
+	struct dentry **dentries, *parent, *d;
+
+	err = au_dpages_init(&dpages, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+	parent = dget_parent(dentry);
+	err = au_dcsub_pages_rev_aufs(&dpages, parent, /*do_include*/0);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out_free;
+
+	err = bindex;
+	for (i = 0; i < dpages.ndpage; i++) {
+		dpage = dpages.dpages + i;
+		dentries = dpage->dentries;
+		ndentry = dpage->ndentry;
+		for (j = 0; j < ndentry; j++) {
+			d = dentries[j];
+			di_read_lock_parent2(d, !AuLock_IR);
+			bopq = au_dbdiropq(d);
+			di_read_unlock(d, !AuLock_IR);
+			if (bopq >= 0 && bopq < err)
+				err = bopq;
+		}
+	}
+
+out_free:
+	dput(parent);
+	au_dpages_free(&dpages);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int au_wbr_bu(struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	for (; bindex >= 0; bindex--)
+		if (!au_br_rdonly(au_sbr(sb, bindex)))
+			return bindex;
+	return -EROFS;
+}
+
+/* top down parent */
+static int au_wbr_create_tdp(struct dentry *dentry, int isdir __maybe_unused)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bstart, bindex;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct dentry *parent, *h_parent;
+
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	bstart = au_dbstart(dentry);
+	err = bstart;
+	if (!au_br_rdonly(au_sbr(sb, bstart)))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = -EROFS;
+	parent = dget_parent(dentry);
+	for (bindex = au_dbstart(parent); bindex < bstart; bindex++) {
+		h_parent = au_h_dptr(parent, bindex);
+		if (!h_parent || !h_parent->d_inode)
+			continue;
+
+		if (!au_br_rdonly(au_sbr(sb, bindex))) {
+			err = bindex;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	dput(parent);
+
+	/* bottom up here */
+	if (unlikely(err < 0)) {
+		err = au_wbr_bu(sb, bstart - 1);
+		if (err >= 0)
+			err = au_wbr_nonopq(dentry, err);
+	}
+
+out:
+	AuDbg("b%d\n", err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* an exception for the policy other than tdp */
+static int au_wbr_create_exp(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bwh, bdiropq;
+	struct dentry *parent;
+
+	err = -1;
+	bwh = au_dbwh(dentry);
+	parent = dget_parent(dentry);
+	bdiropq = au_dbdiropq(parent);
+	if (bwh >= 0) {
+		if (bdiropq >= 0)
+			err = min(bdiropq, bwh);
+		else
+			err = bwh;
+		AuDbg("%d\n", err);
+	} else if (bdiropq >= 0) {
+		err = bdiropq;
+		AuDbg("%d\n", err);
+	}
+	dput(parent);
+
+	if (err >= 0)
+		err = au_wbr_nonopq(dentry, err);
+
+	if (err >= 0 && au_br_rdonly(au_sbr(dentry->d_sb, err)))
+		err = -1;
+
+	AuDbg("%d\n", err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* round robin */
+static int au_wbr_create_init_rr(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	err = au_wbr_bu(sb, au_sbend(sb));
+	atomic_set(&au_sbi(sb)->si_wbr_rr_next, -err); /* less important */
+	/* smp_mb(); */
+
+	AuDbg("b%d\n", err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int au_wbr_create_rr(struct dentry *dentry, int isdir)
+{
+	int err, nbr;
+	unsigned int u;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, bend;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	atomic_t *next;
+
+	err = au_wbr_create_exp(dentry);
+	if (err >= 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	next = &au_sbi(sb)->si_wbr_rr_next;
+	bend = au_sbend(sb);
+	nbr = bend + 1;
+	for (bindex = 0; bindex <= bend; bindex++) {
+		if (!isdir) {
+			err = atomic_dec_return(next) + 1;
+			/* modulo for 0 is meaningless */
+			if (unlikely(!err))
+				err = atomic_dec_return(next) + 1;
+		} else
+			err = atomic_read(next);
+		AuDbg("%d\n", err);
+		u = err;
+		err = u % nbr;
+		AuDbg("%d\n", err);
+		if (!au_br_rdonly(au_sbr(sb, err)))
+			break;
+		err = -EROFS;
+	}
+
+	if (err >= 0)
+		err = au_wbr_nonopq(dentry, err);
+
+out:
+	AuDbg("%d\n", err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* most free space */
+static void au_mfs(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+	struct au_wbr_mfs *mfs;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, bend;
+	int err;
+	unsigned long long b, bavail;
+	struct path h_path;
+	/* reduce the stack usage */
+	struct kstatfs *st;
+
+	st = kmalloc(sizeof(*st), GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(!st)) {
+		AuWarn1("failed updating mfs(%d), ignored\n", -ENOMEM);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	bavail = 0;
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	mfs = &au_sbi(sb)->si_wbr_mfs;
+	MtxMustLock(&mfs->mfs_lock);
+	mfs->mfs_bindex = -EROFS;
+	mfs->mfsrr_bytes = 0;
+	bend = au_sbend(sb);
+	for (bindex = 0; bindex <= bend; bindex++) {
+		br = au_sbr(sb, bindex);
+		if (au_br_rdonly(br))
+			continue;
+
+		/* sb->s_root for NFS is unreliable */
+		h_path.mnt = br->br_mnt;
+		h_path.dentry = h_path.mnt->mnt_root;
+		err = vfs_statfs(&h_path, st);
+		if (unlikely(err)) {
+			AuWarn1("failed statfs, b%d, %d\n", bindex, err);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* when the available size is equal, select the lower one */
+		BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(b) < sizeof(st->f_bavail)
+			     || sizeof(b) < sizeof(st->f_bsize));
+		b = st->f_bavail * st->f_bsize;
+		br->br_wbr->wbr_bytes = b;
+		if (b >= bavail) {
+			bavail = b;
+			mfs->mfs_bindex = bindex;
+			mfs->mfs_jiffy = jiffies;
+		}
+	}
+
+	mfs->mfsrr_bytes = bavail;
+	AuDbg("b%d\n", mfs->mfs_bindex);
+	kfree(st);
+}
+
+static int au_wbr_create_mfs(struct dentry *dentry, int isdir __maybe_unused)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct au_wbr_mfs *mfs;
+
+	err = au_wbr_create_exp(dentry);
+	if (err >= 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	mfs = &au_sbi(sb)->si_wbr_mfs;
+	mutex_lock(&mfs->mfs_lock);
+	if (time_after(jiffies, mfs->mfs_jiffy + mfs->mfs_expire)
+	    || mfs->mfs_bindex < 0
+	    || au_br_rdonly(au_sbr(sb, mfs->mfs_bindex)))
+		au_mfs(dentry);
+	mutex_unlock(&mfs->mfs_lock);
+	err = mfs->mfs_bindex;
+
+	if (err >= 0)
+		err = au_wbr_nonopq(dentry, err);
+
+out:
+	AuDbg("b%d\n", err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int au_wbr_create_init_mfs(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	struct au_wbr_mfs *mfs;
+
+	mfs = &au_sbi(sb)->si_wbr_mfs;
+	mutex_init(&mfs->mfs_lock);
+	mfs->mfs_jiffy = 0;
+	mfs->mfs_bindex = -EROFS;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int au_wbr_create_fin_mfs(struct super_block *sb __maybe_unused)
+{
+	mutex_destroy(&au_sbi(sb)->si_wbr_mfs.mfs_lock);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* most free space and then round robin */
+static int au_wbr_create_mfsrr(struct dentry *dentry, int isdir)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct au_wbr_mfs *mfs;
+
+	err = au_wbr_create_mfs(dentry, isdir);
+	if (err >= 0) {
+		mfs = &au_sbi(dentry->d_sb)->si_wbr_mfs;
+		mutex_lock(&mfs->mfs_lock);
+		if (mfs->mfsrr_bytes < mfs->mfsrr_watermark)
+			err = au_wbr_create_rr(dentry, isdir);
+		mutex_unlock(&mfs->mfs_lock);
+	}
+
+	AuDbg("b%d\n", err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int au_wbr_create_init_mfsrr(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	au_wbr_create_init_mfs(sb); /* ignore */
+	err = au_wbr_create_init_rr(sb);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* top down parent and most free space */
+static int au_wbr_create_pmfs(struct dentry *dentry, int isdir)
+{
+	int err, e2;
+	unsigned long long b;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, bstart, bend;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct dentry *parent, *h_parent;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+
+	err = au_wbr_create_tdp(dentry, isdir);
+	if (unlikely(err < 0))
+		goto out;
+	parent = dget_parent(dentry);
+	bstart = au_dbstart(parent);
+	bend = au_dbtaildir(parent);
+	if (bstart == bend)
+		goto out_parent; /* success */
+
+	e2 = au_wbr_create_mfs(dentry, isdir);
+	if (e2 < 0)
+		goto out_parent; /* success */
+
+	/* when the available size is equal, select upper one */
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	br = au_sbr(sb, err);
+	b = br->br_wbr->wbr_bytes;
+	AuDbg("b%d, %llu\n", err, b);
+
+	for (bindex = bstart; bindex <= bend; bindex++) {
+		h_parent = au_h_dptr(parent, bindex);
+		if (!h_parent || !h_parent->d_inode)
+			continue;
+
+		br = au_sbr(sb, bindex);
+		if (!au_br_rdonly(br) && br->br_wbr->wbr_bytes > b) {
+			b = br->br_wbr->wbr_bytes;
+			err = bindex;
+			AuDbg("b%d, %llu\n", err, b);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (err >= 0)
+		err = au_wbr_nonopq(dentry, err);
+
+out_parent:
+	dput(parent);
+out:
+	AuDbg("b%d\n", err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* policies for copyup */
+
+/* top down parent */
+static int au_wbr_copyup_tdp(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	return au_wbr_create_tdp(dentry, /*isdir, anything is ok*/0);
+}
+
+/* bottom up parent */
+static int au_wbr_copyup_bup(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, bstart;
+	struct dentry *parent, *h_parent;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+
+	err = -EROFS;
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	parent = dget_parent(dentry);
+	bstart = au_dbstart(parent);
+	for (bindex = au_dbstart(dentry); bindex >= bstart; bindex--) {
+		h_parent = au_h_dptr(parent, bindex);
+		if (!h_parent || !h_parent->d_inode)
+			continue;
+
+		if (!au_br_rdonly(au_sbr(sb, bindex))) {
+			err = bindex;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	dput(parent);
+
+	/* bottom up here */
+	if (unlikely(err < 0))
+		err = au_wbr_bu(sb, bstart - 1);
+
+	AuDbg("b%d\n", err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* bottom up */
+static int au_wbr_copyup_bu(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bstart;
+
+	bstart = au_dbstart(dentry);
+	err = au_wbr_bu(dentry->d_sb, bstart);
+	AuDbg("b%d\n", err);
+	if (err > bstart)
+		err = au_wbr_nonopq(dentry, err);
+
+	AuDbg("b%d\n", err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+struct au_wbr_copyup_operations au_wbr_copyup_ops[] = {
+	[AuWbrCopyup_TDP] = {
+		.copyup	= au_wbr_copyup_tdp
+	},
+	[AuWbrCopyup_BUP] = {
+		.copyup	= au_wbr_copyup_bup
+	},
+	[AuWbrCopyup_BU] = {
+		.copyup	= au_wbr_copyup_bu
+	}
+};
+
+struct au_wbr_create_operations au_wbr_create_ops[] = {
+	[AuWbrCreate_TDP] = {
+		.create	= au_wbr_create_tdp
+	},
+	[AuWbrCreate_RR] = {
+		.create	= au_wbr_create_rr,
+		.init	= au_wbr_create_init_rr
+	},
+	[AuWbrCreate_MFS] = {
+		.create	= au_wbr_create_mfs,
+		.init	= au_wbr_create_init_mfs,
+		.fin	= au_wbr_create_fin_mfs
+	},
+	[AuWbrCreate_MFSV] = {
+		.create	= au_wbr_create_mfs,
+		.init	= au_wbr_create_init_mfs,
+		.fin	= au_wbr_create_fin_mfs
+	},
+	[AuWbrCreate_MFSRR] = {
+		.create	= au_wbr_create_mfsrr,
+		.init	= au_wbr_create_init_mfsrr,
+		.fin	= au_wbr_create_fin_mfs
+	},
+	[AuWbrCreate_MFSRRV] = {
+		.create	= au_wbr_create_mfsrr,
+		.init	= au_wbr_create_init_mfsrr,
+		.fin	= au_wbr_create_fin_mfs
+	},
+	[AuWbrCreate_PMFS] = {
+		.create	= au_wbr_create_pmfs,
+		.init	= au_wbr_create_init_mfs,
+		.fin	= au_wbr_create_fin_mfs
+	},
+	[AuWbrCreate_PMFSV] = {
+		.create	= au_wbr_create_pmfs,
+		.init	= au_wbr_create_init_mfs,
+		.fin	= au_wbr_create_fin_mfs
+	}
+};
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/whout.c b/ubuntu/aufs/whout.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..676486362d54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/whout.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1049 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * whiteout for logical deletion and opaque directory
+ */
+
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+#define WH_MASK			S_IRUGO
+
+/*
+ * If a directory contains this file, then it is opaque.  We start with the
+ * .wh. flag so that it is blocked by lookup.
+ */
+static struct qstr diropq_name = {
+	.name = AUFS_WH_DIROPQ,
+	.len = sizeof(AUFS_WH_DIROPQ) - 1
+};
+
+/*
+ * generate whiteout name, which is NOT terminated by NULL.
+ * @name: original d_name.name
+ * @len: original d_name.len
+ * @wh: whiteout qstr
+ * returns zero when succeeds, otherwise error.
+ * succeeded value as wh->name should be freed by kfree().
+ */
+int au_wh_name_alloc(struct qstr *wh, const struct qstr *name)
+{
+	char *p;
+
+	if (unlikely(name->len > PATH_MAX - AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN))
+		return -ENAMETOOLONG;
+
+	wh->len = name->len + AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN;
+	p = kmalloc(wh->len, GFP_NOFS);
+	wh->name = p;
+	if (p) {
+		memcpy(p, AUFS_WH_PFX, AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN);
+		memcpy(p + AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN, name->name, name->len);
+		/* smp_mb(); */
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return -ENOMEM;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/*
+ * test if the @wh_name exists under @h_parent.
+ * @try_sio specifies the necessary of super-io.
+ */
+int au_wh_test(struct dentry *h_parent, struct qstr *wh_name,
+	       struct au_branch *br, int try_sio)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct dentry *wh_dentry;
+
+	if (!try_sio)
+		wh_dentry = au_lkup_one(wh_name, h_parent, br, /*nd*/NULL);
+	else
+		wh_dentry = au_sio_lkup_one(wh_name, h_parent, br);
+	err = PTR_ERR(wh_dentry);
+	if (IS_ERR(wh_dentry))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = 0;
+	if (!wh_dentry->d_inode)
+		goto out_wh; /* success */
+
+	err = 1;
+	if (S_ISREG(wh_dentry->d_inode->i_mode))
+		goto out_wh; /* success */
+
+	err = -EIO;
+	AuIOErr("%.*s Invalid whiteout entry type 0%o.\n",
+		AuDLNPair(wh_dentry), wh_dentry->d_inode->i_mode);
+
+out_wh:
+	dput(wh_dentry);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * test if the @h_dentry sets opaque or not.
+ */
+int au_diropq_test(struct dentry *h_dentry, struct au_branch *br)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct inode *h_dir;
+
+	h_dir = h_dentry->d_inode;
+	err = au_wh_test(h_dentry, &diropq_name, br,
+			 au_test_h_perm_sio(h_dir, MAY_EXEC));
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * returns a negative dentry whose name is unique and temporary.
+ */
+struct dentry *au_whtmp_lkup(struct dentry *h_parent, struct au_branch *br,
+			     struct qstr *prefix)
+{
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+	int i;
+	char defname[NAME_MAX - AUFS_MAX_NAMELEN + DNAME_INLINE_LEN + 1],
+		*name, *p;
+	/* strict atomic_t is unnecessary here */
+	static unsigned short cnt;
+	struct qstr qs;
+
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(cnt) * 2 > AUFS_WH_TMP_LEN);
+
+	name = defname;
+	qs.len = sizeof(defname) - DNAME_INLINE_LEN + prefix->len - 1;
+	if (unlikely(prefix->len > DNAME_INLINE_LEN)) {
+		dentry = ERR_PTR(-ENAMETOOLONG);
+		if (unlikely(qs.len > NAME_MAX))
+			goto out;
+		dentry = ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+		name = kmalloc(qs.len + 1, GFP_NOFS);
+		if (unlikely(!name))
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* doubly whiteout-ed */
+	memcpy(name, AUFS_WH_PFX AUFS_WH_PFX, AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN * 2);
+	p = name + AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN * 2;
+	memcpy(p, prefix->name, prefix->len);
+	p += prefix->len;
+	*p++ = '.';
+	AuDebugOn(name + qs.len + 1 - p <= AUFS_WH_TMP_LEN);
+
+	qs.name = name;
+	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+		sprintf(p, "%.*x", AUFS_WH_TMP_LEN, cnt++);
+		dentry = au_sio_lkup_one(&qs, h_parent, br);
+		if (IS_ERR(dentry) || !dentry->d_inode)
+			goto out_name;
+		dput(dentry);
+	}
+	/* pr_warning("could not get random name\n"); */
+	dentry = ERR_PTR(-EEXIST);
+	AuDbg("%.*s\n", AuLNPair(&qs));
+	BUG();
+
+out_name:
+	if (name != defname)
+		kfree(name);
+out:
+	AuTraceErrPtr(dentry);
+	return dentry;
+}
+
+/*
+ * rename the @h_dentry on @br to the whiteouted temporary name.
+ */
+int au_whtmp_ren(struct dentry *h_dentry, struct au_branch *br)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct path h_path = {
+		.mnt = br->br_mnt
+	};
+	struct inode *h_dir;
+	struct dentry *h_parent;
+
+	h_parent = h_dentry->d_parent; /* dir inode is locked */
+	h_dir = h_parent->d_inode;
+	IMustLock(h_dir);
+
+	h_path.dentry = au_whtmp_lkup(h_parent, br, &h_dentry->d_name);
+	err = PTR_ERR(h_path.dentry);
+	if (IS_ERR(h_path.dentry))
+		goto out;
+
+	/* under the same dir, no need to lock_rename() */
+	err = vfsub_rename(h_dir, h_dentry, h_dir, &h_path);
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	dput(h_path.dentry);
+
+out:
+	AuTraceErr(err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/*
+ * functions for removing a whiteout
+ */
+
+static int do_unlink_wh(struct inode *h_dir, struct path *h_path)
+{
+	int force;
+
+	/*
+	 * forces superio when the dir has a sticky bit.
+	 * this may be a violation of unix fs semantics.
+	 */
+	force = (h_dir->i_mode & S_ISVTX)
+		&& h_path->dentry->d_inode->i_uid != current_fsuid();
+	return vfsub_unlink(h_dir, h_path, force);
+}
+
+int au_wh_unlink_dentry(struct inode *h_dir, struct path *h_path,
+			struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	err = do_unlink_wh(h_dir, h_path);
+	if (!err && dentry)
+		au_set_dbwh(dentry, -1);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int unlink_wh_name(struct dentry *h_parent, struct qstr *wh,
+			  struct au_branch *br)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct path h_path = {
+		.mnt = br->br_mnt
+	};
+
+	err = 0;
+	h_path.dentry = au_lkup_one(wh, h_parent, br, /*nd*/NULL);
+	if (IS_ERR(h_path.dentry))
+		err = PTR_ERR(h_path.dentry);
+	else {
+		if (h_path.dentry->d_inode
+		    && S_ISREG(h_path.dentry->d_inode->i_mode))
+			err = do_unlink_wh(h_parent->d_inode, &h_path);
+		dput(h_path.dentry);
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/*
+ * initialize/clean whiteout for a branch
+ */
+
+static void au_wh_clean(struct inode *h_dir, struct path *whpath,
+			const int isdir)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	if (!whpath->dentry->d_inode)
+		return;
+
+	err = mnt_want_write(whpath->mnt);
+	if (!err) {
+		if (isdir)
+			err = vfsub_rmdir(h_dir, whpath);
+		else
+			err = vfsub_unlink(h_dir, whpath, /*force*/0);
+		mnt_drop_write(whpath->mnt);
+	}
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		pr_warning("failed removing %.*s (%d), ignored.\n",
+			   AuDLNPair(whpath->dentry), err);
+}
+
+static int test_linkable(struct dentry *h_root)
+{
+	struct inode *h_dir = h_root->d_inode;
+
+	if (h_dir->i_op->link)
+		return 0;
+
+	pr_err("%.*s (%s) doesn't support link(2), use noplink and rw+nolwh\n",
+	       AuDLNPair(h_root), au_sbtype(h_root->d_sb));
+	return -ENOSYS;
+}
+
+/* todo: should this mkdir be done in /sbin/mount.aufs helper? */
+static int au_whdir(struct inode *h_dir, struct path *path)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	err = -EEXIST;
+	if (!path->dentry->d_inode) {
+		int mode = S_IRWXU;
+
+		if (au_test_nfs(path->dentry->d_sb))
+			mode |= S_IXUGO;
+		err = mnt_want_write(path->mnt);
+		if (!err) {
+			err = vfsub_mkdir(h_dir, path, mode);
+			mnt_drop_write(path->mnt);
+		}
+	} else if (S_ISDIR(path->dentry->d_inode->i_mode))
+		err = 0;
+	else
+		pr_err("unknown %.*s exists\n", AuDLNPair(path->dentry));
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+struct au_wh_base {
+	const struct qstr *name;
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+};
+
+static void au_wh_init_ro(struct inode *h_dir, struct au_wh_base base[],
+			  struct path *h_path)
+{
+	h_path->dentry = base[AuBrWh_BASE].dentry;
+	au_wh_clean(h_dir, h_path, /*isdir*/0);
+	h_path->dentry = base[AuBrWh_PLINK].dentry;
+	au_wh_clean(h_dir, h_path, /*isdir*/1);
+	h_path->dentry = base[AuBrWh_ORPH].dentry;
+	au_wh_clean(h_dir, h_path, /*isdir*/1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * returns tri-state,
+ * minus: error, caller should print the mesage
+ * zero: succuess
+ * plus: error, caller should NOT print the mesage
+ */
+static int au_wh_init_rw_nolink(struct dentry *h_root, struct au_wbr *wbr,
+				int do_plink, struct au_wh_base base[],
+				struct path *h_path)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct inode *h_dir;
+
+	h_dir = h_root->d_inode;
+	h_path->dentry = base[AuBrWh_BASE].dentry;
+	au_wh_clean(h_dir, h_path, /*isdir*/0);
+	h_path->dentry = base[AuBrWh_PLINK].dentry;
+	if (do_plink) {
+		err = test_linkable(h_root);
+		if (unlikely(err)) {
+			err = 1;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		err = au_whdir(h_dir, h_path);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out;
+		wbr->wbr_plink = dget(base[AuBrWh_PLINK].dentry);
+	} else
+		au_wh_clean(h_dir, h_path, /*isdir*/1);
+	h_path->dentry = base[AuBrWh_ORPH].dentry;
+	err = au_whdir(h_dir, h_path);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+	wbr->wbr_orph = dget(base[AuBrWh_ORPH].dentry);
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * for the moment, aufs supports the branch filesystem which does not support
+ * link(2). testing on FAT which does not support i_op->setattr() fully either,
+ * copyup failed. finally, such filesystem will not be used as the writable
+ * branch.
+ *
+ * returns tri-state, see above.
+ */
+static int au_wh_init_rw(struct dentry *h_root, struct au_wbr *wbr,
+			 int do_plink, struct au_wh_base base[],
+			 struct path *h_path)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct inode *h_dir;
+
+	WbrWhMustWriteLock(wbr);
+
+	err = test_linkable(h_root);
+	if (unlikely(err)) {
+		err = 1;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * todo: should this create be done in /sbin/mount.aufs helper?
+	 */
+	err = -EEXIST;
+	h_dir = h_root->d_inode;
+	if (!base[AuBrWh_BASE].dentry->d_inode) {
+		err = mnt_want_write(h_path->mnt);
+		if (!err) {
+			h_path->dentry = base[AuBrWh_BASE].dentry;
+			err = vfsub_create(h_dir, h_path, WH_MASK);
+			mnt_drop_write(h_path->mnt);
+		}
+	} else if (S_ISREG(base[AuBrWh_BASE].dentry->d_inode->i_mode))
+		err = 0;
+	else
+		pr_err("unknown %.*s/%.*s exists\n",
+		       AuDLNPair(h_root), AuDLNPair(base[AuBrWh_BASE].dentry));
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+
+	h_path->dentry = base[AuBrWh_PLINK].dentry;
+	if (do_plink) {
+		err = au_whdir(h_dir, h_path);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out;
+		wbr->wbr_plink = dget(base[AuBrWh_PLINK].dentry);
+	} else
+		au_wh_clean(h_dir, h_path, /*isdir*/1);
+	wbr->wbr_whbase = dget(base[AuBrWh_BASE].dentry);
+
+	h_path->dentry = base[AuBrWh_ORPH].dentry;
+	err = au_whdir(h_dir, h_path);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto out;
+	wbr->wbr_orph = dget(base[AuBrWh_ORPH].dentry);
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * initialize the whiteout base file/dir for @br.
+ */
+int au_wh_init(struct dentry *h_root, struct au_branch *br,
+	       struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	int err, i;
+	const unsigned char do_plink
+		= !!au_opt_test(au_mntflags(sb), PLINK);
+	struct path path = {
+		.mnt = br->br_mnt
+	};
+	struct inode *h_dir;
+	struct au_wbr *wbr = br->br_wbr;
+	static const struct qstr base_name[] = {
+		[AuBrWh_BASE] = {
+			.name	= AUFS_BASE_NAME,
+			.len	= sizeof(AUFS_BASE_NAME) - 1
+		},
+		[AuBrWh_PLINK] = {
+			.name	= AUFS_PLINKDIR_NAME,
+			.len	= sizeof(AUFS_PLINKDIR_NAME) - 1
+		},
+		[AuBrWh_ORPH] = {
+			.name	= AUFS_ORPHDIR_NAME,
+			.len	= sizeof(AUFS_ORPHDIR_NAME) - 1
+		}
+	};
+	struct au_wh_base base[] = {
+		[AuBrWh_BASE] = {
+			.name	= base_name + AuBrWh_BASE,
+			.dentry	= NULL
+		},
+		[AuBrWh_PLINK] = {
+			.name	= base_name + AuBrWh_PLINK,
+			.dentry	= NULL
+		},
+		[AuBrWh_ORPH] = {
+			.name	= base_name + AuBrWh_ORPH,
+			.dentry	= NULL
+		}
+	};
+
+	if (wbr)
+		WbrWhMustWriteLock(wbr);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < AuBrWh_Last; i++) {
+		/* doubly whiteouted */
+		struct dentry *d;
+
+		d = au_wh_lkup(h_root, (void *)base[i].name, br);
+		err = PTR_ERR(d);
+		if (IS_ERR(d))
+			goto out;
+
+		base[i].dentry = d;
+		AuDebugOn(wbr
+			  && wbr->wbr_wh[i]
+			  && wbr->wbr_wh[i] != base[i].dentry);
+	}
+
+	if (wbr)
+		for (i = 0; i < AuBrWh_Last; i++) {
+			dput(wbr->wbr_wh[i]);
+			wbr->wbr_wh[i] = NULL;
+		}
+
+	err = 0;
+	if (!au_br_writable(br->br_perm)) {
+		h_dir = h_root->d_inode;
+		au_wh_init_ro(h_dir, base, &path);
+	} else if (!au_br_wh_linkable(br->br_perm)) {
+		err = au_wh_init_rw_nolink(h_root, wbr, do_plink, base, &path);
+		if (err > 0)
+			goto out;
+		else if (err)
+			goto out_err;
+	} else {
+		err = au_wh_init_rw(h_root, wbr, do_plink, base, &path);
+		if (err > 0)
+			goto out;
+		else if (err)
+			goto out_err;
+	}
+	goto out; /* success */
+
+out_err:
+	pr_err("an error(%d) on the writable branch %.*s(%s)\n",
+	       err, AuDLNPair(h_root), au_sbtype(h_root->d_sb));
+out:
+	for (i = 0; i < AuBrWh_Last; i++)
+		dput(base[i].dentry);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/*
+ * whiteouts are all hard-linked usually.
+ * when its link count reaches a ceiling, we create a new whiteout base
+ * asynchronously.
+ */
+
+struct reinit_br_wh {
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+};
+
+static void reinit_br_wh(void *arg)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex;
+	struct path h_path;
+	struct reinit_br_wh *a = arg;
+	struct au_wbr *wbr;
+	struct inode *dir;
+	struct dentry *h_root;
+	struct au_hinode *hdir;
+
+	err = 0;
+	wbr = a->br->br_wbr;
+	/* big aufs lock */
+	si_noflush_write_lock(a->sb);
+	if (!au_br_writable(a->br->br_perm))
+		goto out;
+	bindex = au_br_index(a->sb, a->br->br_id);
+	if (unlikely(bindex < 0))
+		goto out;
+
+	di_read_lock_parent(a->sb->s_root, AuLock_IR);
+	dir = a->sb->s_root->d_inode;
+	hdir = au_hi(dir, bindex);
+	h_root = au_h_dptr(a->sb->s_root, bindex);
+
+	au_hn_imtx_lock_nested(hdir, AuLsc_I_PARENT);
+	wbr_wh_write_lock(wbr);
+	err = au_h_verify(wbr->wbr_whbase, au_opt_udba(a->sb), hdir->hi_inode,
+			  h_root, a->br);
+	if (!err) {
+		err = mnt_want_write(a->br->br_mnt);
+		if (!err) {
+			h_path.dentry = wbr->wbr_whbase;
+			h_path.mnt = a->br->br_mnt;
+			err = vfsub_unlink(hdir->hi_inode, &h_path, /*force*/0);
+			mnt_drop_write(a->br->br_mnt);
+		}
+	} else {
+		pr_warning("%.*s is moved, ignored\n",
+			   AuDLNPair(wbr->wbr_whbase));
+		err = 0;
+	}
+	dput(wbr->wbr_whbase);
+	wbr->wbr_whbase = NULL;
+	if (!err)
+		err = au_wh_init(h_root, a->br, a->sb);
+	wbr_wh_write_unlock(wbr);
+	au_hn_imtx_unlock(hdir);
+	di_read_unlock(a->sb->s_root, AuLock_IR);
+
+out:
+	if (wbr)
+		atomic_dec(&wbr->wbr_wh_running);
+	atomic_dec(&a->br->br_count);
+	si_write_unlock(a->sb);
+	au_nwt_done(&au_sbi(a->sb)->si_nowait);
+	kfree(arg);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		AuIOErr("err %d\n", err);
+}
+
+static void kick_reinit_br_wh(struct super_block *sb, struct au_branch *br)
+{
+	int do_dec, wkq_err;
+	struct reinit_br_wh *arg;
+
+	do_dec = 1;
+	if (atomic_inc_return(&br->br_wbr->wbr_wh_running) != 1)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* ignore ENOMEM */
+	arg = kmalloc(sizeof(*arg), GFP_NOFS);
+	if (arg) {
+		/*
+		 * dec(wh_running), kfree(arg) and dec(br_count)
+		 * in reinit function
+		 */
+		arg->sb = sb;
+		arg->br = br;
+		atomic_inc(&br->br_count);
+		wkq_err = au_wkq_nowait(reinit_br_wh, arg, sb, /*flags*/0);
+		if (unlikely(wkq_err)) {
+			atomic_dec(&br->br_wbr->wbr_wh_running);
+			atomic_dec(&br->br_count);
+			kfree(arg);
+		}
+		do_dec = 0;
+	}
+
+out:
+	if (do_dec)
+		atomic_dec(&br->br_wbr->wbr_wh_running);
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/*
+ * create the whiteout @wh.
+ */
+static int link_or_create_wh(struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+			     struct dentry *wh)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct path h_path = {
+		.dentry = wh
+	};
+	struct au_branch *br;
+	struct au_wbr *wbr;
+	struct dentry *h_parent;
+	struct inode *h_dir;
+
+	h_parent = wh->d_parent; /* dir inode is locked */
+	h_dir = h_parent->d_inode;
+	IMustLock(h_dir);
+
+	br = au_sbr(sb, bindex);
+	h_path.mnt = br->br_mnt;
+	wbr = br->br_wbr;
+	wbr_wh_read_lock(wbr);
+	if (wbr->wbr_whbase) {
+		err = vfsub_link(wbr->wbr_whbase, h_dir, &h_path);
+		if (!err || err != -EMLINK)
+			goto out;
+
+		/* link count full. re-initialize br_whbase. */
+		kick_reinit_br_wh(sb, br);
+	}
+
+	/* return this error in this context */
+	err = vfsub_create(h_dir, &h_path, WH_MASK);
+
+out:
+	wbr_wh_read_unlock(wbr);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/*
+ * create or remove the diropq.
+ */
+static struct dentry *do_diropq(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+				unsigned int flags)
+{
+	struct dentry *opq_dentry, *h_dentry;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+	int err;
+
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	br = au_sbr(sb, bindex);
+	h_dentry = au_h_dptr(dentry, bindex);
+	opq_dentry = au_lkup_one(&diropq_name, h_dentry, br, /*nd*/NULL);
+	if (IS_ERR(opq_dentry))
+		goto out;
+
+	if (au_ftest_diropq(flags, CREATE)) {
+		err = link_or_create_wh(sb, bindex, opq_dentry);
+		if (!err) {
+			au_set_dbdiropq(dentry, bindex);
+			goto out; /* success */
+		}
+	} else {
+		struct path tmp = {
+			.dentry = opq_dentry,
+			.mnt	= br->br_mnt
+		};
+		err = do_unlink_wh(au_h_iptr(dentry->d_inode, bindex), &tmp);
+		if (!err)
+			au_set_dbdiropq(dentry, -1);
+	}
+	dput(opq_dentry);
+	opq_dentry = ERR_PTR(err);
+
+out:
+	return opq_dentry;
+}
+
+struct do_diropq_args {
+	struct dentry **errp;
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex;
+	unsigned int flags;
+};
+
+static void call_do_diropq(void *args)
+{
+	struct do_diropq_args *a = args;
+	*a->errp = do_diropq(a->dentry, a->bindex, a->flags);
+}
+
+struct dentry *au_diropq_sio(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+			     unsigned int flags)
+{
+	struct dentry *diropq, *h_dentry;
+
+	h_dentry = au_h_dptr(dentry, bindex);
+	if (!au_test_h_perm_sio(h_dentry->d_inode, MAY_EXEC | MAY_WRITE))
+		diropq = do_diropq(dentry, bindex, flags);
+	else {
+		int wkq_err;
+		struct do_diropq_args args = {
+			.errp		= &diropq,
+			.dentry		= dentry,
+			.bindex		= bindex,
+			.flags		= flags
+		};
+
+		wkq_err = au_wkq_wait(call_do_diropq, &args);
+		if (unlikely(wkq_err))
+			diropq = ERR_PTR(wkq_err);
+	}
+
+	return diropq;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/*
+ * lookup whiteout dentry.
+ * @h_parent: lower parent dentry which must exist and be locked
+ * @base_name: name of dentry which will be whiteouted
+ * returns dentry for whiteout.
+ */
+struct dentry *au_wh_lkup(struct dentry *h_parent, struct qstr *base_name,
+			  struct au_branch *br)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct qstr wh_name;
+	struct dentry *wh_dentry;
+
+	err = au_wh_name_alloc(&wh_name, base_name);
+	wh_dentry = ERR_PTR(err);
+	if (!err) {
+		wh_dentry = au_lkup_one(&wh_name, h_parent, br, /*nd*/NULL);
+		kfree(wh_name.name);
+	}
+	return wh_dentry;
+}
+
+/*
+ * link/create a whiteout for @dentry on @bindex.
+ */
+struct dentry *au_wh_create(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+			    struct dentry *h_parent)
+{
+	struct dentry *wh_dentry;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	int err;
+
+	sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	wh_dentry = au_wh_lkup(h_parent, &dentry->d_name, au_sbr(sb, bindex));
+	if (!IS_ERR(wh_dentry) && !wh_dentry->d_inode) {
+		err = link_or_create_wh(sb, bindex, wh_dentry);
+		if (!err)
+			au_set_dbwh(dentry, bindex);
+		else {
+			dput(wh_dentry);
+			wh_dentry = ERR_PTR(err);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return wh_dentry;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* Delete all whiteouts in this directory on branch bindex. */
+static int del_wh_children(struct dentry *h_dentry, struct au_nhash *whlist,
+			   aufs_bindex_t bindex, struct au_branch *br)
+{
+	int err;
+	unsigned long ul, n;
+	struct qstr wh_name;
+	char *p;
+	struct hlist_head *head;
+	struct au_vdir_wh *tpos;
+	struct hlist_node *pos;
+	struct au_vdir_destr *str;
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	p = __getname_gfp(GFP_NOFS);
+	wh_name.name = p;
+	if (unlikely(!wh_name.name))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = 0;
+	memcpy(p, AUFS_WH_PFX, AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN);
+	p += AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN;
+	n = whlist->nh_num;
+	head = whlist->nh_head;
+	for (ul = 0; !err && ul < n; ul++, head++) {
+		hlist_for_each_entry(tpos, pos, head, wh_hash) {
+			if (tpos->wh_bindex != bindex)
+				continue;
+
+			str = &tpos->wh_str;
+			if (str->len + AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN <= PATH_MAX) {
+				memcpy(p, str->name, str->len);
+				wh_name.len = AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN + str->len;
+				err = unlink_wh_name(h_dentry, &wh_name, br);
+				if (!err)
+					continue;
+				break;
+			}
+			AuIOErr("whiteout name too long %.*s\n",
+				str->len, str->name);
+			err = -EIO;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	__putname(wh_name.name);
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+struct del_wh_children_args {
+	int *errp;
+	struct dentry *h_dentry;
+	struct au_nhash *whlist;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+};
+
+static void call_del_wh_children(void *args)
+{
+	struct del_wh_children_args *a = args;
+	*a->errp = del_wh_children(a->h_dentry, a->whlist, a->bindex, a->br);
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+struct au_whtmp_rmdir *au_whtmp_rmdir_alloc(struct super_block *sb, gfp_t gfp)
+{
+	struct au_whtmp_rmdir *whtmp;
+	int err;
+	unsigned int rdhash;
+
+	SiMustAnyLock(sb);
+
+	whtmp = kmalloc(sizeof(*whtmp), gfp);
+	if (unlikely(!whtmp)) {
+		whtmp = ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	whtmp->dir = NULL;
+	whtmp->br = NULL;
+	whtmp->wh_dentry = NULL;
+	/* no estimation for dir size */
+	rdhash = au_sbi(sb)->si_rdhash;
+	if (!rdhash)
+		rdhash = AUFS_RDHASH_DEF;
+	err = au_nhash_alloc(&whtmp->whlist, rdhash, gfp);
+	if (unlikely(err)) {
+		kfree(whtmp);
+		whtmp = ERR_PTR(err);
+	}
+
+out:
+	return whtmp;
+}
+
+void au_whtmp_rmdir_free(struct au_whtmp_rmdir *whtmp)
+{
+	if (whtmp->br)
+		atomic_dec(&whtmp->br->br_count);
+	dput(whtmp->wh_dentry);
+	iput(whtmp->dir);
+	au_nhash_wh_free(&whtmp->whlist);
+	kfree(whtmp);
+}
+
+/*
+ * rmdir the whiteouted temporary named dir @h_dentry.
+ * @whlist: whiteouted children.
+ */
+int au_whtmp_rmdir(struct inode *dir, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+		   struct dentry *wh_dentry, struct au_nhash *whlist)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct path h_tmp;
+	struct inode *wh_inode, *h_dir;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+
+	h_dir = wh_dentry->d_parent->d_inode; /* dir inode is locked */
+	IMustLock(h_dir);
+
+	br = au_sbr(dir->i_sb, bindex);
+	wh_inode = wh_dentry->d_inode;
+	mutex_lock_nested(&wh_inode->i_mutex, AuLsc_I_CHILD);
+
+	/*
+	 * someone else might change some whiteouts while we were sleeping.
+	 * it means this whlist may have an obsoleted entry.
+	 */
+	if (!au_test_h_perm_sio(wh_inode, MAY_EXEC | MAY_WRITE))
+		err = del_wh_children(wh_dentry, whlist, bindex, br);
+	else {
+		int wkq_err;
+		struct del_wh_children_args args = {
+			.errp		= &err,
+			.h_dentry	= wh_dentry,
+			.whlist		= whlist,
+			.bindex		= bindex,
+			.br		= br
+		};
+
+		wkq_err = au_wkq_wait(call_del_wh_children, &args);
+		if (unlikely(wkq_err))
+			err = wkq_err;
+	}
+	mutex_unlock(&wh_inode->i_mutex);
+
+	if (!err) {
+		h_tmp.dentry = wh_dentry;
+		h_tmp.mnt = br->br_mnt;
+		err = vfsub_rmdir(h_dir, &h_tmp);
+	}
+
+	if (!err) {
+		if (au_ibstart(dir) == bindex) {
+			/* todo: dir->i_mutex is necessary */
+			au_cpup_attr_timesizes(dir);
+			vfsub_drop_nlink(dir);
+		}
+		return 0; /* success */
+	}
+
+	pr_warning("failed removing %.*s(%d), ignored\n",
+		   AuDLNPair(wh_dentry), err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static void call_rmdir_whtmp(void *args)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex;
+	struct au_whtmp_rmdir *a = args;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct dentry *h_parent;
+	struct inode *h_dir;
+	struct au_hinode *hdir;
+
+	/* rmdir by nfsd may cause deadlock with this i_mutex */
+	/* mutex_lock(&a->dir->i_mutex); */
+	err = -EROFS;
+	sb = a->dir->i_sb;
+	si_read_lock(sb, !AuLock_FLUSH);
+	if (!au_br_writable(a->br->br_perm))
+		goto out;
+	bindex = au_br_index(sb, a->br->br_id);
+	if (unlikely(bindex < 0))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = -EIO;
+	ii_write_lock_parent(a->dir);
+	h_parent = dget_parent(a->wh_dentry);
+	h_dir = h_parent->d_inode;
+	hdir = au_hi(a->dir, bindex);
+	au_hn_imtx_lock_nested(hdir, AuLsc_I_PARENT);
+	err = au_h_verify(a->wh_dentry, au_opt_udba(sb), h_dir, h_parent,
+			  a->br);
+	if (!err) {
+		err = mnt_want_write(a->br->br_mnt);
+		if (!err) {
+			err = au_whtmp_rmdir(a->dir, bindex, a->wh_dentry,
+					     &a->whlist);
+			mnt_drop_write(a->br->br_mnt);
+		}
+	}
+	au_hn_imtx_unlock(hdir);
+	dput(h_parent);
+	ii_write_unlock(a->dir);
+
+out:
+	/* mutex_unlock(&a->dir->i_mutex); */
+	au_whtmp_rmdir_free(a);
+	si_read_unlock(sb);
+	au_nwt_done(&au_sbi(sb)->si_nowait);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		AuIOErr("err %d\n", err);
+}
+
+void au_whtmp_kick_rmdir(struct inode *dir, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+			 struct dentry *wh_dentry, struct au_whtmp_rmdir *args)
+{
+	int wkq_err;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+
+	IMustLock(dir);
+
+	/* all post-process will be done in do_rmdir_whtmp(). */
+	sb = dir->i_sb;
+	args->dir = au_igrab(dir);
+	args->br = au_sbr(sb, bindex);
+	atomic_inc(&args->br->br_count);
+	args->wh_dentry = dget(wh_dentry);
+	wkq_err = au_wkq_nowait(call_rmdir_whtmp, args, sb, /*flags*/0);
+	if (unlikely(wkq_err)) {
+		pr_warning("rmdir error %.*s (%d), ignored\n",
+			   AuDLNPair(wh_dentry), wkq_err);
+		au_whtmp_rmdir_free(args);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/whout.h b/ubuntu/aufs/whout.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f7c45f0998fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/whout.h
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * whiteout for logical deletion and opaque directory
+ */
+
+#ifndef __AUFS_WHOUT_H__
+#define __AUFS_WHOUT_H__
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+
+#include "dir.h"
+
+/* whout.c */
+int au_wh_name_alloc(struct qstr *wh, const struct qstr *name);
+struct au_branch;
+int au_wh_test(struct dentry *h_parent, struct qstr *wh_name,
+	       struct au_branch *br, int try_sio);
+int au_diropq_test(struct dentry *h_dentry, struct au_branch *br);
+struct dentry *au_whtmp_lkup(struct dentry *h_parent, struct au_branch *br,
+			     struct qstr *prefix);
+int au_whtmp_ren(struct dentry *h_dentry, struct au_branch *br);
+int au_wh_unlink_dentry(struct inode *h_dir, struct path *h_path,
+			struct dentry *dentry);
+int au_wh_init(struct dentry *h_parent, struct au_branch *br,
+	       struct super_block *sb);
+
+/* diropq flags */
+#define AuDiropq_CREATE	1
+#define au_ftest_diropq(flags, name)	((flags) & AuDiropq_##name)
+#define au_fset_diropq(flags, name) \
+	do { (flags) |= AuDiropq_##name; } while (0)
+#define au_fclr_diropq(flags, name) \
+	do { (flags) &= ~AuDiropq_##name; } while (0)
+
+struct dentry *au_diropq_sio(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+			     unsigned int flags);
+struct dentry *au_wh_lkup(struct dentry *h_parent, struct qstr *base_name,
+			  struct au_branch *br);
+struct dentry *au_wh_create(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+			    struct dentry *h_parent);
+
+/* real rmdir for the whiteout-ed dir */
+struct au_whtmp_rmdir {
+	struct inode *dir;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+	struct dentry *wh_dentry;
+	struct au_nhash whlist;
+};
+
+struct au_whtmp_rmdir *au_whtmp_rmdir_alloc(struct super_block *sb, gfp_t gfp);
+void au_whtmp_rmdir_free(struct au_whtmp_rmdir *whtmp);
+int au_whtmp_rmdir(struct inode *dir, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+		   struct dentry *wh_dentry, struct au_nhash *whlist);
+void au_whtmp_kick_rmdir(struct inode *dir, aufs_bindex_t bindex,
+			 struct dentry *wh_dentry, struct au_whtmp_rmdir *args);
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static inline struct dentry *au_diropq_create(struct dentry *dentry,
+					      aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	return au_diropq_sio(dentry, bindex, AuDiropq_CREATE);
+}
+
+static inline int au_diropq_remove(struct dentry *dentry, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	return PTR_ERR(au_diropq_sio(dentry, bindex, !AuDiropq_CREATE));
+}
+
+#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
+#endif /* __AUFS_WHOUT_H__ */
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/wkq.c b/ubuntu/aufs/wkq.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..91c739f476f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/wkq.c
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * workqueue for asynchronous/super-io operations
+ * todo: try new dredential scheme
+ */
+
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+/* internal workqueue named AUFS_WKQ_NAME */
+
+static struct workqueue_struct *au_wkq;
+
+struct au_wkinfo {
+	struct work_struct wk;
+	struct kobject *kobj;
+
+	unsigned int flags; /* see wkq.h */
+
+	au_wkq_func_t func;
+	void *args;
+
+	struct completion *comp;
+};
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void wkq_func(struct work_struct *wk)
+{
+	struct au_wkinfo *wkinfo = container_of(wk, struct au_wkinfo, wk);
+
+	AuDebugOn(current_fsuid());
+	AuDebugOn(rlimit(RLIMIT_FSIZE) != RLIM_INFINITY);
+
+	wkinfo->func(wkinfo->args);
+	if (au_ftest_wkq(wkinfo->flags, WAIT))
+		complete(wkinfo->comp);
+	else {
+		kobject_put(wkinfo->kobj);
+		module_put(THIS_MODULE); /* todo: ?? */
+		kfree(wkinfo);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Since struct completion is large, try allocating it dynamically.
+ */
+#if defined(CONFIG_4KSTACKS) || defined(AuTest4KSTACKS)
+#define AuWkqCompDeclare(name)	struct completion *comp = NULL
+
+static int au_wkq_comp_alloc(struct au_wkinfo *wkinfo, struct completion **comp)
+{
+	*comp = kmalloc(sizeof(**comp), GFP_NOFS);
+	if (*comp) {
+		init_completion(*comp);
+		wkinfo->comp = *comp;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return -ENOMEM;
+}
+
+static void au_wkq_comp_free(struct completion *comp)
+{
+	kfree(comp);
+}
+
+#else
+
+/* no braces */
+#define AuWkqCompDeclare(name) \
+	DECLARE_COMPLETION_ONSTACK(_ ## name); \
+	struct completion *comp = &_ ## name
+
+static int au_wkq_comp_alloc(struct au_wkinfo *wkinfo, struct completion **comp)
+{
+	wkinfo->comp = *comp;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void au_wkq_comp_free(struct completion *comp __maybe_unused)
+{
+	/* empty */
+}
+#endif /* 4KSTACKS */
+
+static void au_wkq_run(struct au_wkinfo *wkinfo)
+{
+	if (au_ftest_wkq(wkinfo->flags, NEST)) {
+		if (au_wkq_test()) {
+			AuWarn1("wkq from wkq, due to a dead dir by UDBA?\n");
+			AuDebugOn(au_ftest_wkq(wkinfo->flags, WAIT));
+		}
+	} else
+		au_dbg_verify_kthread();
+
+	if (au_ftest_wkq(wkinfo->flags, WAIT)) {
+		INIT_WORK_ONSTACK(&wkinfo->wk, wkq_func);
+		queue_work(au_wkq, &wkinfo->wk);
+	} else {
+		INIT_WORK(&wkinfo->wk, wkq_func);
+		schedule_work(&wkinfo->wk);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Be careful. It is easy to make deadlock happen.
+ * processA: lock, wkq and wait
+ * processB: wkq and wait, lock in wkq
+ * --> deadlock
+ */
+int au_wkq_do_wait(unsigned int flags, au_wkq_func_t func, void *args)
+{
+	int err;
+	AuWkqCompDeclare(comp);
+	struct au_wkinfo wkinfo = {
+		.flags	= flags,
+		.func	= func,
+		.args	= args
+	};
+
+	err = au_wkq_comp_alloc(&wkinfo, &comp);
+	if (!err) {
+		au_wkq_run(&wkinfo);
+		/* no timeout, no interrupt */
+		wait_for_completion(wkinfo.comp);
+		au_wkq_comp_free(comp);
+		destroy_work_on_stack(&wkinfo.wk);
+	}
+
+	return err;
+
+}
+
+/*
+ * Note: dget/dput() in func for aufs dentries are not supported. It will be a
+ * problem in a concurrent umounting.
+ */
+int au_wkq_nowait(au_wkq_func_t func, void *args, struct super_block *sb,
+		  unsigned int flags)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct au_wkinfo *wkinfo;
+
+	atomic_inc(&au_sbi(sb)->si_nowait.nw_len);
+
+	/*
+	 * wkq_func() must free this wkinfo.
+	 * it highly depends upon the implementation of workqueue.
+	 */
+	err = 0;
+	wkinfo = kmalloc(sizeof(*wkinfo), GFP_NOFS);
+	if (wkinfo) {
+		wkinfo->kobj = &au_sbi(sb)->si_kobj;
+		wkinfo->flags = flags & ~AuWkq_WAIT;
+		wkinfo->func = func;
+		wkinfo->args = args;
+		wkinfo->comp = NULL;
+		kobject_get(wkinfo->kobj);
+		__module_get(THIS_MODULE); /* todo: ?? */
+
+		au_wkq_run(wkinfo);
+	} else {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		au_nwt_done(&au_sbi(sb)->si_nowait);
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+void au_nwt_init(struct au_nowait_tasks *nwt)
+{
+	atomic_set(&nwt->nw_len, 0);
+	/* smp_mb(); */ /* atomic_set */
+	init_waitqueue_head(&nwt->nw_wq);
+}
+
+void au_wkq_fin(void)
+{
+	destroy_workqueue(au_wkq);
+}
+
+int __init au_wkq_init(void)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	err = 0;
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(!WQ_RESCUER);
+	au_wkq = alloc_workqueue(AUFS_WKQ_NAME, !WQ_RESCUER, WQ_DFL_ACTIVE);
+	if (IS_ERR(au_wkq))
+		err = PTR_ERR(au_wkq);
+	else if (!au_wkq)
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+
+	return err;
+}
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/wkq.h b/ubuntu/aufs/wkq.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0e44f73c2a06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/wkq.h
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * workqueue for asynchronous/super-io operations
+ * todo: try new credentials management scheme
+ */
+
+#ifndef __AUFS_WKQ_H__
+#define __AUFS_WKQ_H__
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+
+struct super_block;
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/*
+ * in the next operation, wait for the 'nowait' tasks in system-wide workqueue
+ */
+struct au_nowait_tasks {
+	atomic_t		nw_len;
+	wait_queue_head_t	nw_wq;
+};
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+typedef void (*au_wkq_func_t)(void *args);
+
+/* wkq flags */
+#define AuWkq_WAIT	1
+#define AuWkq_NEST	(1 << 1)
+#define au_ftest_wkq(flags, name)	((flags) & AuWkq_##name)
+#define au_fset_wkq(flags, name) \
+	do { (flags) |= AuWkq_##name; } while (0)
+#define au_fclr_wkq(flags, name) \
+	do { (flags) &= ~AuWkq_##name; } while (0)
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_AUFS_HNOTIFY
+#undef AuWkq_NEST
+#define AuWkq_NEST	0
+#endif
+
+/* wkq.c */
+int au_wkq_do_wait(unsigned int flags, au_wkq_func_t func, void *args);
+int au_wkq_nowait(au_wkq_func_t func, void *args, struct super_block *sb,
+		  unsigned int flags);
+void au_nwt_init(struct au_nowait_tasks *nwt);
+int __init au_wkq_init(void);
+void au_wkq_fin(void);
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static inline int au_wkq_test(void)
+{
+	return current->flags & PF_WQ_WORKER;
+}
+
+static inline int au_wkq_wait(au_wkq_func_t func, void *args)
+{
+	return au_wkq_do_wait(AuWkq_WAIT, func, args);
+}
+
+static inline void au_nwt_done(struct au_nowait_tasks *nwt)
+{
+	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&nwt->nw_len))
+		wake_up_all(&nwt->nw_wq);
+}
+
+static inline int au_nwt_flush(struct au_nowait_tasks *nwt)
+{
+	wait_event(nwt->nw_wq, !atomic_read(&nwt->nw_len));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
+#endif /* __AUFS_WKQ_H__ */
diff --git a/ubuntu/aufs/xino.c b/ubuntu/aufs/xino.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2285299293ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/aufs/xino.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1264 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * external inode number translation table and bitmap
+ */
+
+#include <linux/seq_file.h>
+#include "aufs.h"
+
+/* todo: unnecessary to support mmap_sem since kernel-space? */
+ssize_t xino_fread(au_readf_t func, struct file *file, void *kbuf, size_t size,
+		   loff_t *pos)
+{
+	ssize_t err;
+	mm_segment_t oldfs;
+	union {
+		void *k;
+		char __user *u;
+	} buf;
+
+	buf.k = kbuf;
+	oldfs = get_fs();
+	set_fs(KERNEL_DS);
+	do {
+		/* todo: signal_pending? */
+		err = func(file, buf.u, size, pos);
+	} while (err == -EAGAIN || err == -EINTR);
+	set_fs(oldfs);
+
+#if 0 /* reserved for future use */
+	if (err > 0)
+		fsnotify_access(file->f_dentry);
+#endif
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static ssize_t do_xino_fwrite(au_writef_t func, struct file *file, void *kbuf,
+			      size_t size, loff_t *pos)
+{
+	ssize_t err;
+	mm_segment_t oldfs;
+	union {
+		void *k;
+		const char __user *u;
+	} buf;
+
+	buf.k = kbuf;
+	oldfs = get_fs();
+	set_fs(KERNEL_DS);
+	do {
+		/* todo: signal_pending? */
+		err = func(file, buf.u, size, pos);
+	} while (err == -EAGAIN || err == -EINTR);
+	set_fs(oldfs);
+
+#if 0 /* reserved for future use */
+	if (err > 0)
+		fsnotify_modify(file->f_dentry);
+#endif
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+struct do_xino_fwrite_args {
+	ssize_t *errp;
+	au_writef_t func;
+	struct file *file;
+	void *buf;
+	size_t size;
+	loff_t *pos;
+};
+
+static void call_do_xino_fwrite(void *args)
+{
+	struct do_xino_fwrite_args *a = args;
+	*a->errp = do_xino_fwrite(a->func, a->file, a->buf, a->size, a->pos);
+}
+
+ssize_t xino_fwrite(au_writef_t func, struct file *file, void *buf, size_t size,
+		    loff_t *pos)
+{
+	ssize_t err;
+
+	/* todo: signal block and no wkq? */
+	if (rlimit(RLIMIT_FSIZE) == RLIM_INFINITY) {
+		lockdep_off();
+		err = do_xino_fwrite(func, file, buf, size, pos);
+		lockdep_on();
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * it breaks RLIMIT_FSIZE and normal user's limit,
+		 * users should care about quota and real 'filesystem full.'
+		 */
+		int wkq_err;
+		struct do_xino_fwrite_args args = {
+			.errp	= &err,
+			.func	= func,
+			.file	= file,
+			.buf	= buf,
+			.size	= size,
+			.pos	= pos
+		};
+
+		wkq_err = au_wkq_wait(call_do_xino_fwrite, &args);
+		if (unlikely(wkq_err))
+			err = wkq_err;
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/*
+ * create a new xinofile at the same place/path as @base_file.
+ */
+struct file *au_xino_create2(struct file *base_file, struct file *copy_src)
+{
+	struct file *file;
+	struct dentry *base, *parent;
+	struct inode *dir;
+	struct qstr *name;
+	struct path path;
+	int err;
+
+	base = base_file->f_dentry;
+	parent = base->d_parent; /* dir inode is locked */
+	dir = parent->d_inode;
+	IMustLock(dir);
+
+	file = ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
+	name = &base->d_name;
+	path.dentry = vfsub_lookup_one_len(name->name, parent, name->len);
+	if (IS_ERR(path.dentry)) {
+		file = (void *)path.dentry;
+		pr_err("%.*s lookup err %ld\n",
+		       AuLNPair(name), PTR_ERR(path.dentry));
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* no need to mnt_want_write() since we call dentry_open() later */
+	err = vfs_create(dir, path.dentry, S_IRUGO | S_IWUGO, NULL);
+	if (unlikely(err)) {
+		file = ERR_PTR(err);
+		pr_err("%.*s create err %d\n", AuLNPair(name), err);
+		goto out_dput;
+	}
+
+	path.mnt = base_file->f_vfsmnt;
+	file = vfsub_dentry_open(&path,
+				 O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_LARGEFILE
+				 /* | __FMODE_NONOTIFY */);
+	if (IS_ERR(file)) {
+		pr_err("%.*s open err %ld\n", AuLNPair(name), PTR_ERR(file));
+		goto out_dput;
+	}
+
+	err = vfsub_unlink(dir, &file->f_path, /*force*/0);
+	if (unlikely(err)) {
+		pr_err("%.*s unlink err %d\n", AuLNPair(name), err);
+		goto out_fput;
+	}
+
+	if (copy_src) {
+		/* no one can touch copy_src xino */
+		err = au_copy_file(file, copy_src,
+				   i_size_read(copy_src->f_dentry->d_inode));
+		if (unlikely(err)) {
+			pr_err("%.*s copy err %d\n", AuLNPair(name), err);
+			goto out_fput;
+		}
+	}
+	goto out_dput; /* success */
+
+out_fput:
+	fput(file);
+	file = ERR_PTR(err);
+out_dput:
+	dput(path.dentry);
+out:
+	return file;
+}
+
+struct au_xino_lock_dir {
+	struct au_hinode *hdir;
+	struct dentry *parent;
+	struct mutex *mtx;
+};
+
+static void au_xino_lock_dir(struct super_block *sb, struct file *xino,
+			     struct au_xino_lock_dir *ldir)
+{
+	aufs_bindex_t brid, bindex;
+
+	ldir->hdir = NULL;
+	bindex = -1;
+	brid = au_xino_brid(sb);
+	if (brid >= 0)
+		bindex = au_br_index(sb, brid);
+	if (bindex >= 0) {
+		ldir->hdir = au_hi(sb->s_root->d_inode, bindex);
+		au_hn_imtx_lock_nested(ldir->hdir, AuLsc_I_PARENT);
+	} else {
+		ldir->parent = dget_parent(xino->f_dentry);
+		ldir->mtx = &ldir->parent->d_inode->i_mutex;
+		mutex_lock_nested(ldir->mtx, AuLsc_I_PARENT);
+	}
+}
+
+static void au_xino_unlock_dir(struct au_xino_lock_dir *ldir)
+{
+	if (ldir->hdir)
+		au_hn_imtx_unlock(ldir->hdir);
+	else {
+		mutex_unlock(ldir->mtx);
+		dput(ldir->parent);
+	}
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* trucate xino files asynchronously */
+
+int au_xino_trunc(struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t bindex)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bi, bend;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+	struct file *new_xino, *file;
+	struct super_block *h_sb;
+	struct au_xino_lock_dir ldir;
+
+	err = -EINVAL;
+	bend = au_sbend(sb);
+	if (unlikely(bindex < 0 || bend < bindex))
+		goto out;
+	br = au_sbr(sb, bindex);
+	file = br->br_xino.xi_file;
+	if (!file)
+		goto out;
+
+	au_xino_lock_dir(sb, file, &ldir);
+	/* mnt_want_write() is unnecessary here */
+	new_xino = au_xino_create2(file, file);
+	au_xino_unlock_dir(&ldir);
+	err = PTR_ERR(new_xino);
+	if (IS_ERR(new_xino))
+		goto out;
+	err = 0;
+	fput(file);
+	br->br_xino.xi_file = new_xino;
+
+	h_sb = br->br_mnt->mnt_sb;
+	for (bi = 0; bi <= bend; bi++) {
+		if (unlikely(bi == bindex))
+			continue;
+		br = au_sbr(sb, bi);
+		if (br->br_mnt->mnt_sb != h_sb)
+			continue;
+
+		fput(br->br_xino.xi_file);
+		br->br_xino.xi_file = new_xino;
+		get_file(new_xino);
+	}
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+struct xino_do_trunc_args {
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+};
+
+static void xino_do_trunc(void *_args)
+{
+	struct xino_do_trunc_args *args = _args;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+	struct inode *dir;
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex;
+
+	err = 0;
+	sb = args->sb;
+	dir = sb->s_root->d_inode;
+	br = args->br;
+
+	si_noflush_write_lock(sb);
+	ii_read_lock_parent(dir);
+	bindex = au_br_index(sb, br->br_id);
+	err = au_xino_trunc(sb, bindex);
+	if (!err
+	    && br->br_xino.xi_file->f_dentry->d_inode->i_blocks
+	    >= br->br_xino_upper)
+		br->br_xino_upper += AUFS_XINO_TRUNC_STEP;
+
+	ii_read_unlock(dir);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		pr_warning("err b%d, (%d)\n", bindex, err);
+	atomic_dec(&br->br_xino_running);
+	atomic_dec(&br->br_count);
+	si_write_unlock(sb);
+	au_nwt_done(&au_sbi(sb)->si_nowait);
+	kfree(args);
+}
+
+static void xino_try_trunc(struct super_block *sb, struct au_branch *br)
+{
+	struct xino_do_trunc_args *args;
+	int wkq_err;
+
+	if (br->br_xino.xi_file->f_dentry->d_inode->i_blocks
+	    < br->br_xino_upper)
+		return;
+
+	if (atomic_inc_return(&br->br_xino_running) > 1)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* lock and kfree() will be called in trunc_xino() */
+	args = kmalloc(sizeof(*args), GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(!args)) {
+		AuErr1("no memory\n");
+		goto out_args;
+	}
+
+	atomic_inc(&br->br_count);
+	args->sb = sb;
+	args->br = br;
+	wkq_err = au_wkq_nowait(xino_do_trunc, args, sb, /*flags*/0);
+	if (!wkq_err)
+		return; /* success */
+
+	pr_err("wkq %d\n", wkq_err);
+	atomic_dec(&br->br_count);
+
+out_args:
+	kfree(args);
+out:
+	atomic_dec(&br->br_xino_running);
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static int au_xino_do_write(au_writef_t write, struct file *file,
+			    ino_t h_ino, ino_t ino)
+{
+	loff_t pos;
+	ssize_t sz;
+
+	pos = h_ino;
+	if (unlikely(au_loff_max / sizeof(ino) - 1 < pos)) {
+		AuIOErr1("too large hi%lu\n", (unsigned long)h_ino);
+		return -EFBIG;
+	}
+	pos *= sizeof(ino);
+	sz = xino_fwrite(write, file, &ino, sizeof(ino), &pos);
+	if (sz == sizeof(ino))
+		return 0; /* success */
+
+	AuIOErr("write failed (%zd)\n", sz);
+	return -EIO;
+}
+
+/*
+ * write @ino to the xinofile for the specified branch{@sb, @bindex}
+ * at the position of @h_ino.
+ * even if @ino is zero, it is written to the xinofile and means no entry.
+ * if the size of the xino file on a specific filesystem exceeds the watermark,
+ * try truncating it.
+ */
+int au_xino_write(struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t bindex, ino_t h_ino,
+		  ino_t ino)
+{
+	int err;
+	unsigned int mnt_flags;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(long long) != sizeof(au_loff_max)
+		     || ((loff_t)-1) > 0);
+	SiMustAnyLock(sb);
+
+	mnt_flags = au_mntflags(sb);
+	if (!au_opt_test(mnt_flags, XINO))
+		return 0;
+
+	br = au_sbr(sb, bindex);
+	err = au_xino_do_write(au_sbi(sb)->si_xwrite, br->br_xino.xi_file,
+			       h_ino, ino);
+	if (!err) {
+		if (au_opt_test(mnt_flags, TRUNC_XINO)
+		    && au_test_fs_trunc_xino(br->br_mnt->mnt_sb))
+			xino_try_trunc(sb, br);
+		return 0; /* success */
+	}
+
+	AuIOErr("write failed (%d)\n", err);
+	return -EIO;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* aufs inode number bitmap */
+
+static const int page_bits = (int)PAGE_SIZE * BITS_PER_BYTE;
+static ino_t xib_calc_ino(unsigned long pindex, int bit)
+{
+	ino_t ino;
+
+	AuDebugOn(bit < 0 || page_bits <= bit);
+	ino = AUFS_FIRST_INO + pindex * page_bits + bit;
+	return ino;
+}
+
+static void xib_calc_bit(ino_t ino, unsigned long *pindex, int *bit)
+{
+	AuDebugOn(ino < AUFS_FIRST_INO);
+	ino -= AUFS_FIRST_INO;
+	*pindex = ino / page_bits;
+	*bit = ino % page_bits;
+}
+
+static int xib_pindex(struct super_block *sb, unsigned long pindex)
+{
+	int err;
+	loff_t pos;
+	ssize_t sz;
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+	struct file *xib;
+	unsigned long *p;
+
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	MtxMustLock(&sbinfo->si_xib_mtx);
+	AuDebugOn(pindex > ULONG_MAX / PAGE_SIZE
+		  || !au_opt_test(sbinfo->si_mntflags, XINO));
+
+	if (pindex == sbinfo->si_xib_last_pindex)
+		return 0;
+
+	xib = sbinfo->si_xib;
+	p = sbinfo->si_xib_buf;
+	pos = sbinfo->si_xib_last_pindex;
+	pos *= PAGE_SIZE;
+	sz = xino_fwrite(sbinfo->si_xwrite, xib, p, PAGE_SIZE, &pos);
+	if (unlikely(sz != PAGE_SIZE))
+		goto out;
+
+	pos = pindex;
+	pos *= PAGE_SIZE;
+	if (i_size_read(xib->f_dentry->d_inode) >= pos + PAGE_SIZE)
+		sz = xino_fread(sbinfo->si_xread, xib, p, PAGE_SIZE, &pos);
+	else {
+		memset(p, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
+		sz = xino_fwrite(sbinfo->si_xwrite, xib, p, PAGE_SIZE, &pos);
+	}
+	if (sz == PAGE_SIZE) {
+		sbinfo->si_xib_last_pindex = pindex;
+		return 0; /* success */
+	}
+
+out:
+	AuIOErr1("write failed (%zd)\n", sz);
+	err = sz;
+	if (sz >= 0)
+		err = -EIO;
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void au_xib_clear_bit(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	int err, bit;
+	unsigned long pindex;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+
+	AuDebugOn(inode->i_nlink);
+
+	sb = inode->i_sb;
+	xib_calc_bit(inode->i_ino, &pindex, &bit);
+	AuDebugOn(page_bits <= bit);
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	mutex_lock(&sbinfo->si_xib_mtx);
+	err = xib_pindex(sb, pindex);
+	if (!err) {
+		clear_bit(bit, sbinfo->si_xib_buf);
+		sbinfo->si_xib_next_bit = bit;
+	}
+	mutex_unlock(&sbinfo->si_xib_mtx);
+}
+
+/* for s_op->delete_inode() */
+void au_xino_delete_inode(struct inode *inode, const int unlinked)
+{
+	int err;
+	unsigned int mnt_flags;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, bend, bi;
+	unsigned char try_trunc;
+	struct au_iinfo *iinfo;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct au_hinode *hi;
+	struct inode *h_inode;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+	au_writef_t xwrite;
+
+	sb = inode->i_sb;
+	mnt_flags = au_mntflags(sb);
+	if (!au_opt_test(mnt_flags, XINO)
+	    || inode->i_ino == AUFS_ROOT_INO)
+		return;
+
+	if (unlinked) {
+		au_xigen_inc(inode);
+		au_xib_clear_bit(inode);
+	}
+
+	iinfo = au_ii(inode);
+	if (!iinfo)
+		return;
+
+	bindex = iinfo->ii_bstart;
+	if (bindex < 0)
+		return;
+
+	xwrite = au_sbi(sb)->si_xwrite;
+	try_trunc = !!au_opt_test(mnt_flags, TRUNC_XINO);
+	hi = iinfo->ii_hinode + bindex;
+	bend = iinfo->ii_bend;
+	for (; bindex <= bend; bindex++, hi++) {
+		h_inode = hi->hi_inode;
+		if (!h_inode
+		    || (!unlinked && h_inode->i_nlink))
+			continue;
+
+		/* inode may not be revalidated */
+		bi = au_br_index(sb, hi->hi_id);
+		if (bi < 0)
+			continue;
+
+		br = au_sbr(sb, bi);
+		err = au_xino_do_write(xwrite, br->br_xino.xi_file,
+				       h_inode->i_ino, /*ino*/0);
+		if (!err && try_trunc
+		    && au_test_fs_trunc_xino(br->br_mnt->mnt_sb))
+			xino_try_trunc(sb, br);
+	}
+}
+
+/* get an unused inode number from bitmap */
+ino_t au_xino_new_ino(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	ino_t ino;
+	unsigned long *p, pindex, ul, pend;
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+	struct file *file;
+	int free_bit, err;
+
+	if (!au_opt_test(au_mntflags(sb), XINO))
+		return iunique(sb, AUFS_FIRST_INO);
+
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	mutex_lock(&sbinfo->si_xib_mtx);
+	p = sbinfo->si_xib_buf;
+	free_bit = sbinfo->si_xib_next_bit;
+	if (free_bit < page_bits && !test_bit(free_bit, p))
+		goto out; /* success */
+	free_bit = find_first_zero_bit(p, page_bits);
+	if (free_bit < page_bits)
+		goto out; /* success */
+
+	pindex = sbinfo->si_xib_last_pindex;
+	for (ul = pindex - 1; ul < ULONG_MAX; ul--) {
+		err = xib_pindex(sb, ul);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out_err;
+		free_bit = find_first_zero_bit(p, page_bits);
+		if (free_bit < page_bits)
+			goto out; /* success */
+	}
+
+	file = sbinfo->si_xib;
+	pend = i_size_read(file->f_dentry->d_inode) / PAGE_SIZE;
+	for (ul = pindex + 1; ul <= pend; ul++) {
+		err = xib_pindex(sb, ul);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out_err;
+		free_bit = find_first_zero_bit(p, page_bits);
+		if (free_bit < page_bits)
+			goto out; /* success */
+	}
+	BUG();
+
+out:
+	set_bit(free_bit, p);
+	sbinfo->si_xib_next_bit = free_bit + 1;
+	pindex = sbinfo->si_xib_last_pindex;
+	mutex_unlock(&sbinfo->si_xib_mtx);
+	ino = xib_calc_ino(pindex, free_bit);
+	AuDbg("i%lu\n", (unsigned long)ino);
+	return ino;
+out_err:
+	mutex_unlock(&sbinfo->si_xib_mtx);
+	AuDbg("i0\n");
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * read @ino from xinofile for the specified branch{@sb, @bindex}
+ * at the position of @h_ino.
+ * if @ino does not exist and @do_new is true, get new one.
+ */
+int au_xino_read(struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t bindex, ino_t h_ino,
+		 ino_t *ino)
+{
+	int err;
+	ssize_t sz;
+	loff_t pos;
+	struct file *file;
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+
+	*ino = 0;
+	if (!au_opt_test(au_mntflags(sb), XINO))
+		return 0; /* no xino */
+
+	err = 0;
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	pos = h_ino;
+	if (unlikely(au_loff_max / sizeof(*ino) - 1 < pos)) {
+		AuIOErr1("too large hi%lu\n", (unsigned long)h_ino);
+		return -EFBIG;
+	}
+	pos *= sizeof(*ino);
+
+	file = au_sbr(sb, bindex)->br_xino.xi_file;
+	if (i_size_read(file->f_dentry->d_inode) < pos + sizeof(*ino))
+		return 0; /* no ino */
+
+	sz = xino_fread(sbinfo->si_xread, file, ino, sizeof(*ino), &pos);
+	if (sz == sizeof(*ino))
+		return 0; /* success */
+
+	err = sz;
+	if (unlikely(sz >= 0)) {
+		err = -EIO;
+		AuIOErr("xino read error (%zd)\n", sz);
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* create and set a new xino file */
+
+struct file *au_xino_create(struct super_block *sb, char *fname, int silent)
+{
+	struct file *file;
+	struct dentry *h_parent, *d;
+	struct inode *h_dir;
+	int err;
+
+	/*
+	 * at mount-time, and the xino file is the default path,
+	 * hnotify is disabled so we have no notify events to ignore.
+	 * when a user specified the xino, we cannot get au_hdir to be ignored.
+	 */
+	file = vfsub_filp_open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_LARGEFILE
+			       /* | __FMODE_NONOTIFY */,
+			       S_IRUGO | S_IWUGO);
+	if (IS_ERR(file)) {
+		if (!silent)
+			pr_err("open %s(%ld)\n", fname, PTR_ERR(file));
+		return file;
+	}
+
+	/* keep file count */
+	h_parent = dget_parent(file->f_dentry);
+	h_dir = h_parent->d_inode;
+	mutex_lock_nested(&h_dir->i_mutex, AuLsc_I_PARENT);
+	/* mnt_want_write() is unnecessary here */
+	err = vfsub_unlink(h_dir, &file->f_path, /*force*/0);
+	mutex_unlock(&h_dir->i_mutex);
+	dput(h_parent);
+	if (unlikely(err)) {
+		if (!silent)
+			pr_err("unlink %s(%d)\n", fname, err);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	err = -EINVAL;
+	d = file->f_dentry;
+	if (unlikely(sb == d->d_sb)) {
+		if (!silent)
+			pr_err("%s must be outside\n", fname);
+		goto out;
+	}
+	if (unlikely(au_test_fs_bad_xino(d->d_sb))) {
+		if (!silent)
+			pr_err("xino doesn't support %s(%s)\n",
+			       fname, au_sbtype(d->d_sb));
+		goto out;
+	}
+	return file; /* success */
+
+out:
+	fput(file);
+	file = ERR_PTR(err);
+	return file;
+}
+
+/*
+ * find another branch who is on the same filesystem of the specified
+ * branch{@btgt}. search until @bend.
+ */
+static int is_sb_shared(struct super_block *sb, aufs_bindex_t btgt,
+			aufs_bindex_t bend)
+{
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex;
+	struct super_block *tgt_sb = au_sbr_sb(sb, btgt);
+
+	for (bindex = 0; bindex < btgt; bindex++)
+		if (unlikely(tgt_sb == au_sbr_sb(sb, bindex)))
+			return bindex;
+	for (bindex++; bindex <= bend; bindex++)
+		if (unlikely(tgt_sb == au_sbr_sb(sb, bindex)))
+			return bindex;
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/*
+ * initialize the xinofile for the specified branch @br
+ * at the place/path where @base_file indicates.
+ * test whether another branch is on the same filesystem or not,
+ * if @do_test is true.
+ */
+int au_xino_br(struct super_block *sb, struct au_branch *br, ino_t h_ino,
+	       struct file *base_file, int do_test)
+{
+	int err;
+	ino_t ino;
+	aufs_bindex_t bend, bindex;
+	struct au_branch *shared_br, *b;
+	struct file *file;
+	struct super_block *tgt_sb;
+
+	shared_br = NULL;
+	bend = au_sbend(sb);
+	if (do_test) {
+		tgt_sb = br->br_mnt->mnt_sb;
+		for (bindex = 0; bindex <= bend; bindex++) {
+			b = au_sbr(sb, bindex);
+			if (tgt_sb == b->br_mnt->mnt_sb) {
+				shared_br = b;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!shared_br || !shared_br->br_xino.xi_file) {
+		struct au_xino_lock_dir ldir;
+
+		au_xino_lock_dir(sb, base_file, &ldir);
+		/* mnt_want_write() is unnecessary here */
+		file = au_xino_create2(base_file, NULL);
+		au_xino_unlock_dir(&ldir);
+		err = PTR_ERR(file);
+		if (IS_ERR(file))
+			goto out;
+		br->br_xino.xi_file = file;
+	} else {
+		br->br_xino.xi_file = shared_br->br_xino.xi_file;
+		get_file(br->br_xino.xi_file);
+	}
+
+	ino = AUFS_ROOT_INO;
+	err = au_xino_do_write(au_sbi(sb)->si_xwrite, br->br_xino.xi_file,
+			       h_ino, ino);
+	if (unlikely(err)) {
+		fput(br->br_xino.xi_file);
+		br->br_xino.xi_file = NULL;
+	}
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* trucate a xino bitmap file */
+
+/* todo: slow */
+static int do_xib_restore(struct super_block *sb, struct file *file, void *page)
+{
+	int err, bit;
+	ssize_t sz;
+	unsigned long pindex;
+	loff_t pos, pend;
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+	au_readf_t func;
+	ino_t *ino;
+	unsigned long *p;
+
+	err = 0;
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	MtxMustLock(&sbinfo->si_xib_mtx);
+	p = sbinfo->si_xib_buf;
+	func = sbinfo->si_xread;
+	pend = i_size_read(file->f_dentry->d_inode);
+	pos = 0;
+	while (pos < pend) {
+		sz = xino_fread(func, file, page, PAGE_SIZE, &pos);
+		err = sz;
+		if (unlikely(sz <= 0))
+			goto out;
+
+		err = 0;
+		for (ino = page; sz > 0; ino++, sz -= sizeof(ino)) {
+			if (unlikely(*ino < AUFS_FIRST_INO))
+				continue;
+
+			xib_calc_bit(*ino, &pindex, &bit);
+			AuDebugOn(page_bits <= bit);
+			err = xib_pindex(sb, pindex);
+			if (!err)
+				set_bit(bit, p);
+			else
+				goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int xib_restore(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	int err;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, bend;
+	void *page;
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	page = (void *)__get_free_page(GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(!page))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = 0;
+	bend = au_sbend(sb);
+	for (bindex = 0; !err && bindex <= bend; bindex++)
+		if (!bindex || is_sb_shared(sb, bindex, bindex - 1) < 0)
+			err = do_xib_restore
+				(sb, au_sbr(sb, bindex)->br_xino.xi_file, page);
+		else
+			AuDbg("b%d\n", bindex);
+	free_page((unsigned long)page);
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+int au_xib_trunc(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	int err;
+	ssize_t sz;
+	loff_t pos;
+	struct au_xino_lock_dir ldir;
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+	unsigned long *p;
+	struct file *file;
+
+	SiMustWriteLock(sb);
+
+	err = 0;
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	if (!au_opt_test(sbinfo->si_mntflags, XINO))
+		goto out;
+
+	file = sbinfo->si_xib;
+	if (i_size_read(file->f_dentry->d_inode) <= PAGE_SIZE)
+		goto out;
+
+	au_xino_lock_dir(sb, file, &ldir);
+	/* mnt_want_write() is unnecessary here */
+	file = au_xino_create2(sbinfo->si_xib, NULL);
+	au_xino_unlock_dir(&ldir);
+	err = PTR_ERR(file);
+	if (IS_ERR(file))
+		goto out;
+	fput(sbinfo->si_xib);
+	sbinfo->si_xib = file;
+
+	p = sbinfo->si_xib_buf;
+	memset(p, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
+	pos = 0;
+	sz = xino_fwrite(sbinfo->si_xwrite, sbinfo->si_xib, p, PAGE_SIZE, &pos);
+	if (unlikely(sz != PAGE_SIZE)) {
+		err = sz;
+		AuIOErr("err %d\n", err);
+		if (sz >= 0)
+			err = -EIO;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	mutex_lock(&sbinfo->si_xib_mtx);
+	/* mnt_want_write() is unnecessary here */
+	err = xib_restore(sb);
+	mutex_unlock(&sbinfo->si_xib_mtx);
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/*
+ * xino mount option handlers
+ */
+static au_readf_t find_readf(struct file *h_file)
+{
+	const struct file_operations *fop = h_file->f_op;
+
+	if (fop) {
+		if (fop->read)
+			return fop->read;
+		if (fop->aio_read)
+			return do_sync_read;
+	}
+	return ERR_PTR(-ENOSYS);
+}
+
+static au_writef_t find_writef(struct file *h_file)
+{
+	const struct file_operations *fop = h_file->f_op;
+
+	if (fop) {
+		if (fop->write)
+			return fop->write;
+		if (fop->aio_write)
+			return do_sync_write;
+	}
+	return ERR_PTR(-ENOSYS);
+}
+
+/* xino bitmap */
+static void xino_clear_xib(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+
+	SiMustWriteLock(sb);
+
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	sbinfo->si_xread = NULL;
+	sbinfo->si_xwrite = NULL;
+	if (sbinfo->si_xib)
+		fput(sbinfo->si_xib);
+	sbinfo->si_xib = NULL;
+	free_page((unsigned long)sbinfo->si_xib_buf);
+	sbinfo->si_xib_buf = NULL;
+}
+
+static int au_xino_set_xib(struct super_block *sb, struct file *base)
+{
+	int err;
+	loff_t pos;
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+	struct file *file;
+
+	SiMustWriteLock(sb);
+
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	file = au_xino_create2(base, sbinfo->si_xib);
+	err = PTR_ERR(file);
+	if (IS_ERR(file))
+		goto out;
+	if (sbinfo->si_xib)
+		fput(sbinfo->si_xib);
+	sbinfo->si_xib = file;
+	sbinfo->si_xread = find_readf(file);
+	sbinfo->si_xwrite = find_writef(file);
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	if (!sbinfo->si_xib_buf)
+		sbinfo->si_xib_buf = (void *)get_zeroed_page(GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(!sbinfo->si_xib_buf))
+		goto out_unset;
+
+	sbinfo->si_xib_last_pindex = 0;
+	sbinfo->si_xib_next_bit = 0;
+	if (i_size_read(file->f_dentry->d_inode) < PAGE_SIZE) {
+		pos = 0;
+		err = xino_fwrite(sbinfo->si_xwrite, file, sbinfo->si_xib_buf,
+				  PAGE_SIZE, &pos);
+		if (unlikely(err != PAGE_SIZE))
+			goto out_free;
+	}
+	err = 0;
+	goto out; /* success */
+
+out_free:
+	free_page((unsigned long)sbinfo->si_xib_buf);
+	sbinfo->si_xib_buf = NULL;
+	if (err >= 0)
+		err = -EIO;
+out_unset:
+	fput(sbinfo->si_xib);
+	sbinfo->si_xib = NULL;
+	sbinfo->si_xread = NULL;
+	sbinfo->si_xwrite = NULL;
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* xino for each branch */
+static void xino_clear_br(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, bend;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+
+	bend = au_sbend(sb);
+	for (bindex = 0; bindex <= bend; bindex++) {
+		br = au_sbr(sb, bindex);
+		if (!br || !br->br_xino.xi_file)
+			continue;
+
+		fput(br->br_xino.xi_file);
+		br->br_xino.xi_file = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+static int au_xino_set_br(struct super_block *sb, struct file *base)
+{
+	int err;
+	ino_t ino;
+	aufs_bindex_t bindex, bend, bshared;
+	struct {
+		struct file *old, *new;
+	} *fpair, *p;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	au_writef_t writef;
+
+	SiMustWriteLock(sb);
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	bend = au_sbend(sb);
+	fpair = kcalloc(bend + 1, sizeof(*fpair), GFP_NOFS);
+	if (unlikely(!fpair))
+		goto out;
+
+	inode = sb->s_root->d_inode;
+	ino = AUFS_ROOT_INO;
+	writef = au_sbi(sb)->si_xwrite;
+	for (bindex = 0, p = fpair; bindex <= bend; bindex++, p++) {
+		br = au_sbr(sb, bindex);
+		bshared = is_sb_shared(sb, bindex, bindex - 1);
+		if (bshared >= 0) {
+			/* shared xino */
+			*p = fpair[bshared];
+			get_file(p->new);
+		}
+
+		if (!p->new) {
+			/* new xino */
+			p->old = br->br_xino.xi_file;
+			p->new = au_xino_create2(base, br->br_xino.xi_file);
+			err = PTR_ERR(p->new);
+			if (IS_ERR(p->new)) {
+				p->new = NULL;
+				goto out_pair;
+			}
+		}
+
+		err = au_xino_do_write(writef, p->new,
+				       au_h_iptr(inode, bindex)->i_ino, ino);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out_pair;
+	}
+
+	for (bindex = 0, p = fpair; bindex <= bend; bindex++, p++) {
+		br = au_sbr(sb, bindex);
+		if (br->br_xino.xi_file)
+			fput(br->br_xino.xi_file);
+		get_file(p->new);
+		br->br_xino.xi_file = p->new;
+	}
+
+out_pair:
+	for (bindex = 0, p = fpair; bindex <= bend; bindex++, p++)
+		if (p->new)
+			fput(p->new);
+		else
+			break;
+	kfree(fpair);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+void au_xino_clr(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+
+	au_xigen_clr(sb);
+	xino_clear_xib(sb);
+	xino_clear_br(sb);
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	/* lvalue, do not call au_mntflags() */
+	au_opt_clr(sbinfo->si_mntflags, XINO);
+}
+
+int au_xino_set(struct super_block *sb, struct au_opt_xino *xino, int remount)
+{
+	int err, skip;
+	struct dentry *parent, *cur_parent;
+	struct qstr *dname, *cur_name;
+	struct file *cur_xino;
+	struct inode *dir;
+	struct au_sbinfo *sbinfo;
+
+	SiMustWriteLock(sb);
+
+	err = 0;
+	sbinfo = au_sbi(sb);
+	parent = dget_parent(xino->file->f_dentry);
+	if (remount) {
+		skip = 0;
+		dname = &xino->file->f_dentry->d_name;
+		cur_xino = sbinfo->si_xib;
+		if (cur_xino) {
+			cur_parent = dget_parent(cur_xino->f_dentry);
+			cur_name = &cur_xino->f_dentry->d_name;
+			skip = (cur_parent == parent
+				&& dname->len == cur_name->len
+				&& !memcmp(dname->name, cur_name->name,
+					   dname->len));
+			dput(cur_parent);
+		}
+		if (skip)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	au_opt_set(sbinfo->si_mntflags, XINO);
+	dir = parent->d_inode;
+	mutex_lock_nested(&dir->i_mutex, AuLsc_I_PARENT);
+	/* mnt_want_write() is unnecessary here */
+	err = au_xino_set_xib(sb, xino->file);
+	if (!err)
+		err = au_xigen_set(sb, xino->file);
+	if (!err)
+		err = au_xino_set_br(sb, xino->file);
+	mutex_unlock(&dir->i_mutex);
+	if (!err)
+		goto out; /* success */
+
+	/* reset all */
+	AuIOErr("failed creating xino(%d).\n", err);
+
+out:
+	dput(parent);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/*
+ * create a xinofile at the default place/path.
+ */
+struct file *au_xino_def(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	struct file *file;
+	char *page, *p;
+	struct au_branch *br;
+	struct super_block *h_sb;
+	struct path path;
+	aufs_bindex_t bend, bindex, bwr;
+
+	br = NULL;
+	bend = au_sbend(sb);
+	bwr = -1;
+	for (bindex = 0; bindex <= bend; bindex++) {
+		br = au_sbr(sb, bindex);
+		if (au_br_writable(br->br_perm)
+		    && !au_test_fs_bad_xino(br->br_mnt->mnt_sb)) {
+			bwr = bindex;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (bwr >= 0) {
+		file = ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+		page = __getname_gfp(GFP_NOFS);
+		if (unlikely(!page))
+			goto out;
+		path.mnt = br->br_mnt;
+		path.dentry = au_h_dptr(sb->s_root, bwr);
+		p = d_path(&path, page, PATH_MAX - sizeof(AUFS_XINO_FNAME));
+		file = (void *)p;
+		if (!IS_ERR(p)) {
+			strcat(p, "/" AUFS_XINO_FNAME);
+			AuDbg("%s\n", p);
+			file = au_xino_create(sb, p, /*silent*/0);
+			if (!IS_ERR(file))
+				au_xino_brid_set(sb, br->br_id);
+		}
+		__putname(page);
+	} else {
+		file = au_xino_create(sb, AUFS_XINO_DEFPATH, /*silent*/0);
+		if (IS_ERR(file))
+			goto out;
+		h_sb = file->f_dentry->d_sb;
+		if (unlikely(au_test_fs_bad_xino(h_sb))) {
+			pr_err("xino doesn't support %s(%s)\n",
+			       AUFS_XINO_DEFPATH, au_sbtype(h_sb));
+			fput(file);
+			file = ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
+		}
+		if (!IS_ERR(file))
+			au_xino_brid_set(sb, -1);
+	}
+
+out:
+	return file;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+int au_xino_path(struct seq_file *seq, struct file *file)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	err = au_seq_path(seq, &file->f_path);
+	if (unlikely(err < 0))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = 0;
+#define Deleted "\\040(deleted)"
+	seq->count -= sizeof(Deleted) - 1;
+	AuDebugOn(memcmp(seq->buf + seq->count, Deleted,
+			 sizeof(Deleted) - 1));
+#undef Deleted
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
diff --git a/ubuntu/dm-raid4-5/BOM b/ubuntu/dm-raid4-5/BOM
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..dd29442289da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/dm-raid4-5/BOM
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Downloaded from:	http://people.redhat.com/~heinzm/sw/dm/dm-raid45/
+Current Version:	2009.04.24 (2.6.30-rc3)
+Comments:		All of the patches to dmraid1/dm-log, etc are upstream.
diff --git a/ubuntu/dm-raid4-5/Kconfig b/ubuntu/dm-raid4-5/Kconfig
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..03fab6438d4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/dm-raid4-5/Kconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+config DM_RAID45
+	tristate "RAID 4/5 target (EXPERIMENTAL)"
+	depends on BLK_DEV_DM && XOR_BLOCKS && EXPERIMENTAL
+	default m
+	---help---
+	A target that supports RAID4 and RAID5 mappings.
diff --git a/ubuntu/dm-raid4-5/Makefile b/ubuntu/dm-raid4-5/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9a32796d73f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/dm-raid4-5/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+EXTRA_CFLAGS += -I$(srctree)/drivers/md
+
+obj-$(CONFIG_DM_RAID45) := dm-raid45.o
+dm-raid45-objs := dm-raid4-5.o dm-memcache.o dm-region-hash.o dm-message.o
diff --git a/ubuntu/dm-raid4-5/dm-memcache.c b/ubuntu/dm-raid4-5/dm-memcache.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..346abb431b3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/dm-raid4-5/dm-memcache.c
@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Module Author: Heinz Mauelshagen <heinzm@redhat.com>
+ *
+ * Device-mapper memory object handling:
+ *
+ * o allocate/free total_pages in a per client page pool.
+ *
+ * o allocate/free memory objects with chunks (1..n) of
+ *   pages_per_chunk pages hanging off.
+ *
+ * This file is released under the GPL.
+ */
+
+#define	DM_MEM_CACHE_VERSION	"0.2"
+
+#include "dm.h"
+#include "dm-memcache.h"
+#include <linux/dm-io.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+
+struct dm_mem_cache_client {
+	spinlock_t lock;
+	mempool_t *objs_pool;
+	struct page_list *free_list;
+	unsigned objects;
+	unsigned chunks;
+	unsigned pages_per_chunk;
+	unsigned free_pages;
+	unsigned total_pages;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Free pages and page_list elements of client.
+ */
+static void free_cache_pages(struct page_list *list)
+{
+	while (list) {
+		struct page_list *pl = list;
+
+		list = pl->next;
+		BUG_ON(!pl->page);
+		__free_page(pl->page);
+		kfree(pl);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Alloc number of pages and page_list elements as required by client.
+ */
+static struct page_list *alloc_cache_pages(unsigned pages)
+{
+	struct page_list *pl, *ret = NULL;
+	struct page *page;
+
+	while (pages--) {
+		page = alloc_page(GFP_NOIO);
+		if (!page)
+			goto err;
+
+		pl = kmalloc(sizeof(*pl), GFP_NOIO);
+		if (!pl) {
+			__free_page(page);
+			goto err;
+		}
+
+		pl->page = page;
+		pl->next = ret;
+		ret = pl;
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+
+err:
+	free_cache_pages(ret);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Allocate page_list elements from the pool to chunks of the memory object.
+ */
+static void alloc_chunks(struct dm_mem_cache_client *cl,
+			 struct dm_mem_cache_object *obj)
+{
+	unsigned chunks = cl->chunks;
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	local_irq_save(flags);
+	local_irq_disable();
+	while (chunks--) {
+		unsigned p = cl->pages_per_chunk;
+
+		obj[chunks].pl = NULL;
+
+		while (p--) {
+			struct page_list *pl;
+
+			/* Take next element from free list */
+			spin_lock(&cl->lock);
+			pl = cl->free_list;
+			BUG_ON(!pl);
+			cl->free_list = pl->next;
+			spin_unlock(&cl->lock);
+
+			pl->next = obj[chunks].pl;
+			obj[chunks].pl = pl;
+		}
+	}
+
+	local_irq_restore(flags);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Free page_list elements putting them back onto free list
+ */
+static void free_chunks(struct dm_mem_cache_client *cl,
+			struct dm_mem_cache_object *obj)
+{
+	unsigned chunks = cl->chunks;
+	unsigned long flags;
+	struct page_list *next, *pl;
+
+	local_irq_save(flags);
+	local_irq_disable();
+	while (chunks--) {
+		for (pl = obj[chunks].pl; pl; pl = next) {
+			next = pl->next;
+
+			spin_lock(&cl->lock);
+			pl->next = cl->free_list;
+			cl->free_list = pl;
+			cl->free_pages++;
+			spin_unlock(&cl->lock);
+		}
+	}
+
+	local_irq_restore(flags);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Create/destroy dm memory cache client resources.
+ */
+struct dm_mem_cache_client *
+dm_mem_cache_client_create(unsigned objects, unsigned chunks,
+			   unsigned pages_per_chunk)
+{
+	unsigned total_pages = objects * chunks * pages_per_chunk;
+	struct dm_mem_cache_client *client;
+
+	BUG_ON(!total_pages);
+	client = kzalloc(sizeof(*client), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!client)
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+
+	client->objs_pool = mempool_create_kmalloc_pool(objects,
+				chunks * sizeof(struct dm_mem_cache_object));
+	if (!client->objs_pool)
+		goto err;
+
+	client->free_list = alloc_cache_pages(total_pages);
+	if (!client->free_list)
+		goto err1;
+
+	spin_lock_init(&client->lock);
+	client->objects = objects;
+	client->chunks = chunks;
+	client->pages_per_chunk = pages_per_chunk;
+	client->free_pages = client->total_pages = total_pages;
+	return client;
+
+err1:
+	mempool_destroy(client->objs_pool);
+err:
+	kfree(client);
+	return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(dm_mem_cache_client_create);
+
+void dm_mem_cache_client_destroy(struct dm_mem_cache_client *cl)
+{
+	BUG_ON(cl->free_pages != cl->total_pages);
+	free_cache_pages(cl->free_list);
+	mempool_destroy(cl->objs_pool);
+	kfree(cl);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(dm_mem_cache_client_destroy);
+
+/*
+ * Grow a clients cache by an amount of pages.
+ *
+ * Don't call from interrupt context!
+ */
+int dm_mem_cache_grow(struct dm_mem_cache_client *cl, unsigned objects)
+{
+	unsigned pages = objects * cl->chunks * cl->pages_per_chunk;
+	struct page_list *pl, *last;
+
+	BUG_ON(!pages);
+	pl = alloc_cache_pages(pages);
+	if (!pl)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	last = pl;
+	while (last->next)
+		last = last->next;
+
+	spin_lock_irq(&cl->lock);
+	last->next = cl->free_list;
+	cl->free_list = pl;
+	cl->free_pages += pages;
+	cl->total_pages += pages;
+	cl->objects++;
+	spin_unlock_irq(&cl->lock);
+
+	mempool_resize(cl->objs_pool, cl->objects, GFP_NOIO);
+	return 0;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(dm_mem_cache_grow);
+
+/* Shrink a clients cache by an amount of pages */
+int dm_mem_cache_shrink(struct dm_mem_cache_client *cl, unsigned objects)
+{
+	int r;
+	unsigned pages = objects * cl->chunks * cl->pages_per_chunk, p = pages;
+	unsigned long flags;
+	struct page_list *last = NULL, *pl, *pos;
+
+	BUG_ON(!pages);
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&cl->lock, flags);
+	pl = pos = cl->free_list;
+	while (p-- && pos->next) {
+		last = pos;
+		pos = pos->next;
+	}
+
+	if (++p)
+		r = -ENOMEM;
+	else {
+		r = 0;
+		cl->free_list = pos;
+		cl->free_pages -= pages;
+		cl->total_pages -= pages;
+		cl->objects--;
+		last->next = NULL;
+	}
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cl->lock, flags);
+
+	if (!r) {
+		free_cache_pages(pl);
+		mempool_resize(cl->objs_pool, cl->objects, GFP_NOIO);
+	}
+
+	return r;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(dm_mem_cache_shrink);
+
+/*
+ * Allocate/free a memory object
+ *
+ * Can be called from interrupt context
+ */
+struct dm_mem_cache_object *dm_mem_cache_alloc(struct dm_mem_cache_client *cl)
+{
+	int r = 0;
+	unsigned pages = cl->chunks * cl->pages_per_chunk;
+	unsigned long flags;
+	struct dm_mem_cache_object *obj;
+
+	obj = mempool_alloc(cl->objs_pool, GFP_NOIO);
+	if (!obj)
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&cl->lock, flags);
+	if (pages > cl->free_pages)
+		r = -ENOMEM;
+	else
+		cl->free_pages -= pages;
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cl->lock, flags);
+
+	if (r) {
+		mempool_free(obj, cl->objs_pool);
+		return ERR_PTR(r);
+	}
+
+	alloc_chunks(cl, obj);
+	return obj;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(dm_mem_cache_alloc);
+
+void dm_mem_cache_free(struct dm_mem_cache_client *cl,
+		       struct dm_mem_cache_object *obj)
+{
+	free_chunks(cl, obj);
+	mempool_free(obj, cl->objs_pool);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(dm_mem_cache_free);
+
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION(DM_NAME " dm memory cache");
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Heinz Mauelshagen <hjm@redhat.com>");
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
diff --git a/ubuntu/dm-raid4-5/dm-memcache.h b/ubuntu/dm-raid4-5/dm-memcache.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..87e4256daf5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/dm-raid4-5/dm-memcache.h
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Module Author: Heinz Mauelshagen <Mauelshagen@RedHat.com>
+ *
+ * Device-mapper memory object handling:
+ *
+ * o allocate/free total_pages in a per client page pool.
+ *
+ * o allocate/free memory objects with chunks (1..n) of
+ *   pages_per_chunk pages hanging off.
+ *
+ * This file is released under the GPL.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _DM_MEM_CACHE_H
+#define _DM_MEM_CACHE_H
+
+#define	DM_MEM_CACHE_H_VERSION	"0.1"
+
+#include "dm.h"
+#include <linux/dm-io.h>
+
+static inline struct page_list *pl_elem(struct page_list *pl, unsigned p)
+{
+	while (pl && p--)
+		pl = pl->next;
+
+	return pl;
+}
+
+struct dm_mem_cache_object {
+	struct page_list *pl; /* Dynamically allocated array */
+	void *private;	      /* Caller context reference */
+};
+
+struct dm_mem_cache_client;
+
+/*
+ * Create/destroy dm memory cache client resources.
+ *
+ * On creation, a number of @objects with @chunks of
+ * @pages_per_chunk pages will be allocated.
+ */
+struct dm_mem_cache_client *
+dm_mem_cache_client_create(unsigned objects, unsigned chunks,
+			   unsigned pages_per_chunk);
+void dm_mem_cache_client_destroy(struct dm_mem_cache_client *client);
+
+/*
+ * Grow/shrink a dm memory cache client resources
+ * by @objetcs amount of objects.
+ */
+int dm_mem_cache_grow(struct dm_mem_cache_client *client, unsigned objects);
+int dm_mem_cache_shrink(struct dm_mem_cache_client *client, unsigned objects);
+
+/*
+ * Allocate/free a memory object
+ *
+ * On allocation one object with an amount of chunks and
+ * an amount of pages per chunk will be returned on success.
+ */
+struct dm_mem_cache_object *
+dm_mem_cache_alloc(struct dm_mem_cache_client *client);
+void dm_mem_cache_free(struct dm_mem_cache_client *client,
+		       struct dm_mem_cache_object *object);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/ubuntu/dm-raid4-5/dm-message.c b/ubuntu/dm-raid4-5/dm-message.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..de21e52c76ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/dm-raid4-5/dm-message.c
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007,2008 Red Hat Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Module Author: Heinz Mauelshagen <heinzm@redhat.com>
+ *
+ * General device-mapper message interface argument parser.
+ *
+ * This file is released under the GPL.
+ *
+ * device-mapper message parser.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "dm.h"
+#include "dm-message.h"
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+
+#define DM_MSG_PREFIX	"dm_message"
+
+/* Basename of a path. */
+static inline char *
+basename(char *s)
+{
+	char *p = strrchr(s, '/');
+
+	return p ? p + 1 : s;
+}
+
+/* Get an argument depending on type. */
+static void
+message_arguments(struct dm_msg *msg, int argc, char **argv)
+{
+
+	if (argc) {
+		int i;
+		struct dm_message_argument *args = msg->spec->args;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < args->num_args; i++) {
+			int r;
+			unsigned long **ptr = args->ptr;
+			enum dm_message_argument_type type = args->types[i];
+
+			switch (type) {
+			case dm_msg_base_t:
+				((char **) ptr)[i] = basename(argv[i]);
+				break;
+
+			case dm_msg_str_t:
+				((char **) ptr)[i] = argv[i];
+				break;
+
+			case dm_msg_int_t:
+				r = sscanf(argv[i], "%d", ((int **) ptr)[i]);
+				goto check;
+
+			case dm_msg_uint_t:
+				r = sscanf(argv[i], "%u",
+					   ((unsigned **) ptr)[i]);
+				goto check;
+
+			case dm_msg_uint64_t:
+				r = sscanf(argv[i], "%llu",
+					   ((unsigned long long **) ptr)[i]);
+
+check:
+				if (r != 1) {
+					set_bit(dm_msg_ret_undef, &msg->ret);
+					set_bit(dm_msg_ret_arg, &msg->ret);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/* Parse message options. */
+static void
+message_options_parse(struct dm_msg *msg, int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	int hit = 0;
+	unsigned long *action;
+	size_t l1 = strlen(*argv), l_hit = 0;
+	struct dm_message_option *o = msg->spec->options;
+	char **option, **option_end = o->options + o->num_options;
+
+	for (option = o->options, action = o->actions;
+	     option < option_end; option++, action++) {
+		size_t l2 = strlen(*option);
+
+		if (!strnicmp(*argv, *option, min(l1, l2))) {
+			hit++;
+			l_hit = l2;
+			set_bit(*action, &msg->action);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Assume error. */
+	msg->ret = 0;
+	set_bit(dm_msg_ret_option, &msg->ret);
+	if (!hit || l1 > l_hit)
+		set_bit(dm_msg_ret_undef, &msg->ret);	/* Undefined option. */
+	else if (hit > 1)
+		set_bit(dm_msg_ret_ambiguous, &msg->ret); /* Ambiguous option.*/
+	else {
+		clear_bit(dm_msg_ret_option, &msg->ret); /* Option OK. */
+		message_arguments(msg, --argc, ++argv);
+	}
+}
+
+static inline void
+print_ret(const char *caller, unsigned long ret)
+{
+	struct {
+		unsigned long err;
+		const char *err_str;
+	} static err_msg[] = {
+		{ dm_msg_ret_ambiguous, "message ambiguous" },
+		{ dm_msg_ret_inval, "message invalid" },
+		{ dm_msg_ret_undef, "message undefined" },
+		{ dm_msg_ret_arg, "message argument" },
+		{ dm_msg_ret_argcount, "message argument count" },
+		{ dm_msg_ret_option, "option" },
+	}, *e = ARRAY_END(err_msg);
+
+	while (e-- > err_msg) {
+		if (test_bit(e->err, &ret))
+			DMERR("%s %s", caller, e->err_str);
+	}
+}
+
+/* Parse a message action. */
+int
+dm_message_parse(const char *caller, struct dm_msg *msg, void *context,
+		 int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	int hit = 0;
+	size_t l1, l_hit = 0;
+	struct dm_msg_spec *s, *s_hit = NULL,
+			   *s_end = msg->specs + msg->num_specs;
+
+	if (argc < 2)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	l1 = strlen(*argv);
+	for (s = msg->specs; s < s_end; s++) {
+		size_t l2 = strlen(s->cmd);
+
+		if (!strnicmp(*argv, s->cmd, min(l1, l2))) {
+			hit++;
+			l_hit = l2;
+			s_hit = s;
+		}
+	}
+
+	msg->ret = 0;
+	if (!hit || l1 > l_hit)	/* No hit or message string too long. */
+		set_bit(dm_msg_ret_undef, &msg->ret);
+	else if (hit > 1)	/* Ambiguous message. */
+		set_bit(dm_msg_ret_ambiguous, &msg->ret);
+	else if (argc - 2 != s_hit->args->num_args) {
+		set_bit(dm_msg_ret_undef, &msg->ret);
+		set_bit(dm_msg_ret_argcount, &msg->ret);
+	}
+
+	if (msg->ret)
+		goto bad;
+
+	msg->action = 0;
+	msg->spec = s_hit;
+	set_bit(s_hit->action, &msg->action);
+	message_options_parse(msg, --argc, ++argv);
+
+	if (!msg->ret)
+		return msg->spec->f(msg, context);
+
+bad:
+	print_ret(caller, msg->ret);
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(dm_message_parse);
+
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION(DM_NAME " device-mapper target message parser");
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Heinz Mauelshagen <hjm@redhat.com>");
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
diff --git a/ubuntu/dm-raid4-5/dm-message.h b/ubuntu/dm-raid4-5/dm-message.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2024534c5bf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/dm-raid4-5/dm-message.h
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007,2008 Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Module Author: Heinz Mauelshagen <Mauelshagen@RedHat.de>
+ *
+ * General device-mapper message interface argument parser.
+ *
+ * This file is released under the GPL.
+ *
+ */
+
+#ifndef DM_MESSAGE_H
+#define DM_MESSAGE_H
+
+/* Factor out to dm.h. */
+/* Reference to array end. */
+#define ARRAY_END(a)    ((a) + ARRAY_SIZE(a))
+
+/* Message return bits. */
+enum dm_message_return {
+	dm_msg_ret_ambiguous,		/* Action ambiguous. */
+	dm_msg_ret_inval,		/* Action invalid. */
+	dm_msg_ret_undef,		/* Action undefined. */
+
+	dm_msg_ret_option,		/* Option error. */
+	dm_msg_ret_arg,			/* Argument error. */
+	dm_msg_ret_argcount,		/* Argument count error. */
+};
+
+/* Message argument type conversions. */
+enum dm_message_argument_type {
+	dm_msg_base_t,		/* Basename string. */
+	dm_msg_str_t,		/* String. */
+	dm_msg_int_t,		/* Signed int. */
+	dm_msg_uint_t,		/* Unsigned int. */
+	dm_msg_uint64_t,	/* Unsigned int 64. */
+};
+
+/* A message option. */
+struct dm_message_option {
+	unsigned num_options;
+	char **options;
+	unsigned long *actions;
+};
+
+/* Message arguments and types. */
+struct dm_message_argument {
+	unsigned num_args;
+	unsigned long **ptr;
+	enum dm_message_argument_type types[];
+};
+
+/* Client message. */
+struct dm_msg {
+	unsigned long action;		/* Identified action. */
+	unsigned long ret;		/* Return bits. */
+	unsigned num_specs;		/* # of sepcifications listed. */
+	struct dm_msg_spec *specs;	/* Specification list. */
+	struct dm_msg_spec *spec;	/* Specification selected. */
+};
+
+/* Secification of the message. */
+struct dm_msg_spec {
+	const char *cmd;	/* Name of the command (i.e. 'bandwidth'). */
+	unsigned long action;
+	struct dm_message_option *options;
+	struct dm_message_argument *args;
+	unsigned long parm;	/* Parameter to pass through to callback. */
+	/* Function to process for action. */
+	int (*f) (struct dm_msg *msg, void *context);
+};
+
+/* Parameter access macros. */
+#define	DM_MSG_PARM(msg) ((msg)->spec->parm)
+
+#define	DM_MSG_STR_ARGS(msg, idx) ((char *) *(msg)->spec->args->ptr[idx])
+#define	DM_MSG_INT_ARGS(msg, idx) ((int) *(msg)->spec->args->ptr[idx])
+#define	DM_MSG_UINT_ARGS(msg, idx) ((unsigned) DM_MSG_INT_ARG(msg, idx))
+#define	DM_MSG_UINT64_ARGS(msg, idx) ((uint64_t)  *(msg)->spec->args->ptr[idx])
+
+#define	DM_MSG_STR_ARG(msg)	DM_MSG_STR_ARGS(msg, 0)
+#define	DM_MSG_INT_ARG(msg)	DM_MSG_INT_ARGS(msg, 0)
+#define	DM_MSG_UINT_ARG(msg)	DM_MSG_UINT_ARGS(msg, 0)
+#define	DM_MSG_UINT64_ARG(msg)	DM_MSG_UINT64_ARGS(msg, 0)
+
+
+/* Parse a message and its options and optionally call a function back. */
+int dm_message_parse(const char *caller, struct dm_msg *msg, void *context,
+		     int argc, char **argv);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/ubuntu/dm-raid4-5/dm-raid4-5.c b/ubuntu/dm-raid4-5/dm-raid4-5.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e05b0e14e347
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/dm-raid4-5/dm-raid4-5.c
@@ -0,0 +1,4539 @@
+/*[A[A
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Module Author: Heinz Mauelshagen <heinzm@redhat.com>
+ *
+ * This file is released under the GPL.
+ *
+ *
+ * Linux 2.6 Device Mapper RAID4 and RAID5 target.
+ *
+ * Supports:
+ *	o RAID4 with dedicated and selectable parity device
+ *	o RAID5 with rotating parity (left+right, symmetric+asymmetric)
+ *	o recovery of out of sync device for initial
+ *	  RAID set creation or after dead drive replacement
+ *	o run time optimization of xor algorithm used to calculate parity
+ *
+ *
+ * Thanks to MD for:
+ *    o the raid address calculation algorithm
+ *    o the base of the biovec <-> page list copier.
+ *
+ *
+ * Uses region hash to keep track of how many writes are in flight to
+ * regions in order to use dirty log to keep state of regions to recover:
+ *
+ *    o clean regions (those which are synchronized
+ * 	and don't have write io in flight)
+ *    o dirty regions (those with write io in flight)
+ *
+ *
+ * On startup, any dirty regions are migrated to the
+ * 'nosync' state and are subject to recovery by the daemon.
+ *
+ * See raid_ctr() for table definition.
+ *
+ * FIXME: recovery bandwidth
+ */ 
+
+static const char *version = "v0.2594b";
+
+#include "dm.h"
+#include "dm-memcache.h"
+#include "dm-message.h"
+#include "dm-raid45.h"
+
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
+#include <linux/raid/xor.h>
+
+#include <linux/bio.h>
+#include <linux/dm-io.h>
+#include <linux/dm-dirty-log.h>
+#include "dm-region-hash.h"
+
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+
+/*
+ * Configurable parameters
+ */
+
+/* Minimum/maximum and default # of selectable stripes. */
+#define	STRIPES_MIN		8
+#define	STRIPES_MAX		16384
+#define	STRIPES_DEFAULT		80
+
+/* Maximum and default chunk size in sectors if not set in constructor. */
+#define	CHUNK_SIZE_MIN		8
+#define	CHUNK_SIZE_MAX		16384
+#define	CHUNK_SIZE_DEFAULT	64
+
+/* Default io size in sectors if not set in constructor. */
+#define	IO_SIZE_MIN		CHUNK_SIZE_MIN
+#define	IO_SIZE_DEFAULT		IO_SIZE_MIN
+
+/* Recover io size default in sectors. */
+#define	RECOVER_IO_SIZE_MIN		64
+#define	RECOVER_IO_SIZE_DEFAULT		256
+
+/* Default, minimum and maximum percentage of recover io bandwidth. */
+#define	BANDWIDTH_DEFAULT	10
+#define	BANDWIDTH_MIN		1
+#define	BANDWIDTH_MAX		100
+
+/* # of parallel recovered regions */
+#define RECOVERY_STRIPES_MIN	1
+#define RECOVERY_STRIPES_MAX	64
+#define RECOVERY_STRIPES_DEFAULT	RECOVERY_STRIPES_MIN
+/*
+ * END Configurable parameters
+ */
+
+#define	TARGET	"dm-raid45"
+#define	DAEMON	"kraid45d"
+#define	DM_MSG_PREFIX	TARGET
+
+#define	SECTORS_PER_PAGE	(PAGE_SIZE >> SECTOR_SHIFT)
+
+/* Amount/size for __xor(). */
+#define	XOR_SIZE	PAGE_SIZE
+
+/* Check value in range. */
+#define	range_ok(i, min, max)	(i >= min && i <= max)
+
+/* Check argument is power of 2. */
+#define POWER_OF_2(a) (!(a & (a - 1)))
+
+/* Structure access macros. */
+/* Derive raid_set from stripe_cache pointer. */
+#define	RS(x)	container_of(x, struct raid_set, sc)
+
+/* Page reference. */
+#define PAGE(stripe, p)  ((stripe)->obj[p].pl->page)
+
+/* Stripe chunk reference. */
+#define CHUNK(stripe, p) ((stripe)->chunk + p)
+
+/* Bio list reference. */
+#define	BL(stripe, p, rw)	(stripe->chunk[p].bl + rw)
+#define	BL_CHUNK(chunk, rw)	(chunk->bl + rw)
+
+/* Page list reference. */
+#define	PL(stripe, p)		(stripe->obj[p].pl)
+/* END: structure access macros. */
+
+/* Factor out to dm-bio-list.h */
+static inline void bio_list_push(struct bio_list *bl, struct bio *bio)
+{
+	bio->bi_next = bl->head;
+	bl->head = bio;
+
+	if (!bl->tail)
+		bl->tail = bio;
+}
+
+/* Factor out to dm.h */
+#define TI_ERR_RET(str, ret) \
+	do { ti->error = str; return ret; } while (0);
+#define TI_ERR(str)     TI_ERR_RET(str, -EINVAL)
+
+/* Macro to define access IO flags access inline functions. */
+#define	BITOPS(name, what, var, flag) \
+static inline int TestClear ## name ## what(struct var *v) \
+{ return test_and_clear_bit(flag, &v->io.flags); } \
+static inline int TestSet ## name ## what(struct var *v) \
+{ return test_and_set_bit(flag, &v->io.flags); } \
+static inline void Clear ## name ## what(struct var *v) \
+{ clear_bit(flag, &v->io.flags); } \
+static inline void Set ## name ## what(struct var *v) \
+{ set_bit(flag, &v->io.flags); } \
+static inline int name ## what(struct var *v) \
+{ return test_bit(flag, &v->io.flags); }
+
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ * Stripe cache
+ *
+ * Cache for all reads and writes to raid sets (operational or degraded)
+ *
+ * We need to run all data to and from a RAID set through this cache,
+ * because parity chunks need to get calculated from data chunks
+ * or, in the degraded/resynchronization case, missing chunks need
+ * to be reconstructed using the other chunks of the stripe.
+ *---------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/* A chunk within a stripe (holds bios hanging off). */
+/* IO status flags for chunks of a stripe. */
+enum chunk_flags {
+	CHUNK_DIRTY,		/* Pages of chunk dirty; need writing. */
+	CHUNK_ERROR,		/* IO error on any chunk page. */
+	CHUNK_IO,		/* Allow/prohibit IO on chunk pages. */
+	CHUNK_LOCKED,		/* Chunk pages locked during IO. */
+	CHUNK_MUST_IO,		/* Chunk must io. */
+	CHUNK_UNLOCK,		/* Enforce chunk unlock. */
+	CHUNK_UPTODATE,		/* Chunk pages are uptodate. */
+};
+
+/*
+ * This does not work anymore with __REQ_* values being enums
+ *
+#if READ != 0 || WRITE != 1
+#error dm-raid45: READ/WRITE != 0/1 used as index!!!
+#endif
+*/
+
+enum bl_type {
+	WRITE_QUEUED = WRITE + 1,
+	WRITE_MERGED,
+	NR_BL_TYPES,	/* Must be last one! */
+};
+struct stripe_chunk {
+	atomic_t cnt;		/* Reference count. */
+	struct stripe *stripe;	/* Backpointer to stripe for endio(). */
+	/* Bio lists for reads, writes, and writes merged. */
+	struct bio_list bl[NR_BL_TYPES];
+	struct {
+		unsigned long flags; /* IO status flags. */
+	} io;
+};
+
+/* Define chunk bit operations. */
+BITOPS(Chunk, Dirty,	 stripe_chunk, CHUNK_DIRTY)
+BITOPS(Chunk, Error,	 stripe_chunk, CHUNK_ERROR)
+BITOPS(Chunk, Io,	 stripe_chunk, CHUNK_IO)
+BITOPS(Chunk, Locked,	 stripe_chunk, CHUNK_LOCKED)
+BITOPS(Chunk, MustIo,	 stripe_chunk, CHUNK_MUST_IO)
+BITOPS(Chunk, Unlock,	 stripe_chunk, CHUNK_UNLOCK)
+BITOPS(Chunk, Uptodate,	 stripe_chunk, CHUNK_UPTODATE)
+
+/*
+ * Stripe linked list indexes. Keep order, because the stripe
+ * and the stripe cache rely on the first 3!
+ */
+enum list_types {
+	LIST_FLUSH,	/* Stripes to flush for io. */
+	LIST_ENDIO,	/* Stripes to endio. */
+	LIST_LRU,	/* Least recently used stripes. */
+	SC_NR_LISTS,	/* # of lists in stripe cache. */
+	LIST_HASH = SC_NR_LISTS,	/* Hashed stripes. */
+	LIST_RECOVER = LIST_HASH, /* For recovery type stripes only. */
+	STRIPE_NR_LISTS,/* To size array in struct stripe. */
+};
+
+/* Adressing region recovery. */
+struct recover_addr {
+	struct dm_region *reg;	/* Actual region to recover. */
+	sector_t pos;	/* Position within region to recover. */
+	sector_t end;	/* End of region to recover. */
+};
+
+/* A stripe: the io object to handle all reads and writes to a RAID set. */
+struct stripe {
+	atomic_t cnt;			/* Reference count. */
+	struct stripe_cache *sc;	/* Backpointer to stripe cache. */
+
+	/*
+	 * 4 linked lists:
+	 *   o io list to flush io
+	 *   o endio list
+	 *   o LRU list to put stripes w/o reference count on
+	 *   o stripe cache hash
+	 */
+	struct list_head lists[STRIPE_NR_LISTS];
+
+	sector_t key;	 /* Hash key. */
+	region_t region; /* Region stripe is mapped to. */
+
+	struct {
+		unsigned long flags;	/* Stripe state flags (see below). */
+
+		/*
+		 * Pending ios in flight:
+		 *
+		 * used to control move of stripe to endio list
+		 */
+		atomic_t pending;
+
+		/* Sectors to read and write for multi page stripe sets. */
+		unsigned size;
+	} io;
+
+	/* Address region recovery. */
+	struct recover_addr *recover;
+
+	/* Lock on stripe (Future: for clustering). */
+	void *lock;
+
+	struct {
+		unsigned short parity;	/* Parity chunk index. */
+		short recover;		/* Recovery chunk index. */
+	} idx;
+
+	/*
+	 * This stripe's memory cache object (dm-mem-cache);
+	 * i.e. the io chunk pages.
+	 */
+	struct dm_mem_cache_object *obj;
+
+	/* Array of stripe sets (dynamically allocated). */
+	struct stripe_chunk chunk[0];
+};
+
+/* States stripes can be in (flags field). */
+enum stripe_states {
+	STRIPE_ERROR,		/* io error on stripe. */
+	STRIPE_MERGED,		/* Writes got merged to be written. */
+	STRIPE_RBW,		/* Read-before-write stripe. */
+	STRIPE_RECONSTRUCT,	/* Reconstruct of a missing chunk required. */
+	STRIPE_RECONSTRUCTED,	/* Reconstructed of a missing chunk. */
+	STRIPE_RECOVER,		/* Stripe used for RAID set recovery. */
+};
+
+/* Define stripe bit operations. */
+BITOPS(Stripe, Error,	      stripe, STRIPE_ERROR)
+BITOPS(Stripe, Merged,        stripe, STRIPE_MERGED)
+BITOPS(Stripe, RBW,	      stripe, STRIPE_RBW)
+BITOPS(Stripe, Reconstruct,   stripe, STRIPE_RECONSTRUCT)
+BITOPS(Stripe, Reconstructed, stripe, STRIPE_RECONSTRUCTED)
+BITOPS(Stripe, Recover,	      stripe, STRIPE_RECOVER)
+
+/* A stripe hash. */
+struct stripe_hash {
+	struct list_head *hash;
+	unsigned buckets;
+	unsigned mask;
+	unsigned prime;
+	unsigned shift;
+};
+
+enum sc_lock_types {
+	LOCK_ENDIO,	/* Protect endio list. */
+	LOCK_LRU,	/* Protect LRU list. */
+	NR_LOCKS,       /* To size array in struct stripe_cache. */
+};
+
+/* A stripe cache. */
+struct stripe_cache {
+	/* Stripe hash. */
+	struct stripe_hash hash;
+
+	spinlock_t locks[NR_LOCKS];	/* Locks to protect lists. */
+
+	/* Stripes with io to flush, stripes to endio and LRU lists. */
+	struct list_head lists[SC_NR_LISTS];
+
+	/* Slab cache to allocate stripes from. */
+	struct {
+		struct kmem_cache *cache;	/* Cache itself. */
+		char name[32];	/* Unique name. */
+	} kc;
+
+	struct dm_io_client *dm_io_client; /* dm-io client resource context. */
+
+	/* dm-mem-cache client resource context. */
+	struct dm_mem_cache_client *mem_cache_client;
+
+	int stripes_parm;	    /* # stripes parameter from constructor. */
+	atomic_t stripes;	    /* actual # of stripes in cache. */
+	atomic_t stripes_to_set;    /* # of stripes to resize cache to. */
+	atomic_t stripes_last;	    /* last # of stripes in cache. */
+	atomic_t active_stripes;    /* actual # of active stripes in cache. */
+
+	/* REMOVEME: */
+	atomic_t active_stripes_max; /* actual # of active stripes in cache. */
+};
+
+/* Flag specs for raid_dev */ ;
+enum raid_dev_flags {
+	DEV_FAILED,	/* Device failed. */
+	DEV_IO_QUEUED,	/* Io got queued to device. */
+};
+
+/* The raid device in a set. */
+struct raid_dev {
+	struct dm_dev *dev;
+	sector_t start;		/* Offset to map to. */
+	struct {	/* Using struct to be able to BITOPS(). */
+		unsigned long flags;	/* raid_dev_flags. */
+	} io;
+};
+
+BITOPS(Dev, Failed,   raid_dev, DEV_FAILED)
+BITOPS(Dev, IoQueued, raid_dev, DEV_IO_QUEUED)
+
+/* Flags spec for raid_set. */
+enum raid_set_flags {
+	RS_CHECK_OVERWRITE,	/* Check for chunk overwrites. */
+	RS_DEAD,		/* RAID set inoperational. */
+	RS_DEGRADED,		/* Io errors on RAID device. */
+	RS_DEVEL_STATS,		/* REMOVEME: display status information. */
+	RS_RECOVER,		/* Do recovery. */
+	RS_RECOVERY_BANDWIDTH,	/* Allow recovery bandwidth (delayed bios). */
+	RS_SC_BUSY,		/* Stripe cache busy -> send an event. */
+	RS_SUSPEND,		/* Suspend RAID set. */
+};
+
+/* REMOVEME: devel stats counters. */
+enum stats_types {
+	S_BIOS_READ,
+	S_BIOS_ADDED_READ,
+	S_BIOS_ENDIO_READ,
+	S_BIOS_WRITE,
+	S_BIOS_ADDED_WRITE,
+	S_BIOS_ENDIO_WRITE,
+	S_CAN_MERGE,
+	S_CANT_MERGE,
+	S_CONGESTED,
+	S_DM_IO_READ,
+	S_DM_IO_WRITE,
+	S_BANDWIDTH,
+	S_BARRIER,
+	S_BIO_COPY_PL_NEXT,
+	S_DEGRADED,
+	S_DELAYED_BIOS,
+	S_FLUSHS,
+	S_HITS_1ST,
+	S_IOS_POST,
+	S_INSCACHE,
+	S_MAX_LOOKUP,
+	S_CHUNK_LOCKED,
+	S_NO_BANDWIDTH,
+	S_NOT_CONGESTED,
+	S_NO_RW,
+	S_NOSYNC,
+	S_OVERWRITE,
+	S_PROHIBITCHUNKIO,
+	S_RECONSTRUCT_EI,
+	S_RECONSTRUCT_DEV,
+	S_RECONSTRUCT_SET,
+	S_RECONSTRUCTED,
+	S_REQUEUE,
+	S_STRIPE_ERROR,
+	S_SUM_DELAYED_BIOS,
+	S_XORS,
+	S_NR_STATS,	/* # of stats counters. Must be last! */
+};
+
+/* Status type -> string mappings. */
+struct stats_map {
+	const enum stats_types type;
+	const char *str;
+};
+
+static struct stats_map stats_map[] = {
+	{ S_BIOS_READ, "r=" },
+	{ S_BIOS_ADDED_READ, "/" },
+	{ S_BIOS_ENDIO_READ, "/" },
+	{ S_BIOS_WRITE, " w=" },
+	{ S_BIOS_ADDED_WRITE, "/" },
+	{ S_BIOS_ENDIO_WRITE, "/" },
+	{ S_DM_IO_READ, " rc=" },
+	{ S_DM_IO_WRITE, " wc=" },
+	{ S_BANDWIDTH, "\nbw=" },
+	{ S_NO_BANDWIDTH, " no_bw=" },
+	{ S_BARRIER, "\nbarrier=" },
+	{ S_BIO_COPY_PL_NEXT, "\nbio_cp_next=" },
+	{ S_CAN_MERGE, "\nmerge=" },
+	{ S_CANT_MERGE, "/no_merge=" },
+	{ S_CHUNK_LOCKED, "\nchunk_locked=" },
+	{ S_CONGESTED, "\ncgst=" },
+	{ S_NOT_CONGESTED, "/not_cgst=" },
+	{ S_DEGRADED, "\ndegraded=" },
+	{ S_DELAYED_BIOS, "\ndel_bios=" },
+	{ S_SUM_DELAYED_BIOS, "/sum_del_bios=" },
+	{ S_FLUSHS, "\nflushs=" },
+	{ S_HITS_1ST, "\nhits_1st=" },
+	{ S_IOS_POST, " ios_post=" },
+	{ S_INSCACHE, " inscache=" },
+	{ S_MAX_LOOKUP, " maxlookup=" },
+	{ S_NO_RW, "\nno_rw=" },
+	{ S_NOSYNC, " nosync=" },
+	{ S_OVERWRITE, " ovr=" },
+	{ S_PROHIBITCHUNKIO, " prhbt_io=" },
+	{ S_RECONSTRUCT_EI, "\nrec_ei=" },
+	{ S_RECONSTRUCT_DEV, " rec_dev=" },
+	{ S_RECONSTRUCT_SET, " rec_set=" },
+	{ S_RECONSTRUCTED, " rec=" },
+	{ S_REQUEUE, " requeue=" },
+	{ S_STRIPE_ERROR, " stripe_err=" },
+	{ S_XORS, " xors=" },
+};
+
+/*
+ * A RAID set.
+ */
+#define	dm_rh_client	dm_region_hash
+enum count_type { IO_WORK = 0, IO_RECOVER, IO_NR_COUNT };
+typedef void (*xor_function_t)(unsigned count, unsigned long **data);
+struct raid_set {
+	struct dm_target *ti;	/* Target pointer. */
+
+	struct {
+		unsigned long flags;	/* State flags. */
+		struct mutex in_lock;	/* Protects central input list below. */
+		struct bio_list in;	/* Pending ios (central input list). */
+		struct bio_list work;	/* ios work set. */
+		wait_queue_head_t suspendq;	/* suspend synchronization. */
+		atomic_t in_process;	/* counter of queued bios (suspendq). */
+		atomic_t in_process_max;/* counter of queued bios max. */
+
+		/* io work. */
+		struct workqueue_struct *wq;
+		struct delayed_work dws_do_raid;	/* For main worker. */
+		struct work_struct ws_do_table_event;	/* For event worker. */
+	} io;
+
+	/* Stripe locking abstraction. */
+	struct dm_raid45_locking_type *locking;
+
+	struct stripe_cache sc;	/* Stripe cache for this set. */
+
+	/* Xor optimization. */
+	struct {
+		struct xor_func *f;
+		unsigned chunks;
+		unsigned speed;
+	} xor;
+
+	/* Recovery parameters. */
+	struct recover {
+		struct dm_dirty_log *dl;	/* Dirty log. */
+		struct dm_rh_client *rh;	/* Region hash. */
+
+		struct dm_io_client *dm_io_client; /* recovery dm-io client. */
+		/* dm-mem-cache client resource context for recovery stripes. */
+		struct dm_mem_cache_client *mem_cache_client;
+
+		struct list_head stripes;	/* List of recovery stripes. */
+
+		region_t nr_regions;
+		region_t nr_regions_to_recover;
+		region_t nr_regions_recovered;
+		unsigned long start_jiffies;
+		unsigned long end_jiffies;
+
+		unsigned bandwidth;	 /* Recovery bandwidth [%]. */
+		unsigned bandwidth_work; /* Recovery bandwidth [factor]. */
+		unsigned bandwidth_parm; /*  " constructor parm. */
+		unsigned io_size;        /* recovery io size <= region size. */
+		unsigned io_size_parm;   /* recovery io size ctr parameter. */
+		unsigned recovery;	 /* Recovery allowed/prohibited. */
+		unsigned recovery_stripes; /* # of parallel recovery stripes. */
+
+		/* recovery io throttling. */
+		atomic_t io_count[IO_NR_COUNT];	/* counter recover/regular io.*/
+		unsigned long last_jiffies;
+	} recover;
+
+	/* RAID set parameters. */
+	struct {
+		struct raid_type *raid_type;	/* RAID type (eg, RAID4). */
+		unsigned raid_parms;	/* # variable raid parameters. */
+
+		unsigned chunk_size;	/* Sectors per chunk. */
+		unsigned chunk_size_parm;
+		unsigned chunk_shift;	/* rsector chunk size shift. */
+
+		unsigned io_size;	/* Sectors per io. */
+		unsigned io_size_parm;
+		unsigned io_mask;	/* Mask for bio_copy_page_list(). */
+		unsigned io_inv_mask;	/* Mask for raid_address(). */
+
+		sector_t sectors_per_dev;	/* Sectors per device. */
+
+		atomic_t failed_devs;		/* Amount of devices failed. */
+
+		/* Index of device to initialize. */
+		int dev_to_init;
+		int dev_to_init_parm;
+
+		/* Raid devices dynamically allocated. */
+		unsigned raid_devs;	/* # of RAID devices below. */
+		unsigned data_devs;	/* # of RAID data devices. */
+
+		int ei;		/* index of failed RAID device. */
+
+		/* Index of dedicated parity device (i.e. RAID4). */
+		int pi;
+		int pi_parm;	/* constructor parm for status output. */
+	} set;
+
+	/* REMOVEME: devel stats counters. */
+	atomic_t stats[S_NR_STATS];
+
+	/* Dynamically allocated temporary pointers for xor(). */
+	unsigned long **data;
+
+	/* Dynamically allocated RAID devices. Alignment? */
+	struct raid_dev dev[0];
+};
+
+/* Define RAID set bit operations. */
+BITOPS(RS, Bandwidth, raid_set, RS_RECOVERY_BANDWIDTH)
+BITOPS(RS, CheckOverwrite, raid_set, RS_CHECK_OVERWRITE)
+BITOPS(RS, Dead, raid_set, RS_DEAD)
+BITOPS(RS, Degraded, raid_set, RS_DEGRADED)
+BITOPS(RS, DevelStats, raid_set, RS_DEVEL_STATS)
+BITOPS(RS, Recover, raid_set, RS_RECOVER)
+BITOPS(RS, ScBusy, raid_set, RS_SC_BUSY)
+BITOPS(RS, Suspend, raid_set, RS_SUSPEND)
+#undef BITOPS
+
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ * Raid-4/5 set structures.
+ *---------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/* RAID level definitions. */
+enum raid_level {
+	raid4,
+	raid5,
+};
+
+/* Symmetric/Asymmetric, Left/Right parity rotating algorithms. */
+enum raid_algorithm {
+	none,
+	left_asym,
+	right_asym,
+	left_sym,
+	right_sym,
+};
+
+struct raid_type {
+	const char *name;		/* RAID algorithm. */
+	const char *descr;		/* Descriptor text for logging. */
+	const unsigned parity_devs;	/* # of parity devices. */
+	const unsigned minimal_devs;	/* minimal # of devices in set. */
+	const enum raid_level level;		/* RAID level. */
+	const enum raid_algorithm algorithm;	/* RAID algorithm. */
+};
+
+/* Supported raid types and properties. */
+static struct raid_type raid_types[] = {
+	{"raid4",    "RAID4 (dedicated parity disk)", 1, 3, raid4, none},
+	{"raid5_la", "RAID5 (left asymmetric)",       1, 3, raid5, left_asym},
+	{"raid5_ra", "RAID5 (right asymmetric)",      1, 3, raid5, right_asym},
+	{"raid5_ls", "RAID5 (left symmetric)",        1, 3, raid5, left_sym},
+	{"raid5_rs", "RAID5 (right symmetric)",       1, 3, raid5, right_sym},
+};
+
+/* Address as calculated by raid_address(). */
+struct raid_address {
+	sector_t key;		/* Hash key (address of stripe % chunk_size). */
+	unsigned di, pi;	/* Data and parity disks index. */
+};
+
+/* REMOVEME: reset statistics counters. */
+static void stats_reset(struct raid_set *rs)
+{
+	unsigned s = S_NR_STATS;
+
+	while (s--)
+		atomic_set(rs->stats + s, 0);
+}
+
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------
+ * RAID set management routines.
+ *--------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/*
+ * Begin small helper functions.
+ */
+/* No need to be called from region hash indirectly at dm_rh_dec(). */
+static void wake_dummy(void *context) {}
+
+/* Return # of io reference. */
+static int io_ref(struct raid_set *rs)
+{
+	return atomic_read(&rs->io.in_process);
+}
+
+/* Get an io reference. */
+static void io_get(struct raid_set *rs)
+{
+	int p = atomic_inc_return(&rs->io.in_process);
+
+	if (p > atomic_read(&rs->io.in_process_max))
+		atomic_set(&rs->io.in_process_max, p); /* REMOVEME: max. */
+}
+
+/* Put the io reference and conditionally wake io waiters. */
+static void io_put(struct raid_set *rs)
+{
+	/* Intel: rebuild data corrupter? */
+	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&rs->io.in_process))
+		wake_up(&rs->io.suspendq);
+	else
+		BUG_ON(io_ref(rs) < 0);
+}
+
+/* Wait until all io has been processed. */
+static void wait_ios(struct raid_set *rs)
+{
+	wait_event(rs->io.suspendq, !io_ref(rs));
+}
+
+/* Queue (optionally delayed) io work. */
+static void wake_do_raid_delayed(struct raid_set *rs, unsigned long delay)
+{
+	queue_delayed_work(rs->io.wq, &rs->io.dws_do_raid, delay);
+}
+
+/* Queue io work immediately (called from region hash too). */
+static void wake_do_raid(void *context)
+{
+	struct raid_set *rs = context;
+
+	queue_work(rs->io.wq, &rs->io.dws_do_raid.work);
+}
+
+/* Calculate device sector offset. */
+static sector_t _sector(struct raid_set *rs, struct bio *bio)
+{
+	sector_t sector = bio->bi_sector;
+
+	sector_div(sector, rs->set.data_devs);
+	return sector;
+}
+
+/* Return # of active stripes in stripe cache. */
+static int sc_active(struct stripe_cache *sc)
+{
+	return atomic_read(&sc->active_stripes);
+}
+
+/* Stripe cache busy indicator. */
+static int sc_busy(struct raid_set *rs)
+{
+	return sc_active(&rs->sc) >
+	       atomic_read(&rs->sc.stripes) - (STRIPES_MIN / 2);
+}
+
+/* Set chunks states. */
+enum chunk_dirty_type { CLEAN, DIRTY, ERROR };
+static void chunk_set(struct stripe_chunk *chunk, enum chunk_dirty_type type)
+{
+	switch (type) {
+	case CLEAN:
+		ClearChunkDirty(chunk);
+		break;
+	case DIRTY:
+		SetChunkDirty(chunk);
+		break;
+	case ERROR:
+		SetChunkError(chunk);
+		SetStripeError(chunk->stripe);
+		return;
+	default:
+		BUG();
+	}
+
+	SetChunkUptodate(chunk);
+	SetChunkIo(chunk);
+	ClearChunkError(chunk);
+}
+
+/* Return region state for a sector. */
+static int region_state(struct raid_set *rs, sector_t sector, 
+			enum dm_rh_region_states state)
+{
+	struct dm_rh_client *rh = rs->recover.rh;
+	region_t region = dm_rh_sector_to_region(rh, sector);
+
+	return !!(dm_rh_get_state(rh, region, 1) & state);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return true in case a chunk should be read/written
+ *
+ * Conditions to read/write:
+ *	o chunk not uptodate
+ *	o chunk dirty
+ *
+ * Conditios to avoid io:
+ *	o io already ongoing on chunk
+ *	o io explitely prohibited
+ */
+static int chunk_io(struct stripe_chunk *chunk)
+{
+	/* 2nd run optimization (flag set below on first run). */
+	if (TestClearChunkMustIo(chunk))
+		return 1;
+
+	/* Avoid io if prohibited or a locked chunk. */
+	if (!ChunkIo(chunk) || ChunkLocked(chunk))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!ChunkUptodate(chunk) || ChunkDirty(chunk)) {
+		SetChunkMustIo(chunk); /* 2nd run optimization. */
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* Call a function on each chunk needing io unless device failed. */
+static unsigned for_each_io_dev(struct stripe *stripe,
+			        void (*f_io)(struct stripe *stripe, unsigned p))
+{
+	struct raid_set *rs = RS(stripe->sc);
+	unsigned p, r = 0;
+
+	for (p = 0; p < rs->set.raid_devs; p++) {
+		if (chunk_io(CHUNK(stripe, p)) && !DevFailed(rs->dev + p)) {
+			f_io(stripe, p);
+			r++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Index of device to calculate parity on.
+ *
+ * Either the parity device index *or* the selected
+ * device to init after a spare replacement.
+ */
+static int dev_for_parity(struct stripe *stripe, int *sync)
+{
+	struct raid_set *rs = RS(stripe->sc);
+	int r = region_state(rs, stripe->key, DM_RH_NOSYNC | DM_RH_RECOVERING);
+
+	*sync = !r;
+
+	/* Reconstruct a particular device ?. */
+	if (r && rs->set.dev_to_init > -1)
+		return rs->set.dev_to_init;
+	else if (rs->set.raid_type->level == raid4)
+		return rs->set.pi;
+	else if (!StripeRecover(stripe))
+		return stripe->idx.parity;
+	else
+		return -1;
+}
+
+/* RAID set congested function. */
+static int rs_congested(void *congested_data, int bdi_bits)
+{
+	int r;
+	unsigned p;
+	struct raid_set *rs = congested_data;
+
+	if (sc_busy(rs) || RSSuspend(rs))
+		r = 1;
+	else for (r = 0, p = rs->set.raid_devs; !r && p--; ) {
+		/* If any of our component devices are overloaded. */
+		struct request_queue *q = bdev_get_queue(rs->dev[p].dev->bdev);
+
+		r |= bdi_congested(&q->backing_dev_info, bdi_bits);
+	}
+
+	/* REMOVEME: statistics. */
+	atomic_inc(rs->stats + (r ? S_CONGESTED : S_NOT_CONGESTED));
+	return r;
+}
+
+/* RAID device degrade check. */
+static void rs_check_degrade_dev(struct raid_set *rs,
+				       struct stripe *stripe, unsigned p)
+{
+	if (TestSetDevFailed(rs->dev + p))
+		return;
+
+	/* Through an event in case of member device errors. */
+	if (atomic_inc_return(&rs->set.failed_devs) >
+	    rs->set.raid_type->parity_devs &&
+	    !TestSetRSDead(rs)) {
+		/* Display RAID set dead message once. */
+		unsigned p;
+		char buf[BDEVNAME_SIZE];
+
+		DMERR("FATAL: too many devices failed -> RAID set broken");
+		for (p = 0; p < rs->set.raid_devs; p++) {
+			if (DevFailed(rs->dev + p))
+				DMERR("device /dev/%s failed",
+				      bdevname(rs->dev[p].dev->bdev, buf));
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Only log the first member error. */
+	if (!TestSetRSDegraded(rs)) {
+		char buf[BDEVNAME_SIZE];
+
+		/* Store index for recovery. */
+		rs->set.ei = p;
+		DMERR("CRITICAL: %sio error on device /dev/%s "
+		      "in region=%llu; DEGRADING RAID set\n",
+		      stripe ? "" : "FAKED ",
+		      bdevname(rs->dev[p].dev->bdev, buf),
+		      (unsigned long long) (stripe ? stripe->key : 0));
+		DMERR("further device error messages suppressed");
+	}
+
+	schedule_work(&rs->io.ws_do_table_event);
+}
+
+/* RAID set degrade check. */
+static void rs_check_degrade(struct stripe *stripe)
+{
+	struct raid_set *rs = RS(stripe->sc);
+	unsigned p = rs->set.raid_devs;
+
+	while (p--) {
+		if (ChunkError(CHUNK(stripe, p)))
+			rs_check_degrade_dev(rs, stripe, p);
+	}
+}
+
+/* Lookup a RAID device by name or by major:minor number. */
+static int raid_dev_lookup(struct raid_set *rs, struct raid_dev *dev_lookup)
+{
+	unsigned p;
+	struct raid_dev *dev;
+
+	/*
+	 * Must be an incremental loop, because the device array
+	 * can have empty slots still on calls from raid_ctr()
+	 */
+	for (dev = rs->dev, p = 0;
+	     dev->dev && p < rs->set.raid_devs;
+	     dev++, p++) {
+		if (dev_lookup->dev->bdev->bd_dev == dev->dev->bdev->bd_dev)
+			return p;
+	}
+
+	return -ENODEV;
+}
+/*
+ * End small helper functions.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Stripe hash functions
+ */
+/* Initialize/destroy stripe hash. */
+static int hash_init(struct stripe_hash *hash, unsigned stripes)
+{
+	unsigned buckets = 2, max_buckets = stripes >> 1;
+	static unsigned hash_primes[] = {
+		/* Table of primes for hash_fn/table size optimization. */
+		1, 2, 3, 7, 13, 27, 53, 97, 193, 389, 769,
+		1543, 3079, 6151, 12289, 24593, 49157, 98317,
+	};
+
+	/* Calculate number of buckets (2^^n <= stripes / 2). */
+	while (buckets < max_buckets)
+		buckets <<= 1;
+
+	/* Allocate stripe hash buckets. */
+	hash->hash = vmalloc(buckets * sizeof(*hash->hash));
+	if (!hash->hash)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	hash->buckets = buckets;
+	hash->mask = buckets - 1;
+	hash->shift = ffs(buckets);
+	if (hash->shift > ARRAY_SIZE(hash_primes))
+		hash->shift = ARRAY_SIZE(hash_primes) - 1;
+
+	BUG_ON(hash->shift < 2);
+	hash->prime = hash_primes[hash->shift];
+
+	/* Initialize buckets. */
+	while (buckets--)
+		INIT_LIST_HEAD(hash->hash + buckets);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void hash_exit(struct stripe_hash *hash)
+{
+	if (hash->hash) {
+		vfree(hash->hash);
+		hash->hash = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+static unsigned hash_fn(struct stripe_hash *hash, sector_t key)
+{
+	return (unsigned) (((key * hash->prime) >> hash->shift) & hash->mask);
+}
+
+static struct list_head *hash_bucket(struct stripe_hash *hash, sector_t key)
+{
+	return hash->hash + hash_fn(hash, key);
+}
+
+/* Insert an entry into a hash. */
+static void stripe_insert(struct stripe_hash *hash, struct stripe *stripe)
+{
+	list_add(stripe->lists + LIST_HASH, hash_bucket(hash, stripe->key));
+}
+
+/* Lookup an entry in the stripe hash. */
+static struct stripe *stripe_lookup(struct stripe_cache *sc, sector_t key)
+{
+	unsigned look = 0;
+	struct stripe *stripe;
+	struct list_head *bucket = hash_bucket(&sc->hash, key);
+
+	list_for_each_entry(stripe, bucket, lists[LIST_HASH]) {
+		look++;
+
+		if (stripe->key == key) {
+			/* REMOVEME: statisics. */
+			if (look > atomic_read(RS(sc)->stats + S_MAX_LOOKUP))
+				atomic_set(RS(sc)->stats + S_MAX_LOOKUP, look);
+			return stripe;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Resize the stripe cache hash on size changes. */
+static int sc_hash_resize(struct stripe_cache *sc)
+{
+	/* Resize indicated ? */
+	if (atomic_read(&sc->stripes) != atomic_read(&sc->stripes_last)) {
+		int r;
+		struct stripe_hash hash;
+
+		r = hash_init(&hash, atomic_read(&sc->stripes));
+		if (r)
+			return r;
+
+		if (sc->hash.hash) {
+			unsigned b = sc->hash.buckets;
+			struct list_head *pos, *tmp;
+
+			/* Walk old buckets and insert into new. */
+			while (b--) {
+				list_for_each_safe(pos, tmp, sc->hash.hash + b)
+				    stripe_insert(&hash,
+						  list_entry(pos, struct stripe,
+							     lists[LIST_HASH]));
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		hash_exit(&sc->hash);
+		memcpy(&sc->hash, &hash, sizeof(sc->hash));
+		atomic_set(&sc->stripes_last, atomic_read(&sc->stripes));
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+/* End hash stripe hash function. */
+
+/* List add, delete, push and pop functions. */
+/* Add stripe to flush list. */
+#define	DEL_LIST(lh) \
+	if (!list_empty(lh)) \
+		list_del_init(lh);
+
+/* Delete stripe from hash. */
+static void stripe_hash_del(struct stripe *stripe)
+{
+	DEL_LIST(stripe->lists + LIST_HASH);
+}
+
+/* Return stripe reference count. */
+static inline int stripe_ref(struct stripe *stripe)
+{
+	return atomic_read(&stripe->cnt);
+}
+
+static void stripe_flush_add(struct stripe *stripe)
+{
+	struct stripe_cache *sc = stripe->sc;
+	struct list_head *lh = stripe->lists + LIST_FLUSH;
+
+	if (!StripeReconstruct(stripe) && list_empty(lh))
+		list_add_tail(lh, sc->lists + LIST_FLUSH);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Add stripe to LRU (inactive) list.
+ *
+ * Need lock, because of concurrent access from message interface.
+ */
+static void stripe_lru_add(struct stripe *stripe)
+{
+	if (!StripeRecover(stripe)) {
+		unsigned long flags;
+		struct list_head *lh = stripe->lists + LIST_LRU;
+		spinlock_t *lock = stripe->sc->locks + LOCK_LRU;
+
+		spin_lock_irqsave(lock, flags);
+		if (list_empty(lh))
+			list_add_tail(lh, stripe->sc->lists + LIST_LRU);
+		spin_unlock_irqrestore(lock, flags);
+	}
+}
+
+#define POP_LIST(list) \
+	do { \
+		if (list_empty(sc->lists + (list))) \
+			stripe = NULL; \
+		else { \
+			stripe = list_first_entry(sc->lists + (list), \
+						  struct stripe, \
+						  lists[(list)]); \
+			list_del_init(stripe->lists + (list)); \
+		} \
+	} while (0);
+
+/* Pop an available stripe off the LRU list. */
+static struct stripe *stripe_lru_pop(struct stripe_cache *sc)
+{
+	struct stripe *stripe;
+	spinlock_t *lock = sc->locks + LOCK_LRU;
+
+	spin_lock_irq(lock);
+	POP_LIST(LIST_LRU);
+	spin_unlock_irq(lock);
+
+	return stripe;
+}
+
+/* Pop an available stripe off the io list. */
+static struct stripe *stripe_io_pop(struct stripe_cache *sc)
+{
+	struct stripe *stripe;
+
+	POP_LIST(LIST_FLUSH);
+	return stripe;
+}
+
+/* Push a stripe safely onto the endio list to be handled by do_endios(). */
+static void stripe_endio_push(struct stripe *stripe)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+	struct stripe_cache *sc = stripe->sc;
+	struct list_head *stripe_list = stripe->lists + LIST_ENDIO,
+			 *sc_list = sc->lists + LIST_ENDIO;
+	spinlock_t *lock = sc->locks + LOCK_ENDIO;
+
+	/* This runs in parallel with do_endios(). */
+	spin_lock_irqsave(lock, flags);
+	if (list_empty(stripe_list))
+		list_add_tail(stripe_list, sc_list);
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(lock, flags);
+
+	wake_do_raid(RS(sc)); /* Wake myself. */
+}
+
+/* Pop a stripe off safely off the endio list. */
+static struct stripe *stripe_endio_pop(struct stripe_cache *sc)
+{
+	struct stripe *stripe;
+	spinlock_t *lock = sc->locks + LOCK_ENDIO;
+
+	/* This runs in parallel with endio(). */
+	spin_lock_irq(lock);
+	POP_LIST(LIST_ENDIO)
+	spin_unlock_irq(lock);
+	return stripe;
+}
+#undef POP_LIST
+
+/*
+ * Stripe cache locking functions
+ */
+/* Dummy lock function for single host RAID4+5. */
+static void *no_lock(sector_t key, enum dm_lock_type type)
+{
+	return &no_lock;
+}
+
+/* Dummy unlock function for single host RAID4+5. */
+static void no_unlock(void *lock_handle)
+{
+}
+
+/* No locking (for single host RAID 4+5). */
+static struct dm_raid45_locking_type locking_none = {
+	.lock = no_lock,
+	.unlock = no_unlock,
+};
+
+/* Lock a stripe (for clustering). */
+static int
+stripe_lock(struct stripe *stripe, int rw, sector_t key)
+{
+	stripe->lock = RS(stripe->sc)->locking->lock(key, rw == READ ? DM_RAID45_SHARED : DM_RAID45_EX);
+	return stripe->lock ? 0 : -EPERM;
+}
+
+/* Unlock a stripe (for clustering). */
+static void stripe_unlock(struct stripe *stripe)
+{
+	RS(stripe->sc)->locking->unlock(stripe->lock);
+	stripe->lock = NULL;
+}
+
+/* Test io pending on stripe. */
+static int stripe_io_ref(struct stripe *stripe)
+{
+	return atomic_read(&stripe->io.pending);
+}
+
+static void stripe_io_get(struct stripe *stripe)
+{
+	if (atomic_inc_return(&stripe->io.pending) == 1)
+		/* REMOVEME: statistics */
+		atomic_inc(&stripe->sc->active_stripes);
+	else
+		BUG_ON(stripe_io_ref(stripe) < 0);
+}
+
+static void stripe_io_put(struct stripe *stripe)
+{
+	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&stripe->io.pending)) {
+		if (unlikely(StripeRecover(stripe)))
+			/* Don't put recovery stripe on endio list. */
+			wake_do_raid(RS(stripe->sc));
+		else
+			/* Add regular stripe to endio list and wake daemon. */
+			stripe_endio_push(stripe);
+
+		/* REMOVEME: statistics */
+		atomic_dec(&stripe->sc->active_stripes);
+	} else
+		BUG_ON(stripe_io_ref(stripe) < 0);
+}
+
+/* Take stripe reference out. */
+static int stripe_get(struct stripe *stripe)
+{
+	int r;
+	struct list_head *lh = stripe->lists + LIST_LRU;
+	spinlock_t *lock = stripe->sc->locks + LOCK_LRU;
+
+	/* Delete stripe from LRU (inactive) list if on. */
+	spin_lock_irq(lock);
+	DEL_LIST(lh);
+	spin_unlock_irq(lock);
+
+	BUG_ON(stripe_ref(stripe) < 0);
+
+	/* Lock stripe on first reference */
+	r = (atomic_inc_return(&stripe->cnt) == 1) ?
+	    stripe_lock(stripe, WRITE, stripe->key) : 0;
+
+	return r;
+}
+#undef DEL_LIST
+
+/* Return references on a chunk. */
+static int chunk_ref(struct stripe_chunk *chunk)
+{
+	return atomic_read(&chunk->cnt);
+}
+
+/* Take out reference on a chunk. */
+static int chunk_get(struct stripe_chunk *chunk)
+{
+	return atomic_inc_return(&chunk->cnt);
+}
+
+/* Drop reference on a chunk. */
+static void chunk_put(struct stripe_chunk *chunk)
+{
+	BUG_ON(atomic_dec_return(&chunk->cnt) < 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Drop reference on a stripe.
+ *
+ * Move it to list of LRU stripes if zero.
+ */
+static void stripe_put(struct stripe *stripe)
+{
+	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&stripe->cnt)) {
+		BUG_ON(stripe_io_ref(stripe));
+		stripe_unlock(stripe);
+	} else
+		BUG_ON(stripe_ref(stripe) < 0);
+}
+
+/* Helper needed by for_each_io_dev(). */
+static void stripe_get_references(struct stripe *stripe, unsigned p)
+{
+
+	/*
+	 * Another one to reference the stripe in
+	 * order to protect vs. LRU list moves.
+	 */
+	io_get(RS(stripe->sc));	/* Global io references. */
+	stripe_get(stripe);
+	stripe_io_get(stripe);	/* One for each chunk io. */
+}
+
+/* Helper for endio() to put all take references. */
+static void stripe_put_references(struct stripe *stripe)
+{
+	stripe_io_put(stripe);	/* One for each chunk io. */
+	stripe_put(stripe);
+	io_put(RS(stripe->sc));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Stripe cache functions.
+ */
+/*
+ * Invalidate all chunks (i.e. their pages)  of a stripe.
+ *
+ * I only keep state for the whole chunk.
+ */
+static inline void stripe_chunk_invalidate(struct stripe_chunk *chunk)
+{
+	chunk->io.flags = 0;
+}
+
+static void
+stripe_chunks_invalidate(struct stripe *stripe)
+{
+	unsigned p = RS(stripe->sc)->set.raid_devs;
+
+	while (p--)
+		stripe_chunk_invalidate(CHUNK(stripe, p));
+}
+
+/* Prepare stripe for (re)use. */
+static void stripe_invalidate(struct stripe *stripe)
+{
+	stripe->io.flags = 0;
+	stripe->idx.parity = stripe->idx.recover = -1;
+	stripe_chunks_invalidate(stripe);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Allow io on all chunks of a stripe.
+ * If not set, IO will not occur; i.e. it's prohibited.
+ *
+ * Actual IO submission for allowed chunks depends
+ * on their !uptodate or dirty state.
+ */
+static void stripe_allow_io(struct stripe *stripe)
+{
+	unsigned p = RS(stripe->sc)->set.raid_devs;
+
+	while (p--)
+		SetChunkIo(CHUNK(stripe, p));
+}
+
+/* Initialize a stripe. */
+static void stripe_init(struct stripe_cache *sc, struct stripe *stripe)
+{
+	unsigned i, p = RS(sc)->set.raid_devs;
+
+	/* Work all io chunks. */
+	while (p--) {
+		struct stripe_chunk *chunk = CHUNK(stripe, p);
+
+		atomic_set(&chunk->cnt, 0);
+		chunk->stripe = stripe;
+		i = ARRAY_SIZE(chunk->bl);
+		while (i--)
+			bio_list_init(chunk->bl + i);
+	}
+
+	stripe->sc = sc;
+
+
+	i = ARRAY_SIZE(stripe->lists);
+	while (i--)
+		INIT_LIST_HEAD(stripe->lists + i);
+
+	stripe->io.size = RS(sc)->set.io_size;
+	atomic_set(&stripe->cnt, 0);
+	atomic_set(&stripe->io.pending, 0);
+	stripe_invalidate(stripe);
+}
+
+/* Number of pages per chunk. */
+static inline unsigned chunk_pages(unsigned sectors)
+{
+	return dm_div_up(sectors, SECTORS_PER_PAGE);
+}
+
+/* Number of pages per stripe. */
+static inline unsigned stripe_pages(struct raid_set *rs, unsigned io_size)
+{
+	return chunk_pages(io_size) * rs->set.raid_devs;
+}
+
+/* Initialize part of page_list (recovery). */
+static void stripe_zero_pl_part(struct stripe *stripe, int p,
+				unsigned start, unsigned count)
+{
+	unsigned o = start / SECTORS_PER_PAGE, pages = chunk_pages(count);
+	/* Get offset into the page_list. */
+	struct page_list *pl = pl_elem(PL(stripe, p), o);
+
+	BUG_ON(!pl);
+	while (pl && pages--) {
+		BUG_ON(!pl->page);
+		memset(page_address(pl->page), 0, PAGE_SIZE);
+		pl = pl->next;
+	}
+}
+
+/* Initialize parity chunk of stripe. */
+static void stripe_zero_chunk(struct stripe *stripe, int p)
+{
+	if (p > -1)
+		stripe_zero_pl_part(stripe, p, 0, stripe->io.size);
+}
+
+/* Return dynamic stripe structure size. */
+static size_t stripe_size(struct raid_set *rs)
+{
+	return sizeof(struct stripe) +
+		      rs->set.raid_devs * sizeof(struct stripe_chunk);
+}
+
+/* Allocate a stripe and its memory object. */
+/* XXX adjust to cope with stripe cache and recovery stripe caches. */
+enum grow { SC_GROW, SC_KEEP };
+static struct stripe *stripe_alloc(struct stripe_cache *sc,
+				   struct dm_mem_cache_client *mc,
+				   enum grow grow)
+{
+	int r;
+	struct stripe *stripe;
+
+	stripe = kmem_cache_zalloc(sc->kc.cache, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (stripe) {
+		/* Grow the dm-mem-cache by one object. */
+		if (grow == SC_GROW) {
+			r = dm_mem_cache_grow(mc, 1);
+			if (r)
+				goto err_free;
+		}
+
+		stripe->obj = dm_mem_cache_alloc(mc);
+		if (!stripe->obj)
+			goto err_shrink;
+
+		stripe_init(sc, stripe);
+	}
+
+	return stripe;
+
+err_shrink:
+	if (grow == SC_GROW)
+		dm_mem_cache_shrink(mc, 1);
+err_free:
+	kmem_cache_free(sc->kc.cache, stripe);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Free a stripes memory object, shrink the
+ * memory cache and free the stripe itself.
+ */
+static void stripe_free(struct stripe *stripe, struct dm_mem_cache_client *mc)
+{
+	dm_mem_cache_free(mc, stripe->obj);
+	dm_mem_cache_shrink(mc, 1);
+	kmem_cache_free(stripe->sc->kc.cache, stripe);
+}
+
+/* Free the recovery stripe. */
+static void stripe_recover_free(struct raid_set *rs)
+{
+	struct recover *rec = &rs->recover;
+	struct dm_mem_cache_client *mc;
+
+	mc = rec->mem_cache_client;
+	rec->mem_cache_client = NULL;
+	if (mc) {
+		struct stripe *stripe;
+
+		while (!list_empty(&rec->stripes)) {
+			stripe = list_first_entry(&rec->stripes, struct stripe,
+						  lists[LIST_RECOVER]);
+			list_del(stripe->lists + LIST_RECOVER);
+			kfree(stripe->recover);
+			stripe_free(stripe, mc);
+		}
+	
+		dm_mem_cache_client_destroy(mc);
+		dm_io_client_destroy(rec->dm_io_client);
+		rec->dm_io_client = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+/* Grow stripe cache. */
+static int sc_grow(struct stripe_cache *sc, unsigned stripes, enum grow grow)
+{
+	int r = 0;
+
+	/* Try to allocate this many (additional) stripes. */
+	while (stripes--) {
+		struct stripe *stripe =
+			stripe_alloc(sc, sc->mem_cache_client, grow);
+
+		if (likely(stripe)) {
+			stripe_lru_add(stripe);
+			atomic_inc(&sc->stripes);
+		} else {
+			r = -ENOMEM;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return r ? r : sc_hash_resize(sc);
+}
+
+/* Shrink stripe cache. */
+static int sc_shrink(struct stripe_cache *sc, unsigned stripes)
+{
+	int r = 0;
+
+	/* Try to get unused stripe from LRU list. */
+	while (stripes--) {
+		struct stripe *stripe;
+
+		stripe = stripe_lru_pop(sc);
+		if (stripe) {
+			/* An LRU stripe may never have ios pending! */
+			BUG_ON(stripe_io_ref(stripe));
+			BUG_ON(stripe_ref(stripe));
+			atomic_dec(&sc->stripes);
+			/* Remove from hash if on before deletion. */
+			stripe_hash_del(stripe);
+			stripe_free(stripe, sc->mem_cache_client);
+		} else {
+			r = -ENOENT;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Check if stats are still sane. */
+	if (atomic_read(&sc->active_stripes_max) >
+	    atomic_read(&sc->stripes))
+		atomic_set(&sc->active_stripes_max, 0);
+
+	if (r)
+		return r;
+
+	return atomic_read(&sc->stripes) ? sc_hash_resize(sc) : 0;
+}
+
+/* Create stripe cache and recovery. */
+static int sc_init(struct raid_set *rs, unsigned stripes)
+{
+	unsigned i, r, rstripes;
+	struct stripe_cache *sc = &rs->sc;
+	struct stripe *stripe;
+	struct recover *rec = &rs->recover;
+	struct mapped_device *md;
+	struct gendisk *disk;
+
+	/* Initialize lists and locks. */
+	i = ARRAY_SIZE(sc->lists);
+	while (i--)
+		INIT_LIST_HEAD(sc->lists + i);
+
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rec->stripes);
+
+	/* Initialize endio and LRU list locks. */
+	i = NR_LOCKS;
+	while (i--)
+		spin_lock_init(sc->locks + i);
+
+	/* Initialize atomic variables. */
+	atomic_set(&sc->stripes, 0);
+	atomic_set(&sc->stripes_to_set, 0);
+	atomic_set(&sc->active_stripes, 0);
+	atomic_set(&sc->active_stripes_max, 0);	/* REMOVEME: statistics. */
+
+	/*
+	 * We need a runtime unique # to suffix the kmem cache name
+	 * because we'll have one for each active RAID set.
+	 */
+	md = dm_table_get_md(rs->ti->table);
+	disk = dm_disk(md);
+	sprintf(sc->kc.name, "%s-%d", TARGET, disk->first_minor);
+	dm_put(md);
+	sc->kc.cache = kmem_cache_create(sc->kc.name, stripe_size(rs),
+					 0, 0, NULL);
+	if (!sc->kc.cache)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	/* Create memory cache client context for RAID stripe cache. */
+	sc->mem_cache_client =
+		dm_mem_cache_client_create(stripes, rs->set.raid_devs,
+					   chunk_pages(rs->set.io_size));
+	if (IS_ERR(sc->mem_cache_client))
+		return PTR_ERR(sc->mem_cache_client);
+
+	/* Create memory cache client context for RAID recovery stripe(s). */
+	rstripes = rec->recovery_stripes;
+	rec->mem_cache_client =
+		dm_mem_cache_client_create(rstripes, rs->set.raid_devs,
+					   chunk_pages(rec->io_size));
+	if (IS_ERR(rec->mem_cache_client))
+		return PTR_ERR(rec->mem_cache_client);
+
+	/* Create dm-io client context for IO stripes. */
+	sc->dm_io_client =
+		dm_io_client_create();
+	if (IS_ERR(sc->dm_io_client))
+		return PTR_ERR(sc->dm_io_client);
+
+	/* FIXME: intermingeled with stripe cache initialization. */
+	/* Create dm-io client context for recovery stripes. */
+	rec->dm_io_client =
+		dm_io_client_create();
+	if (IS_ERR(rec->dm_io_client))
+		return PTR_ERR(rec->dm_io_client);
+
+	/* Allocate stripes for set recovery. */
+	while (rstripes--) {
+		stripe = stripe_alloc(sc, rec->mem_cache_client, SC_KEEP);
+		if (!stripe)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+
+		stripe->recover = kzalloc(sizeof(*stripe->recover), GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (!stripe->recover) {
+			stripe_free(stripe, rec->mem_cache_client);
+			return -ENOMEM;
+		}
+
+		SetStripeRecover(stripe);
+		stripe->io.size = rec->io_size;
+		list_add_tail(stripe->lists + LIST_RECOVER, &rec->stripes);
+		/* Don't add recovery stripes to LRU list! */
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Allocate the stripe objetcs from the
+	 * cache and add them to the LRU list.
+	 */
+	r = sc_grow(sc, stripes, SC_KEEP);
+	if (!r)
+		atomic_set(&sc->stripes_last, stripes);
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+/* Destroy the stripe cache. */
+static void sc_exit(struct stripe_cache *sc)
+{
+	struct raid_set *rs = RS(sc);
+
+	if (sc->kc.cache) {
+		stripe_recover_free(rs);
+		BUG_ON(sc_shrink(sc, atomic_read(&sc->stripes)));
+		kmem_cache_destroy(sc->kc.cache);
+		sc->kc.cache = NULL;
+
+		if (sc->mem_cache_client && !IS_ERR(sc->mem_cache_client))
+			dm_mem_cache_client_destroy(sc->mem_cache_client);
+
+		if (sc->dm_io_client && !IS_ERR(sc->dm_io_client))
+			dm_io_client_destroy(sc->dm_io_client);
+
+		hash_exit(&sc->hash);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Calculate RAID address
+ *
+ * Delivers tuple with the index of the data disk holding the chunk
+ * in the set, the parity disks index and the start of the stripe
+ * within the address space of the set (used as the stripe cache hash key).
+ */
+/* thx MD. */
+static struct raid_address *raid_address(struct raid_set *rs, sector_t sector,
+					 struct raid_address *addr)
+{
+	sector_t stripe, tmp;
+
+	/*
+	 * chunk_number = sector / chunk_size
+	 * stripe_number = chunk_number / data_devs
+	 * di = stripe % data_devs;
+	 */
+	stripe = sector >> rs->set.chunk_shift;
+	addr->di = sector_div(stripe, rs->set.data_devs);
+
+	switch (rs->set.raid_type->level) {
+	case raid4:
+		addr->pi = rs->set.pi;
+		goto check_shift_di;
+	case raid5:
+		tmp = stripe;
+		addr->pi = sector_div(tmp, rs->set.raid_devs);
+
+		switch (rs->set.raid_type->algorithm) {
+		case left_asym:		/* Left asymmetric. */
+			addr->pi = rs->set.data_devs - addr->pi;
+		case right_asym:	/* Right asymmetric. */
+check_shift_di:
+			if (addr->di >= addr->pi)
+				addr->di++;
+			break;
+		case left_sym:		/* Left symmetric. */
+			addr->pi = rs->set.data_devs - addr->pi;
+		case right_sym:		/* Right symmetric. */
+			addr->di = (addr->pi + addr->di + 1) %
+				   rs->set.raid_devs;
+			break;
+		case none: /* Ain't happen: RAID4 algorithm placeholder. */
+			BUG();
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Start offset of the stripes chunk on any single device of the RAID
+	 * set, adjusted in case io size differs from chunk size.
+	 */
+	addr->key = (stripe << rs->set.chunk_shift) +
+		    (sector & rs->set.io_inv_mask);
+	return addr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Copy data across between stripe pages and bio vectors.
+ *
+ * Pay attention to data alignment in stripe and bio pages.
+ */
+static void bio_copy_page_list(int rw, struct stripe *stripe,
+			       struct page_list *pl, struct bio *bio)
+{
+	unsigned i, page_offset;
+	void *page_addr;
+	struct raid_set *rs = RS(stripe->sc);
+	struct bio_vec *bv;
+
+	/* Get start page in page list for this sector. */
+	i = (bio->bi_sector & rs->set.io_mask) / SECTORS_PER_PAGE;
+	pl = pl_elem(pl, i);
+	BUG_ON(!pl);
+	BUG_ON(!pl->page);
+
+	page_addr = page_address(pl->page);
+	page_offset = to_bytes(bio->bi_sector & (SECTORS_PER_PAGE - 1));
+
+	/* Walk all segments and copy data across between bio_vecs and pages. */
+	bio_for_each_segment(bv, bio, i) {
+		int len = bv->bv_len, size;
+		unsigned bio_offset = 0;
+		void *bio_addr = __bio_kmap_atomic(bio, i, KM_USER0);
+redo:
+		size = (page_offset + len > PAGE_SIZE) ?
+		       PAGE_SIZE - page_offset : len;
+
+		if (rw == READ)
+			memcpy(bio_addr + bio_offset,
+			       page_addr + page_offset, size);
+		else
+			memcpy(page_addr + page_offset,
+			       bio_addr + bio_offset, size);
+
+		page_offset += size;
+		if (page_offset == PAGE_SIZE) {
+			/*
+			 * We reached the end of the chunk page ->
+			 * need to refer to the next one to copy more data.
+			 */
+			len -= size;
+			if (len) {
+				/* Get next page. */
+				pl = pl->next;
+				BUG_ON(!pl);
+				BUG_ON(!pl->page);
+				page_addr = page_address(pl->page);
+				page_offset = 0;
+				bio_offset += size;
+				/* REMOVEME: statistics. */
+				atomic_inc(rs->stats + S_BIO_COPY_PL_NEXT);
+				goto redo;
+			}
+		}
+
+		__bio_kunmap_atomic(bio_addr, KM_USER0);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Xor optimization macros.
+ */
+/* Xor data pointer declaration and initialization macros. */
+#define DECLARE_2	unsigned long *d0 = data[0], *d1 = data[1]
+#define DECLARE_3	DECLARE_2, *d2 = data[2]
+#define DECLARE_4	DECLARE_3, *d3 = data[3]
+#define DECLARE_5	DECLARE_4, *d4 = data[4]
+#define DECLARE_6	DECLARE_5, *d5 = data[5]
+#define DECLARE_7	DECLARE_6, *d6 = data[6]
+#define DECLARE_8	DECLARE_7, *d7 = data[7]
+
+/* Xor unrole macros. */
+#define D2(n)	d0[n] = d0[n] ^ d1[n]
+#define D3(n)	D2(n) ^ d2[n]
+#define D4(n)	D3(n) ^ d3[n]
+#define D5(n)	D4(n) ^ d4[n]
+#define D6(n)	D5(n) ^ d5[n]
+#define D7(n)	D6(n) ^ d6[n]
+#define D8(n)	D7(n) ^ d7[n]
+
+#define	X_2(macro, offset)	macro(offset); macro(offset + 1);
+#define	X_4(macro, offset)	X_2(macro, offset); X_2(macro, offset + 2);
+#define	X_8(macro, offset)	X_4(macro, offset); X_4(macro, offset + 4);
+#define	X_16(macro, offset)	X_8(macro, offset); X_8(macro, offset + 8);
+#define	X_32(macro, offset)	X_16(macro, offset); X_16(macro, offset + 16);
+#define	X_64(macro, offset)	X_32(macro, offset); X_32(macro, offset + 32);
+
+/* Define a _xor_#chunks_#xors_per_run() function. */
+#define	_XOR(chunks, xors_per_run) \
+static void _xor ## chunks ## _ ## xors_per_run(unsigned long **data) \
+{ \
+	unsigned end = XOR_SIZE / sizeof(data[0]), i; \
+	DECLARE_ ## chunks; \
+\
+	for (i = 0; i < end; i += xors_per_run) { \
+		X_ ## xors_per_run(D ## chunks, i); \
+	} \
+}
+
+/* Define xor functions for 2 - 8 chunks and xors per run. */
+#define	MAKE_XOR_PER_RUN(xors_per_run) \
+	_XOR(2, xors_per_run); _XOR(3, xors_per_run); \
+	_XOR(4, xors_per_run); _XOR(5, xors_per_run); \
+	_XOR(6, xors_per_run); _XOR(7, xors_per_run); \
+	_XOR(8, xors_per_run);
+
+MAKE_XOR_PER_RUN(8)	/* Define _xor_*_8() functions. */
+MAKE_XOR_PER_RUN(16)	/* Define _xor_*_16() functions. */
+MAKE_XOR_PER_RUN(32)	/* Define _xor_*_32() functions. */
+MAKE_XOR_PER_RUN(64)	/* Define _xor_*_64() functions. */
+
+#define MAKE_XOR(xors_per_run) \
+struct { \
+	void (*f)(unsigned long **); \
+} static xor_funcs ## xors_per_run[] = { \
+	{ NULL }, /* NULL pointers to optimize indexing in xor(). */ \
+	{ NULL }, \
+	{ _xor2_ ## xors_per_run }, \
+	{ _xor3_ ## xors_per_run }, \
+	{ _xor4_ ## xors_per_run }, \
+	{ _xor5_ ## xors_per_run }, \
+	{ _xor6_ ## xors_per_run }, \
+	{ _xor7_ ## xors_per_run }, \
+	{ _xor8_ ## xors_per_run }, \
+}; \
+\
+static void xor_ ## xors_per_run(unsigned n, unsigned long **data) \
+{ \
+	/* Call respective function for amount of chunks. */ \
+	xor_funcs ## xors_per_run[n].f(data); \
+}
+
+/* Define xor_8() - xor_64 functions. */
+MAKE_XOR(8)
+MAKE_XOR(16)
+MAKE_XOR(32)
+MAKE_XOR(64)
+
+/* Maximum number of chunks, which can be xor'ed in one go. */
+#define	XOR_CHUNKS_MAX	(ARRAY_SIZE(xor_funcs8) - 1)
+
+static void xor_blocks_wrapper(unsigned n, unsigned long **data)
+{
+	BUG_ON(n < 2 || n > MAX_XOR_BLOCKS + 1);
+	xor_blocks(n - 1, XOR_SIZE, (void *) data[0], (void **) data + 1);
+}
+
+struct xor_func {
+	xor_function_t f;
+	const char *name;
+} static xor_funcs[] = {
+	{ xor_8,   "xor_8"  },
+	{ xor_16,  "xor_16" },
+	{ xor_32,  "xor_32" },
+	{ xor_64,  "xor_64" },
+	{ xor_blocks_wrapper, "xor_blocks" },
+};
+
+/*
+ * Check, if chunk has to be xored in/out:
+ *
+ * o if writes are queued
+ * o if writes are merged
+ * o if stripe is to be reconstructed
+ * o if recovery stripe
+ */
+static inline int chunk_must_xor(struct stripe_chunk *chunk)
+{
+	if (ChunkUptodate(chunk)) {
+		BUG_ON(!bio_list_empty(BL_CHUNK(chunk, WRITE_QUEUED)) &&
+		       !bio_list_empty(BL_CHUNK(chunk, WRITE_MERGED)));
+
+		if (!bio_list_empty(BL_CHUNK(chunk, WRITE_QUEUED)) ||
+		    !bio_list_empty(BL_CHUNK(chunk, WRITE_MERGED)))
+			return 1;
+
+		if (StripeReconstruct(chunk->stripe) ||
+		    StripeRecover(chunk->stripe))
+			return 1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Calculate crc.
+ *
+ * This indexes into the chunks of a stripe and their pages.
+ *
+ * All chunks will be xored into the indexed (@pi)
+ * chunk in maximum groups of xor.chunks.
+ *
+ */
+static void xor(struct stripe *stripe, unsigned pi, unsigned sector)
+{
+	struct raid_set *rs = RS(stripe->sc);
+	unsigned max_chunks = rs->xor.chunks, n = 1,
+		 o = sector / SECTORS_PER_PAGE, /* Offset into the page_list. */
+		 p = rs->set.raid_devs;
+	unsigned long **d = rs->data;
+	xor_function_t xor_f = rs->xor.f->f;
+
+	BUG_ON(sector > stripe->io.size);
+
+	/* Address of parity page to xor into. */
+	d[0] = page_address(pl_elem(PL(stripe, pi), o)->page);
+
+	while (p--) {
+		/* Preset pointers to data pages. */
+		if (p != pi && chunk_must_xor(CHUNK(stripe, p)))
+			d[n++] = page_address(pl_elem(PL(stripe, p), o)->page);
+
+		/* If max chunks -> xor. */
+		if (n == max_chunks) {
+			xor_f(n, d);
+			n = 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* If chunks -> xor. */
+	if (n > 1)
+		xor_f(n, d);
+}
+
+/* Common xor loop through all stripe page lists. */
+static void common_xor(struct stripe *stripe, sector_t count,
+		       unsigned off, unsigned pi)
+{
+	unsigned sector;
+
+	BUG_ON(!count);
+	for (sector = off; sector < count; sector += SECTORS_PER_PAGE)
+		xor(stripe, pi, sector);
+
+	/* Set parity page uptodate and clean. */
+	chunk_set(CHUNK(stripe, pi), CLEAN);
+	atomic_inc(RS(stripe->sc)->stats + S_XORS); /* REMOVEME: statistics. */
+}
+
+/*
+ * Calculate parity sectors on intact stripes.
+ *
+ * Need to calculate raid address for recover stripe, because its
+ * chunk sizes differs and is typically larger than io chunk size.
+ */
+static void parity_xor(struct stripe *stripe)
+{
+	struct raid_set *rs = RS(stripe->sc);
+	unsigned chunk_size = rs->set.chunk_size, io_size = stripe->io.size,
+		 xor_size = chunk_size > io_size ? io_size : chunk_size;
+	sector_t off;
+
+	/* This can be the recover stripe with a larger io size. */
+	for (off = 0; off < io_size; off += xor_size) {
+		/*
+		 * Recover stripe is likely bigger than regular io
+		 * ones and has no precalculated parity disk index ->
+		 * need to calculate RAID address.
+		 */
+		if (unlikely(StripeRecover(stripe))) {
+			struct raid_address addr;
+
+			raid_address(rs,
+				     (stripe->key + off) * rs->set.data_devs,
+				     &addr);
+			stripe->idx.parity = addr.pi;
+			stripe_zero_pl_part(stripe, addr.pi, off, xor_size);
+		}
+
+		common_xor(stripe, xor_size, off, stripe->idx.parity);
+		chunk_set(CHUNK(stripe, stripe->idx.parity), DIRTY);
+	}
+}
+
+/* Reconstruct missing chunk. */
+static void stripe_reconstruct(struct stripe *stripe)
+{
+	struct raid_set *rs = RS(stripe->sc);
+	int p = rs->set.raid_devs, pr = stripe->idx.recover;
+
+	BUG_ON(pr < 0);
+
+	/* Check if all but the chunk to be reconstructed are uptodate. */
+	while (p--)
+		BUG_ON(p != pr && !ChunkUptodate(CHUNK(stripe, p)));
+
+	/* REMOVEME: statistics. */
+	atomic_inc(rs->stats + (RSDegraded(rs) ? S_RECONSTRUCT_EI :
+						 S_RECONSTRUCT_DEV));
+	/* Zero chunk to be reconstructed. */
+	stripe_zero_chunk(stripe, pr);
+	common_xor(stripe, stripe->io.size, 0, pr);
+	stripe->idx.recover = -1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Recovery io throttling
+ */
+/* Conditionally reset io counters. */
+static int recover_io_reset(struct raid_set *rs)
+{
+	unsigned long j = jiffies;
+
+	/* Pay attention to jiffies overflows. */
+	if (j > rs->recover.last_jiffies + HZ / 20 ||
+	    j < rs->recover.last_jiffies) {
+		atomic_set(rs->recover.io_count + IO_WORK, 0);
+		atomic_set(rs->recover.io_count + IO_RECOVER, 0);
+		rs->recover.last_jiffies = j;
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* Count ios. */
+static void recover_io_count(struct stripe *stripe)
+{
+	struct raid_set *rs = RS(stripe->sc);
+
+	recover_io_reset(rs);
+	atomic_inc(rs->recover.io_count +
+		   (StripeRecover(stripe) ? IO_RECOVER : IO_WORK));
+}
+
+/* Try getting a stripe either from the hash or from the LRU list. */
+static struct stripe *stripe_find(struct raid_set *rs,
+				  struct raid_address *addr)
+{
+	int r;
+	struct stripe_cache *sc = &rs->sc;
+	struct stripe *stripe;
+
+	/* Try stripe from hash. */
+	stripe = stripe_lookup(sc, addr->key);
+	if (stripe) {
+		r = stripe_get(stripe);
+		if (r)
+			goto get_lock_failed;
+
+		atomic_inc(rs->stats + S_HITS_1ST); /* REMOVEME: statistics. */
+	} else {
+		/* Not in hash -> try to get an LRU stripe. */
+		stripe = stripe_lru_pop(sc);
+		if (stripe) {
+			/*
+			 * An LRU stripe may not be referenced
+			 * and may never have ios pending!
+			 */
+			BUG_ON(stripe_ref(stripe));
+			BUG_ON(stripe_io_ref(stripe));
+
+			/* Remove from hash if on before reuse. */
+			stripe_hash_del(stripe);
+
+			/* Invalidate before reinserting with changed key. */
+			stripe_invalidate(stripe);
+
+			stripe->key = addr->key;
+			stripe->region = dm_rh_sector_to_region(rs->recover.rh,
+								addr->key);
+			stripe->idx.parity = addr->pi;
+			r = stripe_get(stripe);
+			if (r)
+				goto get_lock_failed;
+
+			/* Insert stripe into the stripe hash. */
+			stripe_insert(&sc->hash, stripe);
+			/* REMOVEME: statistics. */
+			atomic_inc(rs->stats + S_INSCACHE);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return stripe;
+
+get_lock_failed:
+	stripe_put(stripe);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Process end io
+ *
+ * I need to do it here because I can't in interrupt
+ */
+/* End io all bios on a bio list. */
+static void bio_list_endio(struct stripe *stripe, struct bio_list *bl,
+			   int p, int error)
+{
+	struct raid_set *rs = RS(stripe->sc);
+	struct bio *bio;
+	struct page_list *pl = PL(stripe, p);
+	struct stripe_chunk *chunk = CHUNK(stripe, p);
+
+	/* Update region counters. */
+	while ((bio = bio_list_pop(bl))) {
+		if (bio_data_dir(bio) == WRITE)
+			/* Drop io pending count for any writes. */
+			dm_rh_dec(rs->recover.rh, stripe->region);
+		else if (!error)
+			/* Copy data accross. */
+			bio_copy_page_list(READ, stripe, pl, bio);
+
+		bio_endio(bio, error);
+
+		/* REMOVEME: statistics. */
+		atomic_inc(rs->stats + (bio_data_dir(bio) == READ ?
+			   S_BIOS_ENDIO_READ : S_BIOS_ENDIO_WRITE));
+
+		chunk_put(chunk);
+		stripe_put(stripe);
+		io_put(rs);	/* Wake any suspend waiters on last bio. */
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * End io all reads/writes on a stripe copying
+ * read data accross from stripe to bios and
+ * decrementing region counters for writes.
+ *
+ * Processing of ios depeding on state:
+ * o no chunk error -> endio ok
+ * o degraded:
+ *   - chunk error and read -> ignore to be requeued
+ *   - chunk error and write -> endio ok
+ * o dead (more than parity_devs failed) and chunk_error-> endio failed
+ */
+static void stripe_endio(int rw, struct stripe *stripe)
+{
+	struct raid_set *rs = RS(stripe->sc);
+	unsigned p = rs->set.raid_devs;
+	int write = (rw != READ);
+
+	while (p--) {
+		struct stripe_chunk *chunk = CHUNK(stripe, p);
+		struct bio_list *bl;
+
+		BUG_ON(ChunkLocked(chunk));
+
+		bl = BL_CHUNK(chunk, rw);
+		if (bio_list_empty(bl))
+			continue;
+
+		if (unlikely(ChunkError(chunk) || !ChunkUptodate(chunk))) {
+			/* RAID set dead. */
+			if (unlikely(RSDead(rs)))
+				bio_list_endio(stripe, bl, p, -EIO);
+			/* RAID set degraded. */
+			else if (write)
+				bio_list_endio(stripe, bl, p, 0);
+		} else {
+			BUG_ON(!RSDegraded(rs) && ChunkDirty(chunk));
+			bio_list_endio(stripe, bl, p, 0);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/* Fail all ios hanging off all bio lists of a stripe. */
+static void stripe_fail_io(struct stripe *stripe)
+{
+	struct raid_set *rs = RS(stripe->sc);
+	unsigned p = rs->set.raid_devs;
+
+	while (p--) {
+		struct stripe_chunk *chunk = CHUNK(stripe, p);
+		int i = ARRAY_SIZE(chunk->bl);
+
+		/* Fail all bios on all bio lists of the stripe. */
+		while (i--) {
+			struct bio_list *bl = chunk->bl + i;
+
+			if (!bio_list_empty(bl))
+				bio_list_endio(stripe, bl, p, -EIO);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Put stripe on LRU list. */
+	BUG_ON(stripe_io_ref(stripe));
+	BUG_ON(stripe_ref(stripe));
+}
+
+/* Unlock all required chunks. */
+static void stripe_chunks_unlock(struct stripe *stripe)
+{
+	unsigned p = RS(stripe->sc)->set.raid_devs;
+	struct stripe_chunk *chunk;
+
+	while (p--) {
+		chunk = CHUNK(stripe, p);
+
+		if (TestClearChunkUnlock(chunk))
+			ClearChunkLocked(chunk);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Queue reads and writes to a stripe by hanging
+ * their bios off the stripesets read/write lists.
+ */
+static int stripe_queue_bio(struct raid_set *rs, struct bio *bio,
+			    struct bio_list *reject)
+{
+	struct raid_address addr;
+	struct stripe *stripe;
+
+	stripe = stripe_find(rs, raid_address(rs, bio->bi_sector, &addr));
+	if (stripe) {
+		int r = 0, rw = bio_data_dir(bio);
+
+		/* Distinguish reads and writes. */
+		bio_list_add(BL(stripe, addr.di, rw), bio);
+	
+		if (rw == READ)
+			/* REMOVEME: statistics. */
+			atomic_inc(rs->stats + S_BIOS_ADDED_READ);
+		else {
+			/* Inrement pending write count on region. */
+			dm_rh_inc(rs->recover.rh, stripe->region);
+			r = 1;
+
+			/* REMOVEME: statistics. */
+			atomic_inc(rs->stats + S_BIOS_ADDED_WRITE);
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Put on io (flush) list in case of
+		 * initial bio queued to chunk.
+		 */
+		if (chunk_get(CHUNK(stripe, addr.di)) == 1)
+			stripe_flush_add(stripe);
+
+		return r;
+	}
+
+	/* Got no stripe from cache or failed to lock it -> reject bio. */
+	bio_list_add(reject, bio);
+	atomic_inc(rs->stats + S_IOS_POST); /* REMOVEME: statistics. */
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Handle all stripes by handing them to the daemon, because we can't
+ * map their chunk pages to copy the data in interrupt context.
+ *
+ * We don't want to handle them here either, while interrupts are disabled.
+ */
+
+/* Read/write endio function for dm-io (interrupt context). */
+static void endio(unsigned long error, void *context)
+{
+	struct stripe_chunk *chunk = context;
+
+	if (unlikely(error)) {
+		chunk_set(chunk, ERROR);
+		/* REMOVEME: statistics. */
+		atomic_inc(RS(chunk->stripe->sc)->stats + S_STRIPE_ERROR);
+	} else
+		chunk_set(chunk, CLEAN);
+
+	/*
+	 * For recovery stripes, I need to reset locked locked
+	 * here, because those aren't processed in do_endios().
+	 */
+	if (unlikely(StripeRecover(chunk->stripe)))
+		ClearChunkLocked(chunk);
+	else
+		SetChunkUnlock(chunk);
+
+	/* Indirectly puts stripe on cache's endio list via stripe_io_put(). */
+	stripe_put_references(chunk->stripe);
+}
+
+/* Read/Write a chunk asynchronously. */
+static void stripe_chunk_rw(struct stripe *stripe, unsigned p)
+{
+	struct stripe_cache *sc = stripe->sc;
+	struct raid_set *rs = RS(sc);
+	struct dm_mem_cache_object *obj = stripe->obj + p;
+	struct page_list *pl = obj->pl;
+	struct stripe_chunk *chunk = CHUNK(stripe, p);
+	struct raid_dev *dev = rs->dev + p;
+	struct dm_io_region io = {
+		.bdev = dev->dev->bdev,
+		.sector = stripe->key,
+		.count = stripe->io.size,
+	};
+	struct dm_io_request control = {
+		.bi_rw = ChunkDirty(chunk) ? WRITE : READ,
+		.mem = {
+			.type = DM_IO_PAGE_LIST,
+			.ptr.pl = pl,
+			.offset = 0,
+		},
+		.notify = {
+			.fn = endio,
+			.context = chunk,
+		},
+		.client = StripeRecover(stripe) ? rs->recover.dm_io_client :
+						  sc->dm_io_client,
+	};
+
+	BUG_ON(ChunkLocked(chunk));
+	BUG_ON(!ChunkUptodate(chunk) && ChunkDirty(chunk));
+	BUG_ON(ChunkUptodate(chunk) && !ChunkDirty(chunk));
+
+	/*
+	 * Don't rw past end of device, which can happen, because
+	 * typically sectors_per_dev isn't divisible by io_size.
+	 */
+	if (unlikely(io.sector + io.count > rs->set.sectors_per_dev))
+		io.count = rs->set.sectors_per_dev - io.sector;
+
+	BUG_ON(!io.count);
+	io.sector += dev->start;	/* Add <offset>. */
+	if (RSRecover(rs))
+		recover_io_count(stripe);	/* Recovery io accounting. */
+
+	/* REMOVEME: statistics. */
+	atomic_inc(rs->stats + (ChunkDirty(chunk) ? S_DM_IO_WRITE :
+						    S_DM_IO_READ));
+	SetChunkLocked(chunk);
+	SetDevIoQueued(dev);
+	BUG_ON(dm_io(&control, 1, &io, NULL));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write dirty or read not uptodate page lists of a stripe.
+ */
+static int stripe_chunks_rw(struct stripe *stripe)
+{
+	int r;
+	struct raid_set *rs = RS(stripe->sc);
+
+	/*
+	 * Increment the pending count on the stripe
+	 * first, so that we don't race in endio().
+	 *
+	 * An inc (IO) is needed for any chunk unless !ChunkIo(chunk):
+	 *
+	 * o not uptodate
+	 * o dirtied by writes merged
+	 * o dirtied by parity calculations
+	 */
+	r = for_each_io_dev(stripe, stripe_get_references);
+	if (r) {
+		/* Io needed: chunks are either not uptodate or dirty. */
+		int max;	/* REMOVEME: */
+		struct stripe_cache *sc = &rs->sc;
+
+		/* Submit actual io. */
+		for_each_io_dev(stripe, stripe_chunk_rw);
+
+		/* REMOVEME: statistics */
+		max = sc_active(sc);
+		if (atomic_read(&sc->active_stripes_max) < max)
+			atomic_set(&sc->active_stripes_max, max);
+
+		atomic_inc(rs->stats + S_FLUSHS);
+		/* END REMOVEME: statistics */
+	}
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+/* Merge in all writes hence dirtying respective chunks. */
+static void stripe_merge_writes(struct stripe *stripe)
+{
+	unsigned p = RS(stripe->sc)->set.raid_devs;
+
+	while (p--) {
+		struct stripe_chunk *chunk = CHUNK(stripe, p);
+		struct bio_list *write = BL_CHUNK(chunk, WRITE_QUEUED);
+	
+		if (!bio_list_empty(write)) {
+			struct bio *bio;
+			struct page_list *pl = stripe->obj[p].pl;
+
+			/*
+			 * We can play with the lists without holding a lock,
+			 * because it is just us accessing them anyway.
+			 */
+			bio_list_for_each(bio, write)
+				bio_copy_page_list(WRITE, stripe, pl, bio);
+
+			bio_list_merge(BL_CHUNK(chunk, WRITE_MERGED), write);
+			bio_list_init(write);
+			chunk_set(chunk, DIRTY);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/* Queue all writes to get merged. */
+static int stripe_queue_writes(struct stripe *stripe)
+{
+	int r = 0;
+	unsigned p = RS(stripe->sc)->set.raid_devs;
+
+	while (p--) {
+		struct stripe_chunk *chunk = CHUNK(stripe, p);
+		struct bio_list *write = BL_CHUNK(chunk, WRITE);
+
+		if (!bio_list_empty(write)) {
+			bio_list_merge(BL_CHUNK(chunk, WRITE_QUEUED), write);
+			bio_list_init(write);
+SetChunkIo(chunk);
+			r = 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+
+/* Check, if a chunk gets completely overwritten. */
+static int stripe_check_chunk_overwrite(struct stripe *stripe, unsigned p)
+{
+	unsigned sectors = 0;
+	struct bio *bio;
+	struct bio_list *bl = BL(stripe, p, WRITE_QUEUED);
+
+	bio_list_for_each(bio, bl)
+		sectors += bio_sectors(bio);
+
+	BUG_ON(sectors > RS(stripe->sc)->set.io_size);
+	return sectors == RS(stripe->sc)->set.io_size;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Avoid io on broken/reconstructed drive in order to
+ * reconstruct date on endio.
+ *
+ * (*1*) We set StripeReconstruct() in here, so that _do_endios()
+ *	 will trigger a reconstruct call before resetting it.
+ */
+static int stripe_chunk_set_io_flags(struct stripe *stripe, int pr)
+{
+	struct stripe_chunk *chunk = CHUNK(stripe, pr);
+
+	/*
+	 * Allow io on all chunks but the indexed one,
+	 * because we're either degraded or prohibit it
+	 * on the one for later reconstruction.
+	 */
+	/* Includes ClearChunkIo(), ClearChunkUptodate(). */
+	stripe_chunk_invalidate(chunk);
+	stripe->idx.recover = pr;
+	SetStripeReconstruct(stripe);
+
+	/* REMOVEME: statistics. */
+	atomic_inc(RS(stripe->sc)->stats + S_PROHIBITCHUNKIO);
+	return -EPERM;
+}
+
+/* Chunk locked/uptodate and device failed tests. */
+static struct stripe_chunk *
+stripe_chunk_check(struct stripe *stripe, unsigned p, unsigned *chunks_uptodate)
+{
+	struct raid_set *rs = RS(stripe->sc);
+	struct stripe_chunk *chunk = CHUNK(stripe, p);
+
+	/* Can't access active chunks. */
+	if (ChunkLocked(chunk)) {
+		/* REMOVEME: statistics. */
+		atomic_inc(rs->stats + S_CHUNK_LOCKED);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	/* Can't access broken devive. */
+	if (ChunkError(chunk) || DevFailed(rs->dev + p))
+		return NULL;
+
+	/* Can access uptodate chunks. */
+	if (ChunkUptodate(chunk)) {
+		(*chunks_uptodate)++;
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return chunk;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Degraded/reconstruction mode.
+ *
+ * Check stripe state to figure which chunks don't need IO.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 for fully operational, -EPERM for degraded/resynchronizing.
+ */
+static int stripe_check_reconstruct(struct stripe *stripe)
+{
+	struct raid_set *rs = RS(stripe->sc);
+
+	if (RSDead(rs)) {
+		ClearStripeReconstruct(stripe);
+		ClearStripeReconstructed(stripe);
+		stripe_allow_io(stripe);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Avoid further reconstruction setting, when already set. */
+	if (StripeReconstruct(stripe)) {
+		/* REMOVEME: statistics. */
+		atomic_inc(rs->stats + S_RECONSTRUCT_SET);
+		return -EBUSY;
+	}
+
+	/* Initially allow io on all chunks. */
+	stripe_allow_io(stripe);
+
+	/* Return if stripe is already reconstructed. */
+	if (StripeReconstructed(stripe)) {
+		atomic_inc(rs->stats + S_RECONSTRUCTED);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Degraded/reconstruction mode (device failed) ->
+	 * avoid io on the failed device.
+	 */
+	if (unlikely(RSDegraded(rs))) {
+		/* REMOVEME: statistics. */
+		atomic_inc(rs->stats + S_DEGRADED);
+		/* Allow IO on all devices but the dead one. */
+		BUG_ON(rs->set.ei < 0);
+		return stripe_chunk_set_io_flags(stripe, rs->set.ei);
+	} else {
+		int sync, pi = dev_for_parity(stripe, &sync);
+
+		/*
+		 * Reconstruction mode (ie. a particular (replaced) device or
+		 * some (rotating) parity chunk is being resynchronized) ->
+		 *   o make sure all needed chunks are read in
+		 *   o writes are allowed to go through
+		 */
+		if (!sync) {
+			/* REMOVEME: statistics. */
+			atomic_inc(rs->stats + S_NOSYNC);
+			/* Allow IO on all devs but the one to reconstruct. */
+			return stripe_chunk_set_io_flags(stripe, pi);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check, if stripe is ready to merge writes.
+ * I.e. if all chunks present to allow to merge bios.
+ *
+ * We prohibit io on:
+ *
+ * o chunks without bios
+ * o chunks which get completely written over
+ */
+static int stripe_merge_possible(struct stripe *stripe, int nosync)
+{
+	struct raid_set *rs = RS(stripe->sc);
+	unsigned chunks_overwrite = 0, chunks_prohibited = 0,
+		 chunks_uptodate = 0, p = rs->set.raid_devs;
+
+	/* Walk all chunks. */
+	while (p--) {
+		struct stripe_chunk *chunk;
+
+		/* Prohibit io on broken devices. */
+		if (DevFailed(rs->dev + p)) {
+			chunk = CHUNK(stripe, p);
+			goto prohibit_io;
+		}
+
+		/* We can't optimize any further if no chunk. */
+		chunk = stripe_chunk_check(stripe, p, &chunks_uptodate);
+		if (!chunk || nosync)
+			continue;
+
+		/*
+		 * We have a chunk, which is not uptodate.
+		 *
+		 * If this is not parity and we don't have
+		 * reads queued, we can optimize further.
+		 */
+		if (p != stripe->idx.parity &&
+		    bio_list_empty(BL_CHUNK(chunk, READ)) &&
+		    bio_list_empty(BL_CHUNK(chunk, WRITE_MERGED))) {
+			if (bio_list_empty(BL_CHUNK(chunk, WRITE_QUEUED)))
+				goto prohibit_io;
+			else if (RSCheckOverwrite(rs) &&
+				 stripe_check_chunk_overwrite(stripe, p))
+				/* Completely overwritten chunk. */
+				chunks_overwrite++;
+		}
+
+		/* Allow io for chunks with bios and overwritten ones. */
+		SetChunkIo(chunk);
+		continue;
+
+prohibit_io:
+		/* No io for broken devices or for chunks w/o bios. */
+		ClearChunkIo(chunk);
+		chunks_prohibited++;
+		/* REMOVEME: statistics. */
+		atomic_inc(RS(stripe->sc)->stats + S_PROHIBITCHUNKIO);
+	}
+
+	/* All data chunks will get written over. */
+	if (chunks_overwrite == rs->set.data_devs)
+		atomic_inc(rs->stats + S_OVERWRITE); /* REMOVEME: statistics.*/
+	else if (chunks_uptodate + chunks_prohibited < rs->set.raid_devs) {
+		/* We don't have enough chunks to merge. */
+		atomic_inc(rs->stats + S_CANT_MERGE); /* REMOVEME: statistics.*/
+		return -EPERM;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If we have all chunks up to date or overwrite them, we
+	 * just zero the parity chunk and let stripe_rw() recreate it.
+	 */
+	if (chunks_uptodate == rs->set.raid_devs ||
+	    chunks_overwrite == rs->set.data_devs) {
+		stripe_zero_chunk(stripe, stripe->idx.parity);
+		BUG_ON(StripeReconstruct(stripe));
+		SetStripeReconstruct(stripe);	/* Enforce xor in caller. */
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * With less chunks, we xor parity out.
+		 *
+		 * (*4*) We rely on !StripeReconstruct() in chunk_must_xor(),
+		 *	 so that only chunks with queued or merged writes 
+		 *	 are being xored.
+		 */
+		parity_xor(stripe);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We do have enough chunks to merge.
+	 * All chunks are uptodate or get written over.
+	 */
+	atomic_inc(rs->stats + S_CAN_MERGE); /* REMOVEME: statistics. */
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Avoid reading chunks in case we're fully operational.
+ *
+ * We prohibit io on any chunks without bios but the parity chunk.
+ */
+static void stripe_avoid_reads(struct stripe *stripe)
+{
+	struct raid_set *rs = RS(stripe->sc);
+	unsigned dummy = 0, p = rs->set.raid_devs;
+
+	/* Walk all chunks. */
+	while (p--) {
+		struct stripe_chunk *chunk =
+			stripe_chunk_check(stripe, p, &dummy);
+
+		if (!chunk)
+			continue;
+
+		/* If parity or any bios pending -> allow io. */
+		if (chunk_ref(chunk) || p == stripe->idx.parity)
+			SetChunkIo(chunk);
+		else {
+			ClearChunkIo(chunk);
+			/* REMOVEME: statistics. */
+			atomic_inc(RS(stripe->sc)->stats + S_PROHIBITCHUNKIO);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read/write a stripe.
+ *
+ * All stripe read/write activity goes through this function
+ * unless recovery, which has to call stripe_chunk_rw() directly.
+ *
+ * Make sure we don't try already merged stripes in order
+ * to avoid data corruption.
+ *
+ * Check the state of the RAID set and if degraded (or
+ * resynchronizing for reads), read in all other chunks but
+ * the one on the dead/resynchronizing device in order to be
+ * able to reconstruct the missing one in _do_endios().
+ *
+ * Can be called on active stripes in order
+ * to dispatch new io on inactive chunks.
+ *
+ * States to cover:
+ *   o stripe to read and/or write
+ *   o stripe with error to reconstruct
+ */
+static void stripe_rw(struct stripe *stripe)
+{
+	int nosync, r;
+	struct raid_set *rs = RS(stripe->sc);
+
+	/*
+ 	 * Check, if a chunk needs to be reconstructed
+ 	 * because of a degraded set or a region out of sync.
+ 	 */
+	nosync = stripe_check_reconstruct(stripe);
+	switch (nosync) {
+	case -EBUSY:
+		return; /* Wait for stripe reconstruction to finish. */
+	case -EPERM:
+		goto io;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If we don't have merged writes pending, we can schedule
+	 * queued writes to be merged next without corrupting data.
+	 */
+	if (!StripeMerged(stripe)) {
+		r = stripe_queue_writes(stripe);
+		if (r)
+			/* Writes got queued -> flag RBW. */
+			SetStripeRBW(stripe);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Merge all writes hanging off uptodate/overwritten
+	 * chunks of the stripe.
+	 */
+	if (StripeRBW(stripe)) {
+		r = stripe_merge_possible(stripe, nosync);
+		if (!r) { /* Merge possible. */
+			struct stripe_chunk *chunk;
+
+			/*
+			 * I rely on valid parity in order
+			 * to xor a fraction of chunks out
+			 * of parity and back in.
+			 */
+			stripe_merge_writes(stripe);	/* Merge writes in. */
+			parity_xor(stripe);		/* Update parity. */
+			ClearStripeReconstruct(stripe);	/* Reset xor enforce. */
+			SetStripeMerged(stripe);	/* Writes merged. */
+			ClearStripeRBW(stripe);		/* Disable RBW. */
+
+			/*
+			 * REMOVEME: sanity check on parity chunk
+			 * 	     states after writes got merged.
+			 */
+			chunk = CHUNK(stripe, stripe->idx.parity);
+			BUG_ON(ChunkLocked(chunk));
+			BUG_ON(!ChunkUptodate(chunk));
+			BUG_ON(!ChunkDirty(chunk));
+			BUG_ON(!ChunkIo(chunk));
+		}
+	} else if (!nosync && !StripeMerged(stripe))
+		/* Read avoidance if not degraded/resynchronizing/merged. */
+		stripe_avoid_reads(stripe);
+
+io:
+	/* Now submit any reads/writes for non-uptodate or dirty chunks. */
+	r = stripe_chunks_rw(stripe);
+	if (!r) {
+		/*
+		 * No io submitted because of chunk io
+		 * prohibited or locked chunks/failed devices
+		 * -> push to end io list for processing.
+		 */
+		stripe_endio_push(stripe);
+		atomic_inc(rs->stats + S_NO_RW); /* REMOVEME: statistics. */
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Recovery functions
+ */
+/* Read a stripe off a raid set for recovery. */
+static int stripe_recover_read(struct stripe *stripe, int pi)
+{
+	BUG_ON(stripe_io_ref(stripe));
+
+	/* Invalidate all chunks so that they get read in. */
+	stripe_chunks_invalidate(stripe);
+	stripe_allow_io(stripe); /* Allow io on all recovery chunks. */
+
+	/*
+	 * If we are reconstructing a perticular device, we can avoid
+ 	 * reading the respective chunk in, because we're going to
+	 * reconstruct it anyway.
+	 *
+	 * We can't do that for resynchronization of rotating parity,
+	 * because the recovery stripe chunk size is typically larger
+	 * than the sets chunk size.
+	 */
+	if (pi > -1)
+		ClearChunkIo(CHUNK(stripe, pi));
+
+	return stripe_chunks_rw(stripe);
+}
+
+/* Write a stripe to a raid set for recovery. */
+static int stripe_recover_write(struct stripe *stripe, int pi)
+{
+	BUG_ON(stripe_io_ref(stripe));
+
+	/*
+	 * If this is a reconstruct of a particular device, then
+	 * reconstruct the respective chunk, else create parity chunk.
+	 */
+	if (pi > -1) {
+		stripe_zero_chunk(stripe, pi);
+		common_xor(stripe, stripe->io.size, 0, pi);
+		chunk_set(CHUNK(stripe, pi), DIRTY);
+	} else
+		parity_xor(stripe);
+
+	return stripe_chunks_rw(stripe);
+}
+
+/* Read/write a recovery stripe. */
+static int stripe_recover_rw(struct stripe *stripe)
+{
+	int r = 0, sync = 0;
+
+	/* Read/write flip-flop. */
+	if (TestClearStripeRBW(stripe)) {
+		SetStripeMerged(stripe);
+		stripe->key = stripe->recover->pos;
+		r = stripe_recover_read(stripe, dev_for_parity(stripe, &sync));
+		BUG_ON(!r);
+	} else if (TestClearStripeMerged(stripe)) {
+		r = stripe_recover_write(stripe, dev_for_parity(stripe, &sync));
+		BUG_ON(!r);
+	}
+
+	BUG_ON(sync);
+	return r;
+}
+
+/* Recover bandwidth available ?. */
+static int recover_bandwidth(struct raid_set *rs)
+{
+	int r, work;
+
+	/* On reset or when bios delayed -> allow recovery. */
+	r = recover_io_reset(rs);
+	if (r || RSBandwidth(rs))
+		goto out;
+
+	work = atomic_read(rs->recover.io_count + IO_WORK);
+	if (work) {
+		/* Pay attention to larger recover stripe size. */
+		int recover = atomic_read(rs->recover.io_count + IO_RECOVER) *
+					  rs->recover.io_size / rs->set.io_size;
+
+		/*
+		 * Don't use more than given bandwidth
+		 * of the work io for recovery.
+		 */
+		if (recover > work / rs->recover.bandwidth_work) {
+			/* REMOVEME: statistics. */
+			atomic_inc(rs->stats + S_NO_BANDWIDTH);
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+out:
+	atomic_inc(rs->stats + S_BANDWIDTH);	/* REMOVEME: statistics. */
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/* Try to get a region to recover. */
+static int stripe_recover_get_region(struct stripe *stripe)
+{
+	struct raid_set *rs = RS(stripe->sc);
+	struct recover *rec = &rs->recover;
+	struct recover_addr *addr = stripe->recover;
+	struct dm_dirty_log *dl = rec->dl;
+	struct dm_rh_client *rh = rec->rh;
+
+	BUG_ON(!dl);
+	BUG_ON(!rh);
+
+	/* Return, that we have region first to finish it during suspension. */
+	if (addr->reg)
+		return 1;
+
+	if (RSSuspend(rs))
+		return -EPERM;
+
+	if (dl->type->get_sync_count(dl) >= rec->nr_regions)
+		return -ENOENT;
+
+	/* If we don't have enough bandwidth, we don't proceed recovering. */
+	if (!recover_bandwidth(rs))
+		return -EAGAIN;
+
+	/* Start quiescing a region. */
+	dm_rh_recovery_prepare(rh);
+	addr->reg = dm_rh_recovery_start(rh);
+	if (!addr->reg)
+		return -EAGAIN;
+
+	addr->pos = dm_rh_region_to_sector(rh, dm_rh_get_region_key(addr->reg));
+	addr->end = addr->pos + dm_rh_get_region_size(rh);
+
+	/*
+	 * Take one global io reference out for the
+	 * whole region, which is going to be released
+	 * when the region is completely done with.
+	 */
+	io_get(rs);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* Update region hash state. */
+enum recover_type { REC_FAILURE = 0, REC_SUCCESS = 1 };
+static void recover_rh_update(struct stripe *stripe, enum recover_type success)
+{
+	struct recover_addr *addr = stripe->recover;
+	struct raid_set *rs = RS(stripe->sc);
+	struct recover *rec = &rs->recover;
+
+	if (!addr->reg) {
+		DMERR("%s- Called w/o region", __func__);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	dm_rh_recovery_end(addr->reg, success);
+	if (success)
+		rec->nr_regions_recovered++;
+
+	addr->reg = NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * Completely done with this region ->
+	 * release the 1st io reference.
+	 */
+	io_put(rs);
+}
+
+/* Set start of recovery state. */
+static void set_start_recovery(struct raid_set *rs)
+{
+	/* Initialize recovery. */
+	rs->recover.start_jiffies = jiffies;
+	rs->recover.end_jiffies = 0;
+}
+
+/* Set end of recovery state. */
+static void set_end_recovery(struct raid_set *rs)
+{
+	ClearRSRecover(rs);
+	rs->set.dev_to_init = -1;
+
+	/* Check for jiffies overrun. */
+	rs->recover.end_jiffies = jiffies;
+	if (rs->recover.end_jiffies < rs->recover.start_jiffies)
+		rs->recover.end_jiffies = ~0;
+}
+
+/* Handle recovery on one recovery stripe. */
+static int _do_recovery(struct stripe *stripe)
+{
+	int r;
+	struct raid_set *rs = RS(stripe->sc);
+	struct recover_addr *addr = stripe->recover;
+
+	/* If recovery is active -> return. */
+	if (stripe_io_ref(stripe))
+		return 1;
+
+	/* IO error is fatal for recovery -> stop it. */
+	if (unlikely(StripeError(stripe)))
+		goto err;
+
+	/* Recovery end required. */
+	if (!RSRecover(rs))
+		goto err;
+
+	/* Get a region to recover. */
+	r = stripe_recover_get_region(stripe);
+	switch (r) {
+	case 0:	/* Got a new region: flag initial read before write. */
+		SetStripeRBW(stripe);
+	case 1:	/* Have a region in the works. */
+		break;
+	case -EAGAIN:
+		/* No bandwidth/quiesced region yet, try later. */
+		if (!io_ref(rs))
+			wake_do_raid_delayed(rs, HZ / 4);
+	case -EPERM:
+		/* Suspend. */
+		return 1;
+	case -ENOENT:	/* No more regions to recover. */
+		schedule_work(&rs->io.ws_do_table_event);
+		return 0;
+	default:
+		BUG();
+	}
+
+	/* Read/write a recover stripe. */
+	r = stripe_recover_rw(stripe);
+	if (r)
+		/* IO initiated. */
+		return 1;
+
+	/* Read and write finished-> update recovery position within region. */
+	addr->pos += stripe->io.size;
+
+	/* If we're at end of region, update region hash. */
+	if (addr->pos >= addr->end ||
+	    addr->pos >= rs->set.sectors_per_dev)
+		recover_rh_update(stripe, REC_SUCCESS);
+	else
+		/* Prepare to read next region segment. */
+		SetStripeRBW(stripe);
+
+	/* Schedule myself for another round... */
+	wake_do_raid(rs);
+	return 1;
+
+err:
+	/* FIXME: rather try recovering other regions on error? */
+	rs_check_degrade(stripe);
+	recover_rh_update(stripe, REC_FAILURE);
+
+	/* Check state of partially recovered array. */
+	if (RSDegraded(rs) && !RSDead(rs) &&
+	    rs->set.dev_to_init != -1 &&
+	    rs->set.ei != rs->set.dev_to_init)
+		/* Broken drive != drive to recover -> FATAL. */
+		SetRSDead(rs);
+
+	if (StripeError(stripe)) {
+		char buf[BDEVNAME_SIZE];
+
+		DMERR("stopping recovery due to "
+		      "ERROR on /dev/%s, stripe at offset %llu",
+		      bdevname(rs->dev[rs->set.ei].dev->bdev, buf),
+		      (unsigned long long) stripe->key);
+
+	}
+
+	/* Make sure, that all quiesced regions get released. */
+	while (addr->reg) {
+		dm_rh_recovery_end(addr->reg, -EIO);
+		addr->reg = dm_rh_recovery_start(rs->recover.rh);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* Called by main io daemon to recover regions. */
+static void do_recovery(struct raid_set *rs)
+{
+	if (RSRecover(rs)) {
+		int r = 0;
+		struct stripe *stripe;
+
+		list_for_each_entry(stripe, &rs->recover.stripes,
+				    lists[LIST_RECOVER])
+			r += _do_recovery(stripe);
+
+		if (!r) {
+			set_end_recovery(rs);
+			stripe_recover_free(rs);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * END recovery functions
+ */
+
+/* End io process all stripes handed in by endio() callback. */
+static void _do_endios(struct raid_set *rs, struct stripe *stripe,
+		       struct list_head *flush_list)
+{
+	/* First unlock all required chunks. */
+	stripe_chunks_unlock(stripe);
+
+	/*
+	 * If an io error on a stripe occured, degrade the RAID set
+	 * and try to endio as many bios as possible. If any bios can't
+	 * be endio processed, requeue the stripe (stripe_ref() != 0).
+	 */
+	if (TestClearStripeError(stripe)) {
+		/*
+		 * FIXME: if read, rewrite the failed chunk after reconstruction
+		 *        in order to trigger disk bad sector relocation.
+		 */
+		rs_check_degrade(stripe); /* Resets ChunkError(). */
+		ClearStripeReconstruct(stripe);
+		ClearStripeReconstructed(stripe);
+	}
+
+	/* Got to reconstruct a missing chunk. */
+	if (StripeReconstruct(stripe)) {
+		/*
+		 * (*2*) We use StripeReconstruct() to allow for
+		 *	 all chunks to be xored into the reconstructed
+		 *	 one (see chunk_must_xor()).
+		 */
+		stripe_reconstruct(stripe);
+
+		/*
+		 * (*3*) Now we reset StripeReconstruct() and flag
+		 * 	 StripeReconstructed() to show to stripe_rw(),
+		 * 	 that we have reconstructed a missing chunk.
+		 */
+		ClearStripeReconstruct(stripe);
+		SetStripeReconstructed(stripe);
+
+		/* FIXME: reschedule to be written in case of read. */
+		// if (!StripeRBW(stripe)) {
+		// 	chunk_set(CHUNK(stripe, pr), DIRTY);
+		// 	stripe_chunks_rw(stripe);
+		// }
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Now that we eventually got a complete stripe, we
+	 * can process the rest of the end ios on reads.
+	 */
+	stripe_endio(READ, stripe);
+
+	/* End io all merged writes. */
+	if (TestClearStripeMerged(stripe))
+		stripe_endio(WRITE_MERGED, stripe);
+
+	/* If RAID set is dead -> fail any ios to dead drives. */
+	if (RSDead(rs)) {
+		DMERR_LIMIT("RAID set dead: failing ios to dead devices");
+		stripe_fail_io(stripe);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We have stripe references still,
+	 * beacuse of read befeore writes or IO errors ->
+	 * got to put on flush list for processing.
+	 */
+	if (stripe_ref(stripe)) {
+		BUG_ON(!list_empty(stripe->lists + LIST_LRU));
+		list_add_tail(stripe->lists + LIST_FLUSH, flush_list);
+		atomic_inc(rs->stats + S_REQUEUE); /* REMOVEME: statistics. */
+	} else
+		stripe_lru_add(stripe);
+}
+
+/* Pop any endio stripes off of the endio list and belabour them. */
+static void do_endios(struct raid_set *rs)
+{
+	struct stripe_cache *sc = &rs->sc;
+	struct stripe *stripe;
+	/* IO flush list for sorted requeued stripes. */
+	struct list_head flush_list;
+
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&flush_list);
+
+	while ((stripe = stripe_endio_pop(sc))) {
+		/* Avoid endio on stripes with newly io'ed chunks. */
+		if (!stripe_io_ref(stripe))
+			_do_endios(rs, stripe, &flush_list);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Insert any requeued stripes in the proper
+	 * order at the beginning of the io (flush) list.
+	 */
+	list_splice(&flush_list, sc->lists + LIST_FLUSH);
+}
+
+/* Flush any stripes on the io list. */
+static void do_flush(struct raid_set *rs)
+{
+	struct stripe *stripe;
+
+	while ((stripe = stripe_io_pop(&rs->sc)))
+		stripe_rw(stripe); /* Read/write stripe. */
+}
+
+/* Stripe cache resizing. */
+static void do_sc_resize(struct raid_set *rs)
+{
+	unsigned set = atomic_read(&rs->sc.stripes_to_set);
+
+	if (set) {
+		unsigned cur = atomic_read(&rs->sc.stripes);
+		int r = (set > cur) ? sc_grow(&rs->sc, set - cur, SC_GROW) :
+				      sc_shrink(&rs->sc, cur - set);
+
+		/* Flag end of resizeing if ok. */
+		if (!r)
+			atomic_set(&rs->sc.stripes_to_set, 0);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Process all ios
+ *
+ * We do different things with the io depending
+ * on the state of the region that it is in:
+ *
+ * o reads: hang off stripe cache or postpone if full
+ *
+ * o writes:
+ *
+ *  CLEAN/DIRTY/NOSYNC:	increment pending and hang io off stripe's stripe set.
+ *			In case stripe cache is full or busy, postpone the io.
+ *
+ *  RECOVERING:		delay the io until recovery of the region completes.
+ *
+ */
+static void do_ios(struct raid_set *rs, struct bio_list *ios)
+{
+	int r;
+	unsigned flush = 0, delay = 0;
+	sector_t sector;
+	struct dm_rh_client *rh = rs->recover.rh;
+	struct bio *bio;
+	struct bio_list reject;
+
+	bio_list_init(&reject);
+
+	/*
+	 * Classify each io:
+	 *    o delay writes to recovering regions (let reads go through)
+	 *    o queue io to all other regions
+	 */
+	while ((bio = bio_list_pop(ios))) {
+		/*
+		 * In case we get a barrier bio, push it back onto
+		 * the input queue unless all work queues are empty
+		 * and the stripe cache is inactive.
+		 */
+		if (unlikely(bio->bi_rw & REQ_FLUSH)) {
+			/* REMOVEME: statistics. */
+			atomic_inc(rs->stats + S_BARRIER);
+			if (delay ||
+			    !list_empty(rs->sc.lists + LIST_FLUSH) ||
+			    !bio_list_empty(&reject) ||
+			    sc_active(&rs->sc)) {
+				bio_list_push(ios, bio);
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		/* Check for recovering regions. */
+		sector = _sector(rs, bio);
+		r = region_state(rs, sector, DM_RH_RECOVERING);
+		if (unlikely(r && bio_data_dir(bio) == WRITE)) {
+			delay++;
+			/* Wait writing to recovering regions. */
+			dm_rh_delay_by_region(rh, bio,
+					      dm_rh_sector_to_region(rh,
+								     sector));
+			/* REMOVEME: statistics.*/
+			atomic_inc(rs->stats + S_DELAYED_BIOS);
+			atomic_inc(rs->stats + S_SUM_DELAYED_BIOS);
+
+			/* Force bandwidth tests in recovery. */
+			SetRSBandwidth(rs);
+		} else {
+			/*
+			 * Process ios to non-recovering regions by queueing
+			 * them to stripes (does dm_rh_inc()) for writes).
+			 */
+			flush += stripe_queue_bio(rs, bio, &reject);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (flush) {
+		/* FIXME: better error handling. */
+		r = dm_rh_flush(rh); /* Writes got queued -> flush dirty log. */
+		if (r)
+			DMERR_LIMIT("dirty log flush");
+	}
+
+	/* Merge any rejected bios back to the head of the input list. */
+	bio_list_merge_head(ios, &reject);
+}
+
+/* Send an event in case we're getting too busy. */
+static void do_busy_event(struct raid_set *rs)
+{
+	if (sc_busy(rs)) {
+		if (!TestSetRSScBusy(rs))
+			schedule_work(&rs->io.ws_do_table_event);
+	}
+
+	ClearRSScBusy(rs);
+}
+
+/* Throw an event. */
+static void do_table_event(struct work_struct *ws)
+{
+	struct raid_set *rs = container_of(ws, struct raid_set,
+					   io.ws_do_table_event);
+	dm_table_event(rs->ti->table);
+}
+
+
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ * RAID daemon
+ *---------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/*
+ * o belabour all end ios
+ * o update the region hash states
+ * o optionally shrink the stripe cache
+ * o optionally do recovery
+ * o unplug any component raid devices with queued bios
+ * o grab the input queue
+ * o work an all requeued or new ios and perform stripe cache flushs
+ * o unplug any component raid devices with queued bios
+ * o check, if the stripe cache gets too busy and throw an event if so
+ */
+static void do_raid(struct work_struct *ws)
+{
+	struct raid_set *rs = container_of(ws, struct raid_set,
+					   io.dws_do_raid.work);
+	struct bio_list *ios = &rs->io.work, *ios_in = &rs->io.in;
+	struct blk_plug plug;
+
+	/*
+	 * We always need to end io, so that ios can get errored in
+	 * case the set failed and the region counters get decremented
+	 * before we update region hash states and go any further.
+	 */
+	do_endios(rs);
+	dm_rh_update_states(rs->recover.rh, 1);
+
+	/*
+	 * Now that we've end io'd, which may have put stripes on the LRU list
+	 * to allow for shrinking, we resize the stripe cache if requested.
+	 */
+	do_sc_resize(rs);
+
+	/* Try to recover regions. */
+	blk_start_plug(&plug);
+	do_recovery(rs);
+	blk_finish_plug(&plug);	/* Unplug the queue */
+
+	/* Quickly grab all new ios queued and add them to the work list. */
+	mutex_lock(&rs->io.in_lock);
+	bio_list_merge(ios, ios_in);
+	bio_list_init(ios_in);
+	mutex_unlock(&rs->io.in_lock);
+
+	blk_start_plug(&plug);
+	if (!bio_list_empty(ios))
+		do_ios(rs, ios); /* Got ios to work into the cache. */
+
+	do_flush(rs);		/* Flush any stripes on io list. */
+	blk_finish_plug(&plug);	/* Unplug the queue */
+	do_busy_event(rs);	/* Check if we got too busy. */
+}
+
+/*
+ * Callback for region hash to dispatch
+ * delayed bios queued to recovered regions
+ * (gets called via dm_rh_update_states()).
+ */
+static void dispatch_delayed_bios(void *context, struct bio_list *bl)
+{
+	struct raid_set *rs = context;
+	struct bio *bio;
+
+	/* REMOVEME: statistics; decrement pending delayed bios counter. */
+	bio_list_for_each(bio, bl)
+		atomic_dec(rs->stats + S_DELAYED_BIOS);
+
+	/* Merge region hash private list to work list. */
+	bio_list_merge_head(&rs->io.work, bl);
+	bio_list_init(bl);
+	ClearRSBandwidth(rs);
+}
+
+/*************************************************************
+ * Constructor helpers
+ *************************************************************/
+/* Calculate MB/sec. */
+static unsigned mbpers(struct raid_set *rs, unsigned speed)
+{
+	return to_bytes(speed * rs->set.data_devs *
+			rs->recover.io_size * HZ >> 10) >> 10;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Discover fastest xor algorithm and # of chunks combination.
+ */
+/* Calculate speed for algorithm and # of chunks. */
+static unsigned xor_speed(struct stripe *stripe)
+{
+	unsigned r = 0;
+	unsigned long j;
+
+	/* Wait for next tick. */
+	for (j = jiffies; j == jiffies; )
+		;
+
+	/* Do xors for a full tick. */
+	for (j = jiffies; j == jiffies; ) {
+		mb();
+		common_xor(stripe, stripe->io.size, 0, 0);
+		mb();
+		r++;
+	}
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+/* Optimize xor algorithm for this RAID set. */
+static unsigned xor_optimize(struct raid_set *rs)
+{
+	unsigned chunks_max = 2, p = rs->set.raid_devs, speed_max = 0;
+	struct xor_func *f = ARRAY_END(xor_funcs), *f_max = NULL;
+	struct stripe *stripe;
+
+	BUG_ON(list_empty(&rs->recover.stripes));
+	stripe = list_first_entry(&rs->recover.stripes, struct stripe,
+				  lists[LIST_RECOVER]);
+
+	/* Must set uptodate so that xor() will belabour chunks. */
+	while (p--)
+		SetChunkUptodate(CHUNK(stripe, p));
+
+	/* Try all xor functions. */
+	while (f-- > xor_funcs) {
+		unsigned speed;
+
+		/* Set actual xor function for common_xor(). */
+		rs->xor.f = f;
+		rs->xor.chunks = (f->f == xor_blocks_wrapper ?
+				  (MAX_XOR_BLOCKS + 1) : XOR_CHUNKS_MAX) + 1;
+
+		while (rs->xor.chunks-- > 2) {
+			speed = xor_speed(stripe);
+			if (speed > speed_max) {
+				speed_max = speed;
+				chunks_max = rs->xor.chunks;
+				f_max = f;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Memorize optimum parameters. */
+	rs->xor.f = f_max;
+	rs->xor.chunks = chunks_max;
+	return speed_max;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Allocate a RAID context (a RAID set)
+ */
+/* Structure for variable RAID parameters. */
+struct variable_parms {
+	int bandwidth;
+	int bandwidth_parm;
+	int chunk_size;
+	int chunk_size_parm;
+	int io_size;
+	int io_size_parm;
+	int stripes;
+	int stripes_parm;
+	int recover_io_size;
+	int recover_io_size_parm;
+	int raid_parms;
+	int recovery;
+	int recovery_stripes;
+	int recovery_stripes_parm;
+};
+
+static struct raid_set *
+context_alloc(struct raid_type *raid_type, struct variable_parms *p,
+	      unsigned raid_devs, sector_t sectors_per_dev,
+	      struct dm_target *ti, unsigned dl_parms, char **argv)
+{
+	int r;
+	size_t len;
+	sector_t region_size, ti_len;
+	struct raid_set *rs = NULL;
+	struct dm_dirty_log *dl;
+	struct recover *rec;
+
+	/*
+	 * Create the dirty log
+	 *
+	 * We need to change length for the dirty log constructor,
+	 * because we want an amount of regions for all stripes derived
+	 * from the single device size, so that we can keep region
+	 * size = 2^^n independant of the number of devices
+	 */
+	ti_len = ti->len;
+	ti->len = sectors_per_dev;
+	dl = dm_dirty_log_create(argv[0], ti, NULL, dl_parms, argv + 2);
+	ti->len = ti_len;
+	if (!dl)
+		goto bad_dirty_log;
+
+	/* Chunk size *must* be smaller than region size. */
+	region_size = dl->type->get_region_size(dl);
+	if (p->chunk_size > region_size)
+		goto bad_chunk_size;
+
+	/* Recover io size *must* be smaller than region size as well. */
+	if (p->recover_io_size > region_size)
+		goto bad_recover_io_size;
+
+	/* Size and allocate the RAID set structure. */
+	len = sizeof(*rs->data) + sizeof(*rs->dev);
+	if (dm_array_too_big(sizeof(*rs), len, raid_devs))
+		goto bad_array;
+
+	len = sizeof(*rs) + raid_devs * len;
+	rs = kzalloc(len, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!rs)
+		goto bad_alloc;
+
+	rec = &rs->recover;
+	atomic_set(&rs->io.in_process, 0);
+	atomic_set(&rs->io.in_process_max, 0);
+	rec->io_size = p->recover_io_size;
+
+	/* Pointer to data array. */
+	rs->data = (unsigned long **)
+		   ((void *) rs->dev + raid_devs * sizeof(*rs->dev));
+	rec->dl = dl;
+	rs->set.raid_devs = raid_devs;
+	rs->set.data_devs = raid_devs - raid_type->parity_devs;
+	rs->set.raid_type = raid_type;
+
+	rs->set.raid_parms = p->raid_parms;
+	rs->set.chunk_size_parm = p->chunk_size_parm;
+	rs->set.io_size_parm = p->io_size_parm;
+	rs->sc.stripes_parm = p->stripes_parm;
+	rec->io_size_parm = p->recover_io_size_parm;
+	rec->bandwidth_parm = p->bandwidth_parm;
+	rec->recovery = p->recovery;
+	rec->recovery_stripes = p->recovery_stripes;
+
+	/*
+	 * Set chunk and io size and respective shifts
+	 * (used to avoid divisions)
+	 */
+	rs->set.chunk_size = p->chunk_size;
+	rs->set.chunk_shift = ffs(p->chunk_size) - 1;
+
+	rs->set.io_size = p->io_size;
+	rs->set.io_mask = p->io_size - 1;
+	/* Mask to adjust address key in case io_size != chunk_size. */
+	rs->set.io_inv_mask = (p->chunk_size - 1) & ~rs->set.io_mask;
+
+	rs->set.sectors_per_dev = sectors_per_dev;
+
+	rs->set.ei = -1;	/* Indicate no failed device. */
+	atomic_set(&rs->set.failed_devs, 0);
+
+	rs->ti = ti;
+
+	atomic_set(rec->io_count + IO_WORK, 0);
+	atomic_set(rec->io_count + IO_RECOVER, 0);
+
+	/* Initialize io lock and queues. */
+	mutex_init(&rs->io.in_lock);
+	bio_list_init(&rs->io.in);
+	bio_list_init(&rs->io.work);
+
+	init_waitqueue_head(&rs->io.suspendq);	/* Suspend waiters (dm-io). */
+
+	rec->nr_regions = dm_sector_div_up(sectors_per_dev, region_size);
+	rec->rh = dm_region_hash_create(rs, dispatch_delayed_bios,
+			wake_dummy, wake_do_raid, 0, p->recovery_stripes,
+			dl, region_size, rec->nr_regions);
+	if (IS_ERR(rec->rh))
+		goto bad_rh;
+
+	/* Initialize stripe cache. */
+	r = sc_init(rs, p->stripes);
+	if (r)
+		goto bad_sc;
+
+	/* REMOVEME: statistics. */
+	stats_reset(rs);
+	ClearRSDevelStats(rs);	/* Disnable development status. */
+	return rs;
+
+bad_dirty_log:
+	TI_ERR_RET("Error creating dirty log", ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM));
+
+bad_chunk_size:
+	dm_dirty_log_destroy(dl);
+	TI_ERR_RET("Chunk size larger than region size", ERR_PTR(-EINVAL));
+
+bad_recover_io_size:
+	dm_dirty_log_destroy(dl);
+	TI_ERR_RET("Recover stripe io size larger than region size",
+			ERR_PTR(-EINVAL));
+
+bad_array:
+	dm_dirty_log_destroy(dl);
+	TI_ERR_RET("Arry too big", ERR_PTR(-EINVAL));
+
+bad_alloc:
+	dm_dirty_log_destroy(dl);
+	TI_ERR_RET("Cannot allocate raid context", ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM));
+
+bad_rh:
+	dm_dirty_log_destroy(dl);
+	ti->error = DM_MSG_PREFIX "Error creating dirty region hash";
+	goto free_rs;
+
+bad_sc:
+	dm_region_hash_destroy(rec->rh); /* Destroys dirty log too. */
+	sc_exit(&rs->sc);
+	ti->error = DM_MSG_PREFIX "Error creating stripe cache";
+free_rs:
+	kfree(rs);
+	return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+}
+
+/* Free a RAID context (a RAID set). */
+static void context_free(struct raid_set *rs, unsigned p)
+{
+	while (p--)
+		dm_put_device(rs->ti, rs->dev[p].dev);
+
+	sc_exit(&rs->sc);
+	dm_region_hash_destroy(rs->recover.rh); /* Destroys dirty log too. */
+	kfree(rs);
+}
+
+/* Create work queue and initialize delayed work. */
+static int rs_workqueue_init(struct raid_set *rs)
+{
+	struct dm_target *ti = rs->ti;
+
+	rs->io.wq = create_singlethread_workqueue(DAEMON);
+	if (!rs->io.wq)
+		TI_ERR_RET("failed to create " DAEMON, -ENOMEM);
+
+	INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&rs->io.dws_do_raid, do_raid);
+	INIT_WORK(&rs->io.ws_do_table_event, do_table_event);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* Return pointer to raid_type structure for raid name. */
+static struct raid_type *get_raid_type(char *name)
+{
+	struct raid_type *r = ARRAY_END(raid_types);
+
+	while (r-- > raid_types) {
+		if (!strcmp(r->name, name))
+			return r;
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/* FIXME: factor out to dm core. */
+static int multiple(sector_t a, sector_t b, sector_t *n)
+{
+	sector_t r = a;
+
+	sector_div(r, b);
+	*n = r;
+	return a == r * b;
+}
+
+/* Log RAID set information to kernel log. */
+static void rs_log(struct raid_set *rs, unsigned speed)
+{
+	unsigned p;
+	char buf[BDEVNAME_SIZE];
+
+	for (p = 0; p < rs->set.raid_devs; p++)
+		DMINFO("/dev/%s is raid disk %u%s",
+				bdevname(rs->dev[p].dev->bdev, buf), p,
+				(p == rs->set.pi) ? " (parity)" : "");
+
+	DMINFO("%d/%d/%d sectors chunk/io/recovery size, %u stripes\n"
+	       "algorithm \"%s\", %u chunks with %uMB/s\n"
+	       "%s set with net %u/%u devices",
+	       rs->set.chunk_size, rs->set.io_size, rs->recover.io_size,
+	       atomic_read(&rs->sc.stripes),
+	       rs->xor.f->name, rs->xor.chunks, mbpers(rs, speed),
+	       rs->set.raid_type->descr, rs->set.data_devs, rs->set.raid_devs);
+}
+
+/* Get all devices and offsets. */
+static int dev_parms(struct raid_set *rs, char **argv, int *p)
+{
+	struct dm_target *ti = rs->ti;
+
+	for (*p = 0; *p < rs->set.raid_devs; (*p)++, argv += 2) {
+		int r;
+		unsigned long long tmp;
+		struct raid_dev *dev = rs->dev + *p;
+
+		/* Get offset and device. */
+		if (sscanf(argv[1], "%llu", &tmp) != 1 ||
+		    tmp > rs->set.sectors_per_dev)
+			TI_ERR("Invalid RAID device offset parameter");
+
+		dev->start = tmp;
+		r = dm_get_device(ti, *argv, dm_table_get_mode(ti->table), &dev->dev);
+		if (r)
+			TI_ERR_RET("RAID device lookup failure", r);
+
+		r = raid_dev_lookup(rs, dev);
+		if (r != -ENODEV && r < *p) {
+			(*p)++;	/* Ensure dm_put_device() on actual device. */
+			TI_ERR_RET("Duplicate RAID device", -ENXIO);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* Set recovery bandwidth. */
+static void
+recover_set_bandwidth(struct raid_set *rs, unsigned bandwidth)
+{
+	rs->recover.bandwidth = bandwidth;
+	rs->recover.bandwidth_work = 100 / bandwidth;
+}
+
+/* Handle variable number of RAID parameters. */
+static int get_raid_variable_parms(struct dm_target *ti, char **argv, 
+				   struct variable_parms *vp)
+{
+	int p, value;
+	struct {
+		int action; /* -1: skip, 0: no pwer2 check, 1: power2 check */
+		char *errmsg;
+		int min, max;
+		int *var, *var2, *var3;
+	} argctr[] = {
+		{ 1,
+		  "Invalid chunk size; must be -1 or 2^^n and <= 16384",
+ 		  IO_SIZE_MIN, CHUNK_SIZE_MAX,
+		  &vp->chunk_size_parm, &vp->chunk_size, &vp->io_size },
+		{ 0,
+		  "Invalid number of stripes: must be -1 or >= 8 and <= 16384",
+		  STRIPES_MIN, STRIPES_MAX,
+		  &vp->stripes_parm, &vp->stripes, NULL },
+		{ 1,
+		  "Invalid io size; must -1 or >= 8, 2^^n and less equal "
+		  "min(BIO_MAX_SECTORS/2, chunk size)",
+		  IO_SIZE_MIN, 0, /* Needs to be updated in loop below. */
+		  &vp->io_size_parm, &vp->io_size, NULL },
+		{ 1,
+		  "Invalid recovery io size; must be -1 or "
+		  "2^^n and less equal BIO_MAX_SECTORS/2",
+		  RECOVER_IO_SIZE_MIN, BIO_MAX_SECTORS / 2,
+		  &vp->recover_io_size_parm, &vp->recover_io_size, NULL },
+		{ 0,
+		  "Invalid recovery bandwidth percentage; "
+		  "must be -1 or > 0 and <= 100",
+		  BANDWIDTH_MIN, BANDWIDTH_MAX,
+		  &vp->bandwidth_parm, &vp->bandwidth, NULL },
+		/* Handle sync argument seperately in loop. */
+		{ -1,
+		  "Invalid recovery switch; must be \"sync\" or \"nosync\"" },
+		{ 0,
+		  "Invalid number of recovery stripes;"
+		  "must be -1, > 0 and <= 16384",
+		  RECOVERY_STRIPES_MIN, RECOVERY_STRIPES_MAX,
+		  &vp->recovery_stripes_parm, &vp->recovery_stripes, NULL },
+	}, *varp;
+
+	/* Fetch # of variable raid parameters. */
+	if (sscanf(*(argv++), "%d", &vp->raid_parms) != 1 ||
+	    !range_ok(vp->raid_parms, 0, 7))
+		TI_ERR("Bad variable raid parameters number");
+
+	/* Preset variable RAID parameters. */
+	vp->chunk_size = CHUNK_SIZE_DEFAULT;
+	vp->io_size = IO_SIZE_DEFAULT;
+	vp->stripes = STRIPES_DEFAULT;
+	vp->recover_io_size = RECOVER_IO_SIZE_DEFAULT;
+	vp->bandwidth = BANDWIDTH_DEFAULT;
+	vp->recovery = 1;
+	vp->recovery_stripes = RECOVERY_STRIPES_DEFAULT;
+
+	/* Walk the array of argument constraints for all given ones. */
+	for (p = 0, varp = argctr; p < vp->raid_parms; p++, varp++) {
+	     	BUG_ON(varp >= ARRAY_END(argctr));
+
+		/* Special case for "[no]sync" string argument. */
+		if (varp->action < 0) {
+			if (!strcmp(*argv, "sync"))
+				;
+			else if (!strcmp(*argv, "nosync"))
+				vp->recovery = 0;
+			else
+				TI_ERR(varp->errmsg);
+
+			argv++;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Special case for io_size depending
+		 * on previously set chunk size.
+		 */
+		if (p == 2)
+			varp->max = min(BIO_MAX_SECTORS / 2, vp->chunk_size);
+
+		if (sscanf(*(argv++), "%d", &value) != 1 ||
+		    (value != -1 &&
+		     ((varp->action && !POWER_OF_2(value)) ||
+		      !range_ok(value, varp->min, varp->max))))
+			TI_ERR(varp->errmsg);
+
+		*varp->var = value;
+		if (value != -1) {
+			if (varp->var2)
+				*varp->var2 = value;
+			if (varp->var3)
+				*varp->var3 = value;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* Parse optional locking parameters. */
+static int get_raid_locking_parms(struct dm_target *ti, char **argv,
+				  int *locking_parms,
+				  struct dm_raid45_locking_type **locking_type)
+{
+	if (!strnicmp(argv[0], "locking", strlen(argv[0]))) {
+		char *lckstr = argv[1];
+		size_t lcksz = strlen(lckstr);
+
+		if (!strnicmp(lckstr, "none", lcksz)) {
+			*locking_type = &locking_none;
+			*locking_parms = 2;
+		} else if (!strnicmp(lckstr, "cluster", lcksz)) {
+			DMERR("locking type \"%s\" not yet implemented",
+			      lckstr);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		} else {
+			DMERR("unknown locking type \"%s\"", lckstr);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	*locking_parms = 0;
+	*locking_type = &locking_none;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* Set backing device read ahead properties of RAID set. */
+static void rs_set_read_ahead(struct raid_set *rs,
+			      unsigned sectors, unsigned stripes)
+{
+	unsigned ra_pages = dm_div_up(sectors, SECTORS_PER_PAGE);
+	struct mapped_device *md = dm_table_get_md(rs->ti->table);
+	struct backing_dev_info *bdi = &dm_disk(md)->queue->backing_dev_info;
+
+	/* Set read-ahead for the RAID set and the component devices. */
+	if (ra_pages) {
+		unsigned p = rs->set.raid_devs;
+
+		bdi->ra_pages = stripes * ra_pages * rs->set.data_devs;
+
+		while (p--) {
+			struct request_queue *q =
+				bdev_get_queue(rs->dev[p].dev->bdev);
+
+			q->backing_dev_info.ra_pages = ra_pages;
+		}
+	}
+
+	dm_put(md);
+}
+
+/* Set congested function. */
+static void rs_set_congested_fn(struct raid_set *rs)
+{
+	struct mapped_device *md = dm_table_get_md(rs->ti->table);
+	struct backing_dev_info *bdi = &dm_disk(md)->queue->backing_dev_info;
+
+	/* Set congested function and data. */
+	bdi->congested_fn = rs_congested;
+	bdi->congested_data = rs;
+	dm_put(md);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Construct a RAID4/5 mapping:
+ *
+ * log_type #log_params <log_params> \
+ * raid_type [#parity_dev] #raid_variable_params <raid_params> \
+ * [locking "none"/"cluster"]
+ * #raid_devs #dev_to_initialize [<dev_path> <offset>]{3,}
+ *
+ * log_type = "core"/"disk",
+ * #log_params = 1-3 (1-2 for core dirty log type, 3 for disk dirty log only)
+ * log_params = [dirty_log_path] region_size [[no]sync])
+ *
+ * raid_type = "raid4", "raid5_la", "raid5_ra", "raid5_ls", "raid5_rs"
+ *
+ * #parity_dev = N if raid_type = "raid4"
+ * o N = -1: pick default = last device
+ * o N >= 0 and < #raid_devs: parity device index
+ *
+ * #raid_variable_params = 0-7; raid_params (-1 = default):
+ *   [chunk_size [#stripes [io_size [recover_io_size \
+ *    [%recovery_bandwidth [recovery_switch [#recovery_stripes]]]]]]]
+ *   o chunk_size (unit to calculate drive addresses; must be 2^^n, > 8
+ *     and <= CHUNK_SIZE_MAX)
+ *   o #stripes is number of stripes allocated to stripe cache
+ *     (must be > 1 and < STRIPES_MAX)
+ *   o io_size (io unit size per device in sectors; must be 2^^n and > 8)
+ *   o recover_io_size (io unit size per device for recovery in sectors;
+ must be 2^^n, > SECTORS_PER_PAGE and <= region_size)
+ *   o %recovery_bandwith is the maximum amount spend for recovery during
+ *     application io (1-100%)
+ *   o recovery switch = [sync|nosync]
+ *   o #recovery_stripes is the number of recovery stripes used for
+ *     parallel recovery of the RAID set
+ * If raid_variable_params = 0, defaults will be used.
+ * Any raid_variable_param can be set to -1 to apply a default
+ *
+ * #raid_devs = N (N >= 3)
+ *
+ * #dev_to_initialize = N
+ * -1: initialize parity on all devices
+ * >= 0 and < #raid_devs: initialize raid_path; used to force reconstruction
+ * of a failed devices content after replacement
+ *
+ * <dev_path> = device_path (eg, /dev/sdd1)
+ * <offset>   = begin at offset on <dev_path>
+ *
+ */
+#define	MIN_PARMS	13
+static int raid_ctr(struct dm_target *ti, unsigned argc, char **argv)
+{
+	int dev_to_init, dl_parms, i, locking_parms,
+	    parity_parm, pi = -1, r, raid_devs;
+	unsigned speed;
+	sector_t tmp, sectors_per_dev;
+	struct dm_raid45_locking_type *locking;
+	struct raid_set *rs;
+	struct raid_type *raid_type;
+	struct variable_parms parms;
+
+	/* Ensure minimum number of parameters. */
+	if (argc < MIN_PARMS)
+		TI_ERR("Not enough parameters");
+
+	/* Fetch # of dirty log parameters. */
+	if (sscanf(argv[1], "%d", &dl_parms) != 1 ||
+	    !range_ok(dl_parms, 1, 4711)) /* ;-) */
+		TI_ERR("Bad dirty log parameters number");
+
+	/* Check raid_type. */
+	raid_type = get_raid_type(argv[dl_parms + 2]);
+	if (!raid_type)
+		TI_ERR("Bad raid type");
+
+	/* In case of RAID4, parity drive is selectable. */
+	parity_parm = !!(raid_type->level == raid4);
+
+	/* Handle variable number of RAID parameters. */
+	r = get_raid_variable_parms(ti, argv + dl_parms + parity_parm + 3,
+				    &parms);
+	if (r)
+		return r;
+
+	/* Handle any locking parameters. */
+	r = get_raid_locking_parms(ti,
+				   argv + dl_parms + parity_parm +
+				   parms.raid_parms + 4,
+				   &locking_parms, &locking);
+	if (r)
+		return r;
+
+	/* # of raid devices. */
+	i = dl_parms + parity_parm + parms.raid_parms + locking_parms + 4;
+	if (sscanf(argv[i], "%d", &raid_devs) != 1 ||
+	    raid_devs < raid_type->minimal_devs)
+		TI_ERR("Invalid number of raid devices");
+
+	/* In case of RAID4, check parity drive index is in limits. */
+	if (raid_type->level == raid4) {
+		/* Fetch index of parity device. */
+		if (sscanf(argv[dl_parms + 3], "%d", &pi) != 1 ||
+		    (pi != -1 && !range_ok(pi, 0, raid_devs - 1)))
+			TI_ERR("Invalid RAID4 parity device index");
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Index of device to initialize starts at 0
+	 *
+	 * o -1 -> don't initialize a selected device;
+	 *         initialize parity conforming to algorithm
+	 * o 0..raid_devs-1 -> initialize respective device
+	 *   (used for reconstruction of a replaced device)
+	 */
+	if (sscanf(argv[dl_parms + parity_parm + parms.raid_parms +
+		   locking_parms + 5], "%d", &dev_to_init) != 1 ||
+	    !range_ok(dev_to_init, -1, raid_devs - 1))
+		TI_ERR("Invalid number for raid device to initialize");
+
+	/* Check # of raid device arguments. */
+	if (argc - dl_parms - parity_parm - parms.raid_parms - 6 !=
+	    2 * raid_devs)
+		TI_ERR("Wrong number of raid device/offset arguments");
+
+	/*
+	 * Check that the table length is devisable
+	 * w/o rest by (raid_devs - parity_devs)
+	 */
+	if (!multiple(ti->len, raid_devs - raid_type->parity_devs,
+		      &sectors_per_dev))
+		TI_ERR("Target length not divisible by number of data devices");
+
+	/*
+	 * Check that the device size is
+	 * devisable w/o rest by chunk size
+	 */
+	if (!multiple(sectors_per_dev, parms.chunk_size, &tmp))
+		TI_ERR("Device length not divisible by chunk_size");
+
+	/****************************************************************
+	 * Now that we checked the constructor arguments ->
+	 * let's allocate the RAID set
+	 ****************************************************************/
+	rs = context_alloc(raid_type, &parms, raid_devs, sectors_per_dev,
+			   ti, dl_parms, argv);
+	if (IS_ERR(rs))
+		return PTR_ERR(rs);
+
+
+	rs->set.dev_to_init = rs->set.dev_to_init_parm = dev_to_init;
+	rs->set.pi = rs->set.pi_parm = pi;
+
+	/* Set RAID4 parity drive index. */
+	if (raid_type->level == raid4)
+		rs->set.pi = (pi == -1) ? rs->set.data_devs : pi;
+
+	recover_set_bandwidth(rs, parms.bandwidth);
+
+	/* Use locking type to lock stripe access. */
+	rs->locking = locking;
+
+	/* Get the device/offset tupels. */
+	argv += dl_parms + 6 + parity_parm + parms.raid_parms;
+	r = dev_parms(rs, argv, &i);
+	if (r)
+		goto err;
+
+	/* Set backing device information (eg. read ahead). */
+	rs_set_read_ahead(rs, 2 * rs->set.chunk_size, 4 /* stripes */);
+	rs_set_congested_fn(rs); /* Set congested function. */
+	SetRSCheckOverwrite(rs); /* Allow chunk overwrite checks. */
+	speed = xor_optimize(rs); /* Select best xor algorithm. */
+
+	/* Set for recovery of any nosync regions. */
+	if (parms.recovery)
+		SetRSRecover(rs);
+	else {
+		/*
+		 * Need to free recovery stripe(s) here in case
+		 * of nosync, because xor_optimize uses one.
+		 */
+		set_start_recovery(rs);
+		set_end_recovery(rs);
+		stripe_recover_free(rs);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Make sure that dm core only hands maximum io size
+	 * length down and pays attention to io boundaries.
+	 */
+	ti->split_io = rs->set.io_size;
+	ti->private = rs;
+
+	/* Initialize work queue to handle this RAID set's io. */
+	r = rs_workqueue_init(rs);
+	if (r)
+		goto err;
+
+	rs_log(rs, speed); /* Log information about RAID set. */
+	return 0;
+
+err:
+	context_free(rs, i);
+	return r;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Destruct a raid mapping
+ */
+static void raid_dtr(struct dm_target *ti)
+{
+	struct raid_set *rs = ti->private;
+
+	destroy_workqueue(rs->io.wq);
+	context_free(rs, rs->set.raid_devs);
+}
+
+/* Raid mapping function. */
+static int raid_map(struct dm_target *ti, struct bio *bio,
+		    union map_info *map_context)
+{
+	/* I don't want to waste stripe cache capacity. */
+	if (bio_rw(bio) == READA)
+		return -EIO;
+	else {
+		struct raid_set *rs = ti->private;
+
+		/*
+		 * Get io reference to be waiting for to drop
+		 * to zero on device suspension/destruction.
+		 */
+		io_get(rs);
+		bio->bi_sector -= ti->begin;	/* Remap sector. */
+
+		/* Queue io to RAID set. */
+		mutex_lock(&rs->io.in_lock);
+		bio_list_add(&rs->io.in, bio);
+		mutex_unlock(&rs->io.in_lock);
+
+		/* Wake daemon to process input list. */
+		wake_do_raid(rs);
+
+		/* REMOVEME: statistics. */
+		atomic_inc(rs->stats + (bio_data_dir(bio) == READ ?
+				        S_BIOS_READ : S_BIOS_WRITE));
+		return DM_MAPIO_SUBMITTED;	/* Handle later. */
+	}
+}
+
+/* Device suspend. */
+static void raid_presuspend(struct dm_target *ti)
+{
+	struct raid_set *rs = ti->private;
+	struct dm_dirty_log *dl = rs->recover.dl;
+
+	SetRSSuspend(rs);
+
+	if (RSRecover(rs))
+		dm_rh_stop_recovery(rs->recover.rh);
+
+	cancel_delayed_work(&rs->io.dws_do_raid);
+	flush_workqueue(rs->io.wq);
+	wait_ios(rs);	/* Wait for completion of all ios being processed. */
+
+	if (dl->type->presuspend && dl->type->presuspend(dl))
+		/* FIXME: need better error handling. */
+		DMWARN("log presuspend failed");
+}
+
+static void raid_postsuspend(struct dm_target *ti)
+{
+	struct raid_set *rs = ti->private;
+	struct dm_dirty_log *dl = rs->recover.dl;
+
+	if (dl->type->postsuspend && dl->type->postsuspend(dl))
+		/* FIXME: need better error handling. */
+		DMWARN("log postsuspend failed");
+
+}
+
+/* Device resume. */
+static void raid_resume(struct dm_target *ti)
+{
+	struct raid_set *rs = ti->private;
+	struct recover *rec = &rs->recover;
+	struct dm_dirty_log *dl = rec->dl;
+
+	if (dl->type->resume && dl->type->resume(dl))
+		/* Resume dirty log. */
+		/* FIXME: need better error handling. */
+		DMWARN("log resume failed");
+
+	rec->nr_regions_to_recover =
+		rec->nr_regions - dl->type->get_sync_count(dl);
+
+	/* Restart any unfinished recovery. */
+	if (RSRecover(rs)) {
+		set_start_recovery(rs);
+		dm_rh_start_recovery(rec->rh);
+	}
+
+	ClearRSSuspend(rs);
+	wake_do_raid(rs);
+}
+
+/* Return stripe cache size. */
+static unsigned sc_size(struct raid_set *rs)
+{
+	return to_sector(atomic_read(&rs->sc.stripes) *
+			 (sizeof(struct stripe) +
+			  (sizeof(struct stripe_chunk) +
+			   (sizeof(struct page_list) +
+			    to_bytes(rs->set.io_size) *
+			    rs->set.raid_devs)) +
+			  (rs->recover.end_jiffies ?
+			   0 : rs->recover.recovery_stripes *
+			   to_bytes(rs->set.raid_devs * rs->recover.io_size))));
+}
+
+/* REMOVEME: status output for development. */
+static void raid_devel_stats(struct dm_target *ti, char *result,
+			     unsigned *size, unsigned maxlen)
+{
+	unsigned sz = *size;
+	unsigned long j;
+	char buf[BDEVNAME_SIZE], *p;
+	struct stats_map *sm;
+	struct raid_set *rs = ti->private;
+	struct recover *rec = &rs->recover;
+	struct timespec ts;
+
+	DMEMIT("%s %s %u\n", version, rs->xor.f->name, rs->xor.chunks);
+	DMEMIT("act_ios=%d ", io_ref(rs));
+	DMEMIT("act_ios_max=%d\n", atomic_read(&rs->io.in_process_max));
+	DMEMIT("act_stripes=%d ", sc_active(&rs->sc));
+	DMEMIT("act_stripes_max=%d\n",
+	       atomic_read(&rs->sc.active_stripes_max));
+
+	for (sm = stats_map; sm < ARRAY_END(stats_map); sm++)
+		DMEMIT("%s%d", sm->str, atomic_read(rs->stats + sm->type));
+
+	DMEMIT(" checkovr=%s\n", RSCheckOverwrite(rs) ? "on" : "off");
+	DMEMIT("sc=%u/%u/%u/%u/%u/%u/%u\n", rs->set.chunk_size,
+	       atomic_read(&rs->sc.stripes), rs->set.io_size,
+	       rec->recovery_stripes, rec->io_size, rs->sc.hash.buckets,
+	       sc_size(rs));
+
+	j = (rec->end_jiffies ? rec->end_jiffies : jiffies) -
+	    rec->start_jiffies;
+	jiffies_to_timespec(j, &ts);
+	sprintf(buf, "%ld.%ld", ts.tv_sec, ts.tv_nsec);
+	p = strchr(buf, '.');
+	p[3] = 0;
+
+	DMEMIT("rg=%llu/%llu/%llu/%u %s\n",
+	       (unsigned long long) rec->nr_regions_recovered,
+	       (unsigned long long) rec->nr_regions_to_recover,
+	       (unsigned long long) rec->nr_regions, rec->bandwidth, buf);
+
+	*size = sz;
+}
+
+static int raid_status(struct dm_target *ti, status_type_t type,
+		       char *result, unsigned maxlen)
+{
+	unsigned p, sz = 0;
+	char buf[BDEVNAME_SIZE];
+	struct raid_set *rs = ti->private;
+	int raid_parms[] = {
+		rs->set.chunk_size_parm,
+		rs->sc.stripes_parm,
+		rs->set.io_size_parm,
+		rs->recover.io_size_parm,
+		rs->recover.bandwidth_parm,
+		-2,
+		rs->recover.recovery_stripes,
+	};
+
+	switch (type) {
+	case STATUSTYPE_INFO:
+		/* REMOVEME: statistics. */
+		if (RSDevelStats(rs))
+			raid_devel_stats(ti, result, &sz, maxlen);
+
+		DMEMIT("%u ", rs->set.raid_devs);
+
+		for (p = 0; p < rs->set.raid_devs; p++)
+			DMEMIT("%s ",
+			       format_dev_t(buf, rs->dev[p].dev->bdev->bd_dev));
+
+		DMEMIT("1 ");
+		for (p = 0; p < rs->set.raid_devs; p++) {
+			DMEMIT("%c", !DevFailed(rs->dev + p) ? 'A' : 'D');
+
+			if (p == rs->set.pi)
+				DMEMIT("p");
+
+			if (rs->set.dev_to_init == p)
+				DMEMIT("i");
+		}
+
+		break;
+	case STATUSTYPE_TABLE:
+		sz = rs->recover.dl->type->status(rs->recover.dl, type,
+						  result, maxlen);
+		DMEMIT("%s %u ", rs->set.raid_type->name,
+		       rs->set.raid_parms);
+
+		for (p = 0; p < rs->set.raid_parms; p++) {
+			if (raid_parms[p] > -2)
+				DMEMIT("%d ", raid_parms[p]);
+			else
+				DMEMIT("%s ", rs->recover.recovery ?
+					      "sync" : "nosync");
+		}
+
+		DMEMIT("%u %d ", rs->set.raid_devs, rs->set.dev_to_init);
+
+		for (p = 0; p < rs->set.raid_devs; p++)
+			DMEMIT("%s %llu ",
+			       format_dev_t(buf, rs->dev[p].dev->bdev->bd_dev),
+			       (unsigned long long) rs->dev[p].start);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Message interface
+ */
+enum raid_msg_actions {
+	act_bw,			/* Recovery bandwidth switch. */
+	act_dev,		/* Device failure switch. */
+	act_overwrite,		/* Stripe overwrite check. */
+	act_stats,		/* Development statistics switch. */
+	act_sc,			/* Stripe cache switch. */
+
+	act_on,			/* Set entity on. */
+	act_off,		/* Set entity off. */
+	act_reset,		/* Reset entity. */
+
+	act_set = act_on,	/* Set # absolute. */
+	act_grow = act_off,	/* Grow # by an amount. */
+	act_shrink = act_reset,	/* Shrink # by an amount. */
+};
+
+/* Turn a delta into an absolute value. */
+static int _absolute(unsigned long action, int act, int r)
+{
+	/* Make delta absolute. */
+	if (test_bit(act_set, &action))
+		;
+	else if (test_bit(act_grow, &action))
+		r += act;
+	else if (test_bit(act_shrink, &action))
+		r = act - r;
+	else
+		r = -EINVAL;
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+ /* Change recovery io bandwidth. */
+static int bandwidth_change(struct dm_msg *msg, void *context)
+{
+	struct raid_set *rs = context;
+	int act = rs->recover.bandwidth;
+	int bandwidth = DM_MSG_INT_ARG(msg);
+
+	if (range_ok(bandwidth, BANDWIDTH_MIN, BANDWIDTH_MAX)) {
+		/* Make delta bandwidth absolute. */
+		bandwidth = _absolute(msg->action, act, bandwidth);
+
+		/* Check range. */
+		if (range_ok(bandwidth, BANDWIDTH_MIN, BANDWIDTH_MAX)) {
+			recover_set_bandwidth(rs, bandwidth);
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	set_bit(dm_msg_ret_arg, &msg->ret);
+	set_bit(dm_msg_ret_inval, &msg->ret);
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+/* Set/reset development feature flags. */
+static int devel_flags(struct dm_msg *msg, void *context)
+{
+	struct raid_set *rs = context;
+
+	if (test_bit(act_on, &msg->action))
+		return test_and_set_bit(msg->spec->parm,
+					&rs->io.flags) ? -EPERM : 0;
+	else if (test_bit(act_off, &msg->action))
+		return test_and_clear_bit(msg->spec->parm,
+					  &rs->io.flags) ? 0 : -EPERM;
+	else if (test_bit(act_reset, &msg->action)) {
+		if (test_bit(act_stats, &msg->action)) {
+			stats_reset(rs);
+			goto on;
+		} else if (test_bit(act_overwrite, &msg->action)) {
+on:
+			set_bit(msg->spec->parm, &rs->io.flags);
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+/* Resize the stripe cache. */
+static int sc_resize(struct dm_msg *msg, void *context)
+{
+	int act, stripes;
+	struct raid_set *rs = context;
+
+	/* Deny permission in case the daemon is still resizing!. */
+	if (atomic_read(&rs->sc.stripes_to_set))
+		return -EPERM;
+
+	stripes = DM_MSG_INT_ARG(msg);
+	if (stripes > 0) {
+		act = atomic_read(&rs->sc.stripes);
+
+		/* Make delta stripes absolute. */
+		stripes = _absolute(msg->action, act, stripes);
+
+		/*
+		 * Check range and that the # of stripes changes.
+		 * We leave the resizing to the wroker.
+		 */
+		if (range_ok(stripes, STRIPES_MIN, STRIPES_MAX) &&
+		    stripes != atomic_read(&rs->sc.stripes)) {
+			atomic_set(&rs->sc.stripes_to_set, stripes);
+			wake_do_raid(rs);
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	set_bit(dm_msg_ret_arg, &msg->ret);
+	set_bit(dm_msg_ret_inval, &msg->ret);
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+/* Parse the RAID message action. */
+/*
+ * 'ba[ndwidth] {se[t],g[row],sh[rink]} #'	# e.g 'ba se 50'
+ * "o[verwrite]  {on,of[f],r[eset]}'		# e.g. 'o of'
+ * 'sta[tistics] {on,of[f],r[eset]}'		# e.g. 'stat of'
+ * 'str[ipecache] {se[t],g[row],sh[rink]} #'	# e.g. 'stripe set 1024'
+ *
+ */
+static int raid_message(struct dm_target *ti, unsigned argc, char **argv)
+{
+	/* Variables to store the parsed parameters im. */
+	static int i[2];
+	static unsigned long *i_arg[] = {
+		(unsigned long *) i + 0,
+		(unsigned long *) i + 1,
+	};
+
+	/* Declare all message option strings. */
+	static char *str_sgs[] = { "set", "grow", "shrink" };
+	static char *str_oor[] = { "on", "off", "reset" };
+
+	/* Declare all actions. */
+	static unsigned long act_sgs[] = { act_set, act_grow, act_shrink };
+	static unsigned long act_oor[] = { act_on, act_off, act_reset };
+
+	/* Bandwidth option. */
+	static struct dm_message_option bw_opt = { 3, str_sgs, act_sgs };
+	static struct dm_message_argument bw_args = {
+		1, i_arg, { dm_msg_int_t }
+	};
+
+	static struct dm_message_argument null_args = {
+		0, NULL, { dm_msg_int_t }
+	};
+
+	/* Overwrite and statistics option. */
+	static struct dm_message_option ovr_stats_opt = { 3, str_oor, act_oor };
+
+	/* Sripecache option. */
+	static struct dm_message_option stripe_opt = { 3, str_sgs, act_sgs };
+
+	/* Declare messages. */
+	static struct dm_msg_spec specs[] = {
+		{ "bandwidth", act_bw, &bw_opt, &bw_args,
+		  0, bandwidth_change },
+		{ "overwrite", act_overwrite, &ovr_stats_opt, &null_args,
+		  RS_CHECK_OVERWRITE, devel_flags },
+		{ "statistics", act_stats, &ovr_stats_opt, &null_args,
+		  RS_DEVEL_STATS, devel_flags },
+		{ "stripecache", act_sc, &stripe_opt, &bw_args,
+		  0, sc_resize },
+	};
+
+	/* The message for the parser. */
+	struct dm_msg msg = {
+		.num_specs = ARRAY_SIZE(specs),
+		.specs = specs,
+	};
+
+	return dm_message_parse(TARGET, &msg, ti->private, argc, argv);
+}
+/*
+ * END message interface
+ */
+
+static struct target_type raid_target = {
+	.name = "raid45",
+	.version = {1, 0, 0},
+	.module = THIS_MODULE,
+	.ctr = raid_ctr,
+	.dtr = raid_dtr,
+	.map = raid_map,
+	.presuspend = raid_presuspend,
+	.postsuspend = raid_postsuspend,
+	.resume = raid_resume,
+	.status = raid_status,
+	.message = raid_message,
+};
+
+static void init_exit(const char *bad_msg, const char *good_msg, int r)
+{
+	if (r)
+		DMERR("Failed to %sregister target [%d]", bad_msg, r);
+	else
+		DMINFO("%s %s", good_msg, version);
+}
+
+static int __init dm_raid_init(void)
+{
+	int r = dm_register_target(&raid_target);
+
+	init_exit("", "initialized", r);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static void __exit dm_raid_exit(void)
+{
+	dm_unregister_target(&raid_target);
+	init_exit("un", "exit", 0);
+}
+
+/* Module hooks. */
+module_init(dm_raid_init);
+module_exit(dm_raid_exit);
+
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION(DM_NAME " raid4/5 target");
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Heinz Mauelshagen <hjm@redhat.com>");
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
+MODULE_ALIAS("dm-raid4");
+MODULE_ALIAS("dm-raid5");
diff --git a/ubuntu/dm-raid4-5/dm-raid4-5.h b/ubuntu/dm-raid4-5/dm-raid4-5.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a0fe7c0621fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/dm-raid4-5/dm-raid4-5.h
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2006  Red Hat GmbH
+ *
+ * Module Author: Heinz Mauelshagen (Mauelshagen@RedHat.com)
+ *
+ * This file is released under the GPL.
+ *
+ */
+
+#ifndef _DM_RAID45_H
+#define _DM_RAID45_H
+
+/* Factor out to dm.h! */
+#define	STR_LEN(ptr, str) ptr, str, strlen(ptr)
+
+enum lock_type { RAID45_EX, RAID45_SHARED };
+
+struct dmraid45_locking_type {
+        /* Request a lock on a stripe. */
+        void* (*lock)(sector_t key, enum lock_type type);
+
+        /* Release a lock on a stripe. */
+        void (*unlock)(void *lock_handle);
+
+};
+
+#endif
diff --git a/ubuntu/dm-raid4-5/dm-raid45.h b/ubuntu/dm-raid4-5/dm-raid45.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..786ba7af6425
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/dm-raid4-5/dm-raid45.h
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Module Author: Heinz Mauelshagen (Mauelshagen@RedHat.com)
+ *
+ * Locking definitions for the device-mapper RAID45 target.
+ *
+ * This file is released under the GPL.
+ *
+ */
+
+#ifndef _DM_RAID45_H
+#define _DM_RAID45_H
+
+/* Factor out to dm.h! */
+#define	STR_LEN(ptr, str)	(ptr), (str), strlen((ptr))
+
+enum dm_lock_type { DM_RAID45_EX, DM_RAID45_SHARED };
+
+struct dm_raid45_locking_type {
+	/* Request a lock on a stripe. */
+	void* (*lock)(sector_t key, enum dm_lock_type type);
+
+	/* Release a lock on a stripe. */
+	void (*unlock)(void *lock_handle);
+};
+
+#endif
diff --git a/ubuntu/dm-raid4-5/dm-region-hash.c b/ubuntu/dm-raid4-5/dm-region-hash.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..59429f68d2b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/dm-raid4-5/dm-region-hash.c
@@ -0,0 +1,719 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2003 Sistina Software Limited.
+ * Copyright (C) 2004-2008 Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This file is released under the GPL.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/dm-dirty-log.h>
+#include "dm-region-hash.h"
+
+#include <linux/ctype.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
+
+#include "dm.h"
+
+#define	DM_MSG_PREFIX	"region hash"
+
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ * Region hash
+ *
+ * The mirror splits itself up into discrete regions.  Each
+ * region can be in one of three states: clean, dirty,
+ * nosync.  There is no need to put clean regions in the hash.
+ *
+ * In addition to being present in the hash table a region _may_
+ * be present on one of three lists.
+ *
+ *   clean_regions: Regions on this list have no io pending to
+ *   them, they are in sync, we are no longer interested in them,
+ *   they are dull.  dm_rh_update_states() will remove them from the
+ *   hash table.
+ *
+ *   quiesced_regions: These regions have been spun down, ready
+ *   for recovery.  rh_recovery_start() will remove regions from
+ *   this list and hand them to kmirrord, which will schedule the
+ *   recovery io with kcopyd.
+ *
+ *   recovered_regions: Regions that kcopyd has successfully
+ *   recovered.  dm_rh_update_states() will now schedule any delayed
+ *   io, up the recovery_count, and remove the region from the
+ *   hash.
+ *
+ * There are 2 locks:
+ *   A rw spin lock 'hash_lock' protects just the hash table,
+ *   this is never held in write mode from interrupt context,
+ *   which I believe means that we only have to disable irqs when
+ *   doing a write lock.
+ *
+ *   An ordinary spin lock 'region_lock' that protects the three
+ *   lists in the region_hash, with the 'state', 'list' and
+ *   'delayed_bios' fields of the regions.  This is used from irq
+ *   context, so all other uses will have to suspend local irqs.
+ *---------------------------------------------------------------*/
+struct dm_region_hash {
+	uint32_t region_size;
+	unsigned region_shift;
+
+	/* holds persistent region state */
+	struct dm_dirty_log *log;
+
+	/* hash table */
+	rwlock_t hash_lock;
+	mempool_t *region_pool;
+	unsigned mask;
+	unsigned nr_buckets;
+	unsigned prime;
+	unsigned shift;
+	struct list_head *buckets;
+
+	unsigned max_recovery; /* Max # of regions to recover in parallel */
+
+	spinlock_t region_lock;
+	atomic_t recovery_in_flight;
+	struct semaphore recovery_count;
+	struct list_head clean_regions;
+	struct list_head quiesced_regions;
+	struct list_head recovered_regions;
+	struct list_head failed_recovered_regions;
+
+	void *context;
+	sector_t target_begin;
+
+	/* Callback function to schedule bios writes */
+	void (*dispatch_bios)(void *context, struct bio_list *bios);
+
+	/* Callback function to wakeup callers worker thread. */
+	void (*wakeup_workers)(void *context);
+
+	/* Callback function to wakeup callers recovery waiters. */
+	void (*wakeup_all_recovery_waiters)(void *context);
+};
+
+struct dm_region {
+	struct dm_region_hash *rh;	/* FIXME: can we get rid of this ? */
+	region_t key;
+	int state;
+
+	struct list_head hash_list;
+	struct list_head list;
+
+	atomic_t pending;
+	struct bio_list delayed_bios;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Conversion fns
+ */
+region_t dm_rh_sector_to_region(struct dm_region_hash *rh, sector_t sector)
+{
+	return sector >> rh->region_shift;
+}
+// EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_rh_sector_to_region);
+
+sector_t dm_rh_region_to_sector(struct dm_region_hash *rh, region_t region)
+{
+	return region << rh->region_shift;
+}
+// EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_rh_region_to_sector);
+
+region_t dm_rh_bio_to_region(struct dm_region_hash *rh, struct bio *bio)
+{
+	return dm_rh_sector_to_region(rh, bio->bi_sector - rh->target_begin);
+}
+// EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_rh_bio_to_region);
+
+void *dm_rh_region_context(struct dm_region *reg)
+{
+	return reg->rh->context;
+}
+// EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_rh_region_context);
+
+region_t dm_rh_get_region_key(struct dm_region *reg)
+{
+	return reg->key;
+}
+// EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_rh_get_region_key);
+
+sector_t dm_rh_get_region_size(struct dm_region_hash *rh)
+{
+	return rh->region_size;
+}
+// EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_rh_get_region_size);
+
+/*
+ * FIXME: shall we pass in a structure instead of all these args to
+ * dm_region_hash_create()????
+ */
+#define RH_HASH_MULT 2654435387U
+#define RH_HASH_SHIFT 12
+
+#define MIN_REGIONS 64
+struct dm_region_hash *dm_region_hash_create(
+		void *context, void (*dispatch_bios)(void *context,
+						     struct bio_list *bios),
+		void (*wakeup_workers)(void *context),
+		void (*wakeup_all_recovery_waiters)(void *context),
+		sector_t target_begin, unsigned max_recovery,
+		struct dm_dirty_log *log, uint32_t region_size,
+		region_t nr_regions)
+{
+	struct dm_region_hash *rh;
+	unsigned nr_buckets, max_buckets;
+	size_t i;
+
+	/*
+	 * Calculate a suitable number of buckets for our hash
+	 * table.
+	 */
+	max_buckets = nr_regions >> 6;
+	for (nr_buckets = 128u; nr_buckets < max_buckets; nr_buckets <<= 1)
+		;
+	nr_buckets >>= 1;
+
+	rh = kmalloc(sizeof(*rh), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!rh) {
+		DMERR("unable to allocate region hash memory");
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+	}
+
+	rh->context = context;
+	rh->dispatch_bios = dispatch_bios;
+	rh->wakeup_workers = wakeup_workers;
+	rh->wakeup_all_recovery_waiters = wakeup_all_recovery_waiters;
+	rh->target_begin = target_begin;
+	rh->max_recovery = max_recovery;
+	rh->log = log;
+	rh->region_size = region_size;
+	rh->region_shift = ffs(region_size) - 1;
+	rwlock_init(&rh->hash_lock);
+	rh->mask = nr_buckets - 1;
+	rh->nr_buckets = nr_buckets;
+
+	rh->shift = RH_HASH_SHIFT;
+	rh->prime = RH_HASH_MULT;
+
+	rh->buckets = vmalloc(nr_buckets * sizeof(*rh->buckets));
+	if (!rh->buckets) {
+		DMERR("unable to allocate region hash bucket memory");
+		kfree(rh);
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_buckets; i++)
+		INIT_LIST_HEAD(rh->buckets + i);
+
+	spin_lock_init(&rh->region_lock);
+	sema_init(&rh->recovery_count, 0);
+	atomic_set(&rh->recovery_in_flight, 0);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rh->clean_regions);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rh->quiesced_regions);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rh->recovered_regions);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rh->failed_recovered_regions);
+
+	rh->region_pool = mempool_create_kmalloc_pool(MIN_REGIONS,
+						      sizeof(struct dm_region));
+	if (!rh->region_pool) {
+		vfree(rh->buckets);
+		kfree(rh);
+		rh = ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+	}
+
+	return rh;
+}
+// EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_region_hash_create);
+
+void dm_region_hash_destroy(struct dm_region_hash *rh)
+{
+	unsigned h;
+	struct dm_region *reg, *nreg;
+
+	BUG_ON(!list_empty(&rh->quiesced_regions));
+	for (h = 0; h < rh->nr_buckets; h++) {
+		list_for_each_entry_safe(reg, nreg, rh->buckets + h,
+					 hash_list) {
+			BUG_ON(atomic_read(&reg->pending));
+			mempool_free(reg, rh->region_pool);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (rh->log)
+		dm_dirty_log_destroy(rh->log);
+
+	if (rh->region_pool)
+		mempool_destroy(rh->region_pool);
+
+	vfree(rh->buckets);
+	kfree(rh);
+}
+// EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_region_hash_destroy);
+
+struct dm_dirty_log *dm_rh_dirty_log(struct dm_region_hash *rh)
+{
+	return rh->log;
+}
+// EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_rh_dirty_log);
+
+static unsigned rh_hash(struct dm_region_hash *rh, region_t region)
+{
+	return (unsigned) ((region * rh->prime) >> rh->shift) & rh->mask;
+}
+
+static struct dm_region *__rh_lookup(struct dm_region_hash *rh, region_t region)
+{
+	struct dm_region *reg;
+	struct list_head *bucket = rh->buckets + rh_hash(rh, region);
+
+	list_for_each_entry(reg, bucket, hash_list)
+		if (reg->key == region)
+			return reg;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static void __rh_insert(struct dm_region_hash *rh, struct dm_region *reg)
+{
+	list_add(&reg->hash_list, rh->buckets + rh_hash(rh, reg->key));
+}
+
+static struct dm_region *__rh_alloc(struct dm_region_hash *rh, region_t region)
+{
+	struct dm_region *reg, *nreg;
+
+	nreg = mempool_alloc(rh->region_pool, GFP_ATOMIC);
+	if (unlikely(!nreg))
+		nreg = kmalloc(sizeof(*nreg), GFP_NOIO | __GFP_NOFAIL);
+
+	nreg->state = rh->log->type->in_sync(rh->log, region, 1) ?
+		      DM_RH_CLEAN : DM_RH_NOSYNC;
+	nreg->rh = rh;
+	nreg->key = region;
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&nreg->list);
+	atomic_set(&nreg->pending, 0);
+	bio_list_init(&nreg->delayed_bios);
+
+	write_lock_irq(&rh->hash_lock);
+	reg = __rh_lookup(rh, region);
+	if (reg)
+		/* We lost the race. */
+		mempool_free(nreg, rh->region_pool);
+	else {
+		__rh_insert(rh, nreg);
+		if (nreg->state == DM_RH_CLEAN) {
+			spin_lock(&rh->region_lock);
+			list_add(&nreg->list, &rh->clean_regions);
+			spin_unlock(&rh->region_lock);
+		}
+
+		reg = nreg;
+	}
+	write_unlock_irq(&rh->hash_lock);
+
+	return reg;
+}
+
+static struct dm_region *__rh_find(struct dm_region_hash *rh, region_t region)
+{
+	struct dm_region *reg;
+
+	reg = __rh_lookup(rh, region);
+	if (!reg) {
+		read_unlock(&rh->hash_lock);
+		reg = __rh_alloc(rh, region);
+		read_lock(&rh->hash_lock);
+	}
+
+	return reg;
+}
+
+int dm_rh_get_state(struct dm_region_hash *rh, region_t region, int may_block)
+{
+	int r;
+	struct dm_region *reg;
+
+	read_lock(&rh->hash_lock);
+	reg = __rh_lookup(rh, region);
+	read_unlock(&rh->hash_lock);
+
+	if (reg)
+		return reg->state;
+
+	/*
+	 * The region wasn't in the hash, so we fall back to the
+	 * dirty log.
+	 */
+	r = rh->log->type->in_sync(rh->log, region, may_block);
+
+	/*
+	 * Any error from the dirty log (eg. -EWOULDBLOCK) gets
+	 * taken as a DM_RH_NOSYNC
+	 */
+	return r == 1 ? DM_RH_CLEAN : DM_RH_NOSYNC;
+}
+// EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_rh_get_state);
+
+static void complete_resync_work(struct dm_region *reg, int success)
+{
+	struct dm_region_hash *rh = reg->rh;
+
+	rh->log->type->set_region_sync(rh->log, reg->key, success);
+
+	/*
+	 * Dispatch the bios before we call 'wake_up_all'.
+	 * This is important because if we are suspending,
+	 * we want to know that recovery is complete and
+	 * the work queue is flushed.  If we wake_up_all
+	 * before we dispatch_bios (queue bios and call wake()),
+	 * then we risk suspending before the work queue
+	 * has been properly flushed.
+	 */
+	rh->dispatch_bios(rh->context, &reg->delayed_bios);
+	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&rh->recovery_in_flight))
+		rh->wakeup_all_recovery_waiters(rh->context);
+	up(&rh->recovery_count);
+}
+
+/* dm_rh_mark_nosync
+ * @ms
+ * @bio
+ * @done
+ * @error
+ *
+ * The bio was written on some mirror(s) but failed on other mirror(s).
+ * We can successfully endio the bio but should avoid the region being
+ * marked clean by setting the state DM_RH_NOSYNC.
+ *
+ * This function is _not_ safe in interrupt context!
+ */
+void dm_rh_mark_nosync(struct dm_region_hash *rh,
+		       struct bio *bio, unsigned done, int error)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+	struct dm_dirty_log *log = rh->log;
+	struct dm_region *reg;
+	region_t region = dm_rh_bio_to_region(rh, bio);
+	int recovering = 0;
+
+	/* We must inform the log that the sync count has changed. */
+	log->type->set_region_sync(log, region, 0);
+
+	read_lock(&rh->hash_lock);
+	reg = __rh_find(rh, region);
+	read_unlock(&rh->hash_lock);
+
+	/* region hash entry should exist because write was in-flight */
+	BUG_ON(!reg);
+	BUG_ON(!list_empty(&reg->list));
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&rh->region_lock, flags);
+	/*
+	 * Possible cases:
+	 *   1) DM_RH_DIRTY
+	 *   2) DM_RH_NOSYNC: was dirty, other preceeding writes failed
+	 *   3) DM_RH_RECOVERING: flushing pending writes
+	 * Either case, the region should have not been connected to list.
+	 */
+	recovering = (reg->state == DM_RH_RECOVERING);
+	reg->state = DM_RH_NOSYNC;
+	BUG_ON(!list_empty(&reg->list));
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rh->region_lock, flags);
+
+	bio_endio(bio, error);
+	if (recovering)
+		complete_resync_work(reg, 0);
+}
+// EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_rh_mark_nosync);
+
+void dm_rh_update_states(struct dm_region_hash *rh, int errors_handled)
+{
+	struct dm_region *reg, *next;
+
+	LIST_HEAD(clean);
+	LIST_HEAD(recovered);
+	LIST_HEAD(failed_recovered);
+
+	/*
+	 * Quickly grab the lists.
+	 */
+	write_lock_irq(&rh->hash_lock);
+	spin_lock(&rh->region_lock);
+	if (!list_empty(&rh->clean_regions)) {
+		list_splice_init(&rh->clean_regions, &clean);
+
+		list_for_each_entry(reg, &clean, list)
+			list_del(&reg->hash_list);
+	}
+
+	if (!list_empty(&rh->recovered_regions)) {
+		list_splice_init(&rh->recovered_regions, &recovered);
+
+		list_for_each_entry(reg, &recovered, list)
+			list_del(&reg->hash_list);
+	}
+
+	if (!list_empty(&rh->failed_recovered_regions)) {
+		list_splice_init(&rh->failed_recovered_regions,
+				 &failed_recovered);
+
+		list_for_each_entry(reg, &failed_recovered, list)
+			list_del(&reg->hash_list);
+	}
+
+	spin_unlock(&rh->region_lock);
+	write_unlock_irq(&rh->hash_lock);
+
+	/*
+	 * All the regions on the recovered and clean lists have
+	 * now been pulled out of the system, so no need to do
+	 * any more locking.
+	 */
+	list_for_each_entry_safe(reg, next, &recovered, list) {
+		rh->log->type->clear_region(rh->log, reg->key);
+		complete_resync_work(reg, 1);
+		mempool_free(reg, rh->region_pool);
+	}
+
+	list_for_each_entry_safe(reg, next, &failed_recovered, list) {
+		complete_resync_work(reg, errors_handled ? 0 : 1);
+		mempool_free(reg, rh->region_pool);
+	}
+
+	list_for_each_entry_safe(reg, next, &clean, list) {
+		rh->log->type->clear_region(rh->log, reg->key);
+		mempool_free(reg, rh->region_pool);
+	}
+
+	rh->log->type->flush(rh->log);
+}
+// EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_rh_update_states);
+
+void dm_rh_inc(struct dm_region_hash *rh, region_t region)
+{
+	struct dm_region *reg;
+
+	read_lock(&rh->hash_lock);
+	reg = __rh_find(rh, region);
+
+	spin_lock_irq(&rh->region_lock);
+	atomic_inc(&reg->pending);
+
+	if (reg->state == DM_RH_CLEAN) {
+		reg->state = DM_RH_DIRTY;
+		list_del_init(&reg->list);	/* take off the clean list */
+		spin_unlock_irq(&rh->region_lock);
+
+		rh->log->type->mark_region(rh->log, reg->key);
+	} else
+		spin_unlock_irq(&rh->region_lock);
+
+
+	read_unlock(&rh->hash_lock);
+}
+// EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_rh_inc);
+
+void dm_rh_inc_pending(struct dm_region_hash *rh, struct bio_list *bios)
+{
+	struct bio *bio;
+
+	for (bio = bios->head; bio; bio = bio->bi_next)
+		dm_rh_inc(rh, dm_rh_bio_to_region(rh, bio));
+}
+// EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_rh_inc_pending);
+
+void dm_rh_dec(struct dm_region_hash *rh, region_t region)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+	struct dm_region *reg;
+	int should_wake = 0;
+
+	read_lock(&rh->hash_lock);
+	reg = __rh_lookup(rh, region);
+	read_unlock(&rh->hash_lock);
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&rh->region_lock, flags);
+	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&reg->pending)) {
+		/*
+		 * There is no pending I/O for this region.
+		 * We can move the region to corresponding list for next action.
+		 * At this point, the region is not yet connected to any list.
+		 *
+		 * If the state is DM_RH_NOSYNC, the region should be kept off
+		 * from clean list.
+		 * The hash entry for DM_RH_NOSYNC will remain in memory
+		 * until the region is recovered or the map is reloaded.
+		 */
+
+		/* do nothing for DM_RH_NOSYNC */
+		if (reg->state == DM_RH_RECOVERING) {
+			list_add_tail(&reg->list, &rh->quiesced_regions);
+		} else if (reg->state == DM_RH_DIRTY) {
+			reg->state = DM_RH_CLEAN;
+			list_add(&reg->list, &rh->clean_regions);
+		}
+		should_wake = 1;
+	}
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rh->region_lock, flags);
+
+	if (should_wake)
+		rh->wakeup_workers(rh->context);
+}
+// EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_rh_dec);
+
+/*
+ * Starts quiescing a region in preparation for recovery.
+ */
+static int __rh_recovery_prepare(struct dm_region_hash *rh)
+{
+	int r;
+	region_t region;
+	struct dm_region *reg;
+
+	/*
+	 * Ask the dirty log what's next.
+	 */
+	r = rh->log->type->get_resync_work(rh->log, &region);
+	if (r <= 0)
+		return r;
+
+	/*
+	 * Get this region, and start it quiescing by setting the
+	 * recovering flag.
+	 */
+	read_lock(&rh->hash_lock);
+	reg = __rh_find(rh, region);
+	read_unlock(&rh->hash_lock);
+
+	spin_lock_irq(&rh->region_lock);
+	reg->state = DM_RH_RECOVERING;
+
+	/* Already quiesced ? */
+	if (atomic_read(&reg->pending))
+		list_del_init(&reg->list);
+	else
+		list_move(&reg->list, &rh->quiesced_regions);
+
+	spin_unlock_irq(&rh->region_lock);
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+void dm_rh_recovery_prepare(struct dm_region_hash *rh)
+{
+	/* Extra reference to avoid race with dm_rh_stop_recovery */
+	atomic_inc(&rh->recovery_in_flight);
+
+	while (!down_trylock(&rh->recovery_count)) {
+		atomic_inc(&rh->recovery_in_flight);
+		if (__rh_recovery_prepare(rh) <= 0) {
+			atomic_dec(&rh->recovery_in_flight);
+			up(&rh->recovery_count);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Drop the extra reference */
+	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&rh->recovery_in_flight))
+		rh->wakeup_all_recovery_waiters(rh->context);
+}
+// EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_rh_recovery_prepare);
+
+/*
+ * Returns any quiesced regions.
+ */
+struct dm_region *dm_rh_recovery_start(struct dm_region_hash *rh)
+{
+	struct dm_region *reg = NULL;
+
+	spin_lock_irq(&rh->region_lock);
+	if (!list_empty(&rh->quiesced_regions)) {
+		reg = list_entry(rh->quiesced_regions.next,
+				 struct dm_region, list);
+		list_del_init(&reg->list);  /* remove from the quiesced list */
+	}
+	spin_unlock_irq(&rh->region_lock);
+
+	return reg;
+}
+// EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_rh_recovery_start);
+
+void dm_rh_recovery_end(struct dm_region *reg, int success)
+{
+	struct dm_region_hash *rh = reg->rh;
+
+	spin_lock_irq(&rh->region_lock);
+	if (success)
+		list_add(&reg->list, &reg->rh->recovered_regions);
+	else {
+		reg->state = DM_RH_NOSYNC;
+		list_add(&reg->list, &reg->rh->failed_recovered_regions);
+	}
+	spin_unlock_irq(&rh->region_lock);
+
+	rh->wakeup_workers(rh->context);
+}
+// EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_rh_recovery_end);
+
+/* Return recovery in flight count. */
+int dm_rh_recovery_in_flight(struct dm_region_hash *rh)
+{
+	return atomic_read(&rh->recovery_in_flight);
+}
+// EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_rh_recovery_in_flight);
+
+int dm_rh_flush(struct dm_region_hash *rh)
+{
+	return rh->log->type->flush(rh->log);
+}
+// EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_rh_flush);
+
+void dm_rh_delay(struct dm_region_hash *rh, struct bio *bio)
+{
+	struct dm_region *reg;
+
+	read_lock(&rh->hash_lock);
+	reg = __rh_find(rh, dm_rh_bio_to_region(rh, bio));
+	bio_list_add(&reg->delayed_bios, bio);
+	read_unlock(&rh->hash_lock);
+}
+// EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_rh_delay);
+
+void dm_rh_delay_by_region(struct dm_region_hash *rh,
+			   struct bio *bio, region_t region)
+{
+	struct dm_region *reg;
+
+	/* FIXME: locking. */
+	read_lock(&rh->hash_lock);
+	reg = __rh_find(rh, region);
+	bio_list_add(&reg->delayed_bios, bio);
+	read_unlock(&rh->hash_lock);
+}
+// EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_rh_delay_by_region);
+
+void dm_rh_stop_recovery(struct dm_region_hash *rh)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	/* wait for any recovering regions */
+	for (i = 0; i < rh->max_recovery; i++)
+		down(&rh->recovery_count);
+}
+// EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_rh_stop_recovery);
+
+void dm_rh_start_recovery(struct dm_region_hash *rh)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < rh->max_recovery; i++)
+		up(&rh->recovery_count);
+
+	rh->wakeup_workers(rh->context);
+}
+// EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_rh_start_recovery);
+
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION(DM_NAME " region hash");
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Joe Thornber/Heinz Mauelshagen <dm-devel@redhat.com>");
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
diff --git a/ubuntu/dm-raid4-5/dm-region-hash.h b/ubuntu/dm-raid4-5/dm-region-hash.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bfd21cb9f768
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/dm-raid4-5/dm-region-hash.h
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2003 Sistina Software Limited.
+ * Copyright (C) 2004-2008 Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Device-Mapper dirty region hash interface.
+ *
+ * This file is released under the GPL.
+ */
+
+#ifndef DM_REGION_HASH_H
+#define DM_REGION_HASH_H
+
+#include <linux/dm-dirty-log.h>
+
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ * Region hash
+ *----------------------------------------------------------------*/
+struct dm_region_hash;
+struct dm_region;
+
+/*
+ * States a region can have.
+ */
+enum dm_rh_region_states {
+	DM_RH_CLEAN	 = 0x01,	/* No writes in flight. */
+	DM_RH_DIRTY	 = 0x02,	/* Writes in flight. */
+	DM_RH_NOSYNC	 = 0x04,	/* Out of sync. */
+	DM_RH_RECOVERING = 0x08,	/* Under resynchronization. */
+};
+
+/*
+ * Region hash create/destroy.
+ */
+struct bio_list;
+struct dm_region_hash *dm_region_hash_create(
+		void *context, void (*dispatch_bios)(void *context,
+						     struct bio_list *bios),
+		void (*wakeup_workers)(void *context),
+		void (*wakeup_all_recovery_waiters)(void *context),
+		sector_t target_begin, unsigned max_recovery,
+		struct dm_dirty_log *log, uint32_t region_size,
+		region_t nr_regions);
+void dm_region_hash_destroy(struct dm_region_hash *rh);
+
+struct dm_dirty_log *dm_rh_dirty_log(struct dm_region_hash *rh);
+
+/*
+ * Conversion functions.
+ */
+region_t dm_rh_bio_to_region(struct dm_region_hash *rh, struct bio *bio);
+sector_t dm_rh_region_to_sector(struct dm_region_hash *rh, region_t region);
+region_t dm_rh_sector_to_region(struct dm_region_hash *rh, sector_t sector);
+void *dm_rh_region_context(struct dm_region *reg);
+
+/*
+ * Get region size and key (ie. number of the region).
+ */
+sector_t dm_rh_get_region_size(struct dm_region_hash *rh);
+region_t dm_rh_get_region_key(struct dm_region *reg);
+
+/*
+ * Get/set/update region state (and dirty log).
+ *
+ */
+int dm_rh_get_state(struct dm_region_hash *rh, region_t region, int may_block);
+void dm_rh_set_state(struct dm_region_hash *rh, region_t region,
+		     enum dm_rh_region_states state, int may_block);
+
+/* Non-zero errors_handled leaves the state of the region NOSYNC */
+void dm_rh_update_states(struct dm_region_hash *rh, int errors_handled);
+
+/* Flush the region hash and dirty log. */
+int dm_rh_flush(struct dm_region_hash *rh);
+
+/* Inc/dec pending count on regions. */
+void dm_rh_inc(struct dm_region_hash *rh, region_t region);
+void dm_rh_inc_pending(struct dm_region_hash *rh, struct bio_list *bios);
+void dm_rh_dec(struct dm_region_hash *rh, region_t region);
+
+/* Delay bios on regions. */
+void dm_rh_delay(struct dm_region_hash *rh, struct bio *bio);
+void dm_rh_delay_by_region(struct dm_region_hash *rh, struct bio *bio,
+			   region_t region);
+
+void dm_rh_mark_nosync(struct dm_region_hash *rh,
+		       struct bio *bio, unsigned done, int error);
+
+/*
+ * Region recovery control.
+ */
+
+/* Prepare some regions for recovery by starting to quiesce them. */
+void dm_rh_recovery_prepare(struct dm_region_hash *rh);
+
+/* Try fetching a quiesced region for recovery. */
+struct dm_region *dm_rh_recovery_start(struct dm_region_hash *rh);
+
+/* Report recovery end on a region. */
+void dm_rh_recovery_end(struct dm_region *reg, int error);
+
+/* Returns number of regions with recovery work outstanding. */
+int dm_rh_recovery_in_flight(struct dm_region_hash *rh);
+
+/* Start/stop recovery. */
+void dm_rh_start_recovery(struct dm_region_hash *rh);
+void dm_rh_stop_recovery(struct dm_region_hash *rh);
+
+#endif /* DM_REGION_HASH_H */
diff --git a/ubuntu/include/Kbuild b/ubuntu/include/Kbuild
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c9a138f17b7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/include/Kbuild
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+header-y += linux/
diff --git a/ubuntu/include/README b/ubuntu/include/README
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..adc8d33e6d8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/include/README
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Only use this directory for things which need to share their headers with
+other parts of the kernel or other modules in ubuntu/
+
+Otherwise, keep them local to the module directory.
diff --git a/ubuntu/include/linux/Kbuild b/ubuntu/include/linux/Kbuild
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..50d9e8c3c627
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/include/linux/Kbuild
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+header-y += aufs_type.h
diff --git a/ubuntu/include/linux/aufs_type.h b/ubuntu/include/linux/aufs_type.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2f2fbcdbcce5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubuntu/include/linux/aufs_type.h
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 Junjiro R. Okajima
+ *
+ * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+#ifndef __AUFS_TYPE_H__
+#define __AUFS_TYPE_H__
+
+#define AUFS_NAME	"aufs"
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+/*
+ * define it before including all other headers.
+ * sched.h may use pr_* macros before defining "current", so define the
+ * no-current version first, and re-define later.
+ */
+#define pr_fmt(fmt)	AUFS_NAME " %s:%d: " fmt, __func__, __LINE__
+#include <linux/sched.h>
+#undef pr_fmt
+#define pr_fmt(fmt)	AUFS_NAME " %s:%d:%s[%d]: " fmt, \
+		__func__, __LINE__, current->comm, current->pid
+#else
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
+
+#include <linux/limits.h>
+
+#define AUFS_VERSION	"3.2-20120109"
+
+/* todo? move this to linux-2.6.19/include/magic.h */
+#define AUFS_SUPER_MAGIC	('a' << 24 | 'u' << 16 | 'f' << 8 | 's')
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_BRANCH_MAX_127
+typedef int8_t aufs_bindex_t;
+#define AUFS_BRANCH_MAX 127
+#else
+typedef int16_t aufs_bindex_t;
+#ifdef CONFIG_AUFS_BRANCH_MAX_511
+#define AUFS_BRANCH_MAX 511
+#elif defined(CONFIG_AUFS_BRANCH_MAX_1023)
+#define AUFS_BRANCH_MAX 1023
+#elif defined(CONFIG_AUFS_BRANCH_MAX_32767)
+#define AUFS_BRANCH_MAX 32767
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+#ifndef AUFS_BRANCH_MAX
+#error unknown CONFIG_AUFS_BRANCH_MAX value
+#endif
+#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#define AUFS_FSTYPE		AUFS_NAME
+
+#define AUFS_ROOT_INO		2
+#define AUFS_FIRST_INO		11
+
+#define AUFS_WH_PFX		".wh."
+#define AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN		((int)sizeof(AUFS_WH_PFX) - 1)
+#define AUFS_WH_TMP_LEN		4
+/* a limit for rmdir/rename a dir */
+#define AUFS_MAX_NAMELEN	(NAME_MAX \
+				- AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN * 2	/* doubly whiteouted */\
+				- 1			/* dot */\
+				- AUFS_WH_TMP_LEN)	/* hex */
+#define AUFS_XINO_FNAME		"." AUFS_NAME ".xino"
+#define AUFS_XINO_DEFPATH	"/tmp/" AUFS_XINO_FNAME
+#define AUFS_XINO_TRUNC_INIT	64 /* blocks */
+#define AUFS_XINO_TRUNC_STEP	4  /* blocks */
+#define AUFS_DIRWH_DEF		3
+#define AUFS_RDCACHE_DEF	10 /* seconds */
+#define AUFS_RDCACHE_MAX	3600 /* seconds */
+#define AUFS_RDBLK_DEF		512 /* bytes */
+#define AUFS_RDHASH_DEF		32
+#define AUFS_WKQ_NAME		AUFS_NAME "d"
+#define AUFS_MFS_DEF_SEC	30 /* seconds */
+#define AUFS_MFS_MAX_SEC	3600 /* seconds */
+#define AUFS_PLINK_WARN		100 /* number of plinks */
+
+/* pseudo-link maintenace under /proc */
+#define AUFS_PLINK_MAINT_NAME	"plink_maint"
+#define AUFS_PLINK_MAINT_DIR	"fs/" AUFS_NAME
+#define AUFS_PLINK_MAINT_PATH	AUFS_PLINK_MAINT_DIR "/" AUFS_PLINK_MAINT_NAME
+
+#define AUFS_DIROPQ_NAME	AUFS_WH_PFX ".opq" /* whiteouted doubly */
+#define AUFS_WH_DIROPQ		AUFS_WH_PFX AUFS_DIROPQ_NAME
+
+#define AUFS_BASE_NAME		AUFS_WH_PFX AUFS_NAME
+#define AUFS_PLINKDIR_NAME	AUFS_WH_PFX "plnk"
+#define AUFS_ORPHDIR_NAME	AUFS_WH_PFX "orph"
+
+/* doubly whiteouted */
+#define AUFS_WH_BASE		AUFS_WH_PFX AUFS_BASE_NAME
+#define AUFS_WH_PLINKDIR	AUFS_WH_PFX AUFS_PLINKDIR_NAME
+#define AUFS_WH_ORPHDIR		AUFS_WH_PFX AUFS_ORPHDIR_NAME
+
+/* branch permissions and attributes */
+#define AUFS_BRPERM_RW		"rw"
+#define AUFS_BRPERM_RO		"ro"
+#define AUFS_BRPERM_RR		"rr"
+#define AUFS_BRRATTR_WH		"wh"
+#define AUFS_BRWATTR_NLWH	"nolwh"
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* ioctl */
+enum {
+	/* readdir in userspace */
+	AuCtl_RDU,
+	AuCtl_RDU_INO,
+
+	/* pathconf wrapper */
+	AuCtl_WBR_FD,
+
+	/* busy inode */
+	AuCtl_IBUSY
+};
+
+/* borrowed from linux/include/linux/kernel.h */
+#ifndef ALIGN
+#define ALIGN(x, a)		__ALIGN_MASK(x, (typeof(x))(a)-1)
+#define __ALIGN_MASK(x, mask)	(((x)+(mask))&~(mask))
+#endif
+
+/* borrowed from linux/include/linux/compiler-gcc3.h */
+#ifndef __aligned
+#define __aligned(x)			__attribute__((aligned(x)))
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+#ifndef __packed
+#define __packed			__attribute__((packed))
+#endif
+#endif
+
+struct au_rdu_cookie {
+	uint64_t	h_pos;
+	int16_t		bindex;
+	uint8_t		flags;
+	uint8_t		pad;
+	uint32_t	generation;
+} __aligned(8);
+
+struct au_rdu_ent {
+	uint64_t	ino;
+	int16_t		bindex;
+	uint8_t		type;
+	uint8_t		nlen;
+	uint8_t		wh;
+	char		name[0];
+} __aligned(8);
+
+static inline int au_rdu_len(int nlen)
+{
+	/* include the terminating NULL */
+	return ALIGN(sizeof(struct au_rdu_ent) + nlen + 1,
+		     sizeof(uint64_t));
+}
+
+union au_rdu_ent_ul {
+	struct au_rdu_ent __user	*e;
+	uint64_t			ul;
+};
+
+enum {
+	AufsCtlRduV_SZ,
+	AufsCtlRduV_End
+};
+
+struct aufs_rdu {
+	/* input */
+	union {
+		uint64_t	sz;	/* AuCtl_RDU */
+		uint64_t	nent;	/* AuCtl_RDU_INO */
+	};
+	union au_rdu_ent_ul	ent;
+	uint16_t		verify[AufsCtlRduV_End];
+
+	/* input/output */
+	uint32_t		blk;
+
+	/* output */
+	union au_rdu_ent_ul	tail;
+	/* number of entries which were added in a single call */
+	uint64_t		rent;
+	uint8_t			full;
+	uint8_t			shwh;
+
+	struct au_rdu_cookie	cookie;
+} __aligned(8);
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+struct aufs_wbr_fd {
+	uint32_t	oflags;
+	int16_t		brid;
+} __aligned(8);
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+struct aufs_ibusy {
+	uint64_t	ino, h_ino;
+	int16_t		bindex;
+} __aligned(8);
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#define AuCtlType		'A'
+#define AUFS_CTL_RDU		_IOWR(AuCtlType, AuCtl_RDU, struct aufs_rdu)
+#define AUFS_CTL_RDU_INO	_IOWR(AuCtlType, AuCtl_RDU_INO, struct aufs_rdu)
+#define AUFS_CTL_WBR_FD		_IOW(AuCtlType, AuCtl_WBR_FD, \
+				     struct aufs_wbr_fd)
+#define AUFS_CTL_IBUSY		_IOWR(AuCtlType, AuCtl_IBUSY, struct aufs_ibusy)
+
+#endif /* __AUFS_TYPE_H__ */